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Han GW, Schwarzenbacher R, Page R, Jaroszewski L, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Ouyang J, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Zagnitko O, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase from Anabaena sp. at 1.70 A resolution reveals a noncovalently linked PLP cofactor. Proteins 2006; 58:971-5. [PMID: 15657930 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gye Won Han
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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102
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DiDonato M, Krishna SS, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Jaroszewski L, Miller MD, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Feuerhelm J, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (TM0604) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.60 A resolution. Proteins 2006; 63:256-60. [PMID: 16435371 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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103
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Arndt JW, Chai Q, Christian T, Stevens RC. Structure of botulinum neurotoxin type D light chain at 1.65 A resolution: repercussions for VAMP-2 substrate specificity. Biochemistry 2006; 45:3255-62. [PMID: 16519520 DOI: 10.1021/bi052518r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The seven serotypes (A-G) of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) function through their proteolytic cleavage of one of three proteins (SNAP-25, Syntaxin, and VAMP) that form the SNARE complex required for synaptic vesicle fusion. The different BoNTs have very specific protease recognition requirements, between 15 and 50 amino acids in length depending on the serotype. However, the structural details involved in substrate recognition remain largely unknown. Here is reported the 1.65 A resolution crystal structure of the catalytic domain of BoNT serotype D (BoNT/D-LC), providing insight into the protein-protein binding interaction and final proteolysis of VAMP-2. Structural analysis has identified a hydrophobic pocket potentially involved in substrate recognition of the P1' VAMP residue (Leu 60) and a second remote site for recognition of the V1 SNARE motif that is critical for activity. A structural comparison of BoNT/D-LC with BoNT/F-LC that also recognizes VAMP-2 one residue away from the BoNT/D-LC site provides additional molecular details about the unique serotype specific activities. In particular, BoNT/D prefers a hydrophobic interaction for the V1 motif of VAMP-2, while BoNT/F adopts a more hydrophilic strategy for recognition of the same V1 motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Arndt
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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104
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Rife C, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of the global regulatory protein CsrA from Pseudomonas putida at 2.05 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 61:449-53. [PMID: 16104018 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rife
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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105
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Xu Q, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, White A, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of virulence factor CJ0248 from Campylobacter jejuni at 2.25 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 62:292-6. [PMID: 16287129 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xu
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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106
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Rife C, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a putative modulator of DNA gyrase (pmbA) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.95 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 61:444-8. [PMID: 16104019 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rife
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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107
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Klock HE, Schwarzenbacher R, Xu Q, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a conserved hypothetical protein (gi: 13879369) from Mouse at 1.90 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 61:1132-6. [PMID: 16224779 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heath E Klock
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Calirornia, USA
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108
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Levin I, Miller MD, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Cambell J, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Morse A, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Reyes R, Robb A, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Zagnitko O, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an indigoidine synthase A (IndA)-like protein (TM1464) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.90 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 59:864-8. [PMID: 15822122 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Levin
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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109
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Han GW, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an Apo mRNA decapping enzyme (DcpS) from Mouse at 1.83 A resolution. Proteins 2006; 60:797-802. [PMID: 16001405 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gye Won Han
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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110
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Wu LL, Xu W, Bachman M, Li GP. Droplet screens in nanovolumes using static conditions. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2006; 2006:2498-2501. [PMID: 17946961 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.260848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic droplet systems have shown great promise in high throughput chemical assays to minimize chemical consumption and increase process efficiency. We report a droplet system that forms nanovolume drops under static conditions. The programmability of drop sizes is determined by geometric configurations and surface tension, and not particularly sensitive to flow rates. The geometry of the device predetermines locations of drops, and thus it is easy to identify the locations of drops and the volumes of the drops within them. Further integration can be made to generate screening assays and utilized in various applications such as crystallization screening and solubility studies. This technology makes hand-operated systems a possibility, since precision control of flow rates is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang L Wu
