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Mahajan N, Hoover B, Rajendram M, Shi HY, Kawasaki K, Weibel DB, Zhang M. Maspin binds to cardiolipin in mitochondria and triggers apoptosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:6354-6364. [PMID: 30786218 PMCID: PMC6463914 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802182r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A central question in cell biology is how cells respond to stress signals and biochemically regulate apoptosis. One critical pathway involves the change of mitochondrial function and release of cytochrome c to initiate apoptosis. In response to apoptotic stimuli, we found that maspin-a noninhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily-translocates from the cytosol to mitochondria and binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Biolayer interferometry assay revealed that recombinant maspin binds cardiolipin with an apparent Kd,of ∼15.8 μM and competes with cytochrome c (apparent Kd of ∼1.31 μM) for binding to cardiolipin-enriched membranes. A hydrophobic, lysine-rich domain in maspin consists of 27 aa, is located at position 268-294, and is responsible for the interaction of this protein with cardiolipin. Depletion of cardiolipin in cells significantly prevents maspin binding to the inner mitochondrial membrane and decreases cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Alteration to maspin's cardiolipin binding domain changes its ability to bind cardiolipin, and tumor cells expressing this mutant have a low frequency of apoptosis. We propose a model of apoptosis in which maspin binds to cardiolipin, displaces cytochrome c from the membrane, and facilitates its release to the cytoplasm.-Mahajan, N., Hoover, B., Rajendram, M., Shi, H. Y., Kawasaki, K., Weibel, D. B., Zhang, M. Maspin binds to cardiolipin in mitochondria and triggers apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Mahajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brandon Hoover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Manohary Rajendram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heidi Y. Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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102
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Mirzadeh N, Reddy TS, Privér SH, Bhargava SK. Synthesis, anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing studies of palladacycles containing a diphosphine and a Sn,As-based chelate ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5183-5192. [PMID: 30838370 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03875a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of the bromide bridges in [Pd2(μ-Br)2{κ2(Sn,As)-2-MeBrSnC6F4AsPh2}2] (1) by diphosphine ligands gave the mono- and dinuclear palladacycles [Pd(L)Br{κ2(Sn,As)-2-MeBrSnC6F4AsPh2}] [L = dppe (2) dppm (3), ortho-dppBz (4)] and [Pd2Br2(para-dppBz){κ2(Sn,As)-2-MeBrSnC6F4AsPh2}2] (5). The interactions of these complexes with DNA (CT-DNA) and proteins (human serum albumin) were studied by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The results confirmed the interaction of these palladium complexes with CT-DNA through groove binding, and their strong binding affinity to HSA. The anti-proliferative activities of complexes 1-5 were tested against four human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, PC-3, and HT1080) and normal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Among the series, the palladium(ii) complex containing the 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene ligand (4) showed the highest cytotoxicity against HeLa, PC-3 and HT1080 cells, with IC50 values of 0.25 ± 0.08, 0.85 ± 0.11, and 0.66 ± 0.15 μM, respectively. Interestingly, compound 4 exhibited lower cytotoxic activity toward normal HaCaT cells (IC50 = 4.65 ± 0.16 μM). Additionally, this complex exhibited lower toxicity and better anti-cancer activity than cisplatin. Further mechanistic studies, including Hoechst staining and flow cytometry, confirmed that complex 4 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedaossadat Mirzadeh
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
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Cai G, Si M, Li X, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Bian J. Zearalenone induces apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells through Fas-Fas ligand and mitochondrial pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:424-433. [PMID: 30600648 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogen-like toxin produced by Fusarium that is widely found in cereals worldwide. In recent years, ZEA has been found to cause reproductive dysfunction in male animals, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells induced by different concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L) of ZEA via Fas-Fas ligand and mitochondrial signaling pathway in vitro. Apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. Western Blot and qRT-PCR were used to identify the signaling pathway. The results revealed that ZEA induced apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells, significantly reduced the transcription and expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, increased the transcription and expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and tBID, and Fas, FasL, FADD, and caspase-8. ZEA also increased the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, and promoted the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Moreover, addition of caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK led to significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis rate of the ZEA + Z-IETD-FMK group as compared to the ZEA treatment group. The release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were significantly decreased in the ZEA + Z-IETD-FMK group. These results suggested that ZEA can induce apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells, activate the Fas-Fas ligand signaling pathway and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengxue Si
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yang LC, Lai CY, Hsieh CC, Lin WC. Natural killer cell–mediated anticancer effects of an arabinogalactan derived from rice hull in CT26 colon cancer–bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:368-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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105
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Three cell deaths and a funeral: macrophage clearance of cells undergoing distinct modes of cell death. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:65. [PMID: 30774993 PMCID: PMC6368547 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells has been extensively investigated, but less is known regarding the clearance of cells dying by other forms of programmed cell death, e.g., necroptosis or ferroptosis. Here, we established a model of three different cell deaths using the same cell line and the occurrence of distinct cell death modalities was verified by using the specific inhibitors, zVAD-fmk, necrostatin-1, and ferrostatin-1, respectively. Cell death was characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the gold standard for the demarcation of different cell death modalities. Moreover, using annexin V as a probe, we could detect surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in all three types of cell death, and this was confirmed by using specific anti-PS antibodies. We then co-cultured the cells with human monocyte-derived macrophages and found that cells dying by all three death modalities were engulfed by macrophages. Macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells was more efficient when compared to necroptotic and ferroptotic cells with multiple internalized target cells per macrophage, as shown by TEM. We propose that clearance of dying cells also should be taken into account in the classification of different cell death modalities.
