101
|
PIERONI OSVALDO, FISSI ADRIANO, SALVADORI SEVERO, BALBONI GIANFRANCO, TOMATIS ROBERTO. Dehydro-dermorphins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1986.tb03233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
102
|
SALVADORI SEVERO, MARASTONI MAURO, BALBONI GIANFRANCO, MARZOLA GIULIANO, TOMATIS ROBERTO. Dehydro-dermorphins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1986.tb03254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
103
|
|
104
|
Ho J, Coote ML. pKa Calculation of Some Biologically Important Carbon Acids - An Assessment of Contemporary Theoretical Procedures. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:295-306. [DOI: 10.1021/ct800335v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junming Ho
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Shen HY, Tian GL, Ye YH. Synthesis of dermorphin-(1-4) derivatives catalyzed by proteases in organic solvents*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:143-8. [PMID: 15686545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to extend the use of proteases to organic synthesis and seek the rules of enzymatic reactions in organic media, we focused on unnatural substrates for proteases to form amide bonds. In this paper, the study of unnatural substrates containing D-amino acid residue, which act as acyl acceptors as well as acyl donors for proteases in organic media, is reported. Dermorphin is a heptapeptide (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH(2)) with potent analgesic activity. The N-terminal tetrapeptide is the minimum sequence that retains dermorphin activity, and is selected as the model compound in our study. Two dermorphin-(1-4) derivatives, Boc-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-N(2)H(2)Ph and Boc-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH(2), which contained a d-amino acid residue, were synthesized by proteases in organic media for the first time. The synthesis of these two dermorphin-(1-4) derivatives could be catalyzed by subtilisin with Boc-Tyr-D-Ala-OCH(2)CF(3) as an acyl donor substrate in AcOEt. The synthesis of dermorphin-(1-2) derivative Boc-Tyr-D-Ala-N(2)H(2)Ph was catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin in different organic solvents and D-Ala-N(2)H(2)Ph was used as an acyl acceptor substrate. Factors influencing the above enzymatic reactions were systematically studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Guzevatykh LS. Identification of functionally important dipeptide in sequences of atypical opioid peptides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008; 34:591-609. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162008050026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
107
|
Bozzi A, Mangoni ML, Rinaldi AC, Mignogna G, Aschi M. Folding propensity and biological activity of peptides: the effect of a single stereochemical isomerization on the conformational properties of bombinins in aqueous solution. Biopolymers 2008; 89:769-78. [PMID: 18459169 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Folding propensities of bombinins H2 and H4, two members of amphibian bombinins H, a family of 17-20 residue alpha-helical peptides, have been investigated by means of circular dichroism (CD) measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The two peptides, with primary structure IIGPVLGLVGSALGGLLKKI-NH2 and differing only for the configuration of the second aminoacid (an L-isoleucine in H2 and a D-alloisoleucine in H4) behave rather differently in solution. In particular both CD measurements and MD simulations indicate that bombinin H2 shows a markedly higher tendency to fold. From a careful inspection of MD trajectories it emerges that the stereochemical isomerization mutation of residue 2 to D-alloisoleucine in H4 peptide, drastically decreases its ability to form intrapeptide contacts. MD simulations also indicate that the conformational sampling in both systems derives from a subtle combination of energetic and entropic effects both involving the peptide itself and the solvent. The present results have been finally paralleled with preliminary information on bombinins H2 and H4 biological activity, i.e. interaction with membrane, supporting the hypothesis of an "already folded" conformation in water rather than interfacial folding tenet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argante Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università L'Aquila e Consorzlo INBB, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Ladram A, Besné I, Breton L, de Lacharrière O, Nicolas P, Amiche M. Pharmacologic study of C-terminal fragments of frog skin calcitonin gene-related peptide. Peptides 2008; 29:1150-6. [PMID: 18395938 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The calcitonin gene-related peptide from the skin of the frog Phyllomedusa bicolor (pbCGRP) is a 37-residue neuropeptide that differs from human alpha CGRP (halphaCGRP) at 16 positions. The affinities of the C-terminal fragments of pbCGRP and halphaCGRP were evaluated in SK-N-MC cells: pbCGRP(8-37) (K(i)=0.2nM) and pbCGRP(27-37) (K(i)=95nM) were, respectively, 3 times and 20 times more potent than the human fragments halphaCGRP(8-37) and halphaCGRP(27-37). Their antagonistic potencies were measured in SK-N-MC and Col 29 cells, and the rat vas deferens. pbCGRP(8-37) inhibited the halphaCGRP-stimulated production of cAMP by SK-N-MC and Col 29 cells 3 to 4 times more strongly than halphaCGRP(8-37). Thus pbCGRP(8-37) is the most potent CGRP-1 competitive antagonist of all the natural sequences reported to date. pbCGRP(27-37) was also as potent as [D(31), A(34), F(35)] halphaCGRP(27-37), a prototypic antagonist analog derived from structure-activity relationship studies of halphaCGRP(8-37).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ladram
- Peptidome de la Peau des Amphibiens, FRE2852, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Tour 43, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cédex 05, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Zieleniak A, Rodziewicz‐Motowidło S, Rusak Ł, Chung NN, Czaplewski C, Witkowska E, Schiller PW, Ciarkowski J, Izdebski J. Deltorphin analogs restricted via a urea bridge: structure and opioid activity. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:830-7. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
110
|
Ballet S, Misicka A, Kosson P, Lemieux C, Chung NN, Schiller PW, Lipkowski AW, Tourwé D. Blood-brain barrier penetration by two dermorphin tetrapeptide analogues: role of lipophilicity vs structural flexibility. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2571-4. [PMID: 18370374 DOI: 10.1021/jm701404s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Two dermorphin analogues having an almost identical structure but different structural flexibility were compared for opioid activity. In 1 the aromatic side chains were incorporated into a lactam structure, while in 2 N-amide alkylation was retained but the side chains were flexible. Both compounds produced comparable antinociceptive effects in the mouse tail flick test after peripheral administration. This indicates that lipophilicity, rather than side chain flexibility, is the key determinant for blood-CNS barrier penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ballet
- Organic Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Han Y, Huang F, Jiang H, Liu L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Shao X, Chi C, Du W, Wang C. Purification and structural characterization of a d-amino acid-containing conopeptide, conomarphin, from Conus marmoreus. FEBS J 2008; 275:1976-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
112
|