- Interdisciplinary Mater. Sci. & Eng. Dept., Univ.of CA, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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111
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Chappie JS, Cànaves JM, Han GW, Rife CL, Xu Q, Stevens RC. The structure of a eukaryotic nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase reveals structural heterogeneity among type II PRTases. Structure 2005; 13:1385-96. [PMID: 16154095 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2005.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential cofactor for cellular redox reactions and can act as an important substrate in numerous biological processes. As a result, nature has evolved multiple biosynthetic pathways to meet this high chemical demand. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the NAD salvage pathway relies on the activity of nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRTase), a member of the phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase) superfamily. Here, we report the structure of a eukaryotic (yeast) NAPRTase at 1.75 A resolution (locus name: YOR209C, gene name: NPT1). The structure reveals a two-domain fold that resembles the architecture of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferases (QAPRTases), but with completely different dispositions that provide evidence for structural heterogeneity among the Type II PRTases. The identification of a third domain in NAPRTases provides a structural basis and possible mechanism for the functional modulation of this family of enzymes by ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Chappie
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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112
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Peti W, Page R, Moy K, O'Neil-Johnson M, Wilson IA, Stevens RC, Wüthrich K. Towards miniaturization of a structural genomics pipeline using micro-expression and microcoil NMR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 6:259-67. [PMID: 16283429 DOI: 10.1007/s10969-005-9000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In structural genomics centers, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) screening is in increasing use as a tool to identify folded proteins that are promising targets for three-dimensional structure determination by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. The use of 1D 1H NMR spectra or 2D [1H,15N]-correlation spectroscopy (COSY) typically requires milligram quantities of unlabeled or isotope-labeled protein, respectively. Here, we outline ways towards miniaturization of a structural genomics pipeline with NMR screening for folded globular proteins, using a high-density micro-fermentation device and a microcoil NMR probe. The proteins are micro-expressed in unlabeled or isotope-labeled media, purified, and then subjected to 1D 1H NMR and/or 2D [1H,15N]-COSY screening. To demonstrate that the miniaturization is functioning effectively, we processed nine mouse homologue protein targets and compared the results with those from the "macro-scale" Joint Center of Structural Genomics (JCSG) high-throughput pipeline. The results from the two pipelines were comparable, illustrating that the data were not compromised in the miniaturized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Peti
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and the Joint Center of Structural Genomics, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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113
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Li F, Robinson H, Yeung ES. Automated high-throughput nanoliter-scale protein crystallization screening. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 383:1034-41. [PMID: 16283260 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient method is developed for automated high-throughput screening of nanoliter-scale protein crystallization. The system integrates liquid dispensing, crystallization and detection. The automated liquid dispensing system handles nanoliters of protein and various combinations of precipitants in parallel to access diverse regions of the phase diagram. A new detection scheme, native fluorescence, with complementary visible-light detection is employed for monitoring the progress of crystallization. This detection mode can distinguish protein crystals from inorganic crystals in a nondestructive manner. A gas-permeable membrane covering the microwells simplifies evaporation rate control and probes extended conditions in the phase diagram. The system was successfully demonstrated for the screening of lysozyme crystallization under 81 different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Li
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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114
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Mustelin T, Tautz L, Page R. Structure of the Hematopoietic Tyrosine Phosphatase (HePTP) Catalytic Domain: Structure of a KIM Phosphatase with Phosphate Bound at the Active Site. J Mol Biol 2005; 354:150-63. [PMID: 16226275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP) is a 38kDa class I non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that is strongly expressed in T cells. It is composed of a C-terminal classical PTP domain (residues 44-339) and a short N-terminal extension (residues 1-43) that functions to direct HePTP to its physiological substrates. Moreover, HePTP is a member of a recently identified family of PTPs that has a major role in regulating the activity and translocation of the MAP kinases Erk and p38. HePTP binds Erk and p38 via a short, highly conserved motif in its N terminus, termed the kinase interaction motif (KIM). Association of HePTP with Erk via the KIM results in an unusual, reciprocal interaction between the two proteins. First, Erk phosphorylates HePTP at residues Thr45 and Ser72. Second, HePTP dephosphorylates Erk at PTyr185. In order to gain further insight into the interaction of HePTP with Erk, we determined the structure of the PTP catalytic domain of HePTP, residues 44-339. The HePTP catalytic phosphatase domain displays the classical PTP1B fold and superimposes well with PTP-SL, the first KIM-containing phosphatase solved to high resolution. In contrast to the PTP-SL structure, however, HePTP crystallized with a well-ordered phosphate ion bound at the active site. This resulted in the closure of the catalytically important WPD loop, and thus, HePTP represents the first KIM-containing phosphatase solved in the closed conformation. Finally, using this structure of the HePTP catalytic domain, we show that both the phosphorylation of HePTP at Thr45 and Ser72 by Erk2 and the dephosphorylation of Erk2 at Tyr185 by HePTP require significant conformational changes in both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Mustelin