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106
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Effects of cholinergic compounds and TNF-alpha on human erythroleukemia K562 cell proliferation and caspase expression. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.518797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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107
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Chen M, Yu S. Lipophilic Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Exerts Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects on PC3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells and Suppresses PC3 Xenograft Tumor Growth in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:229-235. [PMID: 30562012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro antiprostate cancer activity of lipophilic grape seed proanthocyanidin (LGSP) against the PC3 cell line was evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblot analysis, and the in vivo antiprostate cancer effect was evaluated by a PC3-derived mouse xenograft model via oral gavage LGSP. Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3 immunostaining experiments were performed in tumor tissues. LGSP exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on PC3 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Treatment with LGSP resulted in a G1 phase cell cycle arrest in PC3 cells, which was further confirmed by decreasing the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK 4 and increasing the expression of the tumor suppressors p21 and p27. Furthermore, activation of cleaved fragments of caspases 3, caspases 9, and PARP indicated that LGSP-induced apoptosis is caspase-dependent. Upstream of caspase cascade, LGSP increased the cytochrome c release in cytoplasm. After treatment with LGSP, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio also decreased in PC3 cells. In tumor studies, LGSP inhibited the growth of PC3-derived mouse xenografts by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Our findings suggest that LGSP is an effective antiprostate cancer component and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshun Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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108
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Jalal TK, Khan AYF, Natto HA, Abdull Rasad MSB, Arifin Kaderi M, Mohammad M, Johan MF, Omar MN, Abdul Wahab R. Identification and Quantification of Quercetin, A Major Constituent ofArtocarpus altilisby Targeting Related Genes of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle: In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Against Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:792-805. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1516790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara K. Jalal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Al’aina Yuhanis Firus Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hatim A. Natto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umma Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Syaiful Bahari Abdull Rasad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Arifin Kaderi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mardhiah Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammed Nor Omar
- Department of Biotechnology Sciences, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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109
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Park HS, Seo CS, Wijerathne CUB, Jeong HY, Moon OS, Seo YW, Won YS, Son HY, Lim JH, Kwun HJ. Effect of Veratrum maackii on Testosterone Propionate-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Charith UB Wijerathne
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Og-Sung Moon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Young-Won Seo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Young-Suk Won
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Jong-Hwan Lim
- HUONS Research Center, Hanyang University in ERICA Campus
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwun
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
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110
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Gong Y, Yang J, Cai J, Liu Q, Zhang JM, Zhang Z. Effect of Gpx3 gene silencing by siRNA on apoptosis and autophagy in chicken cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7828-7838. [PMID: 30515791 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), as an important selenoprotein, is the most crucial antioxidant defense in cardiomyocytes. However, the role of Gpx3 in Se-deficient cardiomyocyte damage still less reported. Here, we developed Gpx3 silence cardiomyocytes culture model (small interfering RNA; siRNA) for research the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis are performed to detect the expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes. MDC stain, flow cytometry, AO/EB stain, and electron microscope were performed to observe the changes of cell morphology. Our results reveal that Gpx3 suppression can significant increases in ROS (p < 0.05) levels, which further induced apoptosis through upregulated the expression of Caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, we also found that the whole process is accompanied by the occurrence of autophagy, which are promoted by inhibiting the mTOR, and increasing the expression of ATG-7, ATG-10, and ATG-12. Altogether, we conclude that the apoptotic and autophagic response machineries share antagonistic function in Gpx3 knockdown cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Gong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Min Zhang
- Institution of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, PR, China
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111
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Cell Death Patterns Due to Warm Ischemia or Reperfusion in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Originating from Human, Mouse, or the Native Hibernator Hamster. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7040048. [PMID: 30445750 PMCID: PMC6316155 DOI: 10.3390/biology7040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, with acute kidney injury included. Hibernating mammals survive prolonged bouts of deep torpor with a dramatic drop in blood pressure, heart, and breathing rates, interspersed with short periods of arousal and, consequently, ischemia–reperfusion injury. Clarifying the differences under warm anoxia or reoxygenation between human cells and cells from a native hibernator may reveal interventions for rendering human cells resistant to ischemia–reperfusion injury. Human and hamster renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) were cultured under warm anoxia or reoxygenation. Mouse RPTECs were used as a phylogenetic control for hamster cells. Cell death was assessed by both cell imaging and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, apoptosis by cleaved caspase-3, autophagy by microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3 B II (LC3B-II) to LC3B-I ratio, necroptosis by phosphorylated mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorometrically, and lipid peroxidation, the end-point of ferroptosis, by malondialdehyde. Human cells died after short periods of warm anoxia or reoxygenation, whereas hamster cells were extremely resistant. In human cells, apoptosis contributed to cell death under both anoxia and reoxygenation. Although under reoxygenation, ROS increased in both human and hamster RPTECs, lipid peroxidation-induced cell death was detected only in human cells. Autophagy was observed only in human cells under both conditions. Necroptosis was not detected in any of the evaluated cells. Clarifying the ways that are responsible for hamster RPTECs escaping from apoptosis and lipid peroxidation-induced cell death may reveal interventions for preventing ischemia–reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in humans.
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112
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Xu J, Fang J, Cheng Z, Fan L, Hu W, Zhou F, Shen H. Overexpression of the Kininogen-1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of glioma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:180. [PMID: 30068373 PMCID: PMC6090912 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor derived from glial cells. Kininogen-1 (KNG1) can exert antiangiogenic properties and inhibit proliferation of endothelial cells. The effect of KNG1 on the glioma is rarely reported, so our purpose in to explore its mechanism in glioma cells. Methods The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The KNG1-vector was transfected into the two glioma cells. The viability, apoptosis and cell cycle of glioma cells and microvessel density (MVD) were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The expression were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. A tumor mouse model was established to determine apoptosis rate of brain tissue by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfer-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis. Results KNG1 was identified as the core gene and lowly expressed in the glioma cells. Overexpression of KNG1 inhibited cell viability and angiogenesis of glioma cells. Overexpression of KNG1 promoted the apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest of glioma cells. Moreover, the expressions of VEGF, cyclinD1, ki67, caspase-3/9 and XIAP were regulated by overexpression of KNG1. In addition, overexpression of KNG1 inhibited the activity of PI3K/Akt. Furthermore, overexpression of KNG1 decreased the tumor growth and promoted the apoptosis of decreased by overexpression of KNG1 in vivo. . Conclusions Overexpression of KNG1 suppresses glioma progression by inhibiting the proliferation and promoting apoptosis of glioma cells, providing a therapeutic strategy for the malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, China
| | - Zhonghao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Longlong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China.
