101
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Martin SF, Esser PR. Innate Immune Mechanisms in Contact Dermatitis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 268:297-310. [PMID: 34173865 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergies are highly prevalent hypersensitivity responses to usually harmless substances. They are mediated by the immune system which causes pathologic responses such as type I (rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic asthma, atopy) or type IV hypersensitivity (allergic contact dermatitis). The different types of allergy are mediated by effector and memory T cells and, in the case of type I hypersensitivity, B cells. A prerequisite for the activation of these cells of the adaptive immune system is the activation of the innate immune system. The resulting inflammation is essential not only for the initiation but also for the elicitation and maintenance of allergies. Great progress has been made in the elucidation of the cellular and molecular pathomechanisms underlying allergen-induced inflammation. It is now recognized that the innate immune system in concert with tissue stress and damage responses orchestrates inflammation. This should enable the development of novel mechanism-based anti-inflammatory treatment strategies as well as of animal-free in vitro assays for the identification and potency classification of contact allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Forschergruppe Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Forschergruppe Allergologie, Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Freiburg, Germany.
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102
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Keratinocytes Regulate the Threshold of Inflammation by Inhibiting T Cell Effector Functions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071606. [PMID: 34206914 PMCID: PMC8306889 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst the importance of keratinocytes as a first-line defense has been widely investigated, little is known about their interactions with non-resident immune cells. In this study, the impact of human keratinocytes on T cell effector functions was analyzed in an antigen-specific in vitro model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to nickel sulfate. Keratinocytes partially inhibited T cell proliferation and cytokine production. This effect was dependent on the keratinocyte/T cell ratio and was partially reversible by increasing the number of autologous dendritic cells. The inhibition of T cell proliferation by keratinocytes was independent of the T cell subtype and antigen presentation by different professional antigen-presenting cells. Autologous and heterologous keratinocytes showed comparable effects, while the fixation of keratinocytes with paraformaldehyde abrogated the immunosuppressive effect. The separation of keratinocytes and T cells by a transwell chamber, as well as a cell-free keratinocyte supernatant, inhibited T cell effector functions to the same amount as directly co-cultured keratinocytes, thus proving that soluble factor/s account for the observed suppressive effects. In conclusion, keratinocytes critically control the threshold of inflammatory processes in the skin by inhibiting T cell proliferation and cytokine production.
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103
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Nickel Hypersensitivity to Atrial Septal Occluders: Smoke Without Fire? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:476-483. [PMID: 34129170 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nickel is one of the most common contact allergens worldwide; it is used as the main component of the devices used for atrial septal defects (ASDs) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. Developing nickel hypersensitivity after PFO/ASD occlusion is significantly rarer described in medical literature than typical nickel contact sensitization. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of this "device syndrome" remains unknown, and many question the real incidence or even the existence of this clinical entity. Nevertheless, it has been associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms, including chest pain, migraines, palpitation, and dyspnea. Skin patch tests are the first-line approach to diagnose nickel hypersensitivity. However, diagnostic criteria for the device syndrome have not been developed, and diagnosis in reported cases is established by a process of elimination. Management-drug therapy (corticosteroids, clopidogrel, etc.) or even surgical explantation in severe cases-of patients developing such clinical manifestations after percutaneous PFO/ASD occlusion is empirical. Undoubtedly, endocardiac device-related nickel hypersensitivity requires more focused research to discover the underlying mechanism as well as to develop reliable prognostic tests for detecting high-risk patients and preventing severe nickel hypersensitivity reactions.
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104
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Su W, Yu J, Liu Q, Ma L, Huang Y. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling induced itch and pain sensation in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920926426. [PMID: 32418467 PMCID: PMC7543150 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920926426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is a skin inflammatory disease manifested with itch and pain symptom around the inflamed area. Chemokines such as CXCL12 are involved in the pathophysiology of allergic contact dermatitis, but little has been known about the effect of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling for nociceptive sensation accompanying allergic contact dermatitis. Our study showed that CXCL12 and CXCR4 were upregulated in trigeminal ganglion with the progression of allergic contact dermatitis through western blotting and immunofluorescence. CXCL12 and CXCR4 were mainly upregulated in small-diameter neurons, which were co-localized with nociceptive markers in trigeminal ganglion. CXCR4 and CXCL12 were also expressed in trigeminal ganglion neurons retrograded from the skin lesion. Intradermal injection of CXCL12 enhanced the itch- and pain-like behavior which could be relieved by AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, without changes of mast cells. Our findings suggested that blockade of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway might be beneficial to relieve itch and pain sensation accompanying allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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105
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Scheinman PL, Vocanson M, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Nixon RL, Dear K, Botto NC, Morot J, Goldminz AM. Contact dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34045488 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is among the most common inflammatory dermatological conditions and includes allergic CD, photoallergic CD, irritant CD, photoirritant CD (also called phototoxic CD) and protein CD. Occupational CD can be of any type and is the most prevalent occupational skin disease. Each CD type is characterized by different immunological mechanisms and/or requisite exposures. Clinical manifestations of CD vary widely and multiple subtypes may occur simultaneously. The diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, thorough exposure assessment and evaluation with techniques such as patch testing and skin-prick testing. Management is based on patient education, avoidance strategies of specific substances, and topical treatments; in severe or recalcitrant cases, which can negatively affect the quality of life of patients, systemic medications may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Scheinman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosemary L Nixon
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dear
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina C Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Morot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Ari M Goldminz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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106
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Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Contact Sensitization with respect to the Occupational Profiles in a Greek Patient Cohort: A Retrospective Analysis of a Greek Referral Centre and Future Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6672506. [PMID: 34041301 PMCID: PMC8121586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6672506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis is a frequent skin disorder related to environmental and occupational etiological factors, which could potentially affect all age groups, as well as both genders. The current study is aimed at exploring the patterns of contact sensitization with respect to the population's occupational patterns in Greece. A retrospective analysis was performed in a cohort of 1978 patients from 2014 to 2016. Patients were divided into two categories; blue collars (BlC) and white collars (WhC), as well as detailed occupation was considered. Separation was performed on the basis of their profession, i.e., labor workers and handicraftsmen were sorted to the BlC group, while office employees were sorted to the WhC group. The common allergen in all occupational subgroups was nickel sulphate. The three most prevalent allergens in both BlC and WhC were nickel sulphate 5%, fragrance mix (I) 8%, and Balsam of Peru 25%. WhC males were uniquely sensitized to colophony 20% and formaldehyde 2%, and WhC females were uniquely sensitized to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and neomycin sulphate 20%. Sensitization to allergens manifested occupation-specific patterns. Allergic contact dermatitis surveillance is of great importance towards the clinical and systematic understanding of the disease, especially with respect to the patient's occupational profile.