- Program of Inflammation, The Burnham Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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115
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Yee AA, Savchenko A, Ignachenko A, Lukin J, Xu X, Skarina T, Evdokimova E, Liu CS, Semesi A, Guido V, Edwards AM, Arrowsmith CH. NMR and X-ray Crystallography, Complementary Tools in Structural Proteomics of Small Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:16512-7. [PMID: 16305238 DOI: 10.1021/ja053565+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, the two primary experimental methods for protein structure determination at high resolution, have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of sample preparation and data collection and analysis. It is therefore of interest to assess their complementarity when applied to small proteins. Structural genomics/proteomics projects provide an ideal opportunity to make such comparisons as they generate data in a systematic manner for large enough numbers of proteins to allow firm conclusions to be drawn. Here we report a comparison for 263 unique proteins screened by both NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography in our structural proteomics pipeline. Only 21 targets (8%) were deemed amenable to both methods based on an initial 2D 15N-HSQC NMR spectrum and optimized crystallization trials. However, the use of both methods in the pipeline increased the total number of targets amenable to structure determination to 107, with 43 amenable to NMR only and 43 amenable to X-ray crystallographic methods only. We did not observe a correlation between 15N-HSQC spectral quality and the success of the same protein in crystallization screens. Similar results were found for an independent set of 159 proteins as reported in the accompanying paper by Snyder et al. Thus, we conclude that both methods are highly complementary, and in order to increase the number of proteins suited for structure determination, we suggest that both methods be used in parallel in screening of all small proteins for structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelinda A Yee
- Ontario Centre for Structural Proteomics and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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116
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Jaroszewski L, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of Hsp33 chaperone (TM1394) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.20 Å resolution. Proteins 2005; 61:669-73. [PMID: 16167343 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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117
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Arndt JW, Yu W, Bi F, Stevens RC. Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type G light chain: serotype divergence in substrate recognition. Biochemistry 2005; 44:9574-80. [PMID: 16008342 PMCID: PMC2583140 DOI: 10.1021/bi0505924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The seven serotypes (A-G) of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) block neurotransmitter release through their specific proteolysis of one of the three proteins of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. BoNTs have stringent substrate specificities that are unique for metalloprotease in that they require exceptionally long substrates (1). To understand the molecular reasons for the unique specificities of the BoNTs, we determined the crystal structure of the catalytic light chain (LC) of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G-LC) at 2.35 A resolution. The structure of BoNT/G-LC reveals a C-terminal beta-sheet that is critical for LC oligomerization and is unlike that seen in the other LC structures. Its structural comparison with thermolysin and the available pool of LC structures reveals important serotype differences that are likely to be involved in substrate recognition of the P1' residue. In addition, structural and sequence analyses have identified a potential exosite of BoNT/G-LC that recognizes a SNARE recognition motif of VAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Arndt
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Wayne Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Fay Bi
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Delucas LJ, Hamrick D, Cosenza L, Nagy L, McCombs D, Bray T, Chait A, Stoops B, Belgovskiy A, William Wilson W, Parham M, Chernov N. Protein crystallization: virtual screening and optimization. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 88:285-309. [PMID: 15652246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics have yielded entire genetic sequences for a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. This accumulating information has escalated the demands for three-dimensional protein structure determinations. As a result, high-throughput structural genomics has become a major international research focus. This effort has already led to several significant improvements in X-ray crystallographic and nuclear magnetic resonance methodologies. Crystallography is currently the major contributor to three-dimensional protein structure information. However, the production of soluble, purified protein and diffraction-quality crystals are clearly the major roadblocks preventing the realization of high-throughput structure determination. This paper discusses a novel approach that may improve the efficiency and success rate for protein crystallization. An automated nanodispensing system is used to rapidly prepare crystallization conditions using minimal sample. Proteins are subjected to an incomplete factorial screen (balanced parameter screen), thereby efficiently searching the entire "crystallization space" for suitable conditions. The screen conditions and scored experimental results are subsequently analyzed using a neural network algorithm to predict new conditions likely to yield improved crystals. Results based on a small number of proteins suggest that the combination of a balanced incomplete factorial screen and neural network analysis may provide an efficient method for producing diffraction-quality protein crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Delucas
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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119
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Page R, Moy K, Sims EC, Velasquez J, McManus B, Grittini C, Clayton TL, Stevens RC. Scalable high-throughput micro-expression device for recombinant proteins. Biotechniques 2005; 37:364, 366, 368 passim. [PMID: 15470889 DOI: 10.2144/04373bm05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Page
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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120
