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Athiyarath R, Arora N, Fuster F, Schwarzenbacher R, Ahmed R, George B, Chandy M, Srivastava A, Rojas AM, Sanchez M, Edison ES. Two novel missense mutations in iron transport protein transferrin causing hypochromic microcytic anaemia and haemosiderosis: molecular characterization and structural implications. Br J Haematol 2013; 163:404-7. [PMID: 23888904 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Athiyarath
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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2
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Zaborsky N, Brunner M, Wallner M, Himly M, Karl T, Schwarzenbacher R, Ferreira F, Achatz G. Partial retraction. Antigen aggregation decides the fate of the allergic immune response. J Immunol 2013; 190:4432. [PMID: 23682384 PMCID: PMC4527151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1390013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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3
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Zaborsky N, Brunner M, Wallner M, Himly M, Karl T, Schwarzenbacher R, Ferreira F, Achatz G. Response to Detection and analysis of unusual features in the structural model and structure-factor data of a birch pollen allergen. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:377. [PMID: 22505401 PMCID: PMC3325801 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112008433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The authors of J. Immunol. 184, 725-735 respond to the article by Rupp (2012), Acta Cryst. F68, 366-376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria
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4
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Pinheiro AS, Eibl C, Ekman-Vural Z, Schwarzenbacher R, Peti W. The NLRP12 pyrin domain: structure, dynamics, and functional insights. J Mol Biol 2011; 413:790-803. [PMID: 21978668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The initial line of defense against infection is sustained by the innate immune system. Together, membrane-bound Toll-like receptors and cytosolic nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLR) play key roles in the innate immune response by detecting bacterial and viral invaders as well as endogenous stress signals. NLRs are multi-domain proteins with varying N-terminal effector domains that are responsible for regulating downstream signaling events. Here, we report the structure and dynamics of the N-terminal pyrin domain of NLRP12 (NLRP12 PYD) determined using NMR spectroscopy. NLRP12 is a non-inflammasome NLR that has been implicated in the regulation of Toll-like receptor-dependent nuclear factor-κB activation. NLRP12 PYD adopts a typical six-helical bundle death domain fold. By direct comparison with other PYD structures, we identified hydrophobic residues that are essential for the stable fold of the NLRP PYD family. In addition, we report the first in vitro confirmed non-homotypic PYD interaction between NLRP12 PYD and the pro-apoptotic protein Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF-1), which links the innate immune system to apoptotic signaling. Interestingly, all residues that participate in this protein:protein interaction are confined to the α2-α3 surface, a region of NLRP12 PYD that differs most between currently reported NLRP PYD structures. Finally, we experimentally highlight a significant role for tryptophan 45 in the interaction between NLRP12 PYD and the FAF-1 UBA domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S Pinheiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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5
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Song W, Chen J, Petrilli A, Liot G, Klinglmayr E, Zhou Y, Poquiz P, Tjong J, Pouladi MA, Hayden MR, Masliah E, Ellisman M, Rouiller I, Schwarzenbacher R, Bossy B, Perkins G, Bossy-Wetzel E. Mutant huntingtin binds the mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein-1 and increases its enzymatic activity. Nat Med 2011; 17:377-82. [PMID: 21336284 PMCID: PMC3051025 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited and incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in huntingtin (HTT). PolyQ length determines disease onset and severity with a longer expansion causing earlier onset. The mechanisms of mutant HTT-mediated neurotoxicity remain unclear; however, mitochondrial dysfunction is a key event in HD pathogenesis1,2. Here we tested whether mutant HTT impairs the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance and thereby causes neuronal injury. We show that mutant HTT triggers mitochondrial fragmentation in neurons and fibroblasts of HD individuals in vitro and HD mice in vivo before the presence of neurological deficits and HTT aggregates. Interestingly, mutant HTT abnormally interacts with the mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in HD mice and individuals which in turn stimulates its enzymatic activity. Importantly, mutant HTT-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation, defects in anterograde and retrograde mitochondrial transport, and neuronal cell death are all rescued by reducing DRP1 GTPase activity with the dominant-negative DRP1K38A mutant. Thus, DRP1 might represent a new therapeutic target to combat neurodegeneration in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Song
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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6