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107
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Kluger N. Nickel and tattoos: Where are we? Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:136-140. [PMID: 33880790 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tattoos are not mentioned as a source of exposure to nickel. Traces of nickel are, however, almost inevitably found in tattoo inks as impurities and sometimes in tattooed skin. Whether nickel in tattoos has any health consequence is debated. We performed a narrative review of what is currently known about this topic. Today, nickel is frequently detected in inks, but at highly variable levels. It appears to be at higher concentrations in green, blue, and sometimes brown and violet inks. Only nickel allergy in tattooed individuals and nickel-associated tattoo ink allergy are addressed in the literature. Reports of tattoo ink allergy related to nickel are rare and heterogenous. Authors often neglect possible implications of other metals or dyes. A positive patch test is not enough to confirm the role of nickel in a reaction observed after tattooing. We found no report of any systemic complication attributed to nickel from tattoos. The Council of Europe ResAP(2008)1 bans the presence of nickel at high levels in tattoo inks, which is a safety net for individuals with nickel allergy. Large epidemiologic case-control studies with systematic biopsies on normal and inflamed tattoos and patch testing would help to understand the role of nickel in tattoo ink allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Helsinki University Hospital & University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- "Tattoo" Consultation, Department of Dermatology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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108
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Cherry N, Galarneau JM. Occupational Dermatitis in Welding: Does Nickel Exposure Account for Higher Rates in Women? Analysis of a Canadian Cohort. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:183-195. [PMID: 32430497 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women are reported to have higher rates of nickel sensitization than men, but there have been few studies of sex-related differences in dermatitis associated with occupational nickel exposure. This analysis examines dermatitis in a large cohort of women and men in welding and electrical occupations and considers how far differences in rates of dermatitis may be accounted for by nickel exposure. METHODS Women and men were recruited to cohorts of workers who had entered welding and electrical apprenticeships (the WHAT-ME and WHAT-MEN studies). Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and every 6 months for up to 5 years. At each contact, cohort members were asked about current dermatitis and whether it was made worse by work. From the first follow-up after recruitment, those working in their trade completed detailed subroutines about tasks in their trade including, for welders, the process, base metal, and consumables. Exposures were considered by trade and, within welding, by stainless or high alloy steel (SOHAS) as the base metal. Urinary nickel concentration was also examined. Using only report of dermatitis that began after entry to the trade, new-onset dermatitis, all episodes of dermatitis, and dermatitis made worse by work were examined against exposure by multilevel, multivariable logistic regression, allowing for potential confounding. RESULTS Among 1885 participants (welders; 447 women, 554 men: electrical trades; 438 women, 446 men), 200 reported dermatitis that started before they entered the trade, leaving 1685 for analysis. Women, but not men, who had entered the welding trades were more at risk of new onset [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.32] or dermatitis episodes (OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.10-2.77) than those entering the electrical trades. Within welding, women were more at risk than men of new-onset dermatitis (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.15-2.96) and dermatitis episodes (2.14; 95% CI 1.24-3.68) but were not more likely to report these were made worse by work. Use of SOHAS as the base metal was associated with reports that dermatitis was made worse by work (3.54; 95% CI 1.04-12.03), but having adjusted for SOHAS use, women still remained at greater risk. A final analysis considered the effect on risk estimates of removing those welding SOHAS from the analysis. The risk for women of episodes of dermatitis was essentially unchanged, whether the comparison group was male welders or women in the electrical trades. CONCLUSIONS Welding is associated with risk of dermatitis in women. Although welding of SOHAS was associated with dermatitis that was made worse by work, it does not importantly explain the higher female rates in welding and other causes must be examined to support preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cherry
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, 5-22 University Terrace, 8303 112 St, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Galarneau
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, 5-22 University Terrace, 8303 112 St, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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109
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Blom LH, Elrefaii SA, Zachariae C, Thyssen JP, Poulsen LK, Johansen JD. Memory T helper cells identify patients with nickel, cobalt, and chromium metal allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:7-16. [PMID: 33576045 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patch testing is the gold standard for identifying culprit allergens in allergic contact dermatitis; however, it is laborious and positive reactions are difficult to quantitate. Development of complementary in vitro tests is, therefore, of great importance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to improve the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) to detect allergic responses to nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr). METHODS Twenty-one metal allergic patients with a positive patch test to Ni (n=16), Co (n=8), and Cr (n=3) and 13 controls were included. All were tested by a flow cytometric LPT. RESULTS Metal-reactive cells were identified as T helper (Th) cells with high expression of the memory marker CD45RO. Skin-homing (cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen positive [CLA+]) Ni-reactive memory Th (Thmem hi ) cells identified individuals with a positive patch test for Ni with 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 81%-100%) and 92% specificity (95% CI 67%-100%). Moreover, Co-specific Thmem hi cells expressing CCR6 identified patients with a positive patch test for Co with 63% sensitivity (95% CI 31%-86%) and 100% specificity (95% CI 77%-100%). In Cr allergic individuals, Cr-reactive Thmem hi cells tended to increased CLA and CCR6 expression. CONCLUSION Metal-reactive Th cells with high expression of CD45RO and coexpression of CLA and CCR6 improved the LPT, making it an attractive supplement to the patch test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Blom
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sali A Elrefaii
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars K Poulsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
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110
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Yuan J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Mo Y, Zhang Q. Effects of metal nanoparticles on tight junction-associated proteins via HIF-1α/miR-29b/MMPs pathway in human epidermal keratinocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:13. [PMID: 33740985 PMCID: PMC7980342 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing use of metal nanoparticles in industry and biomedicine raises the risk for unintentional exposure. The ability of metal nanoparticles to penetrate the skin ranges from stopping at the stratum corneum to passing below the dermis and entering the systemic circulation. Despite the potential health risks associated with skin exposure to metal nanoparticles, the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of metal nanoparticles on skin keratinocytes remain unclear. In this study, we proposed that exposure of human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) to metal nanoparticles, such as nickel nanoparticles, dysregulates tight-junction associated proteins by interacting with the HIF-1α/miR-29b/MMPs axis. Methods We performed dose-response and time-response studies in HaCaT cells to observe the effects of Nano-Ni or Nano-TiO2 on the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and on the expression of tight junction-associated proteins, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, miR-29b, and HIF-1α. In the dose-response studies, cells were exposed to 0, 10, or 20 μg/mL of Nano-Ni or Nano-TiO2 for 24 h. In the time-response studies, cells were exposed to 20 μg/mL of Nano-Ni for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h. After treatment, cells were collected to either assess the expression of mRNAs and miR-29b by real-time PCR or to determine the expression of tight junction-associated proteins and HIF-1α nuclear accumulation by Western blot and/or immunofluorescent staining; the conditioned media were collected to evaluate the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities by gelatin zymography assay. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying Nano-Ni-induced dysregulation of tight junction-associated proteins, we employed a HIF-1α inhibitor, CAY10585, to perturb HIF-1α accumulation in one experiment, and transfected a miR-29b-3p mimic into the HaCaT cells before Nano-Ni exposure in another experiment. Cells and conditioned media were collected, and the expression and activities of MMPs and the expression of tight junction-associated proteins were determined as described above. Results Exposure of HaCaT cells to Nano-Ni resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 and the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. However, exposure of cells to Nano-TiO2 did not cause these effects. Nano-Ni caused a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of miR-29b and tight junction-associated proteins, such as ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1, while Nano-TiO2 did not. Nano-Ni also caused a dose-dependent increase in HIF-1α nuclear accumulation. The time-response studies showed that Nano-Ni caused significantly increased expressions of MMP-2 at 24 h, MMP-9 at 12, 24, and 48 h, TIMP-1 from 24 to 72 h, and TIMP-2 from 12 to 72 h post-exposure. The expression of miR-29b and tight junction-associated proteins such as ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 decreased as early as 12 h post-exposure, and their levels declined gradually over time. Pretreatment of cells with a HIF-1α inhibitor, CAY10585, abolished Nano-Ni-induced miR-29b down-regulation and MMP-2/9 up-regulation. Introduction of a miR-29b-3p mimic into HaCaT cells by transfection before Nano-Ni exposure ameliorated Nano-Ni-induced increased expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and restored Nano-Ni-induced down-regulation of tight junction-associated proteins. Conclusion Our study herein demonstrated that exposure of human epidermal keratinocytes to Nano-Ni caused increased HIF-1α nuclear accumulation and increased transcription and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and down-regulation of miR-29b and tight junction-associated proteins. Nano-Ni-induced miR-29b down-regulation was through Nano-Ni-induced HIF-1α nuclear accumulation. Restoration of miR-29b level by miR-29b-3p mimic transfection abolished Nano-Ni-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation and down-regulation of tight junction-associated proteins. In summary, our results demonstrated that Nano-Ni-induced dysregulation of tight junction-associated proteins in skin keratinocytes was via HIF-1α/miR-29b/MMPs pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00405-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yuan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yuanbao Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yiqun Mo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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111
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DeKoven JG, DeKoven BM, Warshaw EM, Mathias CGT, Taylor JS, Sasseville D, Belsito DV, Fowler JF, Pratt MD, Zug KA, Maibach HI, DeLeo VA, Silverberg JI, Atwater AR, Reeder MJ, Holness DL. Occupational contact dermatitis: Retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001 to 2016. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:782-790. [PMID: 33753252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patch testing is an important diagnostic tool for suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in occupational settings. OBJECTIVE Provide an overview of occupational skin disease (OSD) and an analysis of occupational ACD in North American patients undergoing patch testing between 2001and 2016. METHODS Patients with OSD were analyzed for frequency of allergic reactions to a screening series of allergens, occupational relevance, location of skin disease, and exposure sources. Demographic, occupation, and industry information were recorded. RESULTS Of 38,614 patients evaluated, 4471 (11.6%) had OSD, of whom 3150 (70.5%) had ACD. The most common occupationally related allergens included rubber accelerators, preservatives, and bisphenol A epoxy resin. Hands (75.8%), arms (30.0%), and face (15.9%) were common sites of dermatitis. The occupations most affected were service workers and machine operators. LIMITATIONS Our cohort may not reflect the general working population. CONCLUSION This study identified common occupational allergens, exposure sources, and occupations/industries at risk. This information may help the clinician evaluate and manage patients with occupational contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G DeKoven
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Benjamin M DeKoven
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin M Warshaw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - James S Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Joseph F Fowler
- Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Melanie D Pratt
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn A Zug
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Howard I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Vincent A DeLeo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Amber R Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Margo J Reeder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - D Linn Holness
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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112
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Wennervaldt M, Ahlström MG, Menné T, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD. Nickel release from metallic earrings: A survey of the Danish market and validation of the nickel spot test. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:178-185. [PMID: 33713466 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to nickel-releasing ear-piercing jewellery may explain the persistently high prevalence of nickel allergy in Europe. While nickel release from earrings is regulated, field studies show that the regulation is not always respected. More knowledge is needed regarding the risk of piercing exposure including suitable screening methods. OBJECTIVE To examine the proportion of earrings on the Danish market that release more nickel than allowed, and to validate the use of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test as a screening tool. METHODS A total of 304 earrings were purchased and tested with the DMG test and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The level of nickel release was quantified in a selected subsample of 100 earrings by the European reference test EN 1811. The DMG spot test was validated against EN 1811 at different thresholds. RESULTS Excessive nickel release according to the European regulation was found in 45 (14.8%) tested earrings. The sensitivity of the DMG test decreased with reduced levels of nickel release (sensitivity of 45.2% at ≥0.2 μg/cm2 /week vs 61.1% at >0.5 μg/cm2 /week). CONCLUSION Excessive nickel release is common in earrings on the Danish market. Because of low sensitivity, the DMG test has limited use in screening of earrings for research but may still be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wennervaldt
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Malin G Ahlström
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Torkil Menné
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
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113