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Pusey ML, Liu ZJ, Tempel W, Praissman J, Lin D, Wang BC, Gavira JA, Ng JD. Life in the fast lane for protein crystallization and X-ray crystallography. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 88:359-86. [PMID: 15652250 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The common goal for structural genomic centers and consortiums is to decipher as quickly as possible the three-dimensional structures for a multitude of recombinant proteins derived from known genomic sequences. Since X-ray crystallography is the foremost method to acquire atomic resolution for macromolecules, the limiting step is obtaining protein crystals that can be useful of structure determination. High-throughput methods have been developed in recent years to clone, express, purify, crystallize and determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein gene product rapidly using automated devices, commercialized kits and consolidated protocols. However, the average number of protein structures obtained for most structural genomic groups has been very low compared to the total number of proteins purified. As more entire genomic sequences are obtained for different organisms from the three kingdoms of life, only the proteins that can be crystallized and whose structures can be obtained easily are studied. Consequently, an astonishing number of genomic proteins remain unexamined. In the era of high-throughput processes, traditional methods in molecular biology, protein chemistry and crystallization are eclipsed by automation and pipeline practices. The necessity for high-rate production of protein crystals and structures has prevented the usage of more intellectual strategies and creative approaches in experimental executions. Fundamental principles and personal experiences in protein chemistry and crystallization are minimally exploited only to obtain "low-hanging fruit" protein structures. We review the practical aspects of today's high-throughput manipulations and discuss the challenges in fast pace protein crystallization and tools for crystallography. Structural genomic pipelines can be improved with information gained from low-throughput tactics that may help us reach the higher-bearing fruits. Examples of recent developments in this area are reported from the efforts of the Southeast Collaboratory for Structural Genomics (SECSG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Pusey
- Biophysics SD48, NASA/MSFC Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
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121
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Mathews I, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Ouyang J, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase (QueA) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.0 Å resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2005; 59:869-74. [PMID: 15822125 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irimpan Mathews
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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122
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Spraggon G, Pantazatos D, Klock HE, Wilson IA, Woods VL, Lesley SA. On the use of DXMS to produce more crystallizable proteins: structures of the T. maritima proteins TM0160 and TM1171. Protein Sci 2005; 13:3187-99. [PMID: 15557262 PMCID: PMC2287321 DOI: 10.1110/ps.04939904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The structure of two Thermotoga maritima proteins, a conserved hypothetical protein (TM0160) and a transcriptional regulator (TM1171), have now been determined at 1.9 A and 2.3 A resolution, respectively, as part of a large-scale structural genomics project. Our first efforts to crystallize full-length versions of these targets were unsuccessful. However, analysis of the recombinant purified proteins using the technique of enhanced amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectroscopy (DXMS) revealed substantial regions of rapid amide deuterium hydrogen exchange, consistent with flexible regions of the structures. Based on these exchange data, truncations were designed to selectively remove the disordered C-terminal regions, and the resulting daughter proteins showed greatly enhanced crystallizability. Comparative DXMS analysis of full-length protein versus truncated forms demonstrated complete and exact preservation of the exchange rate profiles in the retained sequence, indicative of conservation of the native folded structure. This study presents the first structures produced with the aid of the DXMS method for salvaging intractable crystallization targets. The structure of TM0160 represents a new fold and highlights the use of this approach where any prior structural knowledge is absent. The structure of TM1171 represents an example where the lack of a substrate/cofactor may impair crystallization. The details of both structures are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Spraggon
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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123
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Miller MD, Schwarzenbacher R, von Delft F, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Cambell J, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a tandem cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) domain protein (TM0935) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.87 A resolution. Proteins 2005; 57:213-7. [PMID: 15326606 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Miller
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park California, USA
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124
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Xu Q, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Reyes R, Robb A, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, White A, Wolf G, Zagnitko O, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a formiminotetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase (TM1560) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.80 Å resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2005; 58:976-81. [PMID: 15651027 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xu
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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125
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Arndt JW, Schwarzenbacher R, Page R, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Jaroszewski L, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Ouyang J, Peti WS, Quijano K, Reyes R, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Zagnitko O, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an α/β serine hydrolase (YDR428C) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 1.85 Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 58:755-8. [PMID: 15624212 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Arndt
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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126
