101
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Litvinyuk IV, Lee KF, Dooley PW, Rayner DM, Villeneuve DM, Corkum PB. Alignment-dependent strong field ionization of molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:233003. [PMID: 12857255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.233003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method to measure strong field laser ionization of aligned molecules. The method employs a macroscopic field-free dynamic alignment, which occurs during revivals of rotational wave packets produced by a femtosecond laser pulse. We investigate the dependence of strong field ionization of N2 on molecular orientation. We determine that N2 molecules are four times more likely to ionize when aligned parallel to the field than when aligned perpendicular to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Litvinyuk
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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102
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Hafizi B, Sprangle P, Peñano JR, Gordon DF. Electron distribution function in short-pulse photoionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:056407. [PMID: 12786287 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.056407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two well-known limiting regimes of photoionization, when a laser beam interacts with a gas, correspond to the tunneling and the multiphoton processes. The latter dominates in the low-intensity regime, while the former is appropriate at higher intensities. Electrons are born with negligible velocity in tunneling ionization, while in l-photon ionization they are born with a fixed energy determined by l, the photon energy and the ionization potential of the molecule. The transport equation for the distribution function of electrons can be integrated along the characteristics defined by the classical equations of motion in the laser field. Expressions for the distribution function have been obtained in the two regimes using the appropriate analytical form for the ionization rate. Results from two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and illustrative plots of the distribution function are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hafizi
- Icarus Research, Inc., P.O. Box 30780, Bethesda, MD 20824-0780, USA
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103
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Sprangle P, Peñano JR, Hafizi B. Propagation of intense short laser pulses in the atmosphere. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:046418. [PMID: 12443341 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.046418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of short, intense laser pulses in the atmosphere is investigated theoretically and numerically. A set of three-dimensional (3D), nonlinear propagation equations is derived, which includes the effects of dispersion, nonlinear self-focusing, stimulated molecular Raman scattering, multiphoton and tunneling ionization, energy depletion due to ionization, relativistic focusing, and ponderomotively excited plasma wakefields. The instantaneous frequency spread along a laser pulse in air, which develops due to various nonlinear effects, is analyzed and discussed. Coupled equations for the power, spot size, and electron density are derived for an intense ionizing laser pulse. From these equations we obtain an equilibrium for a single optical-plasma filament, which involves a balancing between diffraction, nonlinear self-focusing, and plasma defocusing. The equilibrium is shown to require a specific distribution of power along the filament. It is found that in the presence of ionization a self-guided optical filament is not realizable. A method for generating a remote spark in the atmosphere is proposed, which utilizes the dispersive and nonlinear properties of air to cause a low-intensity chirped laser pulse to compress both longitudinally and transversely. For optimally chosen parameters, we find that the transverse and longitudinal focal lengths can be made to coincide, resulting in rapid intensity increase, ionization, and white light generation in a localized region far from the source. Coupled equations for the laser spot size and pulse duration are derived, which can describe the focusing and compression process in the low-intensity regime. More general examples involving beam focusing, compression, ionization, and white light generation near the focal region are studied by numerically solving the full set of 3D, nonlinear propagation equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sprangle
- Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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104
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Andreev NE, Nishida Y, Yugami N. Propagation of short intense laser pulses in gas-filled capillaries. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:056407. [PMID: 12059715 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.056407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The guided laser pulse propagation and wake-field generation are studied in a wide (in comparison with the laser spot size) gas-filled capillary with an on-axis gas density depletion, which can be produced by a rapid spin of the capillary around its axis or by radially propagating shock waves generated in a piezoceramic tube. A single equation for the wake-field potential, which describes the fully relativistic plasma response in the presence of optical field ionization (OFI) of a gas, is derived and used to demonstrate a guided propagation of a short intense laser pulse over many Rayleigh lengths in a leaky plasma channel produced by the pulse due to OFI in the capillary filled with a radially inhomogeneous gas. The efficient generation of a regular wake field over long distances suitable for the laser wake-field accelerators is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Andreev
- Institute for High Energy Densities, Associated Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow 127412, Russia.
