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Blasl AT, Schulze S, Qin C, Graf LG, Vogt R, Lammers M. Post-translational lysine ac(et)ylation in health, ageing and disease. Biol Chem 2021; 403:151-194. [PMID: 34433238 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The acetylation/acylation (ac(et)ylation) of lysine side chains is a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM) regulating fundamental cellular processes with implications on the organisms' ageing process: metabolism, transcription, translation, cell proliferation, regulation of the cytoskeleton and DNA damage repair. First identified to occur on histones, later studies revealed the presence of lysine ac(et)ylation in organisms of all kingdoms of life, in proteins covering all essential cellular processes. A remarkable finding showed that the NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase Sir2 has an impact on replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggesting that lysine acetylation has a direct role in the ageing process. Later studies identified sirtuins as mediators for beneficial effects of caloric/dietary restriction on the organisms' health- or lifespan. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are only incompletely understood. Progress in mass-spectrometry, structural biology, synthetic and semi-synthetic biology deepened our understanding of this PTM. This review summarizes recent developments in the research field. It shows how lysine ac(et)ylation regulates protein function, how it is regulated enzymatically and non-enzymatically, how a dysfunction in this post-translational machinery contributes to disease development. A focus is set on sirtuins and lysine acyltransferases as these are direct sensors and mediators of the cellular metabolic state. Finally, this review highlights technological advances to study lysine ac(et)ylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Theresa Blasl
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schulze
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leonie G Graf
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Vogt
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
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Maraschi A, Gumina V, Dragotto J, Colombrita C, Mompeán M, Buratti E, Silani V, Feligioni M, Ratti A. SUMOylation Regulates TDP-43 Splicing Activity and Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5682-5702. [PMID: 34390468 PMCID: PMC8599232 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear RNA-binding protein TDP-43 forms abnormal cytoplasmic aggregates in the brains of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients and several molecular mechanisms promoting TDP-43 cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation have been proposed, including defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport, stress granules (SG) disassembly and post-translational modifications (PTM). SUMOylation is a PTM which regulates a variety of cellular processes and, similarly to ubiquitination, targets lysine residues. To investigate the possible regulatory effects of SUMOylation on TDP-43 activity and trafficking, we first assessed that TDP-43 is SUMO-conjugated in the nuclear compartment both covalently and non-covalently in the RRM1 domain at the predicted lysine 136 and SUMO-interacting motif (SIM, 106–110 residues), respectively. By using the SUMO-mutant TDP-43 K136R protein, we demonstrated that SUMOylation modifies TDP-43 splicing activity, specifically exon skipping, and influences its sub-cellular localization and recruitment to SG after oxidative stress. When promoting deSUMOylation by SENP1 enzyme over-expression or by treatment with the cell-permeable SENP1 peptide TS-1, the cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43 increased, depending on its SUMOylation. Moreover, deSUMOylation by TS-1 peptide favoured the formation of small cytoplasmic aggregates of the C-terminal TDP-43 fragment p35, still containing the SUMO lysine target 136, but had no effect on the already formed p25 aggregates. Our data suggest that TDP-43 can be post-translationally modified by SUMOylation which may regulate its splicing function and trafficking, indicating a novel and druggable mechanism to explore as its dysregulation may lead to TDP-43 pathological aggregation in ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnaMaria Maraschi
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gumina
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Dragotto
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel Mompeán
- “Rocasolano” Institute for Physical Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari” Center, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Di Cura del Policlinico, Via Giuseppe Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan Italy
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103
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Zheng S, Liu Q, Liu T, Lu X. Posttranslational modification of pyruvate kinase type M2 (PKM2): novel regulation of its biological roles to be further discovered. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:355-363. [PMID: 33835423 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PKM2, pyruvate kinase type M2, has been shown to play a key role in aerobic glycolysis and to regulate the malignant behaviors of cancer cells. Recently, PKM2 has been revealed to hold dual metabolic and nonmetabolic roles. Working as both a pyruvate kinase with catalytic activity and a protein kinase that phosphorylates its substrates, PKM2 stands at the crossroads of glycolysis and tumor growth. Recently, it was revealed that the catalytic activity of PKM2 can be regulated by its posttranslational modification (PTM). Several PTM types, including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, oxidation, hydroxylation, succinylation, and glycylation, have been gradually identified on different amino acid residues of the PKM2 coding sequence. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in understanding PKM2 PTMs and the regulatory roles conferred by PTMs during anaerobic glycolysis in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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104
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Staphylococcus aureus Decreases SUMOylation Host Response to Promote Intramacrophage Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158108. [PMID: 34360873 PMCID: PMC8347835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium that causes severe infections in soft tissue and the bloodstream. During infection, S. aureus manipulates host cell response to facilitate its own replication and dissemination. Here, we show that S. aureus significantly decreases the level of SUMOylation, an essential post-translational modification, in infected macrophages 24 h post-phagocytosis. The reduced level of SUMOylation correlates with a decrease in the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9. The over-expression of SUMO proteins in macrophages impaired bacterial intracellular proliferation and the inhibition of SUMOylation with ML-792 increased it. Together, these findings demonstrated for the first time the role of host SUMOylation response toward S. aureus infection.
