101
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Imaging electron-density fluctuations by multidimensional X-ray photon-coincidence diffraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:395-400. [PMID: 30584098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816730116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast spontaneous electron-density fluctuation dynamics in molecules is studied theoretically by off-resonant multiple X-ray diffraction events. The time- and wavevector-resolved photon-coincidence signals give an image of electron-density fluctuations expressed through the four-point correlation function of the charge density in momentum space. A Fourier transform of the signal provides a real-space image of the multipoint charge-density correlation functions, which reveal snapshots of the evolving electron density in between the diffraction events. The proposed technique is illustrated by ab initio simulations of the momentum- and real-space inelastic scattering signals from a linear cyanotetracetylene molecule.
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102
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Bhattacherjee A, Leone SR. Ultrafast X-ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Gas-Phase Photochemical Reactions: A New Universal Probe of Photoinduced Molecular Dynamics. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3203-3211. [PMID: 30462481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopic investigations of light-induced chemical reactions with universal detection capitalize recently on single-photon molecular probing using laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet or X-ray regimes. Direct and simultaneous mappings of the time-evolving populations of ground-state reactants, Franck-Condon (FC) and transition state regions, excited-state intermediates and conical intersections (CI), and photoproducts in photochemical reactions utilize probe pulses that are broadband and energy-tunable. The limits on temporal resolution are set by the transit- or dwell-time of the photoexcited molecules at specific locations on the potential energy surface, typically ranging from a few femtoseconds to several hundred picoseconds. Femtosecond high-harmonic generation (HHG) meets the stringent demands for a universal spectroscopic probe of large regions of the intramolecular phase-space in unimolecular photochemical reactions. Extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray pulses generated in this manner with few-femtosecond or sub-femtosecond durations have enormous bandwidths, allowing the probing of many elements simultaneously through excitation or ionization of core-electrons, creating molecular movies that shed light on entire photochemical pathways. At free electron lasers (FELs), powerful investigations are also possible, recognizing their higher flux and tunability but more limited bandwidths. Femtosecond time-resolved X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy, in particular, is a valuable universal probe of reaction pathways that maps changes via the fingerprint core-to-valence resonances. The particular power of this method over valence-ionization probes lies in its unmatched element and chemical-site specificities. The elements carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen constitute the fundamental building blocks of life; photochemical reactions involving these elements are ubiquitous, diverse, and manifold. However, table-top HHG sources in the "water-window" region (280-550 eV), which encompasses the 1s-absorption edges of carbon (284 eV), nitrogen (410 eV), and oxygen (543 eV), are far from abundant or trivial. Recent breakthroughs in the laboratory have embraced this region by using long driving-wavelength optical parametric amplifiers coupled with differentially pumped high-pressure gas source cells. This has opened avenues to study a host of photochemical reactions in organic molecules using femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption at the carbon K-edge. In this Account, we summarize recent efforts to deploy a table-top carbon K-edge source to obtain crucial chemical insights into ultrafast, ultraviolet-induced chemical reactions involving ring-opening, nonadiabatic excited-state relaxation, bond dissociation and radical formation. The X-ray probe provides a direct spectroscopic viewport into the electronic characters and configurations of the valence electronic states through spectroscopic core-level transitions into the frontier molecular orbitals of the photoexcited molecules, laying fertile ground for the real-time mapping of the evolving valence electronic structure. The profound detail and mechanistic insights emerging from the pioneering experiments at the carbon K-edge are outlined here. Comparisons of the experimental methodology with other techniques employed to study similar reactions are drawn, where applicable and relevant. We show that femtosecond time-resolved X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy blazes a new trail in the study of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. Despite table-top implementations being largely in their infancy, future chemical applications of the technique will set the stage for widely applicable, universal probes of photoinduced molecular dynamics with unprecedented temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhattacherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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103
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Hada M, Shigeeda Y, Koshihara SY, Nishikawa T, Yamashita Y, Hayashi Y. Bond Dissociation Triggering Molecular Disorder in Amorphous H 2O. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9579-9584. [PMID: 30430832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a system to deposit H2O molecules onto ultrathin silicon nitride substrates in situ using time-resolved transmission electron diffraction apparatus and performed ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction measurements in the noncrystalline (amorphous) H2O under near-ultraviolet photoexcitation. The observed dynamics directly represent O-H bond dissociation via multiphoton absorption and charge transfer, which trigger ionization and intermolecular disorder in the amorphous H2O. Our results illustrate the intriguing nature of light-matter and matter-matter interactions in H2O molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Yuho Shigeeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Koshihara
- School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
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104
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Allum F, Burt M, Amini K, Boll R, Köckert H, Olshin PK, Bari S, Bomme C, Brauße F, Cunha de Miranda B, Düsterer S, Erk B, Géléoc M, Geneaux R, Gentleman AS, Goldsztejn G, Guillemin R, Holland DMP, Ismail I, Johnsson P, Journel L, Küpper J, Lahl J, Lee JWL, Maclot S, Mackenzie SR, Manschwetus B, Mereshchenko AS, Mason R, Palaudoux J, Piancastelli MN, Penent F, Rompotis D, Rouzée A, Ruchon T, Rudenko A, Savelyev E, Simon M, Schirmel N, Stapelfeldt H, Techert S, Travnikova O, Trippel S, Underwood JG, Vallance C, Wiese J, Ziaee F, Brouard M, Marchenko T, Rolles D. Coulomb explosion imaging of CH3I and CH2ClI photodissociation dynamics. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:204313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5041381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Allum
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Burt
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kasra Amini
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hansjochen Köckert
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel K. Olshin
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sadia Bari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cédric Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Brauße
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Cunha de Miranda
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Géléoc
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Romain Geneaux
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Renaud Guillemin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Iyas Ismail
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Per Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Loïc Journel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Lahl
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason W. L. Lee
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Maclot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stuart R. Mackenzie
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bastian Manschwetus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey S. Mereshchenko
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Robert Mason