Bansal PS, Torres AM, Crossett B, Wong KKY, Koh JMS, Geraghty DP, Vandenberg JI, Kuchel PW. Substrate specificity of platypus venom L-to-D-peptide isomerase. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:8969-75. [PMID: 18158286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709762200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-to-D-peptide isomerase from the venom of the platypus (Ornithorhyncus anatinus) is the first such enzyme to be reported for a mammal. In delineating its catalytic mechanism and broader roles in the animal, its substrate specificity was explored. We used N-terminal segments of defensin-like peptides DLP-2 and DLP-4 and natriuretic peptide OvCNP from the venom as substrates. The DLP analogues IMFsrs and ImFsrs (srs is a solubilizing chain; lowercase letters denote D-amino acid) were effective substrates for the isomerase; it appears to recognize the N-terminal tripeptide sequence Ile-Xaa-Phe-. A suite of 26 mutants of these hexapeptides was synthesized by replacing the second residue (Met) with another amino acid, viz. Ala, alpha-aminobutyric acid, Ile, Leu, Lys, norleucine, Phe, Tyr, and Val. It was shown that mutant peptides incorporating norleucine and Phe are substrates and exhibit L- or D-amino acid isomerization, but mutant peptides that contain residues with shorter, beta-branched or long side chains with polar terminal groups, viz. Ala, alpha-aminobutyric acid, Ile, Val, Leu, Lys, and Tyr, respectively, are not substrates. It was demonstrated that at least three N-terminal amino acid residues are absolutely essential for L-to-D-isomerization; furthermore, the third amino acid must be a Phe residue. None of the hexapeptides based on LLH, the first three residues of OvCNP, were substrates. A consistent 2-base mechanism is proposed for the isomerization; abstraction of a proton by 1 base is concomitant with delivery of a proton by the conjugate acid of a second base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S Bansal
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Emel’yanova TG, Guzevatykh LS, Andreeva LA, Alfeeva LY, Myasoedov NF. The relationship between the structure of dermorphines and their thermoregulatory activity. BIOL BULL+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359007060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
114
|
|
115
|
Mangoni ML, Marcellini HGL, Simmaco M. Biological characterization and modes of action of temporins and bombinins H, multiple forms of short and mildly cationic anti-microbial peptides from amphibian skin. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:603-13. [PMID: 17602439 DOI: 10.1002/psc.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded cationic anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the ancient and non-specific innate immune system, which is the principal defence mechanism of all species of life, with the primary role to kill infectious microorganisms. Amphibian skin is one of the richest natural sources of such molecules, which are produced by holocrine-type dermal glands and released upon stimulation. This review highlights the attractive and unique structural/functional properties of temporins and bombinins H, two families of short and mildly cationic peptides, isolated from the skin of frogs belonging to Rana and Bombina genera, respectively. Beside improving our knowledge on the role of AMPs in the regulation of the innate immunity, the biological significance of the existence of multiple forms of a prototypic peptide sequence within the same organism and the implication of short peptides in the endotoxin neutralization, these two classes of AMPs can be also considered as valid candidates for the design of novel anti-infective and anti-sepsis drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Andrea - Roma, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
I(1)-superfamily conotoxins and prediction of single D-amino acid occurrence. Toxicon 2007; 51:218-29. [PMID: 17996262 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The considerable diversity of Conus peptides in the I(1)-superfamily provides a rare opportunity to define parameters important for the post-translational l- to d-isomerization of amino acids. This subtlest of post-translational modifications is not readily detectable by most techniques, and it would be a considerable advance if one could predict its potential occurrence purely from gene sequences. We previously described three I(1)-conotoxins, iota-RXIA (formerly designated r11a), r11b and r11c, each containing a d-amino acid at the third position from the C-terminus. In this work, we investigated two novel I(1)-superfamily members, r11d and ar11a, which we show have only l-amino acids. Based on these observations and an analysis of cDNA sequences of other group members, we suggest that there is a rule to predict d-amino acids in I(1)-superfamily peptides. Two factors are important: the residue to be modified should be three amino acids from the C-terminus of the precursor sequence, and it should be in a suitable sequence context. We apply the rule to other members of the I(1)-superfamily, to determine a priori which are probably modified.
Collapse
|
117
|
Soukup-Hein RJ, Schneiderheinze J, Mehelic P, Armstrong DW. LC and LC-MS Separation of Peptides on Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Stationary Phases: Diastereomeric Series and Large Peptides. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
118
|
Shiotani K, Li T, Miyazaki A, Tsuda Y, Yokoi T, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Design and synthesis of opioidmimetics containing 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine and a pyrazinone-ring platform. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5768-71. [PMID: 17826995 PMCID: PMC2366109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twelve 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt) analogues linked to a pyrazinone platform were synthesized as 3- or 6-[H-Dmt-NH(CH(2))(n)],3- or 6-R-2(1H)-pyrazinone (n=1-4). 3-[H-Dmt-NH-(CH(2))(4)]-6-beta-phenethyl-5-methyl-2(1H)-pyrazinone 11 bound to mu-opioid receptors with high affinity (K(i)mu=0.13 nM; K(i)delta/K(i)mu=447) with mu-agonism (GPI IC(50)=15.9 nM) and weak delta-antagonism (MVD pA(2)=6.35). Key factors affecting opioid affinity and functional bioactivity are the length of the aminoalkyl chain linked to Dmt and the nature of the R residue. These data present a simplified method for the formation of pyrazinone opioidmimetics and new lead compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimitaka Shiotani
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Thompson AH, Bjourson AJ, Orr DF, Shaw C, McClean S. Amphibian skin secretomics: application of parallel quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and peptide precursor cDNA cloning to rapidly characterize the skin secretory peptidome of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea: discovery of a novel peptide family, the hyposins. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:3604-13. [PMID: 17696382 DOI: 10.1021/pr0702666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the variety of peptides present in the skin secretory peptidome of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea. Peptide structures, along with post-translational modifications, were elucidated by QTOF MS/MS analysis, cDNA sequencing, or a combination of both. Twenty-two peptides, including 19 novel structures, were identified from six different structural classes, including tryptophyllins, dermorphins, and a novel group of peptides termed hyposins. The study demonstrates the power of this combined approach to mine the rich peptidome compliment of the amphibian defensive skin secretome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hunter Thompson
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
D'Aniello A. d-Aspartic acid: An endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 53:215-34. [PMID: 17118457 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