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Wisgrill L, Werner P, Jalonen E, Berger A, Lauerma A, Alenius H, Fyhrquist N. Integrative transcriptome analysis deciphers mechanisms of nickel contact dermatitis. Allergy 2021; 76:804-815. [PMID: 32706929 PMCID: PMC7984291 DOI: 10.1111/all.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Nickel‐induced allergic contact dermatitis (nACD) remains a major occupational skin disorder, significantly impacting the quality of life of suffering patients. Complex cellular compositional changes and associated immunological pathways are partly resolved in humans; thus, the impact of nACD on human skin needs to be further elucidated. Methods To decipher involved immunological players and pathways, human skin biopsies were taken at 0, 2, 48, and 96 hours after nickel patch test in six nickel‐allergic patients. Gene expression profiles were analyzed via microarray. Results Leukocyte deconvolution of nACD‐affected skin identified major leukocyte compositional changes at 48 and 96 hours, including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophage polarization, and T‐cell immunity. Gene set enrichment analysis mirrored cellular‐linked functional pathways enriched over time. NK cell infiltration and cytotoxic pathways were uniquely found in nACD‐affected skin compared to sodium lauryl sulfate–induced irritant skin reactions. Conclusion These results highlight key immunological leukocyte subsets as well as associated pathways in nACD, providing insights into pathophysiology with the potential to unravel novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paulina Werner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Erja Jalonen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Antti Lauerma
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Human Microbiome Program (HUMI) MedicumUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Nanna Fyhrquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Human Microbiome Program (HUMI) MedicumUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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114
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Abstract
Nickel remains the most commonly identified contact allergen. However, it has proven difficult to demonstrate significant skin-sensitizing activity for nickel in toxicology tests, which typically have indicated a weak skin sensitization potential. Information indicates that in vivo assays are not predictive of dermal sensitization hazard or potency for nickel due to a human-specific mechanistic route for nickel sensitization that animals lack. A similar rationale will apply to in vitro alternatives-although these currently have limited ability to determine intrinsic potency. Generally, in silico methods are not designed for metal allergens and cannot contribute to the analysis. For ethical reasons, human experimental work has been limited, with a single study suggesting moderate potency. Accordingly, it seems reasonable to conclude that the high frequency of contact allergy to nickel in humans is a function of both its intermediate potency coupled with a high level of dermal exposure, particularly to damaged/inflamed skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Basketter
- From the DABMEB Consultancy Ltd, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
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115
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Teo WL. The "Maskne" microbiome - pathophysiology and therapeutics. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:799-809. [PMID: 33576511 PMCID: PMC8013758 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
"Maskne" is a new term coined during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. It refers to a subset of acne mechanica, deserving consideration in view of widespread reusable fabric mask-wearing to control the pandemic worldwide. Understanding of underlying pathophysiology directly relates to the novel skin microenvironment and textile-skin friction created by mask-wearing, distinct from nontextile-related acne mechanica previously linked to wearing of headgear. Specifically, the occlusive microenvironment leads to microbiome dysbiosis, which is linked to various dermatological conditions. Additional textile-skin interactions include factors such as breathability, stickiness sensations, moisture saturation, and hygiene maintenance. Increased skin temperatures can trigger sweat/heat-related dermatoses, and ear loops potentially trigger pressure-induced dermatoses. Important therapeutic considerations include increased skin irritation potential of conventional acne treatments under occlusion, exacerbation of chronic dermatoses, that is, perioral dermatitis, rosacea, and eczema, and susceptibility of these same patient groups to heightened discomfort with mask-wearing. Cotton, as the traditional fabric of choice for dermatology patients, has limited benefits in the context of face masks - increased subjective discomfort relates to increased moisture saturation and stickiness, inevitable because of high biofluid load of the nasal and oral orifices. Prolonged textile-skin contact time, directly proportional to the risk of maskne, can be an opportunity for the application of biofunctional textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lin Teo
- TWL Specialist Skin & Laser Centre, Singapore
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116
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Aonuma E, Tamura A, Matsuda H, Asakawa T, Sakamaki Y, Otsubo K, Nibe Y, Onizawa M, Nemoto Y, Nagaishi T, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Uo M, Watanabe M, Okamoto R, Oshima S. Nickel ions attenuate autophagy flux and induce transglutaminase 2 (TG2) mediated post-translational modification of SQSTM1/p62. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 542:17-23. [PMID: 33482469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nickel, the most frequent contact allergy cause, is widely used for various metallic materials and medical devices. Autophagy is an intracellular protein degradation system and contributes to metal recycling. However, it is unclear the functions of nickel in autophagy. We here demonstrated that NiCl2 induced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and LC3 puncta, markers of autophagosomes. Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) treatment did not enhance LC3 puncta under NiCl2 stimulation, suggesting that NiCl2 did not induce autophagic flux. In addition, NiCl2 promotes the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 and increased SQSTM1/p62 colocalization with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). These data indicated that NiCl2 attenuates autophagic flux. Interestingly, NiCl2 induced the expression of the high-molecular-weight (MW) form of SQSTM1/p62. Inhibition of NiCl2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduced the high-MW SQSTM1/p62. We also showed that NiCl2-induced ROS activate transglutaminase (TG) activity. We found that transglutaminase 2 (TG2) inhibition reduced high-MW SQSTM1/p62 and SQSTM1/p62 puncta under NiCl2 stimulation, indicating that TG2 regulates SQSTM1/p62 protein homeostasis under NiCl2 stimulation. Our study demonstrated that nickel ion regulates autophagy flux and TG2 restricted nickel-dependent proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Aonuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehito Asakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Microscopy Research Support Unit Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Otsubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nibe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Onizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for GI Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Research and Development for Organoids, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Uo
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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117
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The effectiveness of a nonalcoholic disinfectant containing metal ions, with broad antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1072. [PMID: 33441812 PMCID: PMC7806819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disinfectants have different efficacies depending on their use and the target microorganism. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our new nonalcoholic disinfectant, which consists mainly of metal ions. According to the 17th revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia and ASTM international E1052 method, the bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of this new disinfectant against 13 microorganisms was evaluated by the in vitro quantitative suspension test. Additionally, the disinfectant cytotoxicity against multiple cell lines was examined. Then, a safety test using a human open patch test was performed with 26 healthy volunteers. This disinfectant showed strong bactericidal and virucidal activities: all microorganisms except enterovirus were inactivated very quickly. The infectivity of 12 microbial strains was eliminated within 5 min of disinfectant exposure. Additionally, this disinfectant showed little acute cytotoxicity in vitro. All volunteers were negative in the human open patch test. Our new disinfectant has a broad spectrum of microbial targets, is safe for human skin, and demonstrates no cytotoxicity. This disinfectant could prevent common microbial infections.