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
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113
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Yedjou CG, Tchounwou SS, Williams K, Tchounwou PB. NOVEL CELLULAR STAINING PROTOCOL AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA DELILE ON LUNG AND PROSTATE CANCER CELLS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 2018; 7:552-556. [PMID: 30246001 PMCID: PMC6149525 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1403369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for more effective therapeutic approaches for cancer. Vernonia amygdalina Delile (VAD) has been used in African traditional medicine for the prevention and/or treatment of several diseases including diarrhea, intestinal illnesses, and cancer. However, the effects of VAD on human lung cancer and human prostate cancer cells remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore a novel cellular staining protocol using acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) and to test the antiproferative activity of VAD against human lung cancer (A-549) cells and human prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. Our studies demonstrate that VAD inhibits the proliferation of both A-549 and PC-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This finding suggests that VAD may be useful in lung and prostate cancer prevention. However, further research is needed to elucidate the chemopreventive effects of VAD against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Yedjou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, P.O. Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Solange S Tchounwou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, P.O. Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Kathleen Williams
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, P.O. Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, P.O. Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Pi H, Li M, Xie J, Yang Z, Xi Y, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Transcription factor E3 protects against cadmium-induced apoptosis by maintaining the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis but not autophagic flux in Neuro-2a cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:335-350. [PMID: 30030080 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), is a well-known environmental and occupational hazard with a potent neurotoxic action. However, the mechanism underlying cadmium-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. Herein, we exposed Neuro-2a cells to different concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (12.5, 25 and 50 μM) for 24 h and found that Cd significantly induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) with the release of cathepsin B (CTSB) to the cytosol, which in turn caused the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c) and eventually triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis. Interestingly, Cd decreased TFE3 expression but induced the nuclear translocation of TFE3 and TFE3 target-gene expression, which might be associated with lysosomal stress mediated by Cd. Notably, Tfe3 overexpression protected against Cd-induced neurotoxicity by maintaining the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and the protective effect of TFE3 is not dependent on the restoration of autophagic flux. In conclusion, our study demonstrated for the first time that lysosomal-mitochondrial axis dependent apoptosis, a neglected mechanism, may be the most important reason for Cd-induced neurotoxicity and that manipulation of TFE3 signaling may be a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of Cd-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- Brain Research Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Army General Hospital in Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, and Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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115
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Hattori Y, Hattori K, Suzuki T, Palikhe S, Matsuda N. Nucleic-acid based gene therapy approaches for sepsis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:403-410. [PMID: 29935173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in overall medical care, sepsis and its sequelae continue to be an embarrassing clinical entity with an unacceptably high mortality rate. The central reason for high morbidity and high mortality of sepsis and its sequelae is the lack of an effective treatment. Previous clinical trials have largely failed to identify an effective therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes in sepsis. Thus, the key goal favoring the outcome of septic patients is to devise innovative and evolutionary therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy can be considered as one of the most promising novel therapeutic approaches for nasty disorders. Since a number of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of sepsis that can be characterized by the induction of multiple genes and their products, sepsis may be regarded as a gene-related disorder and gene therapy may be considered a promising novel therapeutic approach for treatment of sepsis. In this review article, we provide an up-to-date summary of the gene-targeting approaches, which have been developed in animal models of sepsis. Our review sheds light on the molecular basis of sepsis pathology for the development of novel gene therapy approaches and leads to the conclusion that future research efforts may fully take into account gene therapy for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tokiko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sailesh Palikhe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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116
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Selective cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of 5-(2-bromo-5-methoxybenzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione against NCI-H292 human lung carcinoma cells. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:446-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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117
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Sun X, Zhu MJ. Butyrate Inhibits Indices of Colorectal Carcinogenesis via Enhancing α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent DNA Demethylation of Mismatch Repair Genes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700932. [PMID: 29577594 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Butyrate, the fermentation end product of gut microbiota in the colon, is known for its antitumor effects, but the mechanisms remained to be defined. α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) mediates DNA demethylation and aberrant epigenetic modifications are associated with carcinogenesis. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of butyrate on α-KG mediated epigenetic modification in colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Butyrate suppressed proliferation, potentiated differentiation, and induced apoptosis in both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells, associated with enhanced expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, butyrate upregulated acetyl-CoA and α-KG, concomitant with enhanced histone acetylation and DNA demethylation in the promoter of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene. Knocking down IDH1 abolished the positive effects of butyrate on CRC apoptosis and MMR protein expression, in conjunction with reduced α-KG content. Importantly, α-KG supplementation recovered the beneficial effects of butyrate in IDH1-deficient cells. CONCLUSION In summary, butyrate inhibits indices of colorectal carcinogenesis in an α-KG-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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118
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Wang H, Zhang C, Chi H, Meng Z. Synergistic anticancer effects of bufalin and sorafenib by regulating apoptosis associated proteins. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8101-8110. [PMID: 29693132 PMCID: PMC5983987 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most recognized and well-known drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the antitumor effect of sorafenib against HCC remains to be improved. Bufalin has displayed an antitumor effect in HCC; however, whether the enhanced antitumor effect may be generated with their combined treatment remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, their combined effects on HCC proliferation and apoptosis were investigated. It was revealed that either bufalin or sorafenib suppressed PLC/PRF/5 and SMMC-7721 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner following incubation for 24 h, and the inhibitory effect was augmented with their combined treatment. The synergistic effect peaked in HCC cells treated with 20 nM bufalin and 10 µM sorafenib. In addition, cell cycle and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling assays revealed that bufalin also enhanced sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Colony formation assay demonstrated that combined treatment significantly suppressed HCC proliferation compared with treatment with either of them alone. Furthermore, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, caspase 7 and poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase were upregulated in HCC cells with combined treatment. Taken together, the results of the present study revealed that the treatment of sorafenib combined with bufalin synergistically suppressed HCC proliferation and induced apoptosis. Therefore, bufalin combined with sorafenib may be a favorable treatment strategy for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Chi
- Shanghai Geriatrics Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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119
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. IDO decreases glycolysis and glutaminolysis by activating GCN2K, while it increases fatty acid oxidation by activating AhR, thus preserving CD4+ T‑cell survival and proliferation. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:557-568. [PMID: 29693118 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally hypothesized in the literature that indoleamine 2,3‑dioxygenase (IDO), by degrading L‑tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, suppresses CD4+ T‑cell function by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation and promoting differentiation towards a regulatory phenotype. These effects are either accompanied or directly lead to alterations in cell metabolism. The present study evaluated the pathways that govern the effect of IDO on the utilization of the three main energy sources in CD4+ T‑cells. Two‑way mixed lymphocyte reactions were performed with or without oleate and/or the IDO inhibitor 1‑methyl‑DL‑tryptophan. In addition, isolated CD4+ T‑cells cultured in an oleate‑containing medium were activated in the presence or not of the general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2K) activator tryptophanol. L‑tryptophan, glucose and free fatty acid consumption, cell proliferation, apoptosis and the levels of key proteins involved in IDO‑mediated signal transduction, and glucose, glutamine and free fatty acid utilization were assessed. The results indicate that IDO decreased glycolysis and glutaminolysis by activating GCN2K, resulting in activation of AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK). In parallel with AMPK activation, IDO‑induced activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor increased the expression of all carnitine palmitoyltransferase I isoenzymes, leading ultimately to increased free fatty acid oxidation and preservation of CD4+ T‑cell survival and proliferation. Thus, contrary to what is generally hypothesized, in a normal environment containing fatty acids, the immunosuppressive effect of IDO may not be due to a decrease in CD4+ T‑cell survival and proliferation, since IDO supplies the required energy for cell survival and proliferation by increasing free fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Eleftheriadis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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120
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Wen L, Lu X, Wang R, Jin X, Hu L, You C. Pyrroloquinoline quinone induces chondrosarcoma cell apoptosis by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7184-7190. [PMID: 29568949 PMCID: PMC5928675 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been reported to contribute to cancer cell apoptosis and death; however, little is known of its underlying mechanisms. The present study was designed to investigate the role of PQQ in chondrosarcoma cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanism. A cell cytotoxicity assay was used to detect cell death; flow cytometry analysis was also performed to determine cell apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Biochemical methods were employed to detect the activity and the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, SOD2 and glutathione. The present study also examined the effect on tumorigenesis in vivo. The results demonstrated that the apoptosis of SW1353 cells induced by PQQ increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which may be attributable to the accumulation of intracellular ROS. In the in vivo experiments, PQQ inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, increased ROS levels and caused DNA damage in transplanted cells. Taken together, the findings of the present study confirmed that PQQ induced apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells and transplanted cells, by increasing intracellular ROS and reducing the ability of scavenging oxygen free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchun Wen
- Department of Oncology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xiyan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Department of Oncology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwen You
- Department of Oncology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
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121
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SIRT2-mediated FOXO3a deacetylation drives its nuclear translocation triggering FasL-induced cell apoptosis during renal ischemia reperfusion. Apoptosis 2018; 22:519-530. [PMID: 28078537 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have found that Fas/FasL-mediated "extrinsic" pathway promoted cell apoptosis induced by renal ischemic injury. This study is to elucidate the upstream mechanism regulating FasL-induced extrinsic pathway during renal ischemia/reperfusion. Results demonstrated that when SIRT2 was activated by renal ischemia/reperfusion, activated SIRT2 could bind to and deacetylate FOXO3a, promoting FOXO3a nuclear translocation which resulted in an increase of nuclear FOXO3a along with FasL expression and activation of caspase8 and caspase3, triggering cell apoptosis during renal ischemia/reperfusion. The administration of SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2 prior to renal ischemia decreased significantly the number of apoptotic renal tubular cells and alleviated ultrastructure injury. These results indicate that inhibition of FOXO3a deacetylation might be a promising therapeutic approach for renal ischemia /reperfusion injury.