D-Aspartic acid (d-Asp), an endogenous amino acid present in vertebrates and invertebrates, plays an important role in the neuroendocrine system, as well as in the development of the nervous system. During the embryonic stage of birds and the early postnatal life of mammals, a transient high concentration of d-Asp takes place in the brain and in the retina. d-Asp also acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. Indeed, this amino acid has been detected in synaptosomes and in synaptic vesicles, where it is released after chemical (K(+) ion, ionomycin) or electric stimuli. Furthermore, d-Asp increases cAMP in neuronal cells and is transported from the synaptic clefts to presynaptic nerve cells through a specific transporter. In the endocrine system, instead, d-Asp is involved in the regulation of hormone synthesis and release. For example, in the rat hypothalamus, it enhances gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and induces oxytocin and vasopressin mRNA synthesis. In the pituitary gland, it stimulates the secretion of the following hormones: prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone (GH) In the testes, it is present in Leydig cells and is involved in testosterone and progesterone release. Thus, a hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads pathway, in which d-Asp is involved, has been formulated. In conclusion, the present work is a summary of previous and current research done on the role of d-Asp in the nervous and endocrine systems of invertebrates and vertebrates, including mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antimo D'Aniello
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Stazione Zoologica A Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Mizoguchi H, Watanabe C, Watanabe H, Moriyama K, Sato B, Ohwada K, Yonezawa A, Sakurada T, Sakurada S. Involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in the antinociception induced by the novel dermorphin tetrapeptide analog amidino-TAPA. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 560:150-9. [PMID: 17307162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The antinociceptive effect of i.t. administered N(alpha)-amidino-Tyr-d-Arg-Phe-beta-Ala (amidino-TAPA), an N-terminal tetrapeptide analog of dermorphin, was characterized in ddY mice. In the opioid receptor ligand-binding assays using mouse brain membranes, amidino-TAPA showed a very high affinity for mu-opioid receptors, a low affinity to delta-opioid receptors and no affinity for kappa-opioid receptors. In the mouse tail-flick test, i.t. treatment with amidino-TAPA produced a potent antinociception. The antinociception induced by amidino-TAPA was significantly attenuated by i.t. pretreatment with the mu-opioid receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine, the kappa-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine and the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole. Moreover, the antinociception induced by amidino-TAPA was significantly attenuated by i.t. pretreatment with antisera against the endogenous kappa-opioid peptides dynorphin A, dynorphin B and alpha-neo-endorphin; and the endogenous delta-opioid peptide [Leu(5)]enkephalin. In mice lacking prodynorphin, the precursor of the endogenous kappa-opioid peptides, the antinociceptive effect of amidino-TAPA was significantly attenuated compared to that in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. However, there was no difference in G-protein activation by amidino-TAPA in the spinal cord membranes from prodynorphin knockout mice and C57BL/6J mice. The present results suggest that the spinal antinociception induced by the mu-opioid receptor selective peptide amidino-TAPA is mediated in part by the release of endogenous opioid peptides in the spinal cord, which is caused by the direct stimulation of mu-opioid receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Mizoguchi
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Biondi L, Filira F, Giannini E, Gobbo M, Lattanzi R, Negri L, Rocchi R. Novel glycosylated [Lys7]-dermorphin analogues: synthesis, biological activity and conformational investigations. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:179-89. [PMID: 17177323 DOI: 10.1002/psc.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of the [Lys(7)]- and [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-dermorphin analogues in which either Tyr(5) or Hyp(6) are O-glucosylated are described. For comparison, the carbohydrate-free peptides have also been prepared. Structural investigations by FT-IR and CD measurements were carried out on the synthetic analogues and some preliminary pharmacological experiments were also performed. The biological potency of the glucosylated analogues was compared with that of the micro-opioid receptor agonist dermorphin in GPI preparations. Glucosylation of either Tyr(5) or Hyp(6) reduces the potency of both [Lys(7)]-dermorphin and [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-dermorphin. The effect induced by the Tyr(5) glucosylation is quite strong and the potency of both peptides is reduced by about 150 times. A similar but less dramatic effect is induced by the glucosylation of the Hyp(6) residue, and the potency of the parent peptide is reduced by about 15 times. The presence of acetyl groups on the sugar hydroxyl functions further reduces the agonistic potency of the glucosylated analogues. The analgesic potency of [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-, [Hyp(betaGlc)(6),Lys(7)]- and [Tyr(betaGlc)(5),Lys(7)]-dermorphin were also tested in vivo by the tail-flick test. The glucosylated hydroxyproline-containing analogue is 8-10 times less active than the parent peptide, but its analgesic effect lasts significantly longer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biondi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Section of Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
May HE, Tanzer FS, Fridland GH, Wakelyn C, Desiderio DM. High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Proteolytic Enzyme Characterization of Peptides in Tooth Pulp Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918208067623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
124
|
Shiotani K, Li T, Miyazaki A, Tsuda Y, Bryant SD, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Synthesis of 3,6-bis[H-Tyr/H-Dmt-NH(CH2)m,n]-2(1H)pyrazinone derivatives: function of alkyl chain length on opioid activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5793-6. [PMID: 16949282 PMCID: PMC2636969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric opioid analogues linked to a pyrazinone platform, 3-[Tyr/Dmt-NH(CH2)m]-6-[Tyr/Dmt-NH(CH2)n]-2(1H)-pyrazinone (m, n=3 or 4), were synthesized. The Tyr-containing compound (m=4, n=3) exhibited mu-receptor affinity (K(i)mu; 7.58 nM) comparable to that of morphine, while the Dmt derivatives exhibited considerably higher affinity (K(i)mu; 0.021-0.051 nM) with corresponding agonism (IC50=1.79-4.93 nM). Interestingly one compound (m=4, n=3) revealed modest delta-opioid agonism; the converse analogue (m=3, n=4), however, was inactive in MVD assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimitaka Shiotani
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Anna Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Sharon D. Bryant
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
| | - Yoshio Okada