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Palaudoux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Novella Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francis Penent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dimitrios Rompotis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thierry Ruchon
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Evgeny Savelyev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nora Schirmel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oksana Travnikova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Trippel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan G. Underwood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Vallance
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Joss Wiese
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Farzaneh Ziaee
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Mark Brouard
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique—Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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105
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Yong H, Zotev N, Stankus B, Ruddock JM, Bellshaw D, Boutet S, Lane TJ, Liang M, Carbajo S, Robinson JS, Du W, Goff N, Chang Y, Koglin JE, Waters MDJ, Sølling TI, Minitti MP, Kirrander A, Weber PM. Determining Orientations of Optical Transition Dipole Moments Using Ultrafast X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6556-6562. [PMID: 30380873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the initially prepared, optically active state remains a challenging problem in many studies of ultrafast photoinduced processes. We show that the initially excited electronic state can be determined using the anisotropic component of ultrafast time-resolved X-ray scattering signals. The concept is demonstrated using the time-dependent X-ray scattering of N-methyl morpholine in the gas phase upon excitation by a 200 nm linearly polarized optical pulse. Analysis of the angular dependence of the scattering signal near time zero renders the orientation of the transition dipole moment in the molecular frame and identifies the initially excited state as the 3p z Rydberg state, thus bypassing the need for further experimental studies to determine the starting point of the photoinduced dynamics and clarifying inconsistent computational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Nikola Zotev
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , United Kingdom
| | - Brian Stankus
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Ruddock
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Darren Bellshaw
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Thomas J Lane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Mengning Liang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Sergio Carbajo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Joseph S Robinson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Wenpeng Du
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Nathan Goff
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Jason E Koglin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Max D J Waters
- Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Theis I Sølling
- Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Michael P Minitti
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Adam Kirrander
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Weber
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
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106
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Kaneshima K, Ninota Y, Sekikawa T. Time-resolved high-harmonic spectroscopy of ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31039-31054. [PMID: 30469991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the first time-resolved high-harmonic spectroscopy (TR-HHS) study of a chemical bond rearrangement. We investigate the transient change of the high-harmonic signal from 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD), which undergoes ring-opening and isomerizes to 1,3,5-hexatriene (HT) upon photoexcitation. We associated the harmonic yield variation with the changes in the molecule's electronic state and vibrational frequencies, which are caused by isomerization. This showed us that the electronic excited state of CHD created through two-photon absorption of 3.1 eV photons relaxes almost completely within 100 fs to the electronic ground state of CHD with vibrational excitation. Subsequently, the molecule isomerizes to HT (i.e., ring-opening occurs, around 400 fs after the excitation). The present results demonstrate that TR-HHS, which can track both electronic and nuclear dynamics, is a powerful tool for studying ultrafast photochemical reactions.
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107
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Multiscale wavelet decomposition of time-resolved X-ray diffraction signals in cyclohexadiene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10269-10274. [PMID: 30254170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811983115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate how the wavelet transform, which is a powerful tool for compression, filtering, and scaling analysis of signals, may be used to separate large- and short-scale electron density features in X-ray diffraction patterns. Wavelets can isolate the electron density associated with delocalized bonds from the much stronger background of highly localized core electrons. The wavelet-processed signals clearly reveal the bond formation and breaking in the early steps of the photoinduced pericyclic ring opening reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene, which are not resolved in the bare signal.
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108
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Wei Z, Tian L, Li J, Lu Y, Yang M, Loh ZH. Tracking Ultrafast Bond Dissociation Dynamics at 0.1 Å Resolution by Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5742-5747. [PMID: 30212632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing the real-time dissociation of chemical bonds represents a challenge in the study of ultrafast molecular dynamics due to the simultaneous need for sub-angstrom spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. Here, we follow the C-I dissociation dynamics of strong-field-ionized 2-iodopropane (2-C3H7I) with femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) absorption spectroscopy. By probing the iodine 4 d core-level absorption, we resolve a continuous XUV spectral shift on the sub-100 fs time scale that accompanies the dissociation of the 2-C3H7I+ spin-orbit-excited 2 E1/2 state to yield atomic I in the 2 P3/2 state. In combination with ab initio calculations of the C-I distance-dependent XUV transition energy, we reconstruct the temporal evolution of the C-I distance from the Franck-Condon region to the asymptotic region with 10 fs and 0.1 Å resolution. The C-I bond elongation appears to couple to coherent vibrational motion along the HC(CH3)2 umbrella mode of the 2-C3H7+ fragment, whose effect on the I 4 d XUV transition even at C-I distances of 3.5 Å points to the long-range nature of XUV absorption probing. Our results suggest that femtosecond XUV absorption spectroscopy, in combination with ab initio simulations of XUV transition energies, can be used to resolve the ultrafast structural dynamics of large polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Wei
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Li Tian
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Jialin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Minghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
- Centre for Optical Fibre Technology, The Photonics Institute , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
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109
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Northey T, Duffield J, Penfold TJ. Non-equilibrium x-ray spectroscopy using direct quantum dynamics. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:124107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5047487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Northey
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - J. Duffield
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - T. J. Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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110