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McMullan D, Schwarzenbacher R, Jaroszewski L, von Delft F, Klock HE, Vincent J, Quijano K, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshaghi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Karlak C, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Levin I, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Reyes R, Rezezadeh F, Robb A, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a novel Thermotoga maritima enzyme (TM1112) from the cupin family at 1.83 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:615-8. [PMID: 15229894 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel McMullan
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, San Diego, California, USA
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127
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Jaroszewski L, Schwarzenbacher R, von Delft F, McMullan D, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Levin I, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rezezadeh F, Robb A, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a novel manganese-containing cupin (TM1459) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.65 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:611-4. [PMID: 15229893 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Jaroszewski
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California, USA
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128
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Levin I, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Cambell J, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Reyes R, Robb A, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a putative NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase (GI: 18204011) from mouse at 2.10 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:629-33. [PMID: 15229897 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Levin
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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129
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Xu Q, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, von Delft F, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Dai X, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a ribose-5-phosphate isomerase RpiB (TM1080) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.90 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:171-5. [PMID: 15162497 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xu
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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130
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Santelli E, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Cambell J, Dai X, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Rezezadeh F, Robb A, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD) from Thermotoga maritima (TM1621) at 1.60 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:167-70. [PMID: 15162496 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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131
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Canaves JM, Page R, Wilson IA, Stevens RC. Protein Biophysical Properties that Correlate with Crystallization Success in Thermotoga maritima: Maximum Clustering Strategy for Structural Genomics. J Mol Biol 2004; 344:977-91. [PMID: 15544807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Revised: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cost and time reduction are two of the driving forces in the development of new strategies for protein crystallization and subsequent structure determination. Here, we report the analysis of the Thermotoga maritima proteome, in which we compare the proteins that were successfully expressed, purified and crystallized versus the rest of the proteome. This set of almost 500 proteins represents one of the largest, internally consistent, protein expression and crystallization datasets available. The analysis shows that individual parameters, such as isoelectric point, sequence length, average hydropathy, low complexity regions (SEG), and combinations of these biophysical properties for crystallized proteins define a distinct subset of the T. maritima proteome. The distribution profiles of the various biophysical properties in the expression/crystallization set are then used to extract rules to improve target selection and improve the efficiency and output of structural genomics, as well as general structural biology efforts.
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132
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Levin I, Schwarzenbacher R, Page R, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Campbell J, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rezezadeh F, Robb A, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a PIN (PilT N-terminus) domain (AF0591) from Archaeoglobus fulgidus at 1.90 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:404-8. [PMID: 15211526 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Levin
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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133
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Spraggon G, Schwarzenbacher R, Kreusch A, McMullan D, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Dai X, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kuhn P, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Rezezadeh F, Robb A, Sims E, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a methionine aminopeptidase (TM1478) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.9 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:396-400. [PMID: 15211524 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Spraggon
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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134
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Nollert P. Membrane protein crystallization in amphiphile phases: practical and theoretical considerations. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 88:339-57. [PMID: 15652249 PMCID: PMC2748814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins are amphiphilic molecules. In order to enable chromatographic purification and crystallization, a complementary amphiphilic microenvironment must be created and maintained. Various types of amphiphilic phases have been employed in crystallizations and intricate amphiphilic microenvironmental structures have resulted from these and are found inside membrane protein crystals. In this review the process of crystallization is put into the context of amphiphile phase transitions. Finally, practical factors are considered and a pragmatic way is suggested to pursue membrane protein crystallization trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nollert
- deCODE BioStructures, 7869 NE Day Rd. W, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA.