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RoseFigura JM, Puehringer S, Schwarzenbacher R, Toyama H, Klinman JP. Characterization of a protein-generated O₂ binding pocket in PqqC, a cofactorless oxidase catalyzing the final step in PQQ production. Biochemistry 2011; 50:1556-66. [PMID: 21155540 DOI: 10.1021/bi1015474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PQQ is an exogenous, tricyclic, quino-cofactor for a number of bacterial dehydrogenases. The final step of PQQ formation is catalyzed by PqqC, a cofactorless oxidase. This study focuses on the activation of molecular oxygen in an enzyme active site without metal or cofactor and has identified a specific oxygen binding and activating pocket in PqqC. The active site variants H154N, Y175F,S, and R179S were studied with the goal of defining the site of O(2) binding and activation. Using apo-glucose dehydrogenase to assay for PQQ production, none of the mutants in this "O(2) core" are capable of PQQ/PQQH(2) formation. Spectrophotometric assays give insight into the incomplete reactions being catalyzed by these mutants. Active site variants Y175F, H154N, and R179S form a quinoid intermediate (Figure 1) anaerobically. Y175S is capable of proceeding further from quinoid to quinol, whereas Y175F, H154N, and R179S require O(2) to produce the quinol species. None of the mutations precludes substrate/product binding or oxygen binding. Assays for the oxidation of PQQH(2) to PQQ show that these O(2) core mutants are incapable of catalyzing a rate increase over the reaction in buffer, whereas H154N can catalyze the oxidation of PQQH(2) to PQQ in the presence of H(2)O(2) as an electron acceptor. Taken together, these data indicate that none of the targeted mutants can react fully to form quinone even in the presence of bound O(2). The data indicate a successful separation of oxidative chemistry from O(2) binding. The residues H154, Y175, and R179 are proposed to form a core O(2) binding structure that is essential for efficient O(2) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M RoseFigura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Zurek B, Proell M, Wagner RN, Schwarzenbacher R, Kufer TA. Mutational analysis of human NOD1 and NOD2 NACHT domains reveals different modes of activation. Innate Immun 2011; 18:100-11. [PMID: 21310790 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910394002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)1 and NOD2 are intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) gene family involved in innate immune responses. Their centrally located NACHT domain displays ATPase activity and is necessary for activation and oligomerization leading to inflammatory signaling responses. Mutations affecting key residues of the ATPase domain of NOD2 are linked to severe auto-inflammatory diseases, such as Blau syndrome and early-onset sarcoidosis. By mutational dissection of the ATPase domain function, we show that the NLR-specific extended Walker B box (DGhDE) can functionally replace the canonical Walker B sequence (DDhWD) found in other ATPases. A requirement for an intact Walker A box and the magnesium-co-ordinating aspartate of the classical Walker B box suggest that an initial ATP hydrolysis step is necessary for activation of both NOD1 and NOD2. In contrast, a Blau-syndrome associated mutation located in the extended Walker B box of NOD2 that results in higher autoactivation and ligand-induced signaling does not affect NOD1 function. Moreover, mutation of a conserved histidine in the NACHT domain also has contrasting effects on NOD1 and NOD2 mediated NF-κB activation. We conclude that these two NLRs employ different modes of activation and propose distinct models for activation of NOD1 and NOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Zurek
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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8
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Stranzl GR, Santelli E, Bankston LA, La Clair C, Bobkov A, Schwarzenbacher R, Godzik A, Perego M, Grynberg M, Liddington RC. Structural insights into inhibition of Bacillus anthracis sporulation by a novel class of non-heme globin sensor domains. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8448-8458. [PMID: 21216948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.207126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis by Bacillus anthracis requires coordination between two distinct activities: plasmid-encoded virulence factor expression (which protects vegetative cells from immune surveillance during outgrowth and replication) and chromosomally encoded sporulation (required only during the final stages of infection). Sporulation is regulated by at least five sensor histidine kinases that are activated in response to various environmental cues. One of these kinases, BA2291, harbors a sensor domain that has ∼35% sequence identity with two plasmid proteins, pXO1-118 and pXO2-61. Because overexpression of pXO2-61 (or pXO1-118) inhibits sporulation of B. anthracis in a BA2291-dependent manner, and pXO2-61 expression is strongly up-regulated by the major virulence gene regulator, AtxA, it was suggested that their function is to titrate out an environmental signal that would otherwise promote untimely sporulation. To explore this hypothesis, we determined crystal structures of both plasmid-encoded proteins. We found that they adopt a dimeric globin fold but, most unusually, do not bind heme. Instead, they house a hydrophobic tunnel and hydrophilic chamber that are occupied by fatty acid, which engages a conserved arginine and chloride ion via its carboxyl head group. In vivo, these domains may therefore recognize changes in fatty acid synthesis, chloride ion concentration, and/or pH. Structure-based comparisons with BA2291 suggest that it binds ligand and dimerizes in an analogous fashion, consistent with the titration hypothesis. Analysis of newly sequenced bacterial genomes points to the existence of a much broader family of non-heme, globin-based sensor domains, with related but distinct functionalities, that may have evolved from an ancestral heme-linked globin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun R Stranzl
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Laurie A Bankston
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Chandra La Clair
- the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Andrey Bobkov
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Robert Schwarzenbacher
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Adam Godzik
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Marta Perego
- the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Marcin Grynberg
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,; the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert C Liddington
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,.