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Ling F, Wang Y, Li S, Wei J, Tang Y, Zhang B. Imaging Reversible and Irreversible Structural Evolution in Photoexcited 2,4-Difluoroaniline. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5468-5473. [PMID: 30165741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the capability of femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging to visualize the reversible and irreversible structural evolution in electronically excited 2,4-difluoroaniline. As a coherent superposition of out-of-plane vibrational motions is created following 299.8 nm excitation, the molecular geometry alters periodically, thus modulating the photoionization channel. The reversible nuclear motion between distinct geometries is directly observed as the reverse beats in the time-dependent photoelectron spectra. Moreover, with the molecule highly vibrationally excited at 289.0 nm, the exponential decrease/increase changes in photoelectron signal provide a physically intuitive and complete picture of the irreversible geometry rearrangement away from a nonplanar geometry in the vertical Franck-Condon region toward the planar minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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111
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Schalk O, Geng T, Hansson T, Thomas RD. The ring-opening channel and the influence of Rydberg states on the excited state dynamics of furan and its derivatives. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:084303. [PMID: 30193494 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One important relaxation pathway for photo-excited five-membered heterocyclic organic molecules is ring-opening via a dissociative πσ* state. In this study, we investigate the influence of this pathway in furan and several hydrogenated and methylated derivatives by combining time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with time-dependent density functional theory and coupled cluster calculations. We find strong experimental evidence that the ring-opening channel is the major relaxation channel in furan, 2,3-dihydrofuran, and 2-methylfuran (2-MF). In 2,5-dimethylfuran (25-DMF), however, we observe that the molecules relax either via a π3s Rydberg state or through a direct return to the ground state by undergoing ring-puckering motions. From the supporting calculations, for 2-MF and 25-DMF, we predict that there is strong mixing between the πσ* state and the π3s Rydberg state along the ring opening pathway. However, in 25-DMF, no crossing between the πσ*/π3s state and the initially excited ππ* state can be found along the ring opening coordinate, effectively blocking this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Schalk
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Geng
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Hansson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R D Thomas
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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112
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Sauppe M, Rompotis D, Erk B, Bari S, Bischoff T, Boll R, Bomme C, Bostedt C, Dörner S, Düsterer S, Feigl T, Flückiger L, Gorkhover T, Kolatzki K, Langbehn B, Monserud N, Müller E, Müller JP, Passow C, Ramm D, Rolles D, Schubert K, Schwob L, Senfftleben B, Treusch R, Ulmer A, Weigelt H, Zimbalski J, Zimmermann J, Möller T, Rupp D. XUV double-pulses with femtosecond to 650 ps separation from a multilayer-mirror-based split-and-delay unit at FLASH. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1517-1528. [PMID: 30179193 PMCID: PMC6140391 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518006094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray free-electron lasers enable new scientific opportunities. Their ultra-intense coherent femtosecond pulses give unprecedented access to the structure of undepositable nanoscale objects and to transient states of highly excited matter. In order to probe the ultrafast complex light-induced dynamics on the relevant time scales, the multi-purpose end-station CAMP at the free-electron laser FLASH has been complemented by the novel multilayer-mirror-based split-and-delay unit DESC (DElay Stage for CAMP) for time-resolved experiments. XUV double-pulses with delays adjustable from zero femtoseconds up to 650 picoseconds are generated by reflecting under near-normal incidence, exceeding the time range accessible with existing XUV split-and-delay units. Procedures to establish temporal and spatial overlap of the two pulses in CAMP are presented, with emphasis on the optimization of the spatial overlap at long time-delays via time-dependent features, for example in ion spectra of atomic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sauppe
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Rompotis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sadia Bari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bischoff
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Cédric Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Simon Dörner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Feigl
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Leonie Flückiger
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- ARC Centre of Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Kolatzki
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Langbehn
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Monserud
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erland Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan P. Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Passow
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Ramm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kaja Schubert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Schwob
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Senfftleben
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anatoli Ulmer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Weigelt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Zimbalski
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Zimmermann
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Rupp
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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113
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Yang J, Zhu X, Wolf TJA, Li Z, Nunes JPF, Coffee R, Cryan JP, Gühr M, Hegazy K, Heinz TF, Jobe K, Li R, Shen X, Veccione T, Weathersby S, Wilkin KJ, Yoneda C, Zheng Q, Martinez TJ, Centurion M, Wang X. Imaging CF 3I conical intersection and photodissociation dynamics with ultrafast electron diffraction. Science 2018; 361:64-67. [PMID: 29976821 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Conical intersections play a critical role in excited-state dynamics of polyatomic molecules because they govern the reaction pathways of many nonadiabatic processes. However, ultrafast probes have lacked sufficient spatial resolution to image wave-packet trajectories through these intersections directly. Here, we present the simultaneous experimental characterization of one-photon and two-photon excitation channels in isolated CF3I molecules using ultrafast gas-phase electron diffraction. In the two-photon channel, we have mapped out the real-space trajectories of a coherent nuclear wave packet, which bifurcates onto two potential energy surfaces when passing through a conical intersection. In the one-photon channel, we have resolved excitation of both the umbrella and the breathing vibrational modes in the CF3 fragment in multiple nuclear dimensions. These findings benchmark and validate ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. .,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Pedro F Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Ryan Coffee
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Markus Gühr
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kareem Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Keith Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kyle J Wilkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Charles Yoneda
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Zheng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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114
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Leitner T, Josefsson I, Mazza T, Miedema PS, Schröder H, Beye M, Kunnus K, Schreck S, Düsterer S, Föhlisch A, Meyer M, Odelius M, Wernet P. Time-resolved electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis of photodissociation: Photoelectron spectra of Fe(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, and Fe(CO)3. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:044307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5035149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Leitner
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Josefsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - P. S. Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Schröder
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. Beye
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Kunnus
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S. Schreck
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S. Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, FS-FLASH, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M. Odelius
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ph. Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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115