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105
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Zhao W, Zhang X, Rong J. SUMOylation as a Therapeutic Target for Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:701583. [PMID: 34395563 PMCID: PMC8355363 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a prevalent and life-threatening cardiovascular disease. The main goal of existing interventional therapies is to restore coronary reperfusion while few are designed to ameliorate the pathology of heart diseases via targeting the post-translational modifications of those critical proteins. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are recently discovered to form a new type of protein post-translational modifications (PTM), known as SUMOylation. SUMOylation and deSUMOylation are dynamically balanced in the maintenance of various biological processes including cell division, DNA repair, epigenetic transcriptional regulation, and cellular metabolism. Importantly, SUMOylation plays a critical role in the regulation of cardiac functions and the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, especially in heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review summarizes the current understanding on the effects of SUMOylation and SUMOylated proteins in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and identifies the potential treatments against myocardial injury via targeting SUMO. Ultimately, this review recommends SUMOylation as a key therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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106
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Analyze the SUMOylation of IKK γ/NEMO During Genotoxic Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34236639 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1669-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important posttranslational modification of substrate proteins that regulates their functions in a variety of cellular processes including epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of gene expression, genomic stability, DNA repair, subcellular translocation, and protein turnover. The critical roles of SUMOylation in regulating NF-κB signaling is exemplified by the findings that it regulates IκBα stability, transactivity of RelA and RelB, as well as initiating the export of nuclear DNA damage signal to cytoplasmic IKK complex through NEMO SUMOylation. Detection of SUMOylated protein is technically challenging due to only a small fraction of substrate proteins is SUMOylated and this process is also reversible by highly active SUMO-deconjugating enzymes. In this protocol, we outline a method for detecting SUMOylation of NEMO in mammalian cells treated by genotoxic agents.
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107
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Enzymatic Machinery of Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modification Systems in Chondrocyte Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:62. [PMID: 34216299 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To date, a vast amount of information regarding ubiquitination (Ub) and ubiquitylation-like (Ubl) modification-related mechanisms has been reported in the context of skeletal cell homeostasis and diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on recent findings regarding the contribution of enzymatic machinery that directly adds or removes Ub and Ubl modifications from protein targets in chondrocyte homeostasis and osteoarthritis (OA) development. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanisms that promote homeostasis of articular chondrocytes are crucial for maintaining the integrity of articular joints to prevent osteoarthritis development. Articular chondrocytes are postmitotic cells that continuously produce and remodel cartilage matrix. In addition, the long lifespan of chondrocytes makes them susceptible to accumulating cellular damage. Ub and the evolutionarily conserved Ubl modifications, such as SUMOylation, ATGylation, and UFMylation, play important roles in promoting chondrocyte homeostasis, including regulating cell signaling and protein stability, resolving cellular stresses and inflammation, and maintaining differentiation and survival of chondrocytes. Uncovering new components/functions of Ub/Ubl modification machinery may provide novel drug targets to treat OA.