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118
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Yu CH, Chiang PY, Yeh YC. Di(2-picolyl)amine-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with tailorable metal–ligand coordination crosslinking. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of metallo-hydrogels has been developed using di(2-picolyl)amine (DPA)-functionalized 4-arm polyethylene glycol (4A-PEG-DPAn) polymers crosslinked by metal–ligand coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsuan Yu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chiang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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119
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The European Baseline Series. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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120
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Palani P, Karpagam S. Conjugated polymers – a versatile platform for various photophysical, electrochemical and biomedical applications: a comprehensive review. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuneable properties of conjugated polymers are attractive for use in multiple domains like optical, electronic and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Palani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Karpagam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India
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121
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Dear K, Toholka R, Nixon R. Occupational skin disease in mining: an Australian case series. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:504-510. [PMID: 33372583 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1857674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mining industry has one of the highest rates of occupational disease across all industries. However, occupational skin disease (OSD) is not commonly reported in this industry, although has been estimated to affect up to 51 people per 100,000 workers, with contact dermatitis accounting for the majority of cases. It often has a poor prognosis and leads to days lost from work. There have been relatively few reports regarding the specific forms of OSD encountered by miners worldwide. We report our experience of miners attending our Occupational Dermatology Clinic and our investigations at two Australian mines. We compare our findings with other reports of OSD in the mining population. The most commonly observed skin condition was irritant contact dermatitis, but miliaria and allergic contact dermatitis were also observed. It is not surprising that most cases of OSD appear to be related to harsh working conditions and exposures to multiple skin irritants, however, specific exposures causing ACD should not be forgotten. Our findings are consistent with previous studies of OSD in miners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dear
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Toholka
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosemary Nixon
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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122
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The Many Faces of CD4 + T Cells: Immunological and Structural Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010073. [PMID: 33374787 PMCID: PMC7796221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major arm of the cellular immune response, CD4+ T cells are important in the control and clearance of infections. Primarily described as helpers, CD4+ T cells play an integral role in the development and activation of B cells and CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells are incredibly heterogeneous, and can be divided into six main lineages based on distinct profiles, namely T helper 1, 2, 17 and 22 (Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22), regulatory T cells (Treg) and T follicular helper cells (Tfh). Recent advances in structural biology have allowed for a detailed characterisation of the molecular mechanisms that drive CD4+ T cell recognition. In this review, we discuss the defining features of the main human CD4+ T cell lineages and their role in immunity, as well as their structural characteristics underlying their detection of pathogens.
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123
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Nickel Sensitivity Is Associated with GH-IGF1 Axis Impairment and Pituitary Abnormalities on MRI in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249733. [PMID: 33419306 PMCID: PMC7766406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a ubiquitous metal, the exposure of which is implied in the development of contact dermatitis (nickel allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD)) and Systemic Ni Allergy Syndrome (SNAS), very common among overweight/obese patients. Preclinical studies have linked Ni exposure to abnormal production/release of Growth Hormone (GH), and we previously found an association between Ni-ACD/SNAS and GH-Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis dysregulation in obese individuals, altogether suggesting a role for this metal as a pituitary disruptor. We herein aimed to directly evaluate the pituitary gland in overweight/obese patients with signs/symptoms suggestive of Ni allergy, exploring the link with GH secretion; 859 subjects with overweight/obesity and suspected of Ni allergy underwent Ni patch tests. Among these, 106 were also suspected of GH deficiency (GHD) and underwent dynamic testing as well as magnetic resonance imaging for routine follow up of benign diseases or following GHD diagnosis. We report that subjects with Ni allergies show a greater GH-IGF1 axis impairment, a higher prevalence of Empty Sella (ES), a reduced pituitary volume and a higher normalized T2 pituitary intensity compared to nonallergic ones. We hypothesize that Ni may be detrimental to the pituitary gland, through increased inflammation, thus contributing to GH-IGF1 axis dysregulation.
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124
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Ertugrul A, Hizli Demirkale Z, Bostanci I. Nickel allergy in an adolescent mimicking angioedema. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:263-265. [PMID: 33058191 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Ertugrul
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Department, University of Health Sciences Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Hizli Demirkale
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Department, University of Health Sciences Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Bostanci
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Department, University of Health Sciences Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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125
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Machine-learning-driven biomarker discovery for the discrimination between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33474-33485. [PMID: 33318199 PMCID: PMC7776829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009192117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact dermatitis tremendously impacts the quality of life of suffering patients. Currently, diagnostic regimes rely on allergy testing, exposure specification, and follow-up visits; however, distinguishing the clinical phenotype of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis remains challenging. Employing integrative transcriptomic analysis and machine-learning approaches, we aimed to decipher disease-related signature genes to find suitable sets of biomarkers. A total of 89 positive patch-test reaction biopsies against four contact allergens and two irritants were analyzed via microarray. Coexpression network analysis and Random Forest classification were used to discover potential biomarkers and selected biomarker models were validated in an independent patient group. Differential gene-expression analysis identified major gene-expression changes depending on the stimulus. Random Forest classification identified CD47, BATF, FASLG, RGS16, SYNPO, SELE, PTPN7, WARS, PRC1, EXO1, RRM2, PBK, RAD54L, KIFC1, SPC25, PKMYT, HISTH1A, TPX2, DLGAP5, TPX2, CH25H, and IL37 as potential biomarkers to distinguish allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in human skin. Validation experiments and prediction performances on external testing datasets demonstrated potential applicability of the identified biomarker models in the clinic. Capitalizing on this knowledge, novel diagnostic tools can be developed to guide clinical diagnosis of contact allergies.