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Iikubo R, Sekikawa T, Harabuchi Y, Taketsugu T. Structural dynamics of photochemical reactions probed by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using high harmonic pulses. Faraday Discuss 2018; 194:147-160. [PMID: 27711881 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00063k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond ring-opening dynamics of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) in gas phase upon two-photon excitation at 400 nm (=3.1 eV) was investigated by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using 42 nm (=29.5 eV) high harmonic photons probing the dynamics of the lower-lying occupied molecular orbitals (MOs), which are the fingerprints of the molecular structure. After 500 fs, the photoelectron intensity of the MO constituting the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C sigma bond (σC[double bond, length as m-dash]C) of CHD was enhanced, while that of the MO forming the C-C sigma bond (σCC) of CHD was decreased. The changes in the photoelectron spectra suggest that the ring of CHD opens to form a 1,3,5-hexatriene (HT) after 500 fs. The dynamics of the σC[double bond, length as m-dash]C and σCC bands between 200 and 500 fs reflects the ring deformation to a conical intersection between the 21A and 11A potential energy surfaces prior to the ring-opening reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Iikubo
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Taro Sekikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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116
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Miller RJD. Ultrafast imaging of photochemical dynamics: roadmap to a new conceptual basis for chemistry. Faraday Discuss 2018; 194:777-828. [PMID: 27991637 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Dwayne Miller
- The Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chausse 149, Hamburg 22607, Germany. and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario L5G 3J6, Canada
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117
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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118
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Bennett K, Kowalewski M, Rouxel JR, Mukamel S. Monitoring molecular nonadiabatic dynamics with femtosecond X-ray diffraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6538-6547. [PMID: 29891703 PMCID: PMC6042073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805335115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved X-ray scattering, made possible by free-electron laser sources, provides a wealth of information about electronic and nuclear dynamical processes in molecules. The technique provides stroboscopic snapshots of the time-dependent electronic charge density traditionally used in structure determination and reflects the interplay of elastic and inelastic processes, nonadiabatic dynamics, and electronic populations and coherences. The various contributions to ultrafast off-resonant diffraction from populations and coherences of molecules in crystals, in the gas phase, or from single molecules are surveyed for core-resonant and off-resonant diffraction. Single-molecule [Formula: see text] scaling and two-molecule [Formula: see text] scaling contributions, where N is the number of active molecules, are compared. Simulations are presented for the excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics of the electron harpooning at the avoided crossing in NaF. We show how a class of multiple diffraction signals from a single molecule can reveal charge-density fluctuations through multidimensional correlation functions of the charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kochise Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
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119
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Kraus PM, Zürch M, Cushing SK, Neumark DM, Leone SR. The ultrafast X-ray spectroscopic revolution in chemical dynamics. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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120
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Hada M, Saito S, Sato R, Miyata K, Hayashi Y, Shigeta Y, Onda K. Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29912189 DOI: 10.3791/57612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss in this article the experimental measurements of the molecules in liquid crystal (LC) phase using the time-resolved infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy and time-resolved electron diffraction. Liquid crystal phase is an important state of matter that exists between the solid and liquid phases and it is common in natural systems as well as in organic electronics. Liquid crystals are orientationally ordered but loosely packed, and therefore, the internal conformations and alignments of the molecular components of LCs can be modified by external stimuli. Although advanced time-resolved diffraction techniques have revealed picosecond-scale molecular dynamics of single crystals and polycrystals, direct observations of packing structures and ultrafast dynamics of soft materials have been hampered by blurry diffraction patterns. Here, we report time-resolved IR vibrational spectroscopy and electron diffractometry to acquire ultrafast snapshots of a columnar LC material bearing a photoactive core moiety. Differential-detection analyses of the combination of time-resolved IR vibrational spectroscopy and electron diffraction are powerful tools for characterizing structures and photoinduced dynamics of soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University;
| | | | - Ryuma Sato
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | - Ken Onda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University;
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121
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Stankus B, Zotev N, Rogers DM, Gao Y, Odate A, Kirrander A, Weber PM. Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of 1,4-diiodobenzene. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:194306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5031787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Stankus
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Nikola Zotev
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Rogers
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Asami Odate
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Adam Kirrander
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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122
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Smith AD, Warne EM, Bellshaw D, Horke DA, Tudorovskya M, Springate E, Jones AJH, Cacho C, Chapman RT, Kirrander A, Minns RS. Mapping the Complete Reaction Path of a Complex Photochemical Reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183003. [PMID: 29775354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We probe the dynamics of dissociating CS_{2} molecules across the entire reaction pathway upon excitation. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements using laboratory-generated femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses monitor the competing dissociation, internal conversion, and intersystem crossing dynamics. Dissociation occurs either in the initially excited singlet manifold or, via intersystem crossing, in the triplet manifold. Both product channels are monitored and show that, despite being more rapid, the singlet dissociation is the minor product and that triplet state products dominate the final yield. We explain this by a consideration of accurate potential energy curves for both the singlet and triplet states. We propose that rapid internal conversion stabilizes the singlet population dynamically, allowing for singlet-triplet relaxation via intersystem crossing and the efficient formation of spin-forbidden dissociation products on longer timescales. The study demonstrates the importance of measuring the full reaction pathway for defining accurate reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Smith
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Emily M Warne
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Bellshaw
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Tudorovskya
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred J H Jones
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Cephise Cacho
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard T Chapman
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Kirrander
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Russell S Minns
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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123