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108
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Delaunay K, Sellam A, Dinet V, Moulin A, Zhao M, Gelizé E, Canonica J, Naud MC, Crisanti-Lassiaz P, Behar-Cohen F. Meteorin Is a Novel Therapeutic Target for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132973. [PMID: 34279457 PMCID: PMC8268911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-angiogenic effect of MTRN (meteorin) in the laser-induced CNV rat model and explore its mechanisms of action. MTRN, thrompospondin-1, glial cell markers (GFAP, vimentin), and phalloidin were immuno-stained in non-human primate flat-mounted retinas and human retina cross sections. The effect of MTRN at different doses and time points was evaluated on laser-induced CNV at 14 days using in vivo fluorescein angiography and ex vivo quantification of CNV. A pan transcriptomic analysis of the retina and the RPE/choroid complex was used to explore MTRN effects mechanisms. In human retina, MTRN is enriched in the macula, expressed in and secreted by glial cells, and located in photoreceptor cells, including in nuclear bodies. Intravitreal MTRN administered preventively reduced CNV angiographic scores and CNV size in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose, administered at day 7, also reduced CNV. MTRN, which is regulated by mineralocorticoid receptor modulators in the rat retina, regulates pathways associated with angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection. MTRN is a potential novel therapeutic candidate protein for wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Delaunay
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Alexandre Sellam
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Virginie Dinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM U1034, Pessac, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Min Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Emmanuelle Gelizé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Jérémie Canonica
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Marie-Christine Naud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Patricia Crisanti-Lassiaz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
- Hôpital Cochin Ophthalmopole, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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109
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Meng Y, Li X. Expression and Prognosis Analysis of SUMOylation Regulators in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on High-Throughput Sequencing. Front Genet 2021; 12:671392. [PMID: 34267779 PMCID: PMC8277238 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) originates from oral mucosal epithelial cells, accounting for more than 90% of oral cancers. The relationship between the expression and prognostic role of SUMOylation regulators in OSCC is rarely studied. Materials and methods The expression and survival data of OSCC were derived from TCGA and GEO databases. Wilcoxon test was used to determine the differential expression of the SUMOylation regulators. A prognostic model based on SUMOylation regulator-related genes was constructed by Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to predict the potential biological functions that the genes might be involved in. Results RANBP2 and SENP6 had the highest SNV frequency. Eleven genes including PIAS3, RANBP2, USPL1, SENP6, SENP2, SENP5, SAE1, UBA2, PIAS4, UBE2I, and SENP3 were highly expressed in OSCC. The prognostic model based on nine SUMOylation-regulated genes (TRIM37, UFM1, FUBP1, CCNT1, FXR1, HMG20A, RANBP3, SPATA5, and DDX23) had a strong ability to predict the prognosis of OSCC. Conclusion This study might provide targets for prognostic evaluation and targeted therapy of patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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110
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Xia Q, Mao M, Zeng Z, Luo Z, Zhao Y, Shi J, Li X. Inhibition of SENP6 restrains cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating Annexin-A1 nuclear translocation-associated neuronal apoptosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:7450-7470. [PMID: 34158860 PMCID: PMC8210613 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) has previously been proposed to play a crucial role in neuronal apoptosis during ischemic stroke injury. Our recent study demonstrated that ANXA1 was modified by SUMOylation, and that this modification was greatly weakened after cerebral ischemia, but its effect on neuronal death and the underlying mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion were established as the animal model and primary cultured neurons treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion was established as the cell model of ischemic stroke. The Ni2+-NTA agarose affinity pull-down assay was carried out to determine the SUMOylation level of ANXA1. Co-immunoprecipitation assays was utilized to explore the protein interaction. Immunoblot analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, Luciferase reporter assay were performed to identify the regulatory mechanism. LDH release and TUNEL staining was performed to investigate the neuronal cytotoxicity and apoptosis, respectively. Results: In this study, we identified the deSUMOylating enzyme sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 6 (SENP6) as a negative regulator of ANXA1 SUMOylation. Notably, we found that SENP6-mediated deSUMOylation of ANXA1 induced its nuclear translocation and triggered neuronal apoptosis during cerebral ischemic injury. A mechanistic study demonstrated that SENP6-mediated deSUMOylation of ANXA1 promoted TRPM7- and PKC-dependent phosphorylation of ANXA1. Furthermore, blocking the deSUMOylation of ANXA1 mediated by SENP6 inhibited the transcriptional activity of p53, decreased Bid expression, suppressed caspase-3 pathway activation and reduced the apoptosis of primary neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion. More importantly, SENP6 inhibition by overexpression of a SENP6 catalytic mutant in neurons resulted in significant improvement in neurological function in the mouse model of ischemic stroke. Conclusions: Taken together, the results of this study identified a previously unidentified function of SENP6 in neuronal apoptosis and strongly indicated that SENP6 inhibition may provide therapeutic benefits for cerebral ischemia.