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105
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Itatani J, Quéré F, Yudin GL, Ivanov MY, Krausz F, Corkum PB. Attosecond streak camera. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:173903. [PMID: 12005756 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.173903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An electron generated by x-ray photoionization can be deflected by a strong laser field. Its energy and angular distribution depends on the phase of the laser field at the time of ionization. This phase dependence can be used to measure the duration and chirp of single sub100-attosecond x-ray pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Itatani
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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106
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Yang H, Zhang J, Yu W, Li YJ, Wei ZY. Long plasma channels generated by femtosecond laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:016406. [PMID: 11800789 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.016406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2000] [Revised: 06/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Generation of a long plasma channel by femtosecond laser pulses is investigated. The results show that the balance between the nonlinear self-focusing of the laser beam and plasma defocusing forms a long plasma channel, which guides the laser beam to propagate a long distance in air. This phenomenon can be used to trigger lightning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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107
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Gordon DF, Hafizi B, Sprangle P, Hubbard RF, Peñano JR, Mori WB. Seeding of the forward Raman instability by ionization fronts and Raman backscatter. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:046404. [PMID: 11690153 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.046404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2001] [Revised: 06/28/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator utilizes the forward Raman instability to drive a large-amplitude plasma wave. The effectiveness of this process could depend on how it competes with other processes such as self-focusing and cavitation, or other instabilities such as filamentation and hosing. The relative timing between the various processes is dependent on the nature of the seed for each instability. Both ionization fronts and Raman backscatter are capable of seeding the forward Raman instability. This causes the forward Raman instability to emerge much earlier than would otherwise be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Gordon
- Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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108
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Ter-Avetisyan S, Schnürer M, Stiel H, Vogt U, Radloff W, Karpov W, Sandner W, Nickles PV. Absolute extreme ultraviolet yield from femtosecond-laser-excited Xe clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:036404. [PMID: 11580451 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.036404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2000] [Revised: 04/26/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Large Xe clusters (10(5)-10(6) atoms per cluster) have been irradiated with ultrashort (50 fs) and high-intensity ( approximately 2 x 10(18) W/cm(2)) pulses from a Ti:sapphire multi-TW laser at 800 nm wavelength. Scaling and absolute yield measurements of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission in a wavelength range between 7 and 15 nm in combination with cluster target characterization have been used for yield optimization. Maximum emission as a function of the backing pressure and a spatial emission anisotropy covering a factor of two at optimized yields is discussed with a simple model of the source geometry and EUV-radiation absorption. Circularly polarized laser light instead of linear polarization results in a factor of 2.5 higher emission in the 11 to 15 nm wavelength range. This indicates the initial influence of optical-field ionization for the interaction parameter range used and contrasts to collisional heating that seems to influence preferentially higher ionization. Absolute emission efficiency at 13.4 nm of up to 0.5% in 2pi sr and 2.2% bandwidth has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ter-Avetisyan
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Institute for Physical Research, Ashtarak-2, 378410, Armenia
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109
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Andreev NE, Courtois C, Cros B, Gorbunov LM, Matthieussent G. Nonlinear propagation of short intense laser pulses in a hollow metallic waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:016404. [PMID: 11461407 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.016404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of a short intense laser pulse in the femtosecond range in a hollow metallic waveguide gives rise to heating of the metallic wall. The temperature of the degenerate electron gas in the wall is increased during the pulse duration and this heating affects the propagation and dissipation of the laser pulse. Analytical and numerical analysis shows that, as the dissipation is increased, the leading edge of the pulse decreases more slowly than the rear, resulting in a pulse shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Andreev
- Institute for High Energy Densities, Associated Institute for High Temperatures of RAS, Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow 127412, Russia
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110
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Chung HS, Zhao BS, Lee SH, Hwang S, Cho K, Shim SH, Lim SM, Kang WK, Chung DS. Molecular lens applied to benzene and carbon disulfide molecular beams. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1367380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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111
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Sebban S, Haroutunian R, Balcou P, Grillon G, Rousse A, Kazamias S, Marin T, Rousseau JP, Notebaert L, Pittman M, Chambaret JP, Antonetti A, Hulin D, Ros D, Klisnick A, Carillon A, Jaeglé P, Jamelot G, Wyart JF. Saturated amplification of a collisionally pumped optical-field-ionization soft X-ray laser at 41.8 nm. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:3004-3007. [PMID: 11290093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the first saturated amplification of an optical-field-ionization soft x-ray laser. The amplifying medium is generated by focusing a circularly polarized 330-mJ, 35-fs, 10-Hz Ti:sapphire laser system in a few-mm cell filled with xenon. A gain of 67 cm(-1) on the 4d(9)5p-4d(9)5d transition at 41.8 nm in Pd-like xenon and a gain-length product of 15 have been inferred at saturation. This source delivers about 5 x 10(9) photons per pulse. The influence of the pumping energy and the laser polarization on the lasing output are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sebban