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Wachmann K, Pop C, van Raam BJ, Drag M, Mace PD, Snipas SJ, Zmasek C, Schwarzenbacher R, Salvesen GS, Riedl SJ. Activation and specificity of human caspase-10. Biochemistry 2010; 49:8307-15. [PMID: 20795673 DOI: 10.1021/bi100968m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two apical caspases, caspase-8 and -10, are involved in the extrinsic death receptor pathway in humans, but it is mainly caspase-8 in its apoptotic and nonapoptotic functions that has been an intense research focus. In this study we concentrate on caspase-10, its mechanism of activation, and the role of the intersubunit cleavage. Our data obtained through in vitro dimerization assays strongly suggest that caspase-10 follows the proximity-induced dimerization model for apical caspases. Furthermore, we compare the specificity and activity of the wild-type protease with a mutant incapable of autoprocessing by using positional scanning substrate analysis and cleavage of natural protein substrates. These experiments reveal a striking difference between the wild type and the mutant, leading us to hypothesize that the single chain enzyme has restricted activity on most proteins but high activity on the proapoptotic protein Bid, potentially supporting a prodeath role for both cleaved and uncleaved caspase-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wachmann
- Program in Apoptosis and Cell Death Research, Sanford-BurnhamMedical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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10
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Montessuit S, Somasekharan SP, Terrones O, Lucken-Ardjomande S, Herzig S, Schwarzenbacher R, Manstein DJ, Bossy-Wetzel E, Basañez G, Meda P, Martinou JC. Membrane remodeling induced by the dynamin-related protein Drp1 stimulates Bax oligomerization. Cell 2010; 142:889-901. [PMID: 20850011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In response to many apoptotic stimuli, oligomerization of Bax is essential for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the ensuing release of cytochrome c. These events are accompanied by mitochondrial fission that appears to require Drp1, a large GTPase of the dynamin superfamily. Loss of Drp1 leads to decreased cytochrome c release by a mechanism that is poorly understood. Here we show that Drp1 stimulates tBid-induced Bax oligomerization and cytochrome c release by promoting tethering and hemifusion of membranes in vitro. This function of Drp1 is independent of its GTPase activity and relies on arginine 247 and the presence of cardiolipin in membranes. In cells, overexpression of Drp1 R247A/E delays Bax oligomerization and cell death. Our findings uncover a function of Drp1 and provide insight into the mechanism of Bax oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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11
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Puehringer S, RoseFigura J, Metlitzky M, Toyama H, Klinman JP, Schwarzenbacher R. Structural studies of mutant forms of the PQQ-forming enzyme PqqC in the presence of product and substrate. Proteins 2010; 78:2554-62. [PMID: 20602352 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone [4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid (PQQ)] is a bacterial cofactor in numerous alcohol dehydrogenases including methanol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase. Its biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae is facilitated by six genes, pqqABCDEF and proceeds by an unknown pathway. PqqC is one of two metal free oxidases of known structure and catalyzes the last step of PQQ biogenesis which involves a ring closure and an eight-electron oxidation of the substrate [3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid (AHQQ)]. PqqC has 14 conserved active site residues, which have previously been shown to be in close contact with bound PQQ. Herein, we describe the structures of three PqqC active site variants, H154S, Y175F, and the double mutant R179S/Y175S. The H154S crystal structure shows that, even with PQQ bound, the enzyme is still in the "open" conformation with helices alpha5b and alpha6 unfolded and the active site solvent accessible. The Y175F PQQ complex crystal structure reveals the closed conformation indicating that Y175 is not required for the conformational change. The R179S/Y175S AHQQ complex crystal structure is the most mechanistically informative, indicating an open conformation with a reaction intermediate trapped in the active site. The intermediate seen in R179S/Y175S is tricyclic but nonplanar, implying that it has not undergone oxidation. These studies implicate a stepwise process in which substrate binding leads to the generation of the closed protein conformation, with the latter playing a critical role in O(2) binding and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Puehringer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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12
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Bossy B, Petrilli A, Klinglmayr E, Chen J, Lütz-Meindl U, Knott AB, Masliah E, Schwarzenbacher R, Bossy-Wetzel E. S-Nitrosylation of DRP1 does not affect enzymatic activity and is not specific to Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 20 Suppl 2:S513-26. [PMID: 20463395 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic loss are among the earliest events linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and might play a causative role in disease onset and progression. The underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction in AD remain unclear. We previously reported that nitric oxide (NO) triggers persistent mitochondrial fission and causes neuronal cell death. A recent article claimed that S-nitrosylation of dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) at cysteine 644 causes protein dimerization and increased GTPase activity and is the mechanism responsible for NO-induced mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury in AD, but not in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, this report remains controversial. To resolve the controversy, we investigated the effects of S-nitrosylation on DRP1 structure and function. Contrary to the previous report, S-nitrosylation of DRP1 does not increase GTPase activity or cause dimerization. In fact, DRP1 does not exist as a dimer under native conditions, but rather as a tetramer capable of self-assembly into higher order spiral- and ring-like oligomeric structures after nucleotide binding. S-nitrosylation, as confirmed by the biotin-switch assay, has no impact on DRP1 oligomerization. Importantly, we found no significant difference in S-nitrosylated DRP1 (SNO-DRP1) levels in brains of age-matched normal, AD, or PD patients. We also found that S-nitrosylation is not specific to DRP1 because S-nitrosylated optic atrophy 1 (SNO-OPA1) is present at comparable levels in all human brain samples. Finally, we show that NO triggers DRP1 phosphorylation at serine 616, which results in its activation and recruitment to mitochondria. Our data indicate the mechanism underlying nitrosative stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in AD is not DRP1 S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Bossy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Pinheiro AS, Proell M, Eibl C, Page R, Schwarzenbacher R, Peti W. Three-dimensional structure of the NLRP7 pyrin domain: insight into pyrin-pyrin-mediated effector domain signaling in innate immunity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27402-27410. [PMID: 20547486 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides an initial line of defense against infection. Nucleotide-binding domain- and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein (NLR or (NOD-like)) receptors play a critical role in the innate immune response by surveying the cytoplasm for traces of intracellular invaders and endogenous stress signals. NLRs themselves are multi-domain proteins. Their N-terminal effector domains (typically a pyrin or caspase activation and recruitment domain) are responsible for driving downstream signaling and initiating the formation of inflammasomes, multi-component complexes necessary for cytokine activation. However, the currently available structures of NLR effector domains have not yet revealed the mechanism of their differential modes of interaction. Here, we report the structure and dynamics of the N-terminal pyrin domain of NLRP7 (NLRP7 PYD) obtained by NMR spectroscopy. The NLRP7 PYD adopts a six-alpha-helix bundle death domain fold. A comparison of conformational and dynamics features of the NLRP7 PYD with other PYDs showed distinct differences for helix alpha3 and loop alpha2-alpha3, which, in NLRP7, is stabilized by a strong hydrophobic cluster. Moreover, the NLRP7 and NLRP1 PYDs have different electrostatic surfaces. This is significant, because death domain signaling is driven by electrostatic contacts and stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. Thus, these results provide new insights into NLRP signaling and provide a first molecular understanding of inflammasome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S Pinheiro
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, Austria
| | - Martina Proell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Clarissa Eibl
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rebecca Page
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Peti
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, Austria.