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135
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Schwarzenbacher R, Jaroszewski L, von Delft F, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Cambell J, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a type II quinolic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (TM1645) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.50 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 55:768-71. [PMID: 15103640 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schwarzenbacher
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, The San Diego Supercomputer Center, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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136
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Xu Q, Schwarzenbacher R, Page R, Sims E, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Cambell J, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rezezadeh F, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an allantoicase (YIR029W) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 2.4 Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:619-24. [PMID: 15229895 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xu
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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137
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Heine A, Canaves JM, von Delft F, Brinen LS, Dai X, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Eshaghi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Guda C, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MA, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Robb A, Rodrigues K, Schwarzenbacher R, Selby TL, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (TM0665) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.8 Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:387-91. [PMID: 15211522 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heine
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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138
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Bakolitsa C, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Dai X, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an orphan protein (TM0875) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.00-Å resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2004; 56:607-10. [PMID: 15229892 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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139
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Abstract
Two camps continue to evolve in the field of structural biology—a 'systems-oriented' camp, which studies proteins or complexes carefully one system at a time, and a 'discovery-oriented' one, which studies proteins of entire families, pathways or genomes. The end goals of both camps are the same: to decipher the atomic-resolution structures and mechanisms of biological macromolecules and understand them in the context of the living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C Stevens
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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140
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Schwarzenbacher R, von Delft F, Jaroszewski L, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Cambell J, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a putative oxalate decarboxylase (TM1287) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.95 Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 56:392-5. [PMID: 15211523 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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141
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Erlandsen H, Canaves JM, Elsliger MA, von Delft F, Brinen LS, Dai X, Deacon AM, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Robb A, Quijano K, Schwarzenbacher R, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an HEPN domain protein (TM0613) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.75 A resolution. Proteins 2004; 54:806-9. [PMID: 14997578 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Erlandsen
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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142
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Spraggon G, Schwarzenbacher R, Kreusch A, Lee CC, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Cambell J, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kuhn P, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an Udp-n-acetylmuramate-alanine ligase MurC (TM0231) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.3 Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 55:1078-81. [PMID: 15146505 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Spraggon
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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143
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Schwarzenbacher R, Jaroszewski L, von Delft F, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Cambell J, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an aspartate aminotransferase (TM1255) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.90 Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 55:759-63. [PMID: 15103638 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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144
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Schwarzenbacher R, Jaroszewski L, von Delft F, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Cambell J, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a phosphoribosylaminoimidazole mutase PurE (TM0446) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.77-Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 55:474-8. [PMID: 15048837 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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145
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Abstract
This paper introduces nucleation theory applied to crystallizing protein solutions. It is shown that the classical approach explains the available nucleation data under most conditions used for growing protein crystals for structural studies and for industrial crystallization. However, it fails to explain most experimental data on the structure of the critical clusters. It is also shown that for open systems working out of equilibrium, such as hanging-drop and counterdiffusion techniques, the geometry of the Ostwald-Myers protein solubility diagram and the number, size, and quality of the forming crystals depend not only on supersaturation but also on the rate of development of supersaturation.
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146
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Schwarzenbacher R, Deacon AM, Jaroszewski L, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Dai X, Elsliger MA, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Nelson MS, Ouyang J, Page R, Robb A, Quijano K, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a putative glutamine amido transferase (TM1158) from Thermotoga maritima
at 1.7 Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 54:801-5. [PMID: 14997577 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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147
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Schwarzenbacher R, von Delft F, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Brinen LS, Canaves JM, Cambell J, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Eshagi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hampton E, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Robb A, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a putative PII-like signaling protein (TM0021) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.5 Å resolution. Proteins 2004; 54:810-3. [PMID: 14997579 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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148
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Weselak M, Patch MG, Selby TL, Knebel G, Stevens RC. Robotics for automated crystal formation and analysis. Methods Enzymol 2004; 368:45-76. [PMID: 14674268 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)68004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Weselak
- Genomics Institute, Novartis Research Foundation, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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149
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Schwarzenbacher R, von Delft F, Canaves JM, Brinen LS, Dai X, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Eshaghi S, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Guda C, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MA, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Page R, Robb A, Rodrigues K, Selby TL, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an iron-containing 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (TM0920) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.3 Å resolution. Proteins 2003; 54:174-7. [PMID: 14705036 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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150
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Page R, Nelson MS, von Delft F, Elsliger MA, Canaves JM, Brinen LS, Dai X, Deacon AM, Floyd R, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Ouyang J, Robb A, Rodrigues K, Schwarzenbacher R, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase (TM0293) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.0 Å resolution. Proteins 2003; 54:157-61. [PMID: 14705032 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Page
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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