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Conceição K, Bruni FM, Pareja-Santos A, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C, Pimenta DC. Unusual profile of leukocyte recruitment in mice induced by a skin secretion of the tree frog Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis. Toxicon 2006; 49:625-33. [PMID: 17157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis skin secretion can cause both systemic and local effects. In this study, we describe the pattern of local acute inflammatory response after P. hypochondrialis skin secretion injection. The inflammatory reaction in the mice footpad was analysed, including the leukocyte recruitment into local tissue from the peripheral blood, in a mouse model of tissue injury. We also investigated the release of the cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, chemokines KC and MCP-1 and the eicosanoids LTB 4 and PGE(2) in mice. The present findings support the ability of P. hypochondrialis skin secretion to induce local inflammation. In addition, these skin secretion components play a role in the initial rolling and slowing of recruited leukocytes and the transition from rolling to adhesion. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, chemokines KC and MCP-1 as well as the eicosanoid PGE(2) were significantly increased after injection of a skin secretion of P. hypochondrialis (0.6 microg/30 microl intraplantar), whereas no changes in other parameters were observed. Finally, the mechanisms involved in the local inflammatory process induced by P. hypochondrialis skin secretion is one of the questions of relevance related to the complex pathophysiology induced by this particular secretion and other toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Conceição
- LETA (Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada), Center for Applied Toxinology (CAT/CEPID), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Mizoguchi H, Nakayama D, Watanabe H, Ito K, Sakurada W, Sawai T, Fujimura T, Sato T, Sakurada T, Sakurada S. Involvement of spinal μ1-opioid receptors on the Tyr-d-Arg-Phe-sarcosine-induced antinociception. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 540:67-72. [PMID: 16730704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 04/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of spinal mu-opioid receptor subtypes on the antinociception induced by i.t.-administered Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-sarcosine (TAPS), a N-terminal tetrapeptide analog of dermorphin, was determined in mice tail-flick test. Intrathecal administration of TAPS produced the marked inhibition of the tail-flick response in a dose-dependent manner. The antinociception induced by TAPS was completely eliminated by i.t.-co-administration of Tyr-D-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2 (D-Pro2-endomorphin-2), the mu1-opioid receptor antagonist, whereas i.t. co-treatment with Tyr-D-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 (D-Pro2-endomorphin-1) or Tyr-D-Pro-Trp-Gly-NH2 (D-Pro2-Tyr-W-MIF-1), the mu2-opioid receptor antagonists, did not affect the TAPS-induced antinociception. In contrast, the antinociception induced by i.t.-administered [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin was significantly attenuated by i.t.-co-administration of D-Pro2-endomorphin-1 or D-Pro2-Tyr-W-MIF-1, but not D-Pro2-endomorphin-2. These results suggest that TAPS may stimulate spinal mu1-opioid receptors to produce the antinociception.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analgesics/administration & dosage
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/administration & dosage
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Hot Temperature/adverse effects
- Hyperalgesia/etiology
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/prevention & control
- Injections, Spinal
- MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone/administration & dosage
- MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone/analogs & derivatives
- MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Pain Measurement/methods
- Protein Isoforms/agonists
- Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Mizoguchi
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Rónai AZ, Al-Khrasani M, Benyhe S, Lengyel I, Kocsis L, Orosz G, Tóth G, Kató E, Tóthfalusi L. Partial and full agonism in endomorphin derivatives: comparison by null and operational model. Peptides 2006; 27:1507-13. [PMID: 16413634 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The partial mu-opioid receptor pool inactivation strategy in isolated mouse vas deferens was used to determine partial agonism of endomorphins and their analogs (endomorphin-1-ol, 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt)-endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2-ol and (D-Met2)-endomorphin-2) using morphine, normorphine, morphiceptin, (D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAMGO) and its amide (DAMGA) as reference opioid agonists. Agonist affinities (KA) and efficacies were assessed both by the "null" and the "operational" method. The KA values determined by the two methods correlated significantly with each other and also with the displacing potencies against 3H-naloxone in the receptor binding assay in the presence of Na+. DAMGO and DAMGA were full agonist prototypes, morphine, endomorphin-1, endomorphin-1-ol, Dmt-endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2-ol and (D-Met2)-endomorphin-2 were found by both methods to be partial agonists whereas the parameters for normorphine, morphiceptin and endomorphin-2 were intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Z Rónai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, PO Box 370, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Torres AM, Tsampazi M, Kennett EC, Belov K, Geraghty DP, Bansal PS, Alewood PF, Kuchel PW. Characterization and isolation of L-to-D-amino-acid-residue isomerase from platypus venom. Amino Acids 2006; 32:63-8. [PMID: 16729187 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Platypus venom contains an isomerase that reversibly interconverts the second amino-acid residue in some peptides between the L-form and the D-form. The enzyme acts on the natriuretic peptides OvCNPa and OvCNPb, and on the defensin-like peptides DLP-2 and DLP-4, but it does not act on DLP-1. While the isomerization of DLP-2 to DLP-4 is inhibited by the amino-peptidase inhibitor amastatin, it is not affected by the leucine amino-peptidase inhibitor bestatin. The enzyme, that is only present in minute quantities in an extract of the venom gland, is thermally stable up to 55 degrees C, and it was found by anion-exchange chromatography to be acidic. Isolation of the isomerase was carried out by combined ion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Torres
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Boni R, Santillo R, Macchia G, Spinelli P, Ferrandino G, D'Aniello A. d-Aspartate and reproductive activity in sheep. Theriogenology 2006; 65:1265-78. [PMID: 16203031 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) has been isolated from neuroendocrine tissues of many invertebrates and vertebrates. Recently, it has been demonstrated that this D-amino acid may be converted to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), a neuromodulator associated with sexual activity. In this study, we determined D-Asp and NMDA concentrations in endocrine glands and other tissues in ewes after D-Asp administration and in controls. We also evaluated the effects of d-Asp administration on the reproductive activity of ewes by determining either progesterone concentrations or LH pulses in the presence or absence of estradiol benzoate. The pineal gland showed the highest natural content of D-Asp (1.47+/-0.22 micromol/g tissue), whereas the pituitary gland had the highest capability to store d-Asp, with a peak value (9.7+/-0.81 micromol/g tissue) 6 h after its administration. NMDA increased sharply 12 h following D-Asp administration, reaching values three times higher than the baseline in both the pituitary and brain. D-Asp was quickly adsorbed after subcutaneous administration, with a peak in plasma levels 2 h after administration and a return to baseline values after 6 h. D-Asp administration achieved a significant (P < 0.001) increase in LH values with respect to estradiol or estradiol + D-Asp treatments. d-Asp treatment once or twice a week did not successfully drive acyclic ewes into reproductive activity. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that D-Asp is endogenously present in sheep tissues and electively stored in endocrine glands and brain after its administration. NMDA and LH increase following D-Asp administration suggesting a role of this D-amino acid in the reproductive activity of sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Boni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Basilicata, Campus Macchia Romana, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Pukala TL, Bowie JH, Maselli VM, Musgrave IF, Tyler MJ. Host-defence peptides from the glandular secretions of amphibians: structure and activity. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:368-93. [PMID: 16741585 DOI: 10.1039/b512118n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Pukala