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14
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Neerincx A, Lautz K, Menning M, Kremmer E, Zigrino P, Hösel M, Büning H, Schwarzenbacher R, Kufer TA. A role for the human nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing family member NLRC5 in antiviral responses. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26223-32. [PMID: 20538593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.109736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing family recently gained attention as important components of the innate immune system. Although over 20 of these proteins are present in humans, only a few members including the cytosolic pattern recognition receptors NOD1, NOD2, and NLRP3 have been analyzed extensively. These NLRs were shown to be pivotal for mounting innate immune response toward microbial invasion. Here we report on the characterization of human NLRC5 and provide evidence that this NLR has a function in innate immune responses. We found that NLRC5 is a cytosolic protein expressed predominantly in hematopoetic cells. NLRC5 mRNA and protein expression was inducible by the double-stranded RNA analog poly(I.C) and Sendai virus. Overexpression of NLRC5 failed to trigger inflammatory responses such as the NF-kappaB or interferon pathways in HEK293T cells. However, knockdown of endogenous NLRC5 reduced Sendai virus- and poly(I.C)-mediated type I interferon pathway-dependent responses in THP-1 cells and human primary dermal fibroblasts. Taken together, this defines a function for NLRC5 in anti-viral innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neerincx
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Zaborsky N, Brunner M, Wallner M, Himly M, Karl T, Schwarzenbacher R, Ferreira F, Achatz G. Antigen aggregation decides the fate of the allergic immune response. J Immunol 2009; 184:725-35. [PMID: 19995902 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previously, defined naturally occurring isoforms of allergenic proteins were classified as hypoallergens and therefore suggested as an agent for immunotherapy in the future. In this paper, we report for the first time the molecular background of hypoallergenicity by comparing the immunological behavior of hyperallergenic Betula verrucosa major Ag 1a (Bet v 1a) and hypoallergenic Bet v 1d, two isoforms of the major birch pollen allergen Betula verrucosa 1. Despite their cross-reactivity, Bet v 1a and Bet v 1d differ in their capacity to induce protective Ab responses in BALB/c mice. Both isoforms induced similar specific IgE levels, but only Bet v 1d expressed relevant titers of serum IgGs and IgAs. Interestingly, hypoallergenic Bet v 1d activated dendritic cells more efficiently, followed by the production of increased amounts of Th1- as well as Th2-type cytokines. Surprisingly, compared with Bet v 1a, Bet v 1d-immunized mice showed a decreased proliferation of regulatory T cells. Crystallographic studies and dynamic light scattering revealed that Bet v 1d demonstrated a high tendency to form disulfide-linked aggregates due to a serine to cysteine exchange at residue 113. We conclude that aggregation of Bet v 1d triggers the establishment of a protective Ab titer and supports a rationale for Bet v 1d being a promising candidate for specific immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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de Sa Pinheiro A, Ehart A, Ebner N, Proell M, Schwarzenbacher R, Peti W. Backbone and sidechain (1)H, (15)N and (13)C assignments of the NLRP7 pyrin domain. Biomol NMR Assign 2009; 3:207-209. [PMID: 19888692 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-009-9176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The resonance assignments of the human NLRP7 PYD domain have been determined based on triple-resonance experiments using uniformly [(13)C,(15)N]-labeled protein. This assignment is the first step towards the 3D structure determination of the NLRP7 PYD domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson de Sa Pinheiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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17
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Wopfner N, Jahn-Schmid B, Schmidt G, Christ T, Hubinger G, Briza P, Radauer C, Bohle B, Vogel L, Ebner C, Asero R, Ferreira F, Schwarzenbacher R. The alpha and beta subchain of Amb a 1, the major ragweed-pollen allergen show divergent reactivity at the IgE and T-cell level. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2090-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family recognize intracellular pathogens and recruit a variety of effector molecules, including pro-caspases and kinases, which in turn are implicated in cytokine processing and NF-κB activation. In order to elucidate the intricate network of NLR signaling, which is still fragmentary in molecular terms, we applied comprehensive yeast two-hybrid analysis for unbiased evaluation of physical interactions between NLRs and their adaptors (ASC, CARD8) as well as kinase RIPK2 and inflammatory caspases (C1, C2, C4, C5) under identical conditions. Our results confirmed the interaction of NOD1 and NOD2 with RIPK2, and between NLRP3 and ASC, but most importantly, our studies revealed hitherto unrecognized interactions of NOD2 with members of the NLRP subfamily. We found that NOD2 specifically and directly interacts with NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRP12. Furthermore, we observed homodimerization of the RIPK2 CARD domains and identified residues in NOD2 critical for interaction with RIPK2. In conclusion, our work provides further evidence for the complex network of protein-protein interactions underlying NLR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland N. Wagner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martina Proell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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19
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Scott FL, Stec B, Pop C, Dobaczewska MK, Lee JJ, Monosov E, Robinson H, Salvesen GS, Schwarzenbacher R, Riedl SJ. The Fas-FADD death domain complex structure unravels signalling by receptor clustering. Nature 2008; 457:1019-22. [PMID: 19118384 PMCID: PMC2661029 DOI: 10.1038/nature07606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Death Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) formed by Fas receptor, FADD and caspase-8 is a pivotal trigger of apoptosis1-3. The Fas/FADD DISC represents a receptor platform, which once assembled initiates the induction of programmed cell death. A highly oligomeric network of homotypic protein interactions comprised of the death domains (DD) of Fas and FADD is at the center of DISC formation4, 5. Thus characterising the mechanistic basis for the Fas/FADD interaction is paramount for understanding DISC signaling but has remained enigmatic largely due to a lack of structural data. We have successfully formed and isolated the Fas/FADD DD complex and here we report the 2.7 Å crystal structure. The complex shows a tetrameric arrangement of four FADD DDs bound to four Fas DDs. We show that an opening of the Fas DD exposes the FADD binding site and simultaneously generates a Fas/Fas bridge. The result is a regulatory Fas/FADD complex bridge governed by weak protein:protein interactions revealing a model where the complex functions as a mechanistic switch. This switch prevents accidental DISC assembly, yet allows for highly processive DISC formation and clustering upon a sufficient stimulus. Thus besides depicting a previously unknown mode of death domain interactions, these results further uncover a mechanism for receptor signaling solely by oligomerization and clustering events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Scott
- Program in Apoptosis and Cell Death Research, The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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20