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Squibb RJ, Sapunar M, Ponzi A, Richter R, Kivimäki A, Plekan O, Finetti P, Sisourat N, Zhaunerchyk V, Marchenko T, Journel L, Guillemin R, Cucini R, Coreno M, Grazioli C, Di Fraia M, Callegari C, Prince KC, Decleva P, Simon M, Eland JHD, Došlić N, Feifel R, Piancastelli MN. Acetylacetone photodynamics at a seeded free-electron laser. Nat Commun 2018; 9:63. [PMID: 29302026 PMCID: PMC5754354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The first steps in photochemical processes, such as photosynthesis or animal vision, involve changes in electronic and geometric structure on extremely short time scales. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is a natural way to measure such changes, but has been hindered hitherto by limitations of available pulsed light sources in the vacuum-ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral region, which have insufficient resolution in time and energy simultaneously. The unique combination of intensity, energy resolution, and femtosecond pulse duration of the FERMI-seeded free-electron laser can now provide exceptionally detailed information on photoexcitation–deexcitation and fragmentation in pump-probe experiments on the 50-femtosecond time scale. For the prototypical system acetylacetone we report here electron spectra measured as a function of time delay with enough spectral and time resolution to follow several photoexcited species through well-characterized individual steps, interpreted using state-of-the-art static and dynamics calculations. These results open the way for investigations of photochemical processes in unprecedented detail. The first steps in photochemical processes involve changes in electronic and geometric structure on extremely short timescales. Here, the authors report femtosecond dynamics in prototypical acetylacetone, by pump-probe photoexcitation-photoemission experiments and static and dynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Sapunar
- Institut Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Ponzi
- Institut Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Kivimäki
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Sisourat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - V Zhaunerchyk
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Marchenko
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - L Journel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R Guillemin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R Cucini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 unit, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 unit, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 unit, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 unit, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - P Decleva
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - J H D Eland
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - N Došlić
- Institut Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M N Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
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124
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Tudorovskaya M, Minns RS, Kirrander A. Effects of probe energy and competing pathways on time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: the ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17714-17726. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectra for the ring-opening dynamics of 1,3-cyclohexadiene are studied using a model based on quantum molecular dynamics and the Dyson orbital approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Kirrander
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
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125
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Feng Y, Schafer DW, Song S, Sun Y, Zhu D, Krzywinski J, Robert A, Wu J, Decker FJ. Direct experimental observation of the gas density depression effect using a two-bunch X-ray FEL beam. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:145-150. [PMID: 29271764 PMCID: PMC5741131 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517014278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The experimental observation of the depression effect in gas devices designed for X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) is reported. The measurements were carried out at the Linac Coherent Light Source using a two-bunch FEL beam at 6.5 keV with 122.5 ns separation passing through an argon gas cell. The relative intensities of the two pulses of the two-bunch beam were measured, after and before the gas cell, from X-ray scattering off thin targets by using fast diodes with sufficient temporal resolution. At a cell pressure of 140 hPa, it was found that the after-to-before ratio of the intensities of the second pulse was about 17% ± 6% higher than that of the first pulse, revealing lower effective attenuation of the gas cell due to heating by the first pulse and subsequent gas density reduction in the beam path. This measurement is important in guiding the design and/or mitigating the adverse effects in gas devices for high-repetition-rate FELs such as the LCLS-II and the European XFEL or other future high-repetition-rate upgrades to existing FEL facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Feng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - D. W. Schafer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S. Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Y. Sun
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - D. Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J. Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Robert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J. Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - F.-J. Decker
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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126
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Quan W, Hao X, Hu X, Sun R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yu S, Xu S, Xiao Z, Lai X, Li X, Becker W, Wu Y, Wang J, Liu X, Chen J. Laser-Induced Inelastic Diffraction from Strong-Field Double Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:243203. [PMID: 29286720 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.243203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we propose a novel laser-induced inelastic diffraction (LIID) scheme based on the intense-field-driven atomic nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) process and demonstrate that, with this LIID approach, the doubly differential cross sections (DDCSs) of the target ions, e.g., Ar^{+} and Xe^{+}, can be accurately extracted from the two-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions in the NSDI process of the corresponding atoms. The extracted DDCSs exhibit a strong dependence on both the target and the laser intensity, in good agreement with calculated DDCSs from the scattering of free electrons. The LIID scheme may be extended to molecular systems and provides a promising approach for imaging of the gas-phase molecular dynamics induced by a strong laser field with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XiaoLei Hao
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - XiaoQing Hu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
| | - RenPing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - YanLan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - YongJu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - ShaoGang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - SongPo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - ZhiLei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - XuanYang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XingYu Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wilhelm Becker
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Moscow Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yong Wu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
| | - JianGuo Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
| | - XiaoJun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA CICIFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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127
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Seddon EA, Clarke JA, Dunning DJ, Masciovecchio C, Milne CJ, Parmigiani F, Rugg D, Spence JCH, Thompson NR, Ueda K, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Wurth W. Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:115901. [PMID: 29059048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Seddon
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. The School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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128