- Laboratoire d' Optique Appliquée, ENSTA/Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7639, Palaiseau, France
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112
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Drescher M, Hentschel M, Kienberger R, Tempea G, Spielmann C, Reider GA, Corkum PB, Krausz F. X-ray pulses approaching the attosecond frontier. Science 2001; 291:1923-7. [PMID: 11239146 DOI: 10.1126/science.1058561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Single soft-x-ray pulses of approximately 90-electron volt (eV) photon energy are produced by high-order harmonic generation with 7-femtosecond (fs), 770-nanometer (1.6 eV) laser pulses and are characterized by photoionizing krypton in the presence of the driver laser pulse. By detecting photoelectrons ejected perpendicularly to the laser polarization, broadening of the photoelectron spectrum due to absorption and emission of laser photons is suppressed, permitting the observation of a laser-induced downshift of the energy spectrum with sub-laser-cycle resolution in a cross correlation measurement. We measure isolated x-ray pulses of 1.8 (+0.7/-1.2) fs in duration, which are shorter than the oscillation cycle of the driving laser light (2.6 fs). Our techniques for generation and measurement offer sub-femtosecond resolution over a wide range of x-ray wavelengths, paving the way to experimental attosecond science. Tracing atomic processes evolving faster than the exciting light field is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drescher
- Institut für Photonik, Technische Universität Wien, Gusshausstr. 27, A-1040 Wien, Austria
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113
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Hulin S, Auguste T, D'Oliveira P, Monot P, Jacquemot S, Bonnet L, Lefebvre E. Soft-x-ray laser scheme in a plasma created by optical-field-induced ionization of nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 61:5693-700. [PMID: 11031628 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An x-ray laser scheme based on the recombination of a fully stripped nitrogen plasma is presented. Plasma is assumed to be created by the optical-field ionization of a nitrogen gas jet of 10(19) cm-3 atomic density by an ultrashort (60 fs), high-intensity (3 x 10(19) W/cm2) Ti:sapphire laser. Results of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, modeling laser-plasma interaction, parametric heating, and ponderomotive effects are presented. Hydrodynamic and kinetics calculations are performed and predict important local gain for H-like nitrogen transitions at 25 and 134 A, following fast collisional recombination for specific plasma conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hulin
- DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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114
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Kawata I, Kono H. Dual transformation for wave packet dynamics: Application to Coulomb systems. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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115
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Levis RJ, DeWitt MJ. Photoexcitation, Ionization, and Dissociation of Molecules Using Intense Near-Infrared Radiation of Femtosecond Duration. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984543v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Levis
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Merrick J. DeWitt
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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116
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Kawata I, Kono H, Fujimura Y. Adiabatic and diabatic responses of H2+ to an intense femtosecond laser pulse: Dynamics of the electronic and nuclear wave packet. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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117
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DeWitt MJ, Levis RJ. Concerning the ionization of large polyatomic molecules with intense ultrafast lasers. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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118
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De Wispelaere E, Malka V, Hüller S, Amiranoff F, Baton S, Bonadio R, Casanova M, Dorchies F, Haroutunian R, Modena A. Formation of plasma channels in the interaction of a nanosecond laser pulse at moderate intensities with helium gas jets. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 59:7110-20. [PMID: 11969699 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.59.7110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/1998] [Revised: 01/28/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on a detailed study of channel formation in the interaction of a nanosecond laser pulse with a He gas jet. A complete set of diagnostics is used in order to characterize the plasma precisely. The evolution of the plasma radius and of the electron density and temperature are measured by Thomson scattering, Schlieren imaging, and Mach-Zehnder interferometry. In gas jets, one observes the formation of a channel with a deep density depletion on axis. Because of ionization-induced defocusing which increases the size of the focal spot and decreases the maximum laser intensity, no channel is observed in the case of a gas-filled chamber. The results obtained in various gas-jet and laser conditions show that the channel radius, as well as the density along the propagation axis, can be adjusted by changing the laser energy and gas-jet pressure. This is a crucial issue when one wants to adapt the channel parameters in order to guide a subsequent high-intensity laser pulse. The experimental results and their comparison with one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations show that the main mechanism for channel formation is the hydrodynamic evolution behind a supersonic electron heat wave propagating radially in the plasma. It is also shown from 2D simulations that a fraction of the long pulse can be self-guided in the channel it creates. The preliminary results and analyses on this subject have been published before [V. Malka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2979 (1997)].