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Ballet S, Frycia A, Piron J, Chung NN, Schiller PW, Kosson P, Lipkowski AW, Tourwé D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of constrained analogues of the opioid peptide H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2 using the 4-amino-2-benzazepin-3-one scaffold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 66:222-30. [PMID: 16218989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of conformationally restricted dipeptidic moieties 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-3-one (Aba)-Gly ([(4S)-amino-3-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepin-2-yl]-acetic acid) and 8-hydroxy-4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-3-one (Hba)-D-Ala ([(4S)-amino-8-hydroxy-3-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[c]azepin-2-yl]-propionic acid) was based on a synthetic strategy that uses an oxazolidinone as an N-acyliminium precursor. Introducing these Aba scaffolds into the N-terminal tetrapeptide of dermorphin (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2)-induced remarkable shifts in affinity and selectivity towards the opioid mu- and delta-receptors. This paper provides the synthesis and biological in vitro and in vivo evaluation of constricted analogues of the N-terminal tetrapeptide H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2, which is the minimal subunit of dermorphin needed for dermorphin-like opiate activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ballet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Torres AM, Tsampazi M, Tsampazi C, Kennett EC, Belov K, Geraghty DP, Bansal PS, Alewood PF, Kuchel PW. Mammalian l-to-d-amino-acid-residue isomerase from platypus venom. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:1587-91. [PMID: 16480722 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of d-amino-acid-containing polypeptides, defensin-like peptide (DLP)-2 and Ornithorhyncus venom C-type natriuretic peptide (OvCNP)b, in platypus venom suggested the existence of a mammalian d-amino-acid-residue isomerase(s) responsible for the modification of the all-l-amino acid precursors. We show here that this enzyme(s) is present in the venom gland extract and is responsible for the creation of DLP-2 from DLP-4 and OvCNPb from OvCNPa. The isomerisation reaction is freely reversible and under well defined laboratory conditions catalyses the interconversion of the DLPs to full equilibration. The isomerase is approximately 50-60 kDa and is inhibited by methanol and the peptidase inhibitor amastatin. This is the first known l-to-d-amino-acid-residue isomerase in a mammal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan M Torres
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Building G08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Torres A, Tsampazi C, Geraghty D, Bansal P, Alewood P, Kuchel P. D-amino acid residue in a defensin-like peptide from platypus venom: effect on structure and chromatographic properties. Biochem J 2006; 391:215-20. [PMID: 16033333 PMCID: PMC1276918 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery that the natriuretic peptide OvCNPb (Ornithorhynchus venom C-type natriuretic peptide B) from platypus (Ornithorynchus anatinus) venom contains a D-amino acid residue suggested that other D-amino-acid-containing peptides might be present in the venom. In the present study, we show that DLP-2 (defensin-like peptide-2), a 42-amino-acid residue polypeptide in the platypus venom, also contains a D-amino acid residue, D-methionine, at position 2, while DLP-4, which has an identical amino acid sequence, has all amino acids in the L-form. These findings were supported further by the detection of isomerase activity in the platypus gland venom extract that converts DLP-4 into DLP-2. In the light of this new information, the tertiary structure of DLP-2 was recalculated using a new structural template with D-Met2. The structure of DLP-4 was also determined in order to evaluate the effect of a D-amino acid at position 2 on the structure and possibly to explain the large retention time difference observed for the two molecules in reverse-phase HPLC. The solution structures of the DLP-2 and DLP-4 are very similar to each other and to the earlier reported structure of DLP-2, which assumed that all amino acids were in the L-form. Our results suggest that the incorporation of the D-amino acid at position 2 has minimal effect on the overall fold in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan M. Torres
- *School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chryssanthi Tsampazi
- *School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dominic P. Geraghty
- †School of Biomedical Science, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia
| | - Paramjit S. Bansal
- ‡Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Paul F. Alewood
- ‡Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Philip W. Kuchel
- *School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Lisowski M, Olczak J, Zabrocki J. Circular dichroic properties of the tyrosine residues in tetrazole analogues of opioid peptides. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:297-302. [PMID: 16180245 DOI: 10.1002/psc.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CD studies on tetrazole analogues of opioid peptides show that peptides sharing the same N-terminal sequence, H-TyrPsi[CN(4)]Gly-, give very large Cotton effects of the Tyr side chain in the near-UV region. CD spectra of five such peptides: H-TyrPsi[CN(4)]Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH (I), H-TyrPsi[CN(4)]Gly-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-NH(2) (II), H-TyrPsi[CN(4)]Gly-Phe-Pro-NH(2) (III), H-TyrPsi[CN(4)]Gly-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH(2) (IV), and H-TyrPsi[CN(4)]Gly-Phe-Asp-Val-Val-Gly-NH(2) (V), and two others for comparison: H-Tyr-GlyPsi[CN(4)]Gly-Phe-Leu-OH (VI) and H-TyrPsi[CN(4)]Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH(2) (VII), were measured in methanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, and water at different pH values. The spectra show that the conformations of the Tyr(1) residue in peptides I-V are very similar in all solvents used but differ distinctly from those observed for VI and VII. Strong Tyr bands in the aromatic region result probably from the rigid structure of the common N-terminal part of peptides I-V. These bands are weaker for IV, which maybe due to the presence of a second Tyr residue in that peptide, giving an opposite contribution to the CD spectrum as that arising from Tyr1. It seems that the rigid structure of the N-terminal part of I-V results from the interaction of the Tyr(1) side chain and the tetrazole ring. The CD bands of the Tyr residues of VI and VII are much smaller than those of I-V in all solvents, except VII in trifluoroethanol (TFE) where Tyr bands comparable in intensity to those of I-V are observed. This spectral property may derive from the same sign contribution of both Tyr residues of VII to the CD spectrum.