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Prassl R, Pregetter M, Amenitsch H, Kriechbaum M, Schwarzenbacher R, Chapman JM, Laggner P. Low density lipoproteins as circulating fast temperature sensors. PLoS One 2008; 3:e4079. [PMID: 19114995 PMCID: PMC2603587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential physiological significance of the nanophase transition of neutral lipids in the core of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles is dependent on whether the rate is fast enough to integrate small (±2°C) temperature changes in the blood circulation. Methodology/Principal Findings Using sub-second, time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering technology with synchrotron radiation, we have monitored the dynamics of structural changes within LDL, which were triggered by temperature-jumps and -drops, respectively. Our findings reveal that the melting transition is complete within less than 10 milliseconds. The freezing transition proceeds slowly with a half-time of approximately two seconds. Thus, the time period over which LDL particles reside in cooler regions of the body readily facilitates structural reorientation of the apolar core lipids. Conclusions/Significance Low density lipoproteins, the biological nanoparticles responsible for the transport of cholesterol in blood, are shown to act as intrinsic nano-thermometers, which can follow the periodic temperature changes during blood circulation. Our results demonstrate that the lipid core in LDL changes from a liquid crystalline to an oily state within fractions of seconds. This may, through the coupling to the protein structure of LDL, have important repercussions on current theories of the role of LDL in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prassl
- Institute of Biophysics and Nanosystems Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria.
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21
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Fairweather V, Schwarzenbacher R, Brady L. Eimeria tenellalactate dehydrogenase as a target for anti-parasitics. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308089071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
Mitochondria are remarkably dynamic organelles that migrate, divide and fuse. Cycles of mitochondrial fission and fusion ensure metabolite and mitochondrial DNA mixing and dictate organelle shape, number and bioenergetic functionality. There is mounting evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is an early and causal event in neurodegeneration. Mutations in the mitochondrial fusion GTPases mitofusin 2 and optic atrophy 1, neurotoxins and oxidative stress all disrupt the cable-like morphology of functional mitochondria. This results in impaired bioenergetics and mitochondrial migration, and can trigger neurodegeneration. These findings suggest potential new treatment avenues for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Knott
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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23
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Puehringer S, Metlitzky M, Schwarzenbacher R. The pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis pathway revisited: a structural approach. BMC Biochem 2008; 9:8. [PMID: 18371220 PMCID: PMC2294125 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biosynthesis pathway of Pyrroloquinoline quinone, a bacterial redox active cofactor for numerous alcohol and aldose dehydrogenases, is largely unknown, but it is proven that at least six genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae (PqqA-F) are required, all of which are located in the PQQ-operon. RESULTS New structural data of some PQQ biosynthesis proteins and their homologues provide new insights and functional assignments of the proteins in the pathway. Based on sequence analysis and homology models we propose the role and catalytic function for each enzyme involved in this intriguing biosynthesis pathway. CONCLUSION PQQ is derived from the two amino acids glutamate and tyrosine encoded in the precursor peptide PqqA. Five reactions are necessary to form this quinone cofactor. The PqqA peptide is recognised by PqqE, which links the C9 and C9a, afterwards it is accepted by PqqF which cuts out the linked amino acids. The next reaction (Schiff base) is spontaneous, the following dioxygenation is catalysed by an unknown enzyme. The last cyclization and oxidation steps are catalysed by PqqC. Taken together the known facts of the different proteins we assign a putative function to all six proteins in PQQ biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Puehringer
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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24
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Gasche C, Nemeth M, Grundtner P, Willheim-Polli C, Ferenci P, Schwarzenbacher R. Evolution of Crohn's disease-associated Nod2 mutations. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:115-20. [PMID: 18253730 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have confirmed the importance of Nod2 mutations for disease susceptibility in Crohn's disease. For tracing Nod2 evolution, exons 4a, 4e, 8, and 12 mutations were screened in a collection of 1,064 DNA samples from 52 worldwide populations. The overall allele frequency was 7.5% for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)5, 0.2% for SNP8, 0.3% for SNP12, and 0.4% for SNP13. Nod2 mutations are mainly Caucasian alleles with strong distribution dissimilarity between single populations and major geographical regions. This regional diversity of Nod2 mutations within Europe points to the regional existence of selection pressure (possibly through dairy-associated bacterial infections within Neolithic cattle farming populations). The SNP5 gradient between Africa and the Middle East and its absence in Asian and Native American populations indicate that the evolution of this variant occurred in the Middle East. As mutations in exons 4e, 8, and 12 were only found in association with SNP5, this variant may have allowed selection pressure to arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gasche
- Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Mathews II, McMullan D, Miller MD, Canaves JM, Elsliger MA, Floyd R, Grzechnik SK, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, McPhillips TM, Morse AT, Quijano K, Rife CL, Schwarzenbacher R, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Weekes D, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate kinase (TM0067) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.05 A resolution. Proteins 2008; 70:603-8. [PMID: 18004772 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irimpan I Mathews
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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26
