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Ficco DBM, Prandi B, Amaretti A, Anfelli I, Leonardi A, Raimondi S, Pecchioni N, De Vita P, Faccini A, Sforza S, Rossi M. Comparison of gluten peptides and potential prebiotic carbohydrates in old and modern Triticum turgidum ssp. genotypes. Food Res Int 2018; 120:568-576. [PMID: 31000273 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Old wheat genotypes are perceived by consumers as healthier than modern ones. The release of gluten peptides with in vitro digestion and the content of potentially prebiotic carbohydrates (i.e. resistant fraction of starch and cell-wall associated dietary fiber) were evaluated in tetraploid wheats, namely 9 old and 3 modern Triticum turgidum ssp. genotypes. Simulated digestion of wholemeal flours yielded 152 major peptides, 59 of which were attributed a sequence. Principal component analysis revealed that peptide profiles were variable in old genotypes, unlike in modern ones. Digestion of old genotypes generally yielded peptides in greater concentration. In particular, 5 peptides of γ-gliadin, known to trigger the adaptive immune reaction, and two peptides of α-gliadin, known to be toxic to celiac patients, were particularly abundant in some old varieties. Resistant starch (RS) was negligible in modern genotypes (<0.6%), but it was remarkably abundant in some old varieties, reaching the highest value in Dauno III (8.5%, P < 0.05). Dauno III also presented the highest amount of soluble fiber (4.2%, P < 0.05). Pasta was made with an old and a modern genotype (Dauno III and PR22D89, respectively) with opposite RS content. Pasta making and cooking affected starch digestibility, overtaking differences between genotypes and yielding the same amount of RS for both the varieties (approx. 1.7%). The data herein presented suggest that the wholemeal flours of old tetraploid wheat genotypes could not boast particular claims associated to a lower exposure to gluten peptides and, if cooked, to a prebiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Bianca Maria Ficco
- CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Foggia, Italy
| | - Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Italy; Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Telematic University San Raffaele Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; Biogest-Siteia, Centro per il Miglioramento e la Valorizzazione delle Risorse Biologiche Agro-Alimentari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Igor Anfelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alan Leonardi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Foggia, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; Biogest-Siteia, Centro per il Miglioramento e la Valorizzazione delle Risorse Biologiche Agro-Alimentari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Faccini
- Interdepartmental Center for Measurements, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; Biogest-Siteia, Centro per il Miglioramento e la Valorizzazione delle Risorse Biologiche Agro-Alimentari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy..
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102
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Inheritance studies on grain iron and zinc concentration and agronomic traits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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103
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Berni R, Cantini C, Romi M, Hausman JF, Guerriero G, Cai G. Agrobiotechnology Goes Wild: Ancient Local Varieties as Sources of Bioactives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2248. [PMID: 30071603 PMCID: PMC6121869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and use of species that have best adapted to their growth territory is of paramount importance to preserve biodiversity while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Parameters including resistance to natural conditions (biotic and abiotic risk factors), biomass and fruit productivity, and phytochemical content with nutraceutical potential, could be used as quantitative markers of the adaptability of plants to wild environments characterized by minimal human impact. Ancient varieties, which are plant varieties growing in regional territories and not destined for market distribution, are a source of unique genetic characters derived from many years of adaptation to the original territory. These plants are often more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, these varieties have a high phytochemical (also known as bioactives) content considered health-beneficial. Notably, the content of these compounds is often lower in commercial cultivars. The use of selected territorial varieties according to the cultivation area represents an opportunity in the agricultural sector in terms of biodiversity preservation, environmental sustainability, and valorization of the final products. Our survey highlights the nutraceutical potential of ancient local varieties and stresses the importance of holistic studies (-omics) to investigate their physiology and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Trees and Timber Institute-National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IVALSA), via Aurelia 49, 58022 Follonica (GR), Italy.
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Trees and Timber Institute-National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IVALSA), via Aurelia 49, 58022 Follonica (GR), Italy.