Collapse
|
135
|
Abdel-Wahab YHA, Marenah L, Orr DF, Shaw C, Flatt PR. Isolation and structural characterisation of a novel 13-amino acid insulin-releasing peptide from the skin secretion of Agalychnis calcarifer. Biol Chem 2005; 386:581-7. [PMID: 16006245 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2005.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe the isolation and characterisation of an insulinotropic peptide from the skin secretions of Agalychnis calcarifer frogs. Peptides in crude secretions obtained by mild electrical stimulation from the dorsal skin surface were purified by reversed-phase HPLC, yielding fractions in two zones with insulin-releasing activity ( p <0.001). The peaks showing greatest in vitro insulin-releasing activity were subsequently purified to homogeneity, revealing a novel insulinotropic 13-amino-acid (1653.2 Da) peptide with the primary structure RRKPLFPFIPRPK [corrected] (RK-13). A database search for RK-13 showed 53.8% similarity with the N-terminal region of proline-arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide (PR-39). Synthetic RK-13 stimulated insulin release in a dose-dependent, glucose-sensitive manner, exerting its effects through a cyclic AMP-protein kinase A pathway independent of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Unlike PR-39, RK-13 lacks antimicrobial effects on the growth of yeast, and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our data indicate that skin secretions of Agalychnis calcarifer frogs contain insulin-releasing peptides, including RK-13, which merit further investigation as insulin secretagogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, N. Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Auvynet C, Seddiki N, Dunia I, Nicolas P, Amiche M, Lacombe C. Post-translational amino acid racemization in the frog skin peptide deltorphin I in the secretion granules of cutaneous serous glands. Eur J Cell Biol 2005; 85:25-34. [PMID: 16373172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2005.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal glands of the South American hylid frog Phyllomedusa bicolor synthesize and expel huge amounts of cationic, alpha-helical, 24- to 33-residue antimicrobial peptides, the dermaseptins B. These glands also produce a wide array of peptides that are similar to mammalian hormones and neuropeptides, including a heptapeptide opioid containing a D-amino acid, deltorphin I (Tyr-DAla-Phe-Asp-Val-Val-Gly NH2). Its biological activity is due to the racemization of L-Ala2 to D-Ala. The dermaseptins B and deltorphins are all derived from a single family of precursor polypeptides that have an N-terminal preprosequence that is remarkably well conserved, although the progenitor sequences giving rise to mature opioid or antimicrobial peptides are markedly different. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used to examine the cellular and ultrastructural distributions of deltorphin I and dermaseptin B in the serous glands by immunofluoresence confocal microscopy and immunogold-electron microscopy. Preprodeltorphin I and preprodermaseptins B are sorted into the regulated pathway of secretion, where they are processed to give the mature products. Deltorphin I, [l-Ala2]-deltorphin I and dermaseptin B are all stored together in secretion granules which accumulate in the cytoplasm of all serous glands. We conclude that the L- to D-amino acid isomerization of the deltorphin I occurs in the secretory granules as a post-translational event. Thus the specificity of isomerization depends on the presence of structural and/or conformational determinants in the peptide N-terminus surrounding the isomerization site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constance Auvynet
- Peptidome de la peau d'amphibiens, FRE 2852, CNRS-Université Paris-6, Tour 43, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 Place Jussieu, F-75251 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Buczek O, Yoshikami D, Watkins M, Bulaj G, Jimenez EC, Olivera BM. Characterization of D-amino-acid-containing excitatory conotoxins and redefinition of the I-conotoxin superfamily. FEBS J 2005; 272:4178-88. [PMID: 16098199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational isomerization of l-amino acids to d-amino acids is a subtle modification, not detectable by standard techniques such as Edman sequencing or MS. Accurate predictions require more sequences of modified polypeptides. A 46-amino-acid-long conotoxin, r11a, belonging to the I-superfamily was previously shown to have a d-Phe residue at position 44. In this report, we characterize two related peptides, r11b and r11c, with d-Phe and d-Leu, respectively, at the homologous position. Electrophysiological tests show that all three peptides induce repetitive activity in frog motor nerve, and epimerization of the single amino acid at the third position from the C-terminus attenuates the potency of r11a and r11b, but not that of r11c. Furthermore, r11c (but neither r11a nor r11b) also acts on skeletal muscle. We identified more cDNA clones encoding conopeptide precursors with Cys patterns similar to r11a/b/c. Although the predicted mature toxins have the same cysteine patterns, they belong to two different gene superfamilies. A potential correlation between the identity of the gene superfamily to which the I-conotoxin belongs and the presence or absence of a d-amino acid in the primary sequence is discussed. The great diversity of I-conopeptide sequences provides a rare opportunity for defining parameters that may be important for this most stealthy of all post-translational modifications. Our results indicate that neither the chemical nature of the side chain nor the precise vicinal sequence around the modified residue seem to be critical, but there may be favored loci for isomerization to a d-amino acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Buczek
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Sheeley SA, Miao H, Ewing MA, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Measuring D-amino acid-containing neuropeptides with capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2005; 130:1198-203. [PMID: 16021220 DOI: 10.1039/b504717j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are heavily posttranslationally modified (PTM) gene products that are often characterized by a variety of mass spectrometric approaches. Recently, the occurrence of amino acids in the D-form has been documented in several neuropeptides. As this modification has no associated mass shift, this particular PTM is difficult to evaluate using mass spectrometry (MS) alone. Here we demonstrate several approaches using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with absorbance and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for the separation of native and derivatized molluscan peptides containing D-amino acids. The combination of peptide derivatization followed by CE/LIF is well suited for single cell measurements because of its ability to characterize the peptides in such small samples. In order to verify this approach, the D-Trp-containing peptide NdWFa (NH2-Asn-D-Trp-Phe-CONH2), present in individual neurons from the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, has been characterized. The mass spectra show that NdWFa and/or NWFa are present in specific neurons; CE/LIF analysis of these cells demonstrates that NdWFa is the dominant form of the peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Sheeley
- Department of Chemistry & Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Ave., 63-5, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Jilek A, Mollay C, Tippelt C, Grassi J, Mignogna G, Müllegger J, Sander V, Fehrer C, Barra D, Kreil G. Biosynthesis of a D-amino acid in peptide linkage by an enzyme from frog skin secretions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:4235-9. [PMID: 15758070 PMCID: PMC555527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500789102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-amino acids are present in some peptides from amphibian skin. These residues are derived from the corresponding L-amino acids present in the respective precursors. From skin secretions of Bombinae, we have isolated an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of an L-Ile in position 2 of a model peptide to D-allo-Ile. In the course of this reaction, which proceeds without the addition of a cofactor, radioactivity from tritiated water is incorporated into the second position of the product. The amino acid sequence of this isomerase could be deduced from cloned cDNA and genomic DNA. After expression of this cDNA in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, isomerase activity could be detected. Polypeptides related to the frog skin enzyme are present in several vertebrate species, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jilek