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111
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Li X, Meng Y. Construction of a SUMOylation regulator-based prognostic model in low-grade glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5434-5442. [PMID: 33951297 PMCID: PMC8184686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low‐grade glioma (LGG) is an intracranial malignant tumour that mainly originates from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. SUMOylation is one of the post‐translational modifications but studies of SUMOylation in LGG is quite limited. Transcriptome data, single nucleotide variant (SNV) data and clinical data of LGG were derived from public databases. The differences between the expression of SUMOylation regulators in LGG and normal brain tissue were analysed. Cox regression was used to construct a prognostic model in the training cohort. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and ROC curves were plotted in the training and the validation cohort to evaluate the effectiveness of the prognostic model. GO and KEGG analyses were applied to preliminarily analyse the biological functions. Compared with normal brain tissue, SENP1 and SENP7 were up‐regulated and SENP5 was down‐regulated in LGG. SUMOylation regulators may be involved in functions such as mRNA splicing, DNA replication, ATPase activity and spliceosome. One prognostic model was established based on the 4 SUMOylation regulator‐related signatures (RFWD3, MPHOSPH9, WRN and NUP155), which had a good predictive ability for overall survival. This study is expected to provide targets for the diagnosis and treatment of low‐grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutong Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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112
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Krassowski M, Pellegrina D, Mee MW, Fradet-Turcotte A, Bhat M, Reimand J. ActiveDriverDB: Interpreting Genetic Variation in Human and Cancer Genomes Using Post-translational Modification Sites and Signaling Networks (2021 Update). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626821. [PMID: 33834021 PMCID: PMC8021862 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the functional impact of genetic variation is required to understand phenotypic diversity and the molecular mechanisms of inherited disease and cancer. While millions of genetic variants are now mapped in genome sequencing projects, distinguishing functional variants remains a major challenge. Protein-coding variation can be interpreted using post-translational modification (PTM) sites that are core components of cellular signaling networks controlling molecular processes and pathways. ActiveDriverDB is an interactive proteo-genomics database that uses more than 260,000 experimentally detected PTM sites to predict the functional impact of genetic variation in disease, cancer and the human population. Using machine learning tools, we prioritize proteins and pathways with enriched PTM-specific amino acid substitutions that potentially rewire signaling networks via induced or disrupted short linear motifs of kinase binding. We then map these effects to site-specific protein interaction networks and drug targets. In the 2021 update, we increased the PTM datasets by nearly 50%, included glycosylation, sumoylation and succinylation as new types of PTMs, and updated the workflows to interpret inherited disease mutations. We added a recent phosphoproteomics dataset reflecting the cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 to predict the impact of human genetic variation on COVID-19 infection and disease course. Overall, we estimate that 16-21% of known amino acid substitutions affect PTM sites among pathogenic disease mutations, somatic mutations in cancer genomes and germline variants in the human population. These data underline the potential of interpreting genetic variation through the lens of PTMs and signaling networks. The open-source database is freely available at www.ActiveDriverDB.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Krassowski
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Pellegrina
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miles W. Mee
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amelie Fradet-Turcotte
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Universite Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec-Universite Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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113
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Stabell M, Sæther T, Røhr ÅK, Gabrielsen OS, Myklebost O. Methylation-dependent SUMOylation of the architectural transcription factor HMGA2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:91-97. [PMID: 33744765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) is a chromatin-associated protein involved in the regulation of stem cell function, embryogenesis and cancer development. Although the protein does not contain a consensus SUMOylation site, it is shown to be SUMOylated. In this study, we demonstrate that the first lysine residue in the reported K66KAE SUMOylation motif in HMGA2 can be methylated in vitro and in vivo by the Set7/9 methyltransferase. By editing the lysine, the increased hydrophobicity of the resulting 6-N-methyl-lysine transforms the sequence into a consensus SUMO motif. This post-translational editing dramatically increases the subsequent SUMOylation of this site. Furthermore, similar putative methylation-dependent SUMO motifs are found in a number of other chromatin factors, and we confirm methylation-dependent SUMOylation of a site in one such protein, the Polyhomeotic complex 1 homolog (PHC1). Together, these results suggest that crosstalk between methylation and SUMOylation is a general mode for regulation of chromatin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Stabell
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsmund K Røhr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd S Gabrielsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
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114