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122
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Nouri Inanlou M, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Halabian R, Salimi A. Enterotoxin B Anchored Exosome Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Mediated Apoptosis in the Breast Cancer Cell Line. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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123
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Ovadje P, Ammar S, Guerrero JA, Arnason JT, Pandey S. Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73080-73100. [PMID: 27564258 PMCID: PMC5341965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dandelion extracts have been studied extensively in recent years for its anti-depressant and anti-inflammatory activity. Recent work from our lab, with in-vitro systems, shows the anti-cancer potential of an aqueous dandelion root extract (DRE) in several cancer cell models, with no toxicity to non-cancer cells. In this study, we examined the cancer cell-killing effectiveness of an aqueous DRE in colon cancer cell models. Aqueous DRE induced programmed cell death (PCD) selectively in > 95% of colon cancer cells, irrespective of their p53 status, by 48 hours of treatment. The anti-cancer efficacy of this extract was confirmed in in-vivo studies, as the oral administration of DRE retarded the growth of human colon xenograft models by more than 90%. We found the activation of multiple death pathways in cancer cells by DRE treatment, as revealed by gene expression analyses showing the expression of genes implicated in programmed cell death. Phytochemical analyses of the extract showed complex multi-component composition of the DRE, including some known bioactive phytochemicals such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol and taraxasterol. This suggested that this natural extract could engage and effectively target multiple vulnerabilities of cancer cells. Therefore, DRE could be a non-toxic and effective anti-cancer alternative, instrumental for reducing the occurrence of cancer cells drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ovadje
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor ON, Canada
| | - Saleem Ammar
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Jose-Antonio Guerrero
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor ON, Canada
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124
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Li NN, Meng XS, Men WX, Bao YR, Wang S. Total Flavonoids from Oroxylum indicum Induce Apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/PTEN Signaling Pathway in Liver Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:3021476. [PMID: 29636773 PMCID: PMC5832136 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3021476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Total flavonoids (TF), derived from the seeds of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent., possess many pharmacological functions. In the present study, H22-bearing mice and SMMC-7721 models were employed to evaluate the antitumor activity of TF and to and investigate its possible mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay; cell apoptosis rate was analyzed via Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining by flow cytometer. Meanwhile, the expressions of apoptosis-related mRNA and proteins were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The results revealed that TF could significantly inhibit the tumor growth, and the possible mechanism was related to the effect of inducing tumor cells apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/PTEN signaling pathway. This study has provided a theoretical basis for the further development and application of TF as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xian-sheng Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
- Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wen-xiao Men
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yong-rui Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
- Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
- Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China
- Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
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125
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Zhang C, Qiu K, Liu C, Huang H, Rees TW, Ji L, Zhang Q, Chao H. Tracking mitochondrial dynamics during apoptosis with phosphorescent fluorinated iridium(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12907-12913. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02918k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphorescent fluorinated Ir(iii) complexes, which exhibit low cytotoxicity, excellent photostability and specificity of mitochondria-targeting, were used for tracking mitochondrial dynamics during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chaofeng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Thomas W. Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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126
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Orozco-Hernández L, Gutiérrez-Gómez AA, SanJuan-Reyes N, Islas-Flores H, García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Dublán-García O, Natividad R, Gómez-Oliván LM. 17β-Estradiol induces cyto-genotoxicity on blood cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:118-127. [PMID: 29031051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol, a natural hormone present at high concentrations in aquatic ecosystems, affects and modifies endocrine function in animals. In recent years research workers have expressed concern over its potential effects on aquatic organisms; however, little is known about its capacity to induce genetic damage or the pro-apoptotic effects of such damage on fish. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate 17β-estradiol-induced cyto-genotoxicity in blood cells of the common carp Cyprinus carpio exposed to different concentrations (1 ng, 1 μg and 1 mg L-1). Peripheral blood samples were collected and evaluated by comet assay, micronucleus test, determination of caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assay at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure. Increases in frequency of micronuclei, TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 activity were observed, particularly at the highest concentration. In contrast, the comet assay detected significant increases at 24 and 96 h with the 1 μg and 1 ng L-1 concentrations respectively. The set of assays used in the present study constitutes a reliable early warning biomarker for evaluating the toxicity induced by this type of emerging contaminants on aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Andrea Gutiérrez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Nely SanJuan-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y Cerrada de Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, C.P. 007700, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Dublán-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Reyna Natividad
- Chemical Engineering Lab., Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, 50200, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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127
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Oladimeji PO, Chen T. PXR: More Than Just a Master Xenobiotic Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 93:119-127. [PMID: 29113993 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor considered to be a master xenobiotic receptor that coordinately regulates the expression of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters to essentially detoxify and eliminate xenobiotics and endotoxins from the body. In the past several years, the function of PXR in the regulation of xenobiotic metabolism has been extensively studied, and the role of PXR as a xenobiotic sensor has been well established. It is now clear, however, that PXR plays many other roles in addition to its xenobiotic-sensing function. For instance, recent studies have discovered previously unidentified roles of PXR in inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and cell migration. PXR also contributes to the dysregulation of these processes in diseases states. These recent discoveries of the role of PXR in the physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions of other cellular processes provides the possibility of novel targets for drug discovery. This review highlights areas of PXR regulation that require further clarification and summarizes the recent progress in our understanding of the nonxenobiotic functions of PXR that can be explored for relevant therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Oladimeji
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Rose J, Brian C, Woods J, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Powers R, Franco R. Mitochondrial dysfunction in glial cells: Implications for neuronal homeostasis and survival. Toxicology 2017; 391:109-115. [PMID: 28655545 PMCID: PMC5681369 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Neurons rely on oxidative phosphorylation to meet their energy requirements and thus alterations in mitochondrial function are linked to energy failure and neuronal cell death. Furthermore, in neurons, dysfunctional mitochondria are reported to increase the steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species derived from the leakage of electrons from the electron transport chain. Research aimed at understanding mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in neurological disorders has been primarily geared towards neurons. In contrast, the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction in glial cells' function and its implication for neuronal homeostasis and brain function has been largely understudied. Unlike neurons and oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia do not degenerate upon the impairment of mitochondrial function, as they rely primarily on glycolysis to produce energy and have a higher antioxidant capacity than neurons. However, recent evidence highlights the role of mitochondrial metabolism and signaling in glial cell function. In this work, we review the functional role of mitochondria in glial cells and the evidence regarding its potential role regulating neuronal homeostasis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rose
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Christian Brian
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Jade Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Robert Powers
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States.