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Schwarzenbacher R, Godzik A, Jaroszewski L. The JCSG MR pipeline: optimized alignments, multiple models and parallel searches. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2008; 64:133-40. [PMID: 18094477 PMCID: PMC2394805 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444907050111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The success rate of molecular replacement (MR) falls considerably when search models share less than 35% sequence identity with their templates, but can be improved significantly by using fold-recognition methods combined with exhaustive MR searches. Models based on alignments calculated with fold-recognition algorithms are more accurate than models based on conventional alignment methods such as FASTA or BLAST, which are still widely used for MR. In addition, by designing MR pipelines that integrate phasing and automated refinement and allow parallel processing of such calculations, one can effectively increase the success rate of MR. Here, updated results from the JCSG MR pipeline are presented, which to date has solved 33 MR structures with less than 35% sequence identity to the closest homologue of known structure. By using difficult MR problems as examples, it is demonstrated that successful MR phasing is possible even in cases where the similarity between the model and the template can only be detected with fold-recognition algorithms. In the first step, several search models are built based on all homologues found in the PDB by fold-recognition algorithms. The models resulting from this process are used in parallel MR searches with different combinations of input parameters of the MR phasing algorithm. The putative solutions are subjected to rigid-body and restrained crystallographic refinement and ranked based on the final values of free R factor, figure of merit and deviations from ideal geometry. Finally, crystal packing and electron-density maps are checked to identify the correct solution. If this procedure does not yield a solution with interpretable electron-density maps, then even more alternative models are prepared. The structurally variable regions of a protein family are identified based on alignments of sequences and known structures from that family and appropriate trimmings of the models are proposed. All combinations of these trimmings are applied to the search models and the resulting set of models is used in the MR pipeline. It is estimated that with the improvements in model building and exhaustive parallel searches with existing phasing algorithms, MR can be successful for more than 50% of recognizable homologues of known structures below the threshold of 35% sequence identity. This implies that about one-third of the proteins in a typical bacterial proteome are potential MR targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Godzik
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Bioinformatics Core, The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lukasz Jaroszewski
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Bioinformatics Core, The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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27
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Premkumar L, Rife CL, Sri Krishna S, McMullan D, Miller MD, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Astakhova T, Axelrod HL, Canaves JM, Carlton D, Chiu HJ, Clayton T, DiDonato M, Duan L, Elsliger MA, Feuerhelm J, Floyd R, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Jaroszewski L, Jin KK, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Levin I, McPhillips TM, Morse AT, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Oommachen S, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rezezadeh F, Rodionov D, Schwarzenbacher R, Spraggon G, van den Bedem H, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of TM1030 from Thermotoga maritima at 2.3 A resolution reveals molecular details of its transcription repressor function. Proteins 2007; 68:418-24. [PMID: 17444523 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Amati-Bonneau P, Valentino ML, Reynier P, Gallardo ME, Bornstein B, Boissière A, Campos Y, Rivera H, de la Aleja JG, Carroccia R, Iommarini L, Labauge P, Figarella-Branger D, Marcorelles P, Furby A, Beauvais K, Letournel F, Liguori R, La Morgia C, Montagna P, Liguori M, Zanna C, Rugolo M, Cossarizza A, Wissinger B, Verny C, Schwarzenbacher R, Martín MA, Arenas J, Ayuso C, Garesse R, Lenaers G, Bonneau D, Carelli V. OPA1 mutations induce mitochondrial DNA instability and optic atrophy 'plus' phenotypes. Brain 2007; 131:338-51. [PMID: 18158317 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in OPA1, a dynamin-related GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion, cristae organization and control of apoptosis, have been linked to non-syndromic optic neuropathy transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait (DOA). We here report on eight patients from six independent families showing that mutations in the OPA1 gene can also be responsible for a syndromic form of DOA associated with sensorineural deafness, ataxia, axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and mitochondrial myopathy with cytochrome c oxidase negative and Ragged Red Fibres. Most remarkably, we demonstrate that these patients all harboured multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in their skeletal muscle, thus revealing an unrecognized role of the OPA1 protein in mtDNA stability. The five OPA1 mutations associated with these DOA 'plus' phenotypes were all mis-sense point mutations affecting highly conserved amino acid positions and the nuclear genes previously known to induce mtDNA multiple deletions such as POLG1, PEO1 (Twinkle) and SLC25A4 (ANT1) were ruled out. Our results show that certain OPA1 mutations exert a dominant negative effect responsible for multi-systemic disease, closely related to classical mitochondrial cytopathies, by a mechanism involving mtDNA instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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29
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Xu Q, Saikatendu KS, Krishna SS, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Astakhova T, Axelrod HL, Carlton D, Chiu HJ, Clayton T, DiDonato M, Duan L, Elsliger MA, Feuerhelm J, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Jaroszewski L, Jin KK, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Miller MD, Morse AT, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Oommachen S, Paulsen J, Reyes R, Rife CL, Schwarzenbacher R, van den Bedem H, White A, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of MtnX phosphatase fromBacillus subtilisat 2.0 Å resolution provides a structural basis for bipartite phosphomonoester hydrolysis of 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. Proteins 2007; 69:433-9. [PMID: 17654724 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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30
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Puehringer S, Schwarzenbacher R. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) biosynthesis. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307097243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Magnusson OT, RoseFigura JM, Toyama H, Schwarzenbacher R, Klinman JP. Pyrroloquinoline quinone biogenesis: characterization of PqqC and its H84N and H84A active site variants. Biochemistry 2007; 46:7174-86. [PMID: 17523676 DOI: 10.1021/bi700162n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone [4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid (PQQ)] is a bacterial vitamin that serves as a cofactor in numerous alcohol dehydrogenases. Its biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae is facilitated by six genes, pqqABCDEF, and proceeds by an unknown pathway. The protein encoded by pqqC catalyzes the final step of PQQ formation, which involves a ring closure and an overall eight-electron oxidation of 3a-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dioxo-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydroquinoline-7,9-dicarboxylic acid (AHQQ) in the absence of a redox-active metal or cofactor. A recent crystal structure has implicated numerous PQQ-PqqC interactions [Magnusson et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 7913-7918]. To investigate the mechanism of the PqqC reaction, the active site residue His84 has been mutated to H84A and H84N, and the kinetic and spectroscopic properties have been compared to each other and the wild-type enzyme using aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Both mutants form PQQ under aerobic conditions with rate constants of 0.09 min-1 and 0.056 min-1 relative to 0.34 min-1 for the wild-type enzyme. In addition to the initial E-AHQQ complex (532-536 nm) and the product E-PQQ complex (346-366 nm), a number of spectral intermediates are observed between 316 and 344 nm. The anaerobic reaction is particularly informative, showing that while mixing of H84N with AHQQ leads to a 344 nm intermediate, this is unable to proceed to a final 318 nm species; by contrast H84A forms the 344 nm species as a precursor to the 318 nm species. In the context of the proposed chemical mechanism for PqqC [Magnusson et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 7913-7918], we assign the 344 nm intermediate to a quinoid species and the 318 nm intermediate to an initial quinol species. The proposed role of H84 is as a proton donor to the oxyanion of the quinoid species such that subsequent C-H bond cleavage can occur to form a monoanionic quinol. In the absence of a proton donor (as occurs in H84N), the normal reaction path is precluded as this would require formation of an unstable, dianionic species. Unlike H84N, H84A appears to be small enough to allow entry of active site water, which is postulated to adopt the role of active site proton donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olafur Th Magnusson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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32