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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104
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Skoracka A, Rector BG, Hein GL. The Interface Between Wheat and the Wheat Curl Mite, Aceria tosichella, the Primary Vector of Globally Important Viral Diseases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1098. [PMID: 30100916 PMCID: PMC6072864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wheat production and sustainability are steadily threatened by pests and pathogens in both wealthy and developing countries. This review is focused on the wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, and its relationship with wheat. WCM is a major pest of wheat and other cereals and a vector of at least four damaging plant viruses (Wheat streak mosaic virus, High plains wheat mosaic virus, Brome streak mosaic virus, and Triticum mosaic virus). The WCM-virus pathosystem causes considerable yield losses worldwide and its severity increases significantly when mixed-virus infections occur. Chemical control strategies are largely ineffective because WCM occupies secluded niches on the plant, e.g., leaf sheaths or curled leaves in the whorl. The challenge of effectively managing this pest-virus complex is exacerbated by the existence of divergent WCM lineages that differ in host-colonization and virus-transmission abilities. We highlight research progress in mite ecology and virus epidemiology that affect management and development of cereal cultivars with WCM- and virus-resistance genes. We also address the challenge of avoiding both agronomically deleterious side effects and selection for field populations of WCM that can overcome these resistance genes. This report integrates the current state of knowledge of WCM-virus-plant interactions and addresses knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms driving WCM infestation, viral epidemics, and plant responses. We discuss the potential application of molecular methods (e.g., transcriptomics, epigenetics, and whole-genome sequencing) to understand the chemical and cellular interface between the wheat plant and WCM-virus complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Brian G. Rector
- Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Gary L. Hein
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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105
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Chemical elements of Algerian Mentha spicata L. used in the treatment of digestive system disorders by employing instrumental neutron activation analysis technique. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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106
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Begaa S, Messaoudi M. Thermal neutron activation analysis of some toxic and trace chemical element contents in Mentha pulegium L. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Our laboratory of neutron activation analysis is highly involved in nutrition applications in the framework of research activities using the Algerian research reactor. The medicinal and aromatic plants of Mentha pulegium L. have been largely used in traditional medicine for several centuries to contribute significantly to human health related to digestive ailments, it is also used to reduce nervousness and anxiety. The present study focuses on the analysis of leaves of M. pulegium L., for evaluation of essential and toxic elements using a sensitive nuclear analytical technique based on instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Twenty-one elements were assessed (As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cr, Cs, Co, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Yb and Zn) and the accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing the Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) GBW 07605 (tea leaves) and NIST-SRM 1573a (tomato leaves). The daily intake of essential and toxic elements was determined and compared with the recommended values and was found to be well below the tolerance limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Begaa
- Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, P.O. Box 180 , Ain Oussera, 17200 Djelfa , Algeria
| | - Mohammed Messaoudi
- Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, P.O. Box 180 , Ain Oussera, 17200 Djelfa , Algeria
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107
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Cheng A. Review: Shaping a sustainable food future by rediscovering long-forgotten ancient grains. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 269:136-142. [PMID: 29606211 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic erosion of crops has been determined way back in the 1940s and accelerated some twenty years later by the inception of the Green Revolution. Claims that the revolution was a complete triumph remain specious, especially since the massive production boost in the global big three grain crops; wheat, maize, and rice that happened back then is unlikely to recur under current climate irregularities. Presently, one of the leading strategies for sustainable agriculture is by unlocking the genetic potential of underutilized crops. The primary focus has been on a suite of ancient cereals and pseudo-cereals which are riding on the gluten-free trend, including, among others, grain amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa, teff, and millets. Each of these crops has demonstrated tolerance to various stress factors such as drought and heat. Apart from being the centuries-old staple in their native homes, these crops have also been traditionally used as forage for livestock. This review summarizes what lies in the past and present for these underutilized cereals, particularly concerning their potential role and significance in a rapidly changing world, and provides compelling insights into how they could one day be on par with the current big three in feeding a booming population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acga Cheng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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108
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Tekin M, Cengiz MF, Abbasov M, Aksoy A, Canci H, Akar T. Comparison of some mineral nutrients and vitamins in advanced hulled wheat lines. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Tekin
- Department of Field Crops; Faculty of Agriculture; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Cengiz
- Food Safety and Agricultural Research Center; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
| | - Mehraj Abbasov
- Genetic Resources Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; Baku Azerbaijan
| | | | - Huseyin Canci