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Kim JH, Kwon HY, Ryu DH, Nam MH, Shim BS, Kim JH, Lee JY, Kim SH. Inhibition of CUG-binding protein 1 and activation of caspases are critically involved in piperazine derivative BK10007S induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186490. [PMID: 29036189 PMCID: PMC5643113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Though piperazine derivative BK10007S was known to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer xenograft model as a T-type CaV3.1 a1G isoform calcium channel blocker, its underlying antitumor mechanism still remains unclear so far. Thus, in the present study, the antitumor mechanism of BK10007S was elucidated in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). Herein, BK10007S showed significant cytotoxicity by 3-[4,5-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT) assay and anti-proliferative effects by colony formation assay in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. Also, apoptotic bodies and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) positive cells were observed in BK10007S treated HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylinodole (DAPI) staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. Consistently, BK10007S increased sub G1 population in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells by cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, Western blotting revealed that BK10007S activated the caspase cascades (caspase 8, 9 and 3), cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, survivin and for CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1 or CELF1) in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CUGBP1 reduced cleavages of PARP and caspase 3, cytotoxicity and subG1 population in BK10007S treated HepG2 cells. Overall, these findings provide scientific evidences that BK10007S induces apoptosis via inhibition of CUGBP1 and activation of caspases in hepatocellular carcinomas as a potent anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kwon
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Ryu
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Kim
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee H, Shin EA, Lee JH, Ahn D, Kim CG, Kim JH, Kim SH. Caspase inhibitors: a review of recently patented compounds (2013-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 28:47-59. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1378426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Lee
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Deoksoo Ahn
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Geun Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jafarinejad-Farsangi S, Farazmand A, Gharibdoost F, Karimizadeh E, Noorbakhsh F, Faridani H, Mahmoudi M, Jamshidi AR. Inhibition of MicroRNA-21 induces apoptosis in dermal fibroblasts of patients with systemic sclerosis. Int J Dermatol 2017; 55:1259-1267. [PMID: 27637490 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged activation of dermal fibroblasts is the main cause of progressive fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). It seems that inhibition of apoptosis in SSc fibroblasts deregulates fibrosis. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a pro-fibrotic factor with high expression in lesional areas of SSc skin and fibroblasts. METHODS The effects of miR-21 on expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, two apoptotic genes, in dermal fibroblasts of SSc patients were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Apoptotic cells were detected using flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining assays. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-21 using synthetic miR-21 RNA increased expression of Bcl-2, an inhibitor of apoptosis, and decreased the Bax : Bcl-2 expression ratio, a cell fate determinant, in SSc fibroblasts. Antisense inhibition of miR-21 induced a high rate of apoptosis in SSc fibroblasts. We propose that this may be associated with a decrease in Bcl-2 expression and a shift in the Bax : Bcl-2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Although further studies are necessary to determine the underlying apoptotic pathway, we propose that inhibition of miR-21 in dermal fibroblasts from lesional skin may be useful in harnessing progressive fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Farazmand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Gharibdoost
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Karimizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibeh Faridani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Park C, Hong SH, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis by Dae-Hwang-Mok-Dan-Tang in HCT-116 colon cancer cells through activation of caspases and inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:179-189. [PMID: 28664141 PMCID: PMC5478258 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dae-Hwang-Mok-Dan-Tang (DHMDT), a traditional Korean medicine, contains five species of medicinal plants and has been used to treat patients with digestive tract cancer for hundreds of years; however, its anticancer mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the proapoptotic effects of DHMDT in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was detected using 4,6-diamidino-2-phenyllindile staining, agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry. The protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis. Caspase activity was measured using a colorimetric assay. RESULTS Treatment with DHMDT resulted in a growth inhibition coupled with apoptosis induction, which was associated with the downregulation of members of IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) family, including XIAP and survivin, and the activation of caspase-9 and -3 accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and phospholipase C-γ1. DHMDT treatment also showed a correlation with the translocation of proapoptotic Bax to mitochondria, the loss of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and the cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Moreover, DHMDT increased the levels of death receptor-associated ligands and enhanced activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of its substrate, Bid. However, the pan-caspase inhibitor could reverse DHMDT-induced apoptosis. In addition, DHMDT suppressed the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and treatment with a potent inhibitor of PI3K further increased the apoptotic activity of DHMDT. CONCLUSION Our data showed that DHMDT induces HCT-116 cell apoptosis by activating intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways and by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signal pathway; however, further studies are needed to identify the active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea
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Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching extract induce apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2275. [PMID: 28536473 PMCID: PMC5442098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AMC), a unique and nutritious potherb widely distributed in china, has been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies indicated that AMC extract exhibited antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, the chemical composition of AMC and molecular mechanism of AMC toxicity to HepG2 cells have not yet been elucidated. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the chemical compositions and the underlying mechanisms of the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of AMC on HepG2. HPLC-MS analysis showed that AMC contain five compounds with chlorogenic acid accounting for 43 percent. Also, AMC strongly inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells by significantly upregulating the protein expressions of Fas, Fas-L, Bax/Bcl-2, cyto-c, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP in a dose-dependent manner, which indicates AMC induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Moreover, AMC provoked the production of ROS, H2O2, and NO, modulating the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NFκB and Nrf2 pathways and their downstream transcriptional cascades, ultimately evoked oxidative stress and apoptosis in HpeG2 cells. Further in vivo experiments demonstrated that AMC significantly suppressed the tumor growth, suggesting that AMC may be a novel promising agent for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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134
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Preconditioning of primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells without tryptophan increases survival under hypoxia by inducing autophagy. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:1297-1307. [PMID: 28417340 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Autophagy protects from AKI. Amino acid deprivation induces autophagy. The effect of L-tryptophan depletion on survival and autophagy in cultures of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) under hypoxia was evaluated. METHODS RPTECs were preconditioned in a medium containing or not tryptophan, following culture under hypoxia and treatment with or without the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Cell survival was assessed by cell imaging, the level of certain proteins by western blotting and cellular ATP fluorometrically. RESULTS Preconditioning of RPTECs in a medium without tryptophan activated general control nonderepressible 2 kinase and induced changes that favored autophagy and cell survival under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, it increased cellular ATP, while it inhibited apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy nullified the induced increase in cellular ATP and cell survival by the absence of tryptophan. The absence of tryptophan increased p53, although its effect on p53's transcriptional targets was heterogeneous. In accordance with the decreased apoptosis, expression of p21 increased, while expression of Bax decreased. The expression of BNIP3L, which may be pro-apoptotic or pro-autophagic, increased. Considering the decreased apoptosis, it is likely that tryptophan depletion enhances autophagy through a p53-mediated increase of BNIP3L. CONCLUSION Preconditioning of primary human RPTECs in a medium without tryptophan increases their survival under hypoxia by inducing autophagy. Identifying new molecular mechanisms that protect renal tissue from hypoxia could be proved clinically important in the prevention of AKI.