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Wispelaere
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Unité mixte No. 7605, CNRS-CEA-Ecole, Polytechnique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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119
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Witte K, Basko M, Baumhacker H, Böswald A, Eidmann K, Fedosejevs R, Fill E, Kondrashov V, Kendl A, Löwer T, Li Y, Lu P, Meyer-ter-Vehn J, Pretzler G, Saemann A, Sigel R, Tsakiris G, Wang X, Benuzzi A, Faral B, Chenais-Popovics C, Koenig M, Merdji H, Batani D, Beretta D, Danson C, Hall T. Experiments with ASTERIX and ATLAS. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(98)00367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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120
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Becker W, Lohr A, Kleber M. Light at the end of the tunnel: two- and three-step models in intense-field laser-atom physics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/1355-5111/7/3/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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121
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Popov VS. On the history of developing the theory of tunneling ionization in atoms and ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.3367/ufnr.0169.199907l.0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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122
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Delone N, Krainov V. Tunneling and barrier-suppression ionization of atoms and ions in a laser radiation field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.3367/ufnr.0168.199805c.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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123
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Abstract
Strong field atomic and molecular interactions can be understood by following electronic dynamics inside the laser cycle. This quasistatic perspective introduces the subfemtosecond time scale into strong-field dynamics through time-dependent Born-Oppenheimer surfaces. We discuss both theoretical and experimental results in atomic and molecular ionization and dissociation with applications to femtochemistry. An all-optical Coulomb explosion method for determining time-dependent molecular structure and properties is demonstrated. The concept of time-dependent Born-Oppenheimer surfaces is used to study molecular dissociation and exchange reactions in infrared fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Corkum
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, M-23A Montreal Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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124
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Conjusteau A, Bandrauk AD, Corkum PB. Barrier suppression in high intensity photodissociation of diatomics: Electronic and permanent dipole moment effects. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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125
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Pretzler G, Fill EE. X rays from optical-field ionized plasmas at low density. OPTICS LETTERS 1997; 22:733-735. [PMID: 18185644 DOI: 10.1364/ol.22.000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present results of an experiment in which x rays from an optical-field ionized plasma are generated under well-controlled conditions in a low-pressure gas cell. In this way high-density effects such as electron heating, collisional ionization, and ionization defocusing are avoided. Using N(2) as the medium, we show that many features of the soft-x-ray emission follow theoretical predictions. In particular, higher x-ray intensity is observed on most lines for circularly than for linearly polarized light. However, several Li-like lines show anomalously strong emission for linear polarization. Mechanisms that may be responsible for this effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pretzler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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126
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Walker B, Sheehy B, Kulander KC, DiMauro LF. Elastic Rescattering in the Strong Field Tunneling Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:5031-5034. [PMID: 10062697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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127
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Matusek DR, Wright JS. Exchange reactions in intense infrared laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:5159-5170. [PMID: 9914086 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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128
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Dietrich P, Ivanov MY, Ilkov FA, Corkum PB. Two-Electron Dissociative Ionization of H2 and D2 in Infrared Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:4150-4153. [PMID: 10062461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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129
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Schumacher DW, Bucksbaum PH. Phase dependence of intense-field ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:4271-4278. [PMID: 9913977 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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130
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Yu H, Zuo T, Bandrauk AD. Molecules in intense laser fields: Enhanced ionization in a one-dimensional model of H2. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:3290-3298. [PMID: 9913851 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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131
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Zuo T, Bandrauk AD. Phase control of molecular ionization: H2 + and H3 2+ in intense two-color laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:3254-3260. [PMID: 9913847 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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132
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Thachuk M, Ivanov MY, Wardlaw DM. A semiclassical approach to intense‐field above‐threshold dissociation in the long wavelength limit. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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133