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126
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Guo H, Liu H, Jian Z, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L, He R, Tang H. Immunotoxicity of nickel: Pathological and toxicological effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111006. [PMID: 32684520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a widely distributed metal in the environment and an important pollutant because of its many industrial applications. With increasing incidences of Ni contamination, Ni toxicity has become a global public health concern and recent evidence suggests that Ni adversely affects the immune system. Hence, this paper reviews the literature on immune-related effects of Ni exposure, the immunotoxicological effects of Ni, and the underlying mechanism of Ni immunotoxicity. The main focus was on the effect of Ni on the development of organs of immune system, lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokines, immunoglobulins, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. Moreover, Ni toxicity also induces inflammation and several studies demonstrated that Ni could induce immunotoxicity. Excessive Ni exposure can inhibit the development of immune organs by excessively inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation. Furthermore, Ni can decrease T and B lymphocytes, the specific mechanism of which requires further research. The effects of Ni on immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM remain unknown and while Ni inhibited IgA, IgG, and IgM levels in an animal experiment, the opposite result was found in research on humans. Ni inhibits the production of cytokines in non-inflammatory responses. Cytokine levels increased in Ni-induced inflammation responses, and Ni activates inflammation through toll like (TL)4-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transduction cascades mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Ni has been indicated to inactivate NK cells and macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the Ni-induced immunotoxicity may help to explain the growing risk of infections and cancers in human populations that have been exposed to Ni for a long time. Such knowledge may also help to prevent and treat Ni-related carcinogenicity and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ran He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
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127
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Uter W, Bauer A, Belloni Fortina A, Bircher AJ, Brans R, Buhl T, Cooper SM, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Dickel H, Dugonik A, Geier J, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gonçalo M, Johansen JD, Johnston GA, Mahler V, Rustemeyer T, Sanchez-Perez J, Schuttelaar MLA, Simon D, Spiewak R, Valiukevičienė S, Weisshaar E, White IR, Wilkinson M. Patch test results with the European baseline series and additions thereof in the ESSCA network, 2015-2018. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:109-120. [PMID: 32945543 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical surveillance of the prevalence of contact allergy in consecutively patch tested patients is a proven instrument to continually assess the importance of contact allergens (haptens) assembled in a baseline series. OBJECTIVES To present current results from the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies, including 13 countries represented by 1 to 11 departments. METHODS Anonymized or pseudonymized patch test and clinical data from various data capture systems used locally or nationally as transferred to the Erlangen data centre were pooled and descriptively analysed after quality control. RESULTS In the 4 years (2015-2018), data from 51 914 patients patch tested with the European baseline series (EBS) of contact allergens were analysed. Contact allergy to nickel was most frequent (17.6% positive), followed by contact allergy to fragrance mix I (6.9%), methylisothiazolinone (MI; 6.2%), and Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru; 5.8%). CONCLUSIONS While the prevalence of MI contact allergy decreased substantially following regulatory intervention, the persistently high levels of allergy to metals, fragrances, other preservatives, and rubber chemicals point to problems needing further research and, potentially, preventive efforts. Results with national additions to the baseline series provide important information on substances possibly to be considered for inclusion in the EBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Allergy Centre, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andreas J Bircher
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Richard Brans
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Timo Buhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susan M Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Dugonik
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar. Universitat Autònoma and Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Department of Dermatology, Coimbra University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Vera Mahler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Sanchez-Perez
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie L A Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Radoslaw Spiewak
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Skaidra Valiukevičienė
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ian R White
- Cutaneous Allergy Team, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Dermatology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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128
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Young TK, Gutierrez D, Zampella JG. An Overview of Penile and Scrotal Dermatoses. Urology 2020; 142:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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129
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Federer C, Kurpiers M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated Chitosans: A Multi-talented Class of Polymers for Various Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:24-56. [PMID: 32567846 PMCID: PMC7805012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various properties of chitosan can be customized by thiolation for very specific needs in a wide range of application areas. Since the discovery of thiolated chitosans, many studies have proven their advantageous characteristics, such as adhesion to biological surfaces, adjustable cross-linking and swelling behavior, controllable drug release, permeation as well as cellular uptake enhancement, inhibition of efflux pumps and enzymes, complexation of metal ions, antioxidative properties, and radical scavenging activity. Simultaneously, these polymers remain biodegradable without increased toxicity. Within this Review, an overview about the different possibilities to covalently attach sulfhydryl ligands to the polymeric backbone of chitosan is given, and the resulting versatile physiochemical properties are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of applications for thiolated chitosans in science and industry, ranging from their most advanced use in pharmaceutical and medical science over wastewater treatment to the impregnation of textiles, is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Federer
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Kurpiers
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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130
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Sindle A, Jacob SE, Martin K. Common Allergens and Considerations When Performing Pediatric Patch Testing. Dermatol Clin 2020; 38:321-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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131
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Belloni Fortina A, Caroppo F, Tadiotto Cicogna G. Allergic contact dermatitis in children. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:579-589. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1777858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Belloni Fortina
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Caroppo
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Tadiotto Cicogna
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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132
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Patch Testing With an Extended Metal Allergen Series at the Massachusetts General Hospital (2006-2017). Dermatitis 2020; 31:359-366. [PMID: 32520762 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of patch test data with an extended metal series that includes rare metals are limited. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to analyze and report patch testing results from an extended metal series, examine associations with sex and age, and highlight concomitant metal reactions. METHODS This study is a retrospective review of 150 patients referred for suspected metal allergy from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2016. RESULTS The most common indications for evaluation referral were those having symptoms after implantation of a metal device (55.3%) and those with a history and concern of metal allergy before implantation of a metal device (22.0%). One or more positive patch test reactions were observed in 87 patients (58.0%). Metals with the highest frequencies were nickel sulfate 2.5% (26.2%), gold sodium thiosulfate 0.5% (23.0%), gold sodium thiosulfate 2.0% (20.7%), palladium chloride 2.0% (19.6%), cobalt chloride 1.0% (12.0%), and manganese chloride 2.0% (10.1%). Of the 45 metals tested, 15 caused no patch test reactions. Female patients were more likely to be sensitized to nickel, gold, and palladium (P < 0.05). Younger patients (≤40 years) had higher reaction rates to nickel, mercury, palladium, and cobalt. Concomitant reactions of the top metals (nickel, palladium, gold, and cobalt) were statistically associated bidirectionally (P < 0.05), except for cobalt and gold. CONCLUSIONS Allergy to metals, including those not included in standard series, may be more prevalent than previously suspected. Results may help guide future testing for suspected metal allergy, although future studies are warranted.