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Xu Q, Krishna SS, McMullan D, Schwarzenbacher R, Miller MD, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Astakhova T, Axelrod HL, Canaves JM, Carlton D, Chiu HJ, Clayton T, DiDonato M, Duan L, Elsliger MA, Feuerhelm J, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Jaroszewski L, Jin KK, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Morse AT, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Oommachen S, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife CL, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, White A, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an ORFan protein (TM1622) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.75 A resolution reveals a fold similar to the Ran-binding protein Mog1p. Proteins 2007; 65:777-82. [PMID: 16948158 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Kosloff M, Han GW, Krishna SS, Schwarzenbacher R, Fasnacht M, Elsliger MA, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Astakhova T, Axelrod HL, Canaves JM, Carlton D, Chiu HJ, Clayton T, DiDonato M, Duan L, Feuerhelm J, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Jaroszewski L, Jin KK, Johnson H, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Levin I, McMullan D, Miller MD, Morse AT, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Oommachen S, Page R, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife CL, Sims E, Spraggon G, Sridhar V, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Comparative structural analysis of a novel glutathioneS-transferase (ATU5508) fromAgrobacterium tumefaciensat 2.0 Å resolution. Proteins 2006; 65:527-37. [PMID: 16988933 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a diverse superfamily of enzymes found in organisms from all kingdoms of life. GSTs are involved in diverse processes, notably small-molecule biosynthesis or detoxification, and are frequently also used in protein engineering studies or as biotechnology tools. Here, we report the high-resolution X-ray structure of Atu5508 from the pathogenic soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens (atGST1). Through use of comparative sequence and structural analysis of the GST superfamily, we identified local sequence and structural signatures, which allowed us to distinguish between different GST classes. This approach enables GST classification based on structure, without requiring additional biochemical or immunological data. Consequently, analysis of the atGST1 crystal structure suggests a new GST class, distinct from previously characterized GSTs, which would make it an attractive target for further biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey Kosloff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York
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DiDonato M, Krishna SS, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Agarwalla S, Brittain SM, Miller MD, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod HL, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, Duan L, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Jaroszewski L, Jin KK, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, Morse AT, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Oommachen S, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife CL, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of 2-phosphosulfolactate phosphatase (ComB) fromClostridium acetobutylicumat 2.6 Å resolution reveals a new fold with a novel active site. Proteins 2006; 65:771-6. [PMID: 16927339 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Xu Q, Schwarzenbacher R, Krishna SS, McMullan D, Agarwalla S, Quijano K, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Elsliger MA, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, DiDonato M, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Reyes R, Rife C, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, White A, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) from Mus musculus at 2.06 angstrom resolution. Proteins 2006; 64:808-13. [PMID: 16783794 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xu
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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36
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Mathews II, Krishna SS, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Jaroszewski L, Miller MD, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Axelrod HL, Canaves JM, Carlton D, Chiu HJ, Clayton T, DiDonato M, Duan L, Elsliger MA, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Jin KK, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Levin I, Morse AT, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Oommachen S, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife CL, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of phosphoribosylformyl-glycinamidine synthase II, PurS subunit (TM1244) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.90 A resolution. Proteins 2006; 65:249-54. [PMID: 16865708 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irimpan I Mathews
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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37
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Han GW, Sri Krishna S, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Ginalski K, Elsliger MA, Brittain SM, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Astakhova T, Axelrod H, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, DiDonato M, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Jaroszewski L, Jin KK, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Miller MD, Morse AT, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Oommachen S, Ouyang J, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Wang X, West B, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of the ApbE protein (TM1553) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.58 A resolution. Proteins 2006; 64:1083-90. [PMID: 16779835 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gye Won Han
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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38
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Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Krishna SS, Xu Q, Miller MD, Canaves JM, Elsliger MA, Floyd R, Grzechnik SK, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kovarik JS, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, McPhillips TM, Morse AT, Quijano K, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a glycerate kinase (TM1585) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.70 Å resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 65:243-8. [PMID: 16865707 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Mathews II, Krishna SS, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase II (smPurL) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.15 A resolution. Proteins 2006; 63:1106-11. [PMID: 16544324 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irimpan I Mathews