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Hada M, Saito S, Tanaka S, Sato R, Yoshimura M, Mouri K, Matsuo K, Yamaguchi S, Hara M, Hayashi Y, Röhricht F, Herges R, Shigeta Y, Onda K, Miller RJD. Structural Monitoring of the Onset of Excited-State Aromaticity in a Liquid Crystal Phase. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15792-15800. [PMID: 29037042 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aromaticity of photoexcited molecules is an important concept in organic chemistry. Its theory, Baird's rule for triplet aromaticity since 1972 gives the rationale of photoinduced conformational changes and photochemical reactivities of cyclic π-conjugated systems. However, it is still challenging to monitor the dynamic structural change induced by the excited-state aromaticity, particularly in condensed materials. Here we report direct structural observation of a molecular motion and a subsequent packing deformation accompanied by the excited-state aromaticity. Photoactive liquid crystal (LC) molecules featuring a π-expanded cyclooctatetraene core unit are orientationally ordered but loosely packed in a columnar LC phase, and therefore a photoinduced conformational planarization by the excited-state aromaticity has been successfully observed by time-resolved electron diffractometry and vibrational spectroscopy. The structural change took place in the vicinity of excited molecules, producing a twisted stacking structure. A nanoscale torque driven by the excited-state aromaticity can be used as the working mechanism of new photoresponsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,JST-PRESTO , Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Sei'ichi Tanaka
- School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuma Sato
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Mouri
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuo Hara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel , Kiel 24119, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel , Kiel 24119, Germany
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg , Hamburg 22761, Germany.,Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
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129
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Kowalewski M, Fingerhut BP, Dorfman KE, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Simulating Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Molecular Processes: From the Infrared to the X-ray Regime. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12165-12226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fingerhut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin E. Dorfman
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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130
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131
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Kowalewski M, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Monitoring nonadiabatic avoided crossing dynamics in molecules by ultrafast X-ray diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:054101. [PMID: 28580368 PMCID: PMC5446286 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We examine time-resolved X-ray diffraction from molecules in the gas phase which undergo nonadiabatic avoided-crossing dynamics involving strongly coupled electrons and nuclei. Several contributions to the signal are identified, representing (in decreasing strength) elastic scattering, contributions of the electronic coherences created by nonadiabatic couplings in the avoided crossing regime, and inelastic scattering. The former probes the charge density and delivers direct information on the evolving molecular geometry. The latter two contributions are weaker and carry spatial information through the transition charge densities (off-diagonal elements of the charge-density operator). Simulations are presented for the nonadiabatic harpooning process in the excited state of sodium fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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132
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The Linac Coherent Light Source: Recent Developments and Future Plans. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has launched a new era in X-ray science by providing ultrafast coherent X-ray pulses with a peak brightness that is approximately one billion times higher than previous X-ray sources. The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) facility at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the world’s first hard X-ray FEL, has already demonstrated a tremendous scientific impact across broad areas of science. Here, a few of the more recent representative highlights from LCLS are presented in the areas of atomic, molecular, and optical science; chemistry; condensed matter physics; matter in extreme conditions; and biology. This paper also outlines the near term upgrade (LCLS-II) and motivating science opportunities for ultrafast X-rays in the 0.25–5 keV range at repetition rates up to 1 MHz. Future plans to extend the X-ray energy reach to beyond 13 keV (<1 Å) at high repetition rate (LCLS-II-HE) are envisioned, motivated by compelling new science of structural dynamics at the atomic scale.
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133
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Zhang Y, Deb S, Jónsson H, Weber PM. Observation of Structural Wavepacket Motion: The Umbrella Mode in Rydberg-Excited N-Methyl Morpholine. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3740-3744. [PMID: 28742348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have observed time-resolved, structural dynamics of a coherent vibrational wavepacket in Rydberg-excited N-methyl morpholine, a molecule with 48 internal degrees of freedom. The molecular structure was established by associating the time-dependent Rydberg electron binding energy, obtained from time-resolved photoionization-photoelectron spectroscopy, to the molecular structure using self-interaction corrected density functional calculations. Optical excitation at 226 nm launches an oscillatory wavepacket in the amine umbrella coordinate with a 650 fs period. Even though the Franck-Condon excitation is at an angle of 17°, the wavepacket settles into an oscillation between 4° and -10° within a fraction of a vibrational period and then dephases with a time constant of 750 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Peter M Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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134
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Ashfold MNR, Bain M, Hansen CS, Ingle RA, Karsili TNV, Marchetti B, Murdock D. Exploring the Dynamics of the Photoinduced Ring-Opening of Heterocyclic Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3440-3451. [PMID: 28661140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Excited states formed by electron promotion to an antibonding σ* orbital are now recognized as key to understanding the photofragmentation dynamics of a broad range of heteroatom containing small molecules: alcohols, thiols, amines, and many of their aromatic analogues. Such excited states may be populated by direct photoexcitation, or indirectly by nonadiabatic transfer of population from some other optically excited state (e.g., a ππ* state). This Perspective explores the extent to which the fast-growing literature pertaining to such (n/π)σ*-state mediated bond fissions can inform and enhance our mechanistic understanding of photoinduced ring-opening in heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | - Matthew Bain
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | | | - Rebecca A Ingle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | - Tolga N V Karsili
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | - Barbara Marchetti
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | - Daniel Murdock
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
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135
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Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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136
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Chergui M, Thomas JM. From structure to structural dynamics: Ahmed Zewail's legacy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:043802. [PMID: 28868324 PMCID: PMC5562505 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this brief tribute to Ahmed Zewail, we highlight and place in the historical context, several of the major achievements that he and his colleagues have made in Femtochemistry (of which he was the principal instigator) and his introduction of ultrafast electron scattering, diffraction, microscopy and spectroscopy. By achieving a sub-picosecond temporal resolution, coupled with a picometer spatial resolution, he revolutionised our understanding of the corpus of chemical, physical, biological and materials science systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), ISIC, Faculté des Sciences de Base, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Meurig Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB30FS, United Kingdom
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137