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133
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Gregoriou S, Mastraftsi S, Hatzidimitriou E, Tsimpidakis A, Nicolaidou E, Stratigos A, Katsarou A, Rigopoulos D. Occupational and non‐occupational allergic contact dermatitis to hair dyes in Greece. A 10‐year retrospective study. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:277-285. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatis Gregoriou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Styliani Mastraftsi
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Eleni Hatzidimitriou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Antonis Tsimpidakis
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Electra Nicolaidou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Alexander Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Alexandra Katsarou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
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134
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Kurt OK, Basaran N. Occupational Exposure to Metals and Solvents: Allergy and Airway Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:38. [PMID: 32506296 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Occupational allergic diseases (OAD) such as occupational contact dermatitis (OCD), occupational asthma (OA), and occupational rhinitis (OR) are the most prevalent occupational diseases in industrialized countries. The purpose of this review is to provide an update about the main occupational metal and solvent exposures related to allergy and airway diseases and to discuss newly defined causative agents and industries in this field. RECENT FINDINGS Currently for over 400 causative agents for OA and OCD, several hundreds of agents for OR have been identified. Although many studies have reported an overall decline in OAD related to known agents after implementation of efficient and effective workplace preventive measures, the constant development of new products continuously introduces to the market potential unknown respiratory hazards. Workplace allergens are often high molecular weight (HMW) agents that are > 10 kDa molecular weight and capable of eliciting IgE sensitization. Sensitizing low molecular weight (LMW) agents are often reactive chemicals. Metals and solvents are two large causative agent groups related to OADs that mainly behave as LMW (< 10 kDa) sensitizers and/or irritants. Avoidance of causative exposures through control strategies is the primary prevention approach for OADs. These strategies must be applied and covered for all known and newly defined causative agents. This review aims to summarize current status of known occupational metal and solvent exposures related to allergy and airway diseases and to discuss newly defined causative agents and industries in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kar Kurt
- Department of Pulmonology and Occupational Medicine, Zonguldak Atatürk State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nursen Basaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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135
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Wezynfeld NE, Frączyk T, Bonna A, Bal W. Peptide bond cleavage in the presence of Ni-containing particles. Metallomics 2020; 12:649-653. [PMID: 32393924 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NiO nanoparticles and non-stoichiometric black NiO were shown to be effective sources of Ni2+ ions causing sequence-selective peptide bond hydrolysis. NiO nanoparticles were as effective in this reaction as their molar equivalent of soluble Ni(ii) salt. These findings highlight the efficacy of delivery of toxic Ni2+ by these environmentally available particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ewa Wezynfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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136
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Implication of T Helper Cytokines in Contact Dermatitis and Atopic Dermatitis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-020-00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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137
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Mraz V, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM. Dendritic Epidermal T Cells in Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:874. [PMID: 32508820 PMCID: PMC7248261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with a prevalence of approximately 20% in the European population. ACD is caused by contact allergens that are reactive chemicals able to modify non-immunogenic self-proteins to become immunogenic proteins. The most frequent contact allergens are metals, fragrances, and preservatives. ACD clinically manifests as pruritic eczematous lesions, erythema, local papules, and oedema. ACD is a T cell-mediated disease, involving both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, γδ T cells appear to play an important role in the immune response to contact allergens. However, it is debated whether γδ T cells act in a pro- or anti-inflammatory manner. A special subset of γδ T cells, named dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC), is found in the epidermis of mice and it plays an important role in immunosurveillance of the skin. DETC are essential in sensing the contact allergen-induced stressed environment. Thus, allergen-induced activation of DETC is partly mediated by numerous allergen-induced stress proteins expressed on the keratinocytes (KC). Several stress proteins, like mouse UL-16-binding protein-like transcript 1 (Mult-1), histocompatibility 60 (H60) and retinoic acid early inducible-1 (Rae-1) α-ε family in mice and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-chain-related A (MICA) in humans, are upregulated on allergen-exposed KC. Allergen-induced stress proteins expressed on the KC are consequently recognized by NKG2D receptor on DETC. This review focuses on the role of γδ T cells in ACD, with DETC in the spotlight, and on the role of stress proteins in contact allergen-induced activation of DETC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mraz
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Menné Bonefeld
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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138
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Pavesi T, Moreira JC. A comprehensive study of nickel levels in everyday items in Brazil. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:88-93. [PMID: 32212167 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nickel is a ubiquitous element used in many everyday items. In recent decades nickel has become a leading allergen, which has become a public health problem. OBJECTIVE To evaluate frequently used nickel products in Brazil. We investigated if these objects release nickel that is capable of inducing sensitization or cause clinical manifestations in terms of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). METHODS Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) spot tests assessed nickel release from several common utensils used in everyday life in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS We tested 46 coins (two denominations) and 90 common utensils. Approximately 91.1% produced nickel-positive results using the DMG spot test. CONCLUSIONS The DMG limit of detection was 1.67 ppm of nickel. We observed that many objects in our test series released nickel above the DMG test limit. This observation suggests that nickel-sensitive individuals may be exposed to nickel, representing a public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Pavesi
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josino C Moreira
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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139
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The Effects of Low-Nickel Diet Combined with Oral Administration of Selected Probiotics on Patients with Systemic Nickel Allergy Syndrome (SNAS) and Gut Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041040. [PMID: 32283870 PMCID: PMC7230804 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nickel (Ni) oral consumption may elicit systemic reactions in patients affected by systemic nickel allergy syndrome (SNAS), including gastrointestinal symptoms, which in turn are associated with gut dysbiosis. We evaluated the effects of a low-Ni diet alone or in combination with the oral consumption of appropriate probiotics on Ni-sensitivity and urinary dysbiosis markers in SNAS patients. Methods: n = 51 patients with SNAS and concomitant intestinal dysbiosis were enrolled in the study. According to the urinary indican/skatole levels, quantified through a colorimetric and a high-performance liquid chromatographic method, respectively, patients were assigned to a dysbiosis type/grade and followed a low-Ni diet for three months. Along with the diet, 22 patients also consumed probiotics based on the dysbiosis type. In particular, a Lactobacilli- or Bifidobacteria-containing formulation was administered to patients with fermentative or putrefactive dysbiosis, respectively, while a broad-spectrum probiotic formulation containing both Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria was administered to patients with mixed dysbiosis. After three months, patients were invited to repeat the Ni-stimulation and the dysbiosis tests. Results: The fermentative dysbiosis group represented the largest group followed by the mixed dysbiosis group, while only two patients had putrefactive dysbiosis. Overall, at three months of treatment in general (diet alone with or without probiotics), the Ni-sensitivity and dysbiosis levels were strongly ameliorated. The association of a low-Ni diet with a specific probiotic oral supplementation was significantly more effective in decreasing dysbiosis levels or reaching eubiosis than with diet alone. Conclusion: Our results, while confirming the benefits of a low-Ni diet in SNAS patients, strongly support that appropriate adjuvant treatment with probiotics significantly helps to improve intestinal dysbiosis or restore a healthy microbiota.