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Rottke H, Ludwig J, Sandner W. H2 and D2 in intense sub-picosecond laser pulses: Photoelectron spectroscopy at 1053 and 527 nm. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:2224-2237. [PMID: 9913715 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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134
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Ivanov MY, Brabec T, Burnett N. Coulomb corrections and polarization effects in high-intensity high-harmonic emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:742-745. [PMID: 9913532 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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135
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Ivanov M, Matusek D, Wright J. Altered reaction dynamics: lowered barriers and bound states induced by intense infrared laser fields. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Anderson D, Kim AV, Lisak M, Mironov VA, Sergeev AM, Stenflo L. Self-sustained plasma waveguide structures produced by ionizing laser radiation in a dense gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 52:4564-4567. [PMID: 9963939 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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137
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Hooker SM, Harris SE. Femtosecond-pulse-driven electron-excited extreme-ultraviolet lasers in Be-like ions. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:1994-1996. [PMID: 19862228 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A suggestion for the generation of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) laser radiation based on tunneling ionization and subsequent electron excitation of Deltan not equal 0 transitions is described. The favorable scaling of the required intensity of the pump laser with the output XUV wavelength is compared with that exhibited by XUV lasers ased on Deltan = 0 transitions. Calculations for Be-like Ne predict signif icant gain at 14.1 nm.
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Zuo T, Bandrauk AD. Charge-resonance-enhanced ionization of diatomic molecular ions by intense lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:R2511-R2514. [PMID: 9912637 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.r2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Chichkov BN, Egbert A, Eichmann H, Momma C, Nolte S, Wellegehausen B. Soft-x-ray lasing to the ground states in low-charged oxygen ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:1629-1639. [PMID: 9912403 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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140
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Aeschlimann M, Schmuttenmaer CA, Elsayed‐Ali HE, Miller RJD, Cao J, Gao Y, Mantell DA. Observation of surface enhanced multiphoton photoemission from metal surfaces in the short pulse limit. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fill E, Borgström S, Larsson J, Starczewski T, Wahlström C, Svanberg S. xuv spectra of optical-field-ionized plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 51:6016-6027. [PMID: 9963341 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.51.6016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hartemann FV, Fochs SN, Luhmann NC, Woodworth JG, Perry MD, Chen YJ, Kerman AK. Nonlinear ponderomotive scattering of relativistic electrons by an intense laser field at focus. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 51:4833-4843. [PMID: 9963196 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.51.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ivanov M, Corkum PB, Zuo T, Bandrauk A. Routes to control of intense-field atomic polarizability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:2933-2936. [PMID: 10058061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Donnelly TD, Lee RW, Falcone RW. Dynamics of optical-field-ionized plasmas for x-ray lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:R2691-R2694. [PMID: 9911997 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.r2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Themelis SI, Nicolaides CA. Field-induced tunneling rates, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities for low-lying excited states of Li and Na. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:2801-2807. [PMID: 9911911 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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146
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Moore CI, Knauer JP, Meyerhofer DD. Observation of the transition from thomson to Compton scattering in multiphoton interactions with low-energy electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:2439-2442. [PMID: 10057928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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147
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Lemoff BE, Yin GY, Gordon CL, Barty CP, Harris SE. Demonstration of a 10-Hz, femtosecond-pulse-driven XUV laser at 41.8 nm in Xe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:1574-1577. [PMID: 10059063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Trainham R, Muller HG. Above-threshold ionization of cesium by 1.9- microm light. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:R898-R901. [PMID: 9911778 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.r898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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149
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Lerner PB, Cohen JS. Formation of hot electrons in noble gases by intense-field ionization: A quasistatic tunneling, independent-electron model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:1464-1470. [PMID: 9911732 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Watanabe S, Kondo K, Nabekawa Y, Sagisaka A, Kobayashi Y. Two-color phase control in tunneling ionization and harmonic generation by a strong laser field and its third harmonic. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:2692-2695. [PMID: 10057168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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