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Porta CS, Dos Santos DL, Bernardes HV, Bellagamba BC, Duarte A, Dias JF, da Silva FR, Lehmann M, da Silva J, Dihl RR. Cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of surface waters from a coal exploration region. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:440-448. [PMID: 28092765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining generates a considerable amount of waste, which is disposed of in piles or dams near mining sites. As a result, leachates may reach rivers and streams, promoting the wide dispersion of contaminants in solution and as particulate matter. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic action of surface waters collected around a thermoelectric power plant and the largest mining area in Brazil (Candiota). Four sites in Candiota stream were selected, and samples were collected in winter and summer. Water samples were analyzed using the comet and CBMN assays in V79 and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, genotoxicity of water samples was evaluated in vivo using the SMART in Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic elements were quantified. The results indicate that water samples exhibited no genotoxic and mutagenic activities, whether in vitro or in vivo. On the other hand, surface water samples collected in sites near the power plant in both summer and winter inhibited cell proliferation and induced increased frequencies of V79 cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis. The cytotoxicity observed may be associated with the presence of higher concentration of inorganic elements, especially aluminum, silicon, sulfur, titanium and zinc at sites 1 and 2 in the stream, as well as with the complex mixture present in the coal, in both seasons. Therefore, the results obtained point to the toxicity potential of water samples with the influence of coal mining and combustion processes and the possible adverse effects on the health of exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Silva Porta
- Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Lemes Dos Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vieira Bernardes
- Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Corrêa Bellagamba
- Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Anaí Duarte
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Dihl
- Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Hao C, Wang W, Wang S, Zhang L, Guo Y. An Overview of the Protective Effects of Chitosan and Acetylated Chitosan Oligosaccharides against Neuronal Disorders. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15040089. [PMID: 28333077 PMCID: PMC5408235 DOI: 10.3390/md15040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth and is mainly comprised of a marine invertebrate, consisting of repeating β-1,4 linked N-acetylated glucosamine units, whereas its N-deacetylated product, chitosan, has broad medical applications. Interestingly, chitosan oligosaccharides have therapeutic effects on different types of neuronal disorders, including, but not limited to, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and nerve crush injury. A common link among neuronal disorders is observed at a sub-cellular level, such as atypical protein assemblies and induced neuronal death. Chronic activation of innate immune responses that lead to neuronal injury is also common in these diseases. Thus, the common mechanisms of neuronal disorders might explain the general therapeutic effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivatives in these diseases. This review provides an update on the pathogenesis and therapy for neuronal disorders and will be mainly focused on the recent progress made towards the neuroprotective properties of chitosan and acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides. Their structural features and the underlying molecular mechanisms will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Hao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Reséndiz-Martínez J, Asbun-Bojalil J, Huerta-Yepez S, Vega M. Correlation of the expression of YY1 and Fas cell surface death receptor with apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the development of multiple organ dysfunction in children with sepsis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2433-2442. [PMID: 28447715 PMCID: PMC5428261 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a lethal complication in children with sepsis. Apoptosis of several cell types is involved in this process, and it is associated with increased Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas) expression. As YY1 transcription factor (YY1) negatively regulates the expression of Fas in cancer models, and is associated with the clinical outcome, it may be important in MOD. The present study aimed to determine the association between the expression of Fas, YY1 and apoptosis in children with sepsis, and its association with MOD, these factors were analyzed in 30 pediatric patients that had been diagnosed with sepsis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were purified from patients, and YY1 and Fas protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. Sepsis was monitored using clinical parameters, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score and the pediatric mortality index. The results demonstrated that Fas expression was directly correlated with apoptosis levels and the expression of YY1 was inversely correlated with apoptosis levels. Patients with high levels of apoptosis exhibited increased disease severity and poor clinical outcome. Notably, the findings of the present study demonstrated that there were higher survival rates in patients with high YY1 expression, compared with those with low YY1 expression. Additionally, patients with MOD exhibited lower proportions of apoptotic cells compared with sepsis patients without MOD. Furthermore, the PELOD score was positively correlated with Fas and inversely correlated with YY1 expression. Finally, high apoptosis and low YY1 expression were prognostic factors associated with poor survival rates. These data suggested that YY1 may be important for apoptosis induction via the regulation of Fas during sepsis. Therefore, Fas may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent MOD through regulation of YY1 expression. Furthermore, YY1 and Fas expression in PBMCs may be used to as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Reséndiz-Martínez
- Servicio de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, Hospital General Dr Gaudencio González Garza, Centro Medico La Raza IMSS, 02990 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Asbun-Bojalil
- Servicio de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, Hospital General Dr Gaudencio González Garza, Centro Medico La Raza IMSS, 02990 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez S.S.A, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Vega
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
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Du Y, Ye J, Wu L, Yang C, Wang L, Hu X. Physiological effects and toxin release in Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis viridis exposed to herbicide fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7752-7763. [PMID: 28127689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FPE) was studied for possible ecotoxicity on two representative toxigenic cyanobacteria including Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis viridis. Growth curves, chlorophyll a content, protein content, microcystin levels, oxidative stress, and apoptosis rates were measured for the two cyanobacteria after exposure to different concentrations of FPE. Results showed that the changes in chlorophyll a content and protein content were consistent with cell density, and M. viridis was more sensitive than M. aeruginosa to FPE. The results of oxidative stress indicated that FPE induced the generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in these two cyanobacteria. To further explore the toxicity of FPE, apoptosis rates and toxin levels were measured for the two cyanobacteria. Different degrees of apoptosis rates were observed in the two cyanobacteria, and the apoptosis rates increased with the increase concentration of FPE. The intracellular and extracellular MC-LR were both affect by FPE. The presence of FPE in aquatic ecosystem may stimulate the synthesis and release of MC-LR, which may cause serious water pollution and pose threats to human health. These results may be useful for the ecotoxicity assessment of FPE and guiding the rational use of pesticides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Du
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Chuyao Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Lumei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology and Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
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Martínez I, Oliveros JC, Cuesta I, de la Barrera J, Ausina V, Casals C, de Lorenzo A, García E, García-Fojeda B, Garmendia J, González-Nicolau M, Lacoma A, Menéndez M, Moranta D, Nieto A, Ortín J, Pérez-González A, Prat C, Ramos-Sevillano E, Regueiro V, Rodriguez-Frandsen A, Solís D, Yuste J, Bengoechea JA, Melero JA. Apoptosis, Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like Receptors Are Pathways Jointly Induced by Diverse Respiratory Bacterial and Viral Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:276. [PMID: 28298903 PMCID: PMC5331050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections are among the top five leading causes of human death. Fighting these infections is therefore a world health priority. Searching for induced alterations in host gene expression shared by several relevant respiratory pathogens represents an alternative to identify new targets for wide-range host-oriented therapeutics. With this aim, alveolar macrophages were independently infected with three unrelated bacterial (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two dissimilar viral (respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus) respiratory pathogens, all of them highly relevant for human health. Cells were also activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a prototypical pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Patterns of differentially expressed cellular genes shared by the indicated pathogens were searched by microarray analysis. Most of the commonly up-regulated host genes were related to the innate immune response and/or apoptosis, with Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like receptors among the top 10 signaling pathways with over-expressed genes. These results identify new potential broad-spectrum targets to fight the important human infections caused by the bacteria and viruses studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidoro Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Cuesta