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Wolf TJA, Myhre RH, Cryan JP, Coriani S, Squibb RJ, Battistoni A, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bucksbaum P, Coslovich G, Feifel R, Gaffney KJ, Grilj J, Martinez TJ, Miyabe S, Moeller SP, Mucke M, Natan A, Obaid R, Osipov T, Plekan O, Wang S, Koch H, Gühr M. Probing ultrafast ππ*/nπ* internal conversion in organic chromophores via K-edge resonant absorption. Nat Commun 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28642477 PMCID: PMC5481431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many photoinduced processes including photosynthesis and human vision happen in organic molecules and involve coupled femtosecond dynamics of nuclei and electrons. Organic molecules with heteroatoms often possess an important excited-state relaxation channel from an optically allowed ππ* to a dark nπ* state. The ππ*/nπ* internal conversion is difficult to investigate, as most spectroscopic methods are not exclusively sensitive to changes in the excited-state electronic structure. Here, we report achieving the required sensitivity by exploiting the element and site specificity of near-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. As a hole forms in the n orbital during ππ*/nπ* internal conversion, the absorption spectrum at the heteroatom K-edge exhibits an additional resonance. We demonstrate the concept using the nucleobase thymine at the oxygen K-edge, and unambiguously show that ππ*/nπ* internal conversion takes place within (60 ± 30) fs. High-level-coupled cluster calculations confirm the method's impressive electronic structure sensitivity for excited-state investigations.Many photo-induced processes such as photosynthesis occur in organic molecules, but their femtosecond excited-state dynamics are difficult to track. Here, the authors exploit the element and site selectivity of soft X-ray absorption to sensitively follow the ultrafast ππ*/nπ* electronic relaxation of hetero-organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R H Myhre
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S Coriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste, IT-34127, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Battistoni
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - N Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - C Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - P Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - G Coslovich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K J Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - J Grilj
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - T J Martinez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - S Miyabe
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - S P Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Mucke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R Obaid
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - T Osipov
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 AREA Science Park, IT-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Wang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - H Koch
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - M Gühr
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, DE-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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138
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Wernet P, Leitner T, Josefsson I, Mazza T, Miedema PS, Schröder H, Beye M, Kunnus K, Schreck S, Radcliffe P, Düsterer S, Meyer M, Odelius M, Föhlisch A. Communication: Direct evidence for sequential dissociation of gas-phase Fe(CO) 5 via a singlet pathway upon excitation at 266 nm. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:211103. [PMID: 28595420 PMCID: PMC5457291 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We prove the hitherto hypothesized sequential dissociation of Fe(CO)5 in the gas phase upon photoexcitation at 266 nm via a singlet pathway with time-resolved valence and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy with an x-ray free-electron laser. Valence photoelectron spectra are used to identify free CO molecules and to determine the time constants of stepwise dissociation to Fe(CO)4 within the temporal resolution of the experiment and further to Fe(CO)3 within 3 ps. Fe 3p core-level photoelectron spectra directly reflect the singlet spin state of the Fe center in Fe(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, and Fe(CO)3 showing that the dissociation exclusively occurs along a singlet pathway without triplet-state contribution. Our results are important for assessing intra- and intermolecular relaxation processes in the photodissociation dynamics of the prototypical Fe(CO)5 complex in the gas phase and in solution, and they establish time-resolved core-level photoelectron spectroscopy as a powerful tool for determining the multiplicity of transition metals in photochemical reactions of coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Leitner
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Josefsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - P S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Schröder
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Beye
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Kunnus
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schreck
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Radcliffe
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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139
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Ischenko AA, Weber PM, Miller RJD. Capturing Chemistry in Action with Electrons: Realization of Atomically Resolved Reaction Dynamics. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11066-11124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A. Ischenko
- Institute
of Fine Chemical Technologies, Moscow Technological University, Vernadskogo
86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, 02912 Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - R. J. Dwayne Miller
- The Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George, M5S 3H6 Toronto, Canada
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140
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Fundamental Limits on Spatial Resolution in Ultrafast X-ray Diffraction. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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141
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Molecular Dynamics of XFEL-Induced Photo-Dissociation, Revealed by Ion-Ion Coincidence Measurements. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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142
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143
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Lackner F, Chatterley AS, Pemmaraju CD, Closser KD, Prendergast D, Neumark DM, Leone SR, Gessner O. Direct observation of ring-opening dynamics in strong-field ionized selenophene using femtosecond inner-shell absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:234313. [PMID: 28010094 DOI: 10.1063/1.4972258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond extreme ultraviolet transient absorption spectroscopy is used to explore strong-field ionization induced dynamics in selenophene (C4H4Se). The dynamics are monitored in real-time from the viewpoint of the Se atom by recording the temporal evolution of element-specific spectral features near the Se 3d inner-shell absorption edge (∼58 eV). The interpretation of the experimental results is supported by first-principles time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The experiments simultaneously capture the instantaneous population of stable molecular ions, the emergence and decay of excited cation states, and the appearance of atomic fragments. The experiments reveal, in particular, insight into the strong-field induced ring-opening dynamics in the selenophene cation, which are traced by the emergence of non-cyclic molecules as well as the liberation of Se+ ions within an overall time scale of approximately 170 fs. We propose that both products may be associated with dynamics on the same electronic surfaces but with different degrees of vibrational excitation. The time-dependent inner-shell absorption features provide direct evidence for a complex relaxation mechanism that may be approximated by a two-step model, whereby the initially prepared, excited cyclic cation decays within τ1 = 80 ± 30 fs into a transient molecular species, which then gives rise to the emergence of bare Se+ and ring-open cations within an additional τ2 = 80 ± 30 fs. The combined experimental and theoretical results suggest a close relationship between σ* excited cation states and the observed ring-opening reactions. The findings demonstrate that the combination of femtosecond time-resolved core-level spectroscopy with ab initio estimates of spectroscopic signatures provide new insights into complex, ultrafast photochemical reactions such as ring-opening dynamics in organic molecules in real-time and with simultaneous sensitivity for electronic and structural rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lackner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C D Pemmaraju