- Department of Field Crops; Faculty of Agriculture; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
| | - Taner Akar
- Department of Field Crops; Faculty of Agriculture; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
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109
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Goriewa-Duba K, Duba A, Kwiatek M, Wiśniewska H, Wachowska U, Wiwart M. Chromosomal distribution of pTa-535, pTa-86, pTa-713, 35S rDNA repetitive sequences in interspecific hexaploid hybrids of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt (Triticum spelta L.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192862. [PMID: 29447228 PMCID: PMC5813972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) relies on fluorescent-labeled probes to detect specific DNA sequences in the genome, and it is widely used in cytogenetic analyses. The aim of this study was to determine the karyotype of T. aestivum and T. spelta hybrids and their parental components (three common wheat cultivars and five spelt breeding lines), to identify chromosomal aberrations in the evaluated wheat lines, and to analyze the distribution of polymorphisms of repetitive sequences in the examined hybrids. The FISH procedure was carried out with four DNA clones, pTa-86, pTa-535, pTa-713 and 35S rDNA used as probes. The observed polymorphisms between the investigated lines of common wheat, spelt and their hybrids was relatively low. However, differences were observed in the distribution of repetitive sequences on chromosomes 4A, 6A, 1B and 6B in selected hybrid genomes. The polymorphisms observed in common wheat and spelt hybrids carry valuable information for wheat breeders. The results of our study are also a valuable source of knowledge about genome organization and diversification in common wheat, spelt and their hybrids. The relevant information is essential for common wheat breeders, and it can contribute to breeding programs aimed at biodiversity preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Goriewa-Duba
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Adrian Duba
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Michał Kwiatek
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, Poland
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Halina Wiśniewska
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Urszula Wachowska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Marian Wiwart
- Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
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110
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Pourkheirandish M, Dai F, Sakuma S, Kanamori H, Distelfeld A, Willcox G, Kawahara T, Matsumoto T, Kilian B, Komatsuda T. On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2031. [PMID: 29354137 PMCID: PMC5758593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Einkorn and emmer wheat together with barley were among the first cereals domesticated by humans more than 10,000 years ago, long before durum or bread wheat originated. Domesticated einkorn wheat differs from its wild progenitor in basic morphological characters such as the grain dispersal system. This study identified the Non-brittle rachis 1 (btr1) and Non-brittle rachis 2 (btr2) in einkorn as homologous to barley. Re-sequencing of the Btr1 and Btr2 in a collection of 53 lines showed that a single non-synonymous amino acid substitution (alanine to threonine) at position 119 at btr1, is responsible for the non-brittle rachis trait in domesticated einkorn. Tracing this haplotype variation back to wild einkorn samples provides further evidence that the einkorn progenitor came from the Northern Levant. We show that the geographical origin of domesticated haplotype coincides with the non-brittle domesticated barley haplotypes, which suggest the non-brittle rachis phenotypes of einkorn and barley were fixed in same geographic area in today's South-east Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Pourkheirandish
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
- Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Fei Dai
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shun Sakuma
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Assaf Distelfeld
- The Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - George Willcox
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Saint-André-de-Cruzières, France
| | - Taihachi Kawahara
- Plant Germplasm Institute, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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111
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Kumar S, Beena AS, Awana M, Singh A. Physiological, Biochemical, Epigenetic and Molecular Analyses of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Genotypes with Contrasting Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1151. [PMID: 28713411 PMCID: PMC5491648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress exerts significant impact on plant's growth, development, and productivity. Productivity of crop plants under salt stress is lagging behind because of our limited knowledge about physiological, biochemical, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants. This study aimed to investigate physio-biochemical, molecular indices and defense responses of selected wheat cultivars to identify the most contrasting salt-responsive genotypes and the mechanisms associated with their differential responses. Physio-biochemical traits specifically membrane stability index, antioxidant potential, osmoprotectants and chlorophyll contents, measured at vegetative stage, were used for multivariate analysis to identify the most contrasting genotypes. Genetic and epigenetic analyses indicated the possible mechanisms associated with differential response of the wheat genotypes under salt stress. Better antioxidant potential, membrane stability, increased accumulation of osmolytes/phytophenolics, and higher K+/Na+ ratio under 200 mM NaCl stress identified Kharchia-65 to be the most salt-tolerant cultivar. By contrast, increased MDA level, reduced soluble sugar, proline, total chlorophyll, total phenolics contents, and lower antioxidant potential in HD-2329 marked it to be sensitive to the stress. Genetic and bioinformatics analyses of HKT1;4 of contrasting genotypes (Kharchia-65 and HD-2329) revealed deletions, transitions, and transversions resulting into altered structure, loss of conserved motifs (Ser-Gly-Gly-Gly and Gly-Arg) and function in salt-sensitive (HD-2329) genotype. Expression analysis of HKTs rationalized the observed responses. Epigenetic variations in cytosine methylation explained tissue- and genotype-specific differential expression of HKT2;1 and HKT2;3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR – Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
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