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge de la Barrera
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Ausina
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Institut d' Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Alba de Lorenzo
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Fojeda
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-GobNavarra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Mar González-Nicolau
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de PalmaPalma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Institut d' Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - David Moranta
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de PalmaPalma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ortín
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez-González
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Institut d' Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Ramos-Sevillano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Regueiro
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de PalmaPalma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Ariel Rodriguez-Frandsen
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - José Yuste
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - José A Bengoechea
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de PalmaPalma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - José A Melero
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
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140
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Zhang YL, Guang MHZ, Zhuo HQ, Min XH, Yao Q, Gu AQ, Wu SH, Zhang DB, Lu JY, Chen Y, Chen YH, Zhang KJ. Carfilzomib Inhibits Constitutive NF-κB Activation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma B Cells and Leads to the Induction of Apoptosis. Acta Haematol 2017; 137:106-112. [PMID: 28208145 DOI: 10.1159/000455939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains incurable and new treatments are needed, especially in the relapsed/refractory setting. We therefore investigated the effects of carfilzomib, a novel, long-acting, second-generation proteasome inhibitor, in MCL cells. Eight established MCL cell lines and freshly isolated primary MCL cells were treated with carfilzomib. Cell proliferation was assessed by a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide. Electrophoresis mobility shift (EMSA), Western blot, and luciferase assays were used to analyze NF-κB activation and related signaling proteins. Carfilzomib inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in both established MCL cell lines and freshly isolated primary MCL cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, carfilzomib was less toxic to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals. The carfilzomib-induced apoptosis of MCL cells occurred in a caspase-dependent manner through both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways. In addition, carfilzomib inhibited constitutive activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade, both in MCL cell lines and primary MCL cells, by completely blocking the phosphorylation of IκBα. Our results demonstrate that carfilzomib can induce growth arrest and apoptosis in MCL cells and that the mechanism may involve the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University Clinic Teaching Hospital, Xiamen, China
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141
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Sounidaki M, Antoniadi G, Rountas C, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis L. Tryptophan depletion under conditions that imitate insulin resistance enhances fatty acid oxidation and induces endothelial dysfunction through reactive oxygen species-dependent and independent pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:41-56. [PMID: 28161804 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In atherosclerosis-associated pathologic entities characterized by malnutrition and inflammation, L-tryptophan (TRP) levels are low. Insulin resistance is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and induces endothelial dysfunction by increasing fatty acid oxidation. It is also associated with inflammation and low TRP levels. Low TRP levels have been related to worse cardiovascular outcome. This study evaluated the effect of TRP depletion on endothelial dysfunction under conditions that imitate insulin resistance. Fatty acid oxidation, harmful pathways due to increased fatty acid oxidation, and endothelial dysfunction were assessed in primary human aortic endothelial cells cultured under normal glucose, low insulin conditions in the presence or absence of TRP. TRP depletion activated general control non-derepressible 2 kinase and inhibited aryl hydrocarbon receptor. It increased fatty acid oxidation by increasing expression and activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. Elevated fatty acid oxidation increased the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering the polyol and hexosamine pathways, and enhancing protein kinase C activity and methylglyoxal production. TRP absence inhibited nitric oxide synthase activity in a ROS-dependent way, whereas it increased the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a ROS independent and possibly p53-dependent manner. Thus, TRP depletion, an amino acid whose low levels have been related to worse cardiovascular outcome and to inflammatory atherosclerosis-associated pathologic entities, under conditions that imitate insulin resistance enhances fatty acid oxidation and induces endothelial dysfunction through ROS-dependent and independent pathways. These findings may offer new insights at the molecular mechanisms involved in accelerated atherosclerosis that frequently accompanies malnutrition and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Eleftheriadis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Neo Ktirio, Mezourlo Hill, 41110, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Neo Ktirio, Mezourlo Hill, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Sounidaki
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Neo Ktirio, Mezourlo Hill, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Antoniadi
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Neo Ktirio, Mezourlo Hill, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Rountas
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Neo Ktirio, Mezourlo Hill, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Loannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Neo Ktirio, Mezourlo Hill, 41110, Larissa, Greece
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142
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Krammer PH, Weyd H. Life, death and tolerance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:470-472. [PMID: 28212733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Krammer
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Immunology, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Heiko Weyd
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Immunology, Heidelberg, Germany
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143
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) protein is one of the key anti-apoptotic members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) protein family. Over-expression of MCL-1 has been closely related to tumor progression as well as to resistance, not only to traditional chemotherapies but also to targeted therapeutics including BCL-2 inhibitors such as ABT-263. Therefore, there has been extensive research and development in the last decade in both academic and industrial settings to address this unmet medical need. Areas covered: This review covers the research and patent literature of the past 10 years in the field of discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors of the MCL-1 anti-apoptotic protein. Expert opinion: Small-molecule strategies to disrupt the protein-protein interactions between MCL-1 and its pro-apoptotic counterparts, such as BAK and BIM, have recently emerged. Several small-molecules based on different scaffolds describe promising in vitro data as MCL-1 selective inhibitors. While many lead compounds remain at the in vitro preclinical development stage, the two most recent patent applications describe promising in vivo data, and one small molecule inhibitor has recently entered into clinical development. It is such an exciting moment that the long awaited clinical studies will generate some insight into the therapeutic potential of this anti-cancer approach, and possibly facilitate the further development of other early stage inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Chen
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , MD , USA
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144
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In vitro toxicity assessment of oral nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:381-401. [PMID: 27544694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fascinating properties of nanomaterials opened new frontiers in medicine. Nanocarriers are useful systems in transporting drugs to site-specific targets. The unique physico-chemical characteristics making nanocarriers promising devices to treat diseases may also be responsible for potential adverse effects. In order to develop functional nano-based drug delivery systems, efficacy and safety should be carefully evaluated. To date, no common testing strategy to address nanomaterial toxicological challenges has been generated. Different cell culture models are currently used to evaluate nanocarrier safety using conventional in vitro assays, but overall they have generated a huge amount of conflicting data. In this review we describe state-of-the-art approaches for in vitro testing of orally administered nanocarriers, highlighting the importance of developing harmonized and validated standard operating procedures. These procedures should be applied in a safe-by-design context with the aim to reduce and/or eliminate the uncertainties and risks associated with nanomedicine development.