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kristina D Closser
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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144
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Wolter B, Pullen MG, Le AT, Baudisch M, Doblhoff-Dier K, Senftleben A, Hemmer M, Schröter CD, Ullrich J, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Gräfe S, Vendrell O, Lin CD, Biegert J. Ultrafast electron diffraction imaging of bond breaking in di-ionized acetylene. Science 2017; 354:308-312. [PMID: 27846561 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing chemical reactions as they occur requires atomic spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. Here, we report imaging of the molecular structure of acetylene (C2H2) 9 femtoseconds after ionization. Using mid-infrared laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED), we obtained snapshots as a proton departs the [C2H2]2+ ion. By introducing an additional laser field, we also demonstrate control over the ultrafast dissociation process and resolve different bond dynamics for molecules oriented parallel versus perpendicular to the LIED field. These measurements are in excellent agreement with a quantum chemical description of field-dressed molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wolter
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M G Pullen
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A-T Le
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-2604, USA
| | - M Baudisch
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Doblhoff-Dier
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A Senftleben
- Universität Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - M Hemmer
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C D Schröter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Gräfe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - O Vendrell
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C D Lin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-2604, USA
| | - J Biegert
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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145
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne Sension
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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146
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Attar AR, Bhattacherjee A, Pemmaraju CD, Schnorr K, Closser KD, Prendergast D, Leone SR. Femtosecond x-ray spectroscopy of an electrocyclic ring-opening reaction. Science 2017; 356:54-59. [PMID: 28386006 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaj2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast light-activated electrocyclic ring-opening reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene is a fundamental prototype of photochemical pericyclic reactions. Generally, these reactions are thought to proceed through an intermediate excited-state minimum (the so-called pericyclic minimum), which leads to isomerization via nonadiabatic relaxation to the ground state of the photoproduct. Here, we used femtosecond (fs) soft x-ray spectroscopy near the carbon K-edge (~284 electron volts) on a tabletop apparatus to directly reveal the valence electronic structure of this transient intermediate state. The core-to-valence spectroscopic signature of the pericyclic minimum observed in the experiment was characterized, in combination with time-dependent density functional theory calculations, to reveal overlap and mixing of the frontier valence orbital energy levels. We show that this transient valence electronic structure arises within 60 ± 20 fs after ultraviolet photoexcitation and decays with a time constant of 110 ± 60 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Attar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aditi Bhattacherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C D Pemmaraju
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Theory Institute for Materials and Energy Spectroscopies, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kirsten Schnorr
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kristina D Closser
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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147
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Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray diffraction provides direct information on three-dimensional structures of reacting molecules and thus can be used to elucidate structural dynamics of chemical and biological reactions. In this review, we discuss time-resolved X-ray diffraction on small molecules and proteins with particular emphasis on its application to crystalline (crystallography) and liquid-solution (liquidography) samples. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction has been used to study picosecond and slower dynamics at synchrotrons and can now access even femtosecond dynamics with the recent arrival of X-ray free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Ki
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea; , , .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Key Young Oang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea; , , .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea;
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea; , , .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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148
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Ishida T, Nanbu S, Nakamura H. Clarification of nonadiabatic chemical dynamics by the Zhu-Nakamura theory of nonadiabatic transition: from tri-atomic systems to reactions in solutions. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1293399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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149
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Ohta A, Kobayashi O, Danielache SO, Nanbu S. Nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics with PME-ONIOM scheme of photoisomerization reaction between 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,3,5-cis-hexatriene in solution phase. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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150
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Szczepaniak M, Moc J. Anomerization reaction of bare and microhydrated d-erythrose via explicitly correlated coupled cluster approach. Two water molecules are optimal. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:288-303. [PMID: 27896831 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive benchmark computational study which has explored a complete path of the anomerization reaction of bare d-erythrose involving a pair of the low-energy α- and β-furanose anomers, the former of which was observed spectroscopically (Cabezas et al., Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 10826). We find that the ring opening of the α-anomer yields the most stable open-chain tautomer which step is followed by the rotational interconversion of the open-chain rotamers and final ring closing to form the β-anomer. Our results indicate the flatness of the reaction's potential energy surface (PES) corresponding to the rotational interconversion path and its sensitivity to the computational level. By using the explicitly correlated coupled cluster CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 energies, we determine the free energy barrier for the α-furanose ring-opening (rate-determining) step as 170.3 kJ/mol. The question of the number of water molecules (n) needed for optimal stabilization of the erythrose anomerization reaction rate-determining transition state is addressed by a systematic exploration of the PES of the ring opening in the α-anomer-(H2 O)n and various β-anomer-(H2 O)n (n = 1-3) clusters using density functional and CCSD(T)-F12 computations. These computations suggest the lowest free energy barrier of the ring opening for doubly hydrated α-anomer, achieved by a mechanism that involves water-mediated multiple proton transfer coupled with the furanose CO bond breakage. Among the methods used, the G4 performed best against the CCSD(T)-F12 reference at estimating the ring-opening barrier heights for both the hydrated and bare erythrose conformers. Our results for the hydrated species are most relevant to an experimental study of the anomerization reaction of d-erythrose to be carried out in microsolvation environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szczepaniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Jerzy Moc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
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