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Buczek O, Yoshikami D, Bulaj G, Jimenez EC, Olivera BM. Post-translational Amino Acid Isomerization. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:4247-53. [PMID: 15561705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405835200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of an L- to a D-amino acid has been documented in relatively few gene products, mostly in small peptides under 10 amino acids in length. In this report, we demonstrate that a 46-amino acid polypeptide toxin has one D-phenylalanine at position 44, and that the epimerization from an L-Phe to a D-Phe has a dramatic effect on the excitatory effects of the peptide. In one electrophysiological assay carried out, the D-Phe-containing peptide was extremely potent, whereas the unmodified polypeptide had no biological activity, demonstrating that the chirality of the post-translationally modified amino acid is functionally significant. The peptide toxin analyzed, r11a, belongs to the I-gene superfamily of conotoxins that has four disulfide cross-links. The D-Phe in r11a is at the third amino acid from the C terminus, the same relative position from the C-terminal end as the d-amino acid in omega-agatoxin TK from a spider, an unrelated peptide. Thus, although post-translational amino acid isomerization appears to have no strong specificity for the chemical nature of the amino acid side chain, the few peptides where this modification has been established suggest that there may be favored positions near the N or C terminus that are preferential sites for isomerization to a D-amino acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Buczek
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Fujita Y, Tsuda Y, Motoyama T, Li T, Miyazaki A, Yokoi T, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Niizuma H, Jinsmaa Y, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Studies on the structure–activity relationship of 2′,6′-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (Dmt) derivatives: bioactivity profile of H–Dmt–NH–CH3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:599-602. [PMID: 15664820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The 2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (Dmt) enhances receptor affinity, functional bioactivity and in vivo analgesia of opioid peptides. To further investigate its direct influence on these opioid parameters, we developed a series of compounds (H-Dmt-NH-X). Among them, H-Dmt-NH-CH(3) showed the highest affinity (K(i)mu=7.45 nM) equal to that of morphine, partial mu-opioid agonism (E(max)=66.6%) in vitro and a moderate antinociception in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Fujita
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Emel?yanova TG, Guzevatykh LS, Goryacheva NN, Andreeva LA, Alfeeva LY, Myasoedov NF. Study of thermoregulatory activity of a fragment of natural dermorphin precursor Arg-Dermorphin and its analogs. BIOL BULL+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10525-005-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
143
|
Gallois D, Brisorgueil MJ, Conrath M, Mailly P, Soyez D. Posttranslational isomerization of a neuropeptide in crustacean neurosecretory cells studied by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Eur J Cell Biol 2004; 82:431-40. [PMID: 14533741 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomerization of the third amino acid residue (a phenylalanine) of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) has been previously reported to occur as a late step of hormone precursor maturation in a few neurosecretory cells in the X-organ-sinus gland complex of the crayfish Orconectes limosus. In the present report, using conformation-specific antisera combined with immunogold labeling, we have studied, at the ultrastructural level, the distribution of L- and D-CHH immunoreactivity in CHH-secreting cells of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus. Two CHH-secreting cell populations were observed, the first one (L-cells), the most numerous, exhibited only labeling for L-CHH. In the second one (D-cells), four secretory granule populations were distinguished according to their labeling: unlabeled, either L- or D- exclusively or both L- and D-granules. Labeling quantification by image analysis in D-cells showed a marked increase in D-labeling from the cell body to the axon terminal. However some L- and mixed granules remain in axon terminals. Our results demonstrate that Phe3 isomerization of CHH occurs within the secretory granules of specialized neurosecretory cells and progresses as the granules migrate along the axonal tract. The observation that not all the CHH synthesized is isomerized, and the great variability in the proportion of L- and D-immunoreactivity in granules in every cell region may suggest an heterogeneous distribution of the putative enzyme involved in Phe3 isomerization, a peptide isomerase, within the secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Gallois
- Groupe Biogenèse des Peptides Isomères, UMR CNRS 7079 Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Camlica Y, Aşkin A, Cömelekoğlu U. Evidence for the involvement of an opioid system in sciatic nerve of Rana ridibunda. Neuropeptides 2004; 38:83-91. [PMID: 15223270 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2003] [Accepted: 03/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of opioid peptide, D-alanine2-leucine-enkephalin and opioid homolog peptide, des-tyrosine-methionine-enkephalin in concentrations of 1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-5) M was investigated on the action potential parameters of frog sciatic nerve. Des-tyrosine-methionine-enkephalin was used as the control to prove the opioid action of the peptide. The effects of both peptides were examined by means of the extracellular electrophysiological technique. The isolated sciatic nerves were stimulated by single square pulses each of which lasted for 0.5 ms at supramaximal strength. Effect of each single dose of peptides at 0 min was compared with the remaining time segments. Both peptides produced changes on action potential of Rana ridibunda sciatic nerve when compared with untreated nerves. D-alanine2-leucine-enkephalin decreased significantly the amplitude at about 34-83%, the area at about 34-92%. The same concentrations of this peptide decreased significantly the conduction velocity around 35-78%. In contrast, des-tyrosine-methionine-enkephalin reduced the action potential amplitude between 8% and 80%. The same concentrations of this peptide decreased significantly the area at about 12-76% and the conduction velocity around 42-70%. The depression of both peptides in action potential parameters was partially blocked by 1 x 10(-6) M naloxone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Camlica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mersin University, 33342 Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Słabicki MM, Potrzebowski MJ, Bujacz G, Olejniczak S, Olczak J. X-ray and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies of Signalizing the Tripeptide Sequence (Tyr-D-Ala-Phe) of Dermorphin and Deltorphins I and II. Comparative Analysis in the Liquid and Solid Phases. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0372690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj M. Słabicki
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek J. Potrzebowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bujacz
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Sebastian Olejniczak
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Olczak