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145
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Elevation of Alanine Aminotransferase Activity Occurs after Activation of the Cell-Death Signaling Initiated by Pattern-Recognition Receptors but before Activation of Cytolytic Effectors in NK or CD8+ T Cells in the Liver During Acute HCV Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165533. [PMID: 27788241 PMCID: PMC5082795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) promote host defenses against HCV infection by binding to their corresponding adapter molecules leading to the initiation of innate immune responses including cell death. We investigated the expression of PRR genes, biomarkers of liver cell-death, and T cell and NK cell activation/inhibition-related genes in liver and serum obtained from three experimentally infected chimpanzees with acute HCV infection, and analyzed the correlation between gene expression levels and clinical profiles. Our results showed that expression of hepatic RIG-I, TLR3, TLR7, 2OAS1, and CXCL10 mRNAs was upregulated as early as 7 days post-inoculation and peaked 12 to 83 days post-inoculation. All of the three HCV infected chimpanzees exhibited significant elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity between 70 and 95 days after inoculation. Elevated levels of serum cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) and caspases 3 and 7 activity coincided closely with the rise of ALT activity, and were preceded by significant increases in levels of caspase 3 and caspase 7 mRNAs in the liver. Particularly we found that significant positive auto-correlations were observed between RIG-I, TLR3, CXCL10, 2OAS1, and PD-L1 mRNA and ALT activity at 3 to 12 days before the peak of ALT activity. However, we observed substantial negative auto-correlations between T cell and NK cell activation/inhibition-related genes and ALT activity at 5 to 32 days after the peak of ALT activity. Our results indicated cell death signaling is preceded by early induction of RIG-I, TLR3, 2OAS1, and CXCL10 mRNAs which leads to elevation of ALT activity and this signaling pathway occurs before the activation of NK and T cells during acute HCV infection. Our study suggests that PRRs and type I IFN response may play a critical role in development of liver cell injury related to viral clearance during acute HCV infection.
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146
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Sounidaki M, Antoniadis N, Antoniadi G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Angiogenin is upregulated during the alloreactive immune response and has no effect on the T-cell expansion phase, whereas it affects the contraction phase by inhibiting CD4 + T-cell apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3471-3475. [PMID: 27882181 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Under growth conditions, angiogenin is translocated into the nucleus, where it enhances ribosomal RNA transcription, facilitating increased protein synthesis and cellular proliferation. During stress conditions, angiogenin is sequestered in the cytoplasm, where it cleaves transfer RNA (tRNA) to produce tRNA-derived, stress-induced small RNAs (tiRNAs) that inhibit global protein synthesis, but increase the translation of anti-apoptotic factors. In the present study, the role of angiogenin in the human alloreactive immune response was evaluated using mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) and neamine, an inhibitor of angiogenin nuclear translocation. In MLRs, angiogenin production was significantly (P<0.001) increased compared with resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The addition of neamine had no effect on cell proliferation, but did significantly (P<0.001) increase expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and protein levels of activated caspase-3 in CD4+ T-cells isolated from the MLRs, indicating that angiogenin reduces apoptosis. In conclusion, angiogenin is upregulated during the alloreactive immune response, in which it does not affect the T-cell expansion phase, but inhibits the T-cell contraction phase by protecting against CD4+ T-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Sounidaki
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antoniadis
- Organ Transplant Unit, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Antoniadi
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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147
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Chernobrovkin AL, Zubarev RA. How well can morphology assess cell death modality? A proteomics study. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16068. [PMID: 27752363 PMCID: PMC5045961 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the focus of attempts to classify cell death programs has finally shifted in 2010s from microscopy-based morphological characteristics to biochemical assays, more recent discoveries have put the underlying assumptions of many such assays under severe stress, mostly because of the limited specificity of the assays. On the other hand, proteomics can quantitatively measure the abundances of thousands of proteins in a single experiment. Thus proteomics could develop a modern alternative to both semiquantitative morphology assessment as well as single-molecule biochemical assays. Here we tested this hypothesis by analyzing the proteomes of cells dying after been treated with various chemical agents. The most striking finding is that, for a multivariate model based on the proteome changes in three cells lines, the regulation patterns of the 200–500 most abundant proteins typically attributed to household type more accurately reflect that of the proteins directly interacting with the drug than any other protein subset grouped by common function or biological process, including cell death. This is in broad agreement with the 'rigid cell death mechanics' model where drug action mechanism and morphological changes caused by it are bijectively linked. This finding, if confirmed, will open way for a broad use of proteomics in death modality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey L Chernobrovkin
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Scheelesväg 2, SE-17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Scheelesväg 2, SE-17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
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N-pentyl-nitrofurantoin induces apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cell line by upregulating BAX and downregulating BCL-xL gene expression. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1046-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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149
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Sounidaki M, Tsogka K, Antoniadis N, Antoniadi G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, by degrading L-tryptophan, enhances carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity and fatty acid oxidation, and exerts fatty acid-dependent effects in human alloreactive CD4+ T-cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1605-1613. [PMID: 27667153 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is expressed in antigen-presenting cells and by degrading L-tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway suppresses CD4+ T-cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and promotes differentiation towards a regulatory as opposed to an effector phenotype. Recent findings revealed that the above effects may be mediated through alterations in T-cell metabolism. In this study, the effect of IDO on fatty acid β-oxidation in CD4+ T-cells was evaluated in human mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) using the IDO inhibitor, 1-DL-methyl-tryptophan. Protein analysis of CD4+ T-cells isolated from the MLR showed that L-tryptophan degradation acts by activating the general control non‑derepressible 2 kinase and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor in T-cells. In the absence of IDO inhibition, fatty acid oxidation increased along with increased activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), the latter due to the increased expression of CPT1 isoenzymes and alterations in acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, the enzyme that controls CPT1 activity. Increased fatty acid oxidation due to the action of IDO was accompanied by an increased expression of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and a decreased expression of related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), the signature transcription factors of regulatory T-cells and T helper 17 cells, respectively. However, in MLR and in the presence of fatty acid in the culture medium, IDO did not inhibit proliferation. Additionally, fatty acid protected the CD4+ T-cells against apoptosis. Thus, IDO, by degrading L-tryptophan, enhances CPT1 activity and fatty acid oxidation, and exerts fatty acid-dependent effects in human alloreactive CD4+ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Sounidaki
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tsogka
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antoniadis
- Organ Transplant Unit, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Antoniadi
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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150
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Zhou P, Tan YZ, Wang HJ, Li T, He T, Yu Y, Zhang J, Zhang D. Cytoprotective effect of autophagy on phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:165-176. [PMID: 27658567 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of the apoptotic cells by phagocytes plays pivotal roles in maintenance of tissue homeostasis, promotion of immunological tolerance and anti-inflammatory response. Recent studies show that autophagy is involved in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells. However, contribution of autophagy to phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells by macrophages is not clearly defined. Here, we assessed cytoprotective effect of autophagy on clearance of the apoptotic cells. Apoptosis of murine splenic lymphocytes and human T-cell leukemia cells was induced with cyclophosphamide. After engulfment of the apoptotic cells, expression of Belin-1 and LC3 in macrophages was upregulated, the number of MDC-positive vesicles, LC3-positive autophagosomes and autophagic ultrastructures increased significantly. Autophagosome was fused with phagosome containing fragments of the nuclei or other debris of the apoptotic cells to form amphisome. Some cells in macrophages phagocytosing the apoptotic cells became apoptotic. After autophagy of macrophages was inhibited with 3-MA, viability and survival of macrophages reduced, phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells by macrophages deceased significantly. These results demonstrate that autophagy plays an important role in promoting clearance of the apoptotic cells by protecting macrophages from apoptosis during phagocytosis as well as degrading the contents of phagosomes via amphisome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Jie Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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