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140
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Contact Allergy-Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072404. [PMID: 32244763 PMCID: PMC7177224 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Contact allergy (sensitisation) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) resulting from it have a considerable public health impact. For the present review, all pertinent articles were systematically searched via Medline and Web of Science™; additionally, all available issues of the journals "Contact Dermatitis" and "Dermatitis" were manually searched, covering the years 2018-2019, thereby extending and re-focusing a previous similar review. New allergens, or previously described allergens found in a new exposure context or of other current importance, are described in sections according to substance classes, e.g., metals, preservatives, fragrances. As a common finding in many investigations, a lack of information on product composition has been noted, for instance, regarding a newly described allergen in canvas shoes (dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide) and, most notably, absence of co-operation from manufacturers of glucose-monitoring devices and insulin pumps, respectively. These latter devices have been shown to cause severe ACD in a considerable number of diabetic patients caused by the liberation of isobornyl acrylate and N,N'-dimethylacrylamide, respectively, as demonstrated by an international collaboration between dermatologists and chemists. Improved and complete ingredient labelling for all types of products, and not just cosmetics, must be put on the legislative agenda.
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141
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Kolberg L, Forster F, Gerlich J, Weinmayr G, Genuneit J, Windstetter D, Vogelberg C, von Mutius E, Nowak D, Drexler H, Schäfer T, Radon K. Nickel allergy is associated with wheezing and asthma in a cohort of young German adults: results from the SOLAR study. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00178-2019. [PMID: 32039258 PMCID: PMC6995837 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00178-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nickel allergy is the most prevalent contact allergy. It belongs to a different hypersensitivity type to asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. The aim of this analysis was to assess whether self-reported nickel allergy is associated with incident wheezing, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in young German adults, taking into account potential effect modification by sex. Methods In total, 2051 (70.6%) participants aged 19–24 years took part in the second phase of SOLAR (Study on Occupational Allergy Risks), a follow-up study of ISAAC II (the second phase of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) in Germany. Self-reported nickel allergy, as well as having pierced ears, and the three outcomes incident wheezing, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, were analysed stratified for sex. Logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders was performed. Results An association between self-reported nickel allergy and incident wheezing was observed for men and women, while only in males did pierced ears show a significant association with the outcome (adjusted OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.10–4.62). Also only in males, self-reported nickel allergy was associated with elevated odds for incident asthma (adjusted OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.22–15.41). Neither in men nor in women was a significant association observed for incident rhinoconjunctivitis. Conclusion Our results suggest that self-reported nickel allergy is associated with incident wheezing. Whether this association is due to environmental or genetic predisposition, or due to an overlap of the mechanisms of type I and type IV hypersensitivity, needs to be elucidated. Self-reported nickel allergy is associated with incident wheezing in young German males and females, and with incident asthma in males, whereas no significant association was observed for self-reported nickel allergy and incident rhinoconjunctivitishttp://bit.ly/2YHmwBA
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kolberg
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Forster
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Gerlich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Pediatric Epidemiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doris Windstetter
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Vogelberg
- Paediatric Dept, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Dr. v. Haunersches Kinderspital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Drexler
- Dept of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten Schäfer
- Dermatologische Praxis Prof. Dr. med. Torsten Schäfer, Immenstadt, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC-Health), Munich, Germany
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142
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Rizzi A, Chini R, Inchingolo R, Carusi V, Pandolfi F, Gasbarrini A, Nucera E. Nickel allergy in lipid transfer protein sensitized patients: Prevalence and clinical features. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 34:2058738420974895. [PMID: 33242297 PMCID: PMC7705783 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420974895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni), the main responsible for allergic contact dermatitis worldwide, is also involved in systemic condition called "Systemic Nickel Sulfate Allergy Syndrome (SNAS)." Likewise, IgE-mediated reactivity to Lipid Transfer Protein (LTP) represents the main cause of primary food allergy in adults of Mediterranean countries. We evaluated the prevalence of SNAS in LTP allergic patients and investigated patients' clinical features with double sensitization (LTP and Ni). A retrospective, single-center, observational study was conducted performing a complete allergological work-up including: (1) skin prick tests; (2) serum specific IgE for plant food allergens and rPru p3 (LTP); (3) patch test with 5% Ni sulfate in petrolatum. We enrolled 140 LTP allergic patients of which 36 patients (25.7% of sample) showed additional positivity to Ni patch test. Patients with double sensitization were more frequently females and reported fewer cutaneous symptoms. Higher values of sIgE for peach, apple, peanut, walnut, grain, corn, and garlic were found in LTP allergic patients, while higher values for hazelnut in the other subgroup. The prevalence of SNAS in the LTP allergic population is clinically relevant. Moreover, the clinical and immunological profiles of patients with double sensitization were different from patients monosensitized to LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rizzi
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica,
Dip. Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli
IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Chini
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica,
Dip. Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli
IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Inchingolo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Roma, Italy
- UOC Pneumologia, Dip. Scienze Mediche e
Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma,
Italy
| | - Valentina Carusi
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica,
Dip. Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli
IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Franco Pandolfi
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica,
Dip. Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli
IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Roma, Italy
- UOC Gastroenterologia, Dip. Scienze
Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma,
Italy
| | - Eleonora Nucera
- UOSD Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica,
Dip. Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli
IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Roma, Italy
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143
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The European Baseline Series. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_64-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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144
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Rosholm Comstedt L, Dahlin J, Bruze M, Åkesson A, Hindsén M, Pontén A, Isaksson M, Svedman C. Prevalence of contact allergy to metals: nickel, palladium, and cobalt in Southern Sweden from 1995-2016. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 82:218-226. [PMID: 31626332 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2001, the EU nickel directive was introduced to prevent contact allergy to nickel. Contact allergy to palladium and/or cobalt is often seen together with contact allergy to nickel. OBJECTIVES To compare the contact allergy prevalence of nickel, palladium, and cobalt allergy before and after the introduction of the EU nickel directive in consecutive patients with dermatitis. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patch test results from 1995-2016 was performed (n = 18 264). Chi-square tests were used to examine trends for nickel, palladium, and cobalt across test years. Logistic regression was used for associations. RESULTS The prevalence of nickel allergy decreased significantly in the youngest age group (6-30 years) for both female and male patients from 1995-1999 to 2012-2016: females: 33.4% to 19.1% (P < .001); males: 5.9% to 2.1% (P < .05). The concomitant reactions between nickel and palladium and nickel and cobalt among young females, respectively, also decreased significantly. Isolated palladium and cobalt allergy remained stable (1.4% and 2.3%, respectively) during the same time period for both men and women. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of nickel has decreased among young females and males suspected of contact allergy in Southern Sweden after the introduction of the EU nickel directive. There has been no change in isolated palladium or cobalt allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Dahlin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Åkesson
- Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Hindsén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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