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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40
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Jin KK, Krishna SS, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Feuerhelm J, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Oommachen S, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Stevens RC, Spraggon G, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, White A, Wolf G, Han GW, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of TM1367 from Thermotoga maritima at 1.90 A resolution reveals an atypical member of the cyclophilin (peptidylprolyl isomerase) fold. Proteins 2006; 63:1112-8. [PMID: 16544291 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kai Jin
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California, USA
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41
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Han GW, Schwarzenbacher R, Page R, Jaroszewski L, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Levin I, McMullan D, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Morse A, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Ouyang J, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, von Delft F, Wang X, West B, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Zagnitko O, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase from Anabaena sp. at 1.70 A resolution reveals a noncovalently linked PLP cofactor. Proteins 2006; 58:971-5. [PMID: 15657930 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gye Won Han
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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42
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DiDonato M, Krishna SS, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Jaroszewski L, Miller MD, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Feuerhelm J, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Okach L, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (TM0604) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.60 A resolution. Proteins 2006; 63:256-60. [PMID: 16435371 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhu C, Lau E, Schwarzenbacher R, Bossy-Wetzel E, Jiang W. Spatiotemporal control of spindle midzone formation by PRC1 in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6196-201. [PMID: 16603632 PMCID: PMC1458854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506926103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the role of PRC1, a midzone-associated, microtubule bundling, Cdk substrate protein, in regulating the spatiotemporal formation of the midzone in HeLa cells. Cdk-mediated phosphorylation of PRC1 in early mitosis holds PRC1 in an inactive monomeric state. During the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, PRC1 is dephosphorylated, promoting PRC1 oligomerization. Using time-lapse video microscopy, RNA interference, 3D immunofluorescence reconstruction imaging, and rescue experiments, we demonstrate that the dephosphorylated form of PRC1 is essential for bundling antiparallel, nonkinetochore, interdigitating microtubules to establish the midzone that is necessary for cytokinesis. Our results thus indicate that PRC1 is an essential factor in controlling the spatiotemporal formation of the midzone in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Zhu
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Eric Lau
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Robert Schwarzenbacher
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ella Bossy-Wetzel
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Rife C, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of the global regulatory protein CsrA from Pseudomonas putida at 2.05 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 61:449-53. [PMID: 16104018 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rife
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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45
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Xu Q, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, White A, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of virulence factor CJ0248 from Campylobacter jejuni at 2.25 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 62:292-6. [PMID: 16287129 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xu
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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46
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Rife C, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a putative modulator of DNA gyrase (pmbA) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.95 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 61:444-8. [PMID: 16104019 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rife
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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47
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Klock HE, Schwarzenbacher R, Xu Q, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of a conserved hypothetical protein (gi: 13879369) from Mouse at 1.90 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 61:1132-6. [PMID: 16224779 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heath E Klock
- The Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Calirornia, USA
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48
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Levin I, Miller MD, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Biorac T, Cambell J, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Karlak C, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Morse A, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Ouyang J, Page R, Quijano K, Reyes R, Robb A, Sims E, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, Wang X, West B, Wolf G, Xu Q, Zagnitko O, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an indigoidine synthase A (IndA)-like protein (TM1464) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.90 A resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 2006; 59:864-8. [PMID: 15822122 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Levin
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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49
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Han GW, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Dai X, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Jaroszewski L, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, McPhillips TM, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an Apo mRNA decapping enzyme (DcpS) from Mouse at 1.83 A resolution. Proteins 2006; 60:797-802. [PMID: 16001405 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gye Won Han
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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50
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Jaroszewski L, Schwarzenbacher R, McMullan D, Abdubek P, Agarwalla S, Ambing E, Axelrod H, Biorac T, Canaves JM, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, DiDonato M, Elsliger MA, Godzik A, Grittini C, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Hornsby M, Klock HE, Koesema E, Kreusch A, Kuhn P, Lesley SA, Miller MD, Moy K, Nigoghossian E, Paulsen J, Quijano K, Reyes R, Rife C, Spraggon G, Stevens RC, van den Bedem H, Velasquez J, Vincent J, White A, Wolf G, Xu Q, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of Hsp33 chaperone (TM1394) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.20 Å resolution. Proteins 2005; 61:669-73. [PMID: 16167343 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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