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Mizoguchi H, Yuhki M, Watanabe H, Hayashi T, Sakurada C, Yonezawa A, Sakurada T, Sakurada S. Differential involvement of μ1-opioid receptors in dermorphin tetrapeptide analogues-induced antinociception. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 486:19-24. [PMID: 14751403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of putative mu(1)-opioid receptors in the antinociception induced by the dermorphin tetrapeptide analogues Try-D-Arg-Phe-beta-Ala (TAPA) and Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-beta-Ala-NH(2) (TAPA-NH(2)) was determined in mice, using a tail-pressure test and a formalin test. TAPA and TAPA-NH(2) injected i.c.v. and i.t. produced dose-dependent antinociception in both assays. In the tail-pressure test, the antinociception induced by i.c.v. or i.t. injected TAPA, but not TAPA-NH(2), was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with naloxonazine, a selective antagonist for putative mu(1)-opioid receptors. Moreover, naloxonazine also significantly attenuated the antinociception induced by i.c.v. injected TAPA, but not TAPA-NH(2), in the formalin test. In contrast, the antinociception induced by both TAPA and TAPA-NH(2) given i.t. was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with naloxonazine in the formalin test. The present results suggest that TAPA and TAPA-NH(2) should be considered selective agonists for putative mu(1)- and mu(2)-opioid receptors, respectively. The C-terminal amidation of TAPA-NH(2) may be critical for distinguishing between putative mu(1)- and mu(2)-opioid receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Mizoguchi
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Morishita F, Minakata H, Sasaki K, Tada K, Furukawa Y, Matsushima O, Mukai ST, Saleuddin ASM. Distribution and function of an Aplysia cardioexcitatory peptide, NdWFamide, in pulmonate snails. Peptides 2003; 24:1533-44. [PMID: 14706532 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and function of an Aplysia cardioexcitatory peptide, NdWFamide, were examined in the nervous system of pulmonate snails. We chemically identified the authentic NdWFamide from a land snail (Euhadra congenita) and a freshwater snail (Lymnaea stagnalis). NdWFamide potentiated the heartbeat of those snails. Immunohistochemistry using anti-NdWFamide antibody demonstrated the distribution of NdWFamide-containing neurons and fibers in the central nervous system, as well as peripheral tissues, such as the cardiovascular region and accessory sex organs. These results suggest that NdWFamide is a neuropeptide mediating the neural regulation of the activity of the cardiovascular and reproductive systems of snails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Morishita
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Vonhof S, Feuerstein G, Sirén AL. Characterization of binding kinetics of [3H]Tyr-D-Arg2-Phe-Sar4 at opioid receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 473:127-34. [PMID: 12892829 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dermorphin-derived, MOP receptor-selective tetrapeptide Tyr-D-Arg2-Phe-Sar4 (TAPS) exhibits a high antinociceptive potency and stimulates respiration in rats. The receptor binding kinetics of [3H]TAPS were investigated using crude calf thalamic membrane preparations. Saturation studies showed binding of [3H]TAPS at two binding sites (0.4 and 3.2 nM). In the presence of MgSO4, [3H]TAPS binding occurred with high affinity at a single site only. The high-affinity binding component was reduced following the addition of K2-EDTA. The increase of the apparent dissociation constant was due to an enhanced dissociation rate (P<0.05), while association rates remained unchanged. Addition of 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) resulted in a reduction of affinity which was augmented in the presence of Na+. Thus, [3H]TAPS, depending on the presence of divalent cations, serves as ligand at two MOP receptor binding sites in the calf thalamus, which may represent distinct affinity states of the same receptor or receptor subtypes thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vonhof
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Broccardo M, Usenko AB, Uranova MG, Guzevatykh LS, Kamensky AA, Andreeva LA, Alfeeva LY, Myasoedov NF, Giannini E, Improta G, Emel'yanova TG. In vitro and in vivo opioid activity of [DPro(6)]dermorphin, a new dermorphin analogue. Peptides 2003; 24:419-28. [PMID: 12732340 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To study the effects of inducing stereo-chemical modifications in the structure of dermorphin (DM) so as to improve its mu-opioid receptor affinity and its resistance to C-terminal enzymatic degradation, in the Institute of Molecular Genetics of Moscow, we synthesized a new DM analogue ([DPro(6)]DM) and analyzed the changes induced in the biological activities of DM by substituting the Pro(6) residue with DPro(6). We compared the activity of the new DM analogue and DM in in vitro assays and in in vivo tests of analgesia, thermoregulation, heart rate recordings, and gastrointestinal motility in rats. In the in vitro tests, guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD), although the opioid activities of [DPro(6)]DM indicated that the peptide was always less potent than DM, its lower IC(50) ratios (mu/delta) showed that it had higher mu-opioid receptor selectivity. In the in vivo analgesic test, [DPro(6)]DM, when injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) (0.5-5 and 10mg/kg) in rats, had the same antinociceptive efficacy as DM and when injected intranasally (i.n.) (0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg) it induced a more stable and long-lasting analgesia than DM (the AUC was about 91% higher for [DPro(6)]DM than for DM). Moreover, these data confirm that the intranasal route is advantageous for peripheral drug administration. In the heart rate study, [DPro(6)]DM and DM (0.5mg/kg, i.p.), induced a similar, weak bradycardia. The only difference was that [DPro(6)]DM induced a longer-lasting effect than DM. Conversely, in body temperature regulation [DPro(6)]DM induced weaker inhibitory activity than DM (56% of the DM-induced response); it did so only in a cold environment and at the maximal used dose (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) without inducing vasomotor effects. In the gastrointestinal study, [DPro(6)]DM and DM (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5mg/kg, i.p.) significantly slowed upper gastrointestinal transit of a charcoal meal and inhibited colonic propulsion. Comparison of the ED(50) values of [DPro(6)]DM (0.03 mg/kg) and DM (0.009 mg/kg) showed that the DM analogue was about three times less potent than DM in slowing gastrointestinal and colonic transit. In conclusion, all these data overall suggest that structural maneuvering in the Pro(6)-residue of the DM molecule changes its affinity for mu-opioid receptor subtypes and confirms the usefulness of experimental studies involving structural modifications in obtaining new therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Broccardo
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology "V Erspamer," University of Rome "La Sapienza," P le A Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Vonhof S, Gudka BD, Sirén AL. Tolerance and dependence following chronic intracerebroventricular infusions of Tyr-D-Arg2-Phe-Sar4 (TAPS). Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 459:41-8. [PMID: 12505532 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The dermorphin-derived tetrapeptide Tyr-D-Arg(2)-Phe-Sar(4) (TAPS) was tested for its ability to induce tolerance, cross-tolerance, withdrawal and its substitution properties in rats subjected to chronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions of mu-opiate receptor agonists. Tolerance and cross-tolerance were assessed by quantification of the thermally induced tail-flick response. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of TAPS resulted in antinociception at almost 1000-fold lower doses compared to morphine sulphate and [D-Ala(2), MePhe(4)Gly(ol)(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO). Tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of TAPS developed similar to DAMGO and morphine sulphate. Cross-tolerance to intracerebroventricular bolus injections of DAMGO, but not of TAPS, was evident in rats rendered tolerant to morphine sulphate and TAPS. Naloxone-induced withdrawal was equally pronounced in animals treated with morphine sulphate, DAMGO or TAPS. TAPS substituted for morphine sulphate and vice versa regarding the withdrawal syndrome in a cross-over experimental design. In contrast to DAMGO, TAPS retains its antinociceptive effect following bolus administration in rats rendered tolerant to mu-opioid receptor agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vonhof
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|