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Karhausen J, Ulloa L, Yang W. SUMOylation Connects Cell Stress Responses and Inflammatory Control: Lessons From the Gut as a Model Organ. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646633. [PMID: 33679811 PMCID: PMC7933481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) constitutes a key post-translational modification regulating the stability, activity, and subcellular localization of its target proteins. However, the vast numbers of identified SUMO substrates obscure a clear view on the function of SUMOylation in health and disease. This article presents a comprehensive review on the physiological relevance of SUMOylation by discussing how global SUMOylation levels—rather than specific protein SUMOylation—shapes the immune response. In particular, we highlight the growing body of work on SUMOylation in intestinal pathologies, because of the unique metabolic, infectious, and inflammatory challenges of this organ. Recent studies show that global SUMOylation can help restrain detrimental inflammation while maintaining immune defenses and tissue integrity. These results warrant further efforts to develop new therapeutic tools and strategies to control SUMOylation in infectious and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Karhausen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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115
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Antibody-free enrichment method for proteome-wide analysis of endogenous SUMOylation sites. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1154:338324. [PMID: 33736815 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification that plays crucial roles in numerous cellular processes. Although anti-SUMO antibodies have been applied to analyze exogenous and endogenous SUMOylation, such immunoprecipitation enrichment strategy is applicable only for the enrichment of one specific SUMO type in mammalian cells, unable to map the global landscape of all endogenous SUMOylation simultaneously. To address this issue, we proposed an antibody-free strategy to enrich and profile endogenous SUMO1/2/3-modified peptides simultaneously. Upon trypsin digestion, the SUMO1- and SUMO2/3-modified peptides contained SUMO remnants with 7 and 9 acidic amino acids respectively, which carried more negative charges at high pH and could interact with strong anion exchange (SAX) materials more strongly than non-SUMOylated peptides, thus enabling the specific enrichment of endogenous SUMOylated peptides. Followed by the secondary digestion with Asp-N/Glu-C to generate smaller SUMOylated peptides with proper length for MS identification, off-line high-pH C18 pre-fractionation and low pH nanoRPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, 177 SUMO1-modified sites and 74 SUMO2/3-modified sites were unbiasedly identified in HeLa cell lysate. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first antibody-free strategy to comprehensively profile various endogenous SUMOylation sites, demonstrating the great potential in the comprehensive analysis of endogenous SUMOylation across various species and organs, which might further facilitate the understanding of SUMO's function in physiology and pathology.
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116
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Boulanger M, Chakraborty M, Tempé D, Piechaczyk M, Bossis G. SUMO and Transcriptional Regulation: The Lessons of Large-Scale Proteomic, Modifomic and Genomic Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040828. [PMID: 33562565 PMCID: PMC7915335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One major role of the eukaryotic peptidic post-translational modifier SUMO in the cell is transcriptional control. This occurs via modification of virtually all classes of transcriptional actors, which include transcription factors, transcriptional coregulators, diverse chromatin components, as well as Pol I-, Pol II- and Pol III transcriptional machineries and their regulators. For many years, the role of SUMOylation has essentially been studied on individual proteins, or small groups of proteins, principally dealing with Pol II-mediated transcription. This provided only a fragmentary view of how SUMOylation controls transcription. The recent advent of large-scale proteomic, modifomic and genomic studies has however considerably refined our perception of the part played by SUMO in gene expression control. We review here these developments and the new concepts they are at the origin of, together with the limitations of our knowledge. How they illuminate the SUMO-dependent transcriptional mechanisms that have been characterized thus far and how they impact our view of SUMO-dependent chromatin organization are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Boulanger
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mehuli Chakraborty
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Denis Tempé
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (M.C.); (D.T.)
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.)
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117
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Collados Rodríguez M. The Fate of Speckled Protein 100 (Sp100) During Herpesviruses Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:607526. [PMID: 33598438 PMCID: PMC7882683 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive expression of Speckled-100 (Sp100) is known to restrict the replication of many clinically important DNA viruses. This pre-existing (intrinsic) immune defense to virus infection can be further upregulated upon interferon (IFN) stimulation as a component of the innate immune response. In humans, Sp100 is encoded by a single gene locus, which can produce alternatively spliced isoforms. The widely studied Sp100A, Sp100B, Sp100C and Sp100HMG have functions associated with the transcriptional regulation of viral and cellular chromatin, either directly through their characteristic DNA-binding domains, or indirectly through post-translational modification (PTM) and associated protein interaction networks. Sp100 isoforms are resident component proteins of promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), dynamic nuclear sub-structures which regulate host immune defenses against many pathogens. In the case of human herpesviruses, multiple protein antagonists are expressed to relieve viral DNA genome transcriptional silencing imposed by PML-NB and Sp100-derived proteinaceous structures, thereby stimulating viral propagation, pathogenesis, and transmission to new hosts. This review details how different Sp100 isoforms are manipulated during herpesviruses HSV1, VZV, HCMV, EBV, and KSHV infection, identifying gaps in our current knowledge, and highlighting future areas of research.
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118
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Jmii S, Cappadocia L. Plant SUMO E3 Ligases: Function, Structural Organization, and Connection With DNA. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:652170. [PMID: 33897743 PMCID: PMC8064691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.652170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) plays an important role in multiple plant processes, including growth, development, and the response to abiotic stresses. Mechanistically, SUMOylation is a sequential multi-enzymatic process where SUMO E3 ligases accelerate SUMO conjugation while also influencing target identity and interactions. This review explores the biological functions of plant SUMO E3 ligases [SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE (SIZs), METHYL METHANESULFONATE-SENSITIVITY PROTEIN 21 (MMS21s), and PROTEIN INHIBITOR OF ACTIVATED STAT-LIKE (PIALs)] in relation to their molecular activities and domains. We also explore the sub-cellular localization of SUMO E3 ligases and review evidence suggesting a connection between certain SUMO E3 ligases and DNA that contributes to gene expression regulation.
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119
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Kunadis E, Lakiotaki E, Korkolopoulou P, Piperi C. Targeting post-translational histone modifying enzymes in glioblastoma. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107721. [PMID: 33144118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and the most lethal form of glioma, characterized by variable histopathology, aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome and prognosis. GBMs constitute a challenge for oncologists because of their molecular heterogeneity, extensive invasion, and tendency to relapse. Glioma cells demonstrate a variety of deregulated genomic pathways and extensive interplay with epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic modifications have emerged as essential players in GBM research, with biomarker potential for tumor classification and prognosis and for drug targeting. Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulators of chromatin architecture and gene expression, playing a pivotal role in malignant transformation, tumor development and progression. Alteration in the expression of genes coding for lysine and arginine methyltransferases (G9a, SUV39H1 and SETDB1) and acetyltransferases and deacetylases (KAT6A, SIRT2, SIRT7, HDAC4, 6, 9) contribute to GBM pathogenesis. In addition, proteins of the sumoylation pathway are upregulated in GBM cell lines, including E1 (SAE1), E2 (Ubc9) components, and a SUMO-specific protease (SENP1). Preclinical and clinical studies are currently in progress targeting epigenetic enzymes in gliomas, including a new generation of histone deacetylase (HDAC), protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) and bromodomain (BRD) inhibitors. Herein, we provide an update on recent advances in glioma epigenetic research, focusing on the role of histone modifications and the use of epigenetic therapy as a valid treatment option for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kunadis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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120
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Schneider SM, Lee BH, Nicola AV. Viral entry and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13276. [PMID: 33037857 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses confiscate cellular components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to facilitate many aspects of the infectious cycle. The 26S proteasome is an ATP-dependent, multisubunit proteolytic machine present in all eukaryotic cells. The proteasome executes the controlled degradation of functional proteins, as well as the hydrolysis of aberrantly folded polypeptides. There is growing evidence for the role of the UPS in viral entry. The UPS assists in several steps of the initiation of infection, including endosomal escape of the entering virion, intracellular transport of incoming nucleocapsids and uncoating of the viral genome. Inhibitors of proteasome activity, including MG132, epoxomicin, lactacystin and bortezomib have been integral to developments in this area. Here, we review the mechanistic details of UPS involvement in the entry process of viruses from a multitude of families. The possibility of proteasome inhibitors as therapeutic antiviral agents is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Schneider
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.,School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Becky H Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony V Nicola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.,School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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121
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Hegde S, Soory A, Kaduskar B, Ratnaparkhi GS. SUMO conjugation regulates immune signalling. Fly (Austin) 2020; 14:62-79. [PMID: 32777975 PMCID: PMC7714519 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2020.1808402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical drivers and attenuators for proteins that regulate immune signalling cascades in host defence. In this review, we explore functional roles for one such PTM, the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). Very few of the SUMO conjugation targets identified by proteomic studies have been validated in terms of their roles in host defence. Here, we compare and contrast potential SUMO substrate proteins in immune signalling for flies and mammals, with an emphasis on NFκB pathways. We discuss, using the few mechanistic studies that exist for validated targets, the effect of SUMO conjugation on signalling and also explore current molecular models that explain regulation by SUMO. We also discuss in detail roles of evolutionary conservation of mechanisms, SUMO interaction motifs, crosstalk of SUMO with other PTMs, emerging concepts such as group SUMOylation and finally, the potentially transforming roles for genome-editing technologies in studying the effect of PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Hegde
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Amarendranath Soory
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune, India
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