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Restani L, Caleo M. Reorganization of Visual Callosal Connections Following Alterations of Retinal Input and Brain Damage. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:86. [PMID: 27895559 PMCID: PMC5107575 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision is a very important sensory modality in humans. Visual disorders are numerous and arising from diverse and complex causes. Deficits in visual function are highly disabling from a social point of view and in addition cause a considerable economic burden. For all these reasons there is an intense effort by the scientific community to gather knowledge on visual deficit mechanisms and to find possible new strategies for recovery and treatment. In this review, we focus on an important and sometimes neglected player of the visual function, the corpus callosum (CC). The CC is the major white matter structure in the brain and is involved in information processing between the two hemispheres. In particular, visual callosal connections interconnect homologous areas of visual cortices, binding together the two halves of the visual field. This interhemispheric communication plays a significant role in visual cortical output. Here, we will first review the essential literature on the physiology of the callosal connections in normal vision. The available data support the view that the callosum contributes to both excitation and inhibition to the target hemisphere, with a dynamic adaptation to the strength of the incoming visual input. Next, we will focus on data showing how callosal connections may sense visual alterations and respond to the classical paradigm for the study of visual plasticity, i.e., monocular deprivation (MD). This is a prototypical example of a model for the study of callosal plasticity in pathological conditions (e.g., strabismus and amblyopia) characterized by unbalanced input from the two eyes. We will also discuss the findings of callosal alterations in blind subjects. Noteworthy, we will discuss data showing that inter-hemispheric transfer mediates recovery of visual responsiveness following cortical damage. Finally, we will provide an overview of how callosal projections dysfunction could contribute to pathologies such as neglect and occipital epilepsy. A particular focus will be on reviewing noninvasive brain stimulation techniques and optogenetic approaches that allow to selectively manipulate callosal function and to probe its involvement in cortical processing and plasticity. Overall, the data indicate that experience can potently impact on transcallosal connectivity, and that the callosum itself is crucial for plasticity and recovery in various disorders of the visual pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Restani
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR) Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR) Pisa, Italy
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Fernández-Rodríguez Á, Velasco-Álvarez F, Ron-Angevin R. Review of real brain-controlled wheelchairs. J Neural Eng 2016; 13:061001. [PMID: 27739401 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the state of the art regarding wheelchairs driven by a brain-computer interface. Using a brain-controlled wheelchair (BCW), disabled users could handle a wheelchair through their brain activity, granting autonomy to move through an experimental environment. A classification is established, based on the characteristics of the BCW, such as the type of electroencephalographic signal used, the navigation system employed by the wheelchair, the task for the participants, or the metrics used to evaluate the performance. Furthermore, these factors are compared according to the type of signal used, in order to clarify the differences among them. Finally, the trend of current research in this field is discussed, as well as the challenges that should be solved in the future.
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Suppa A, Rocchi L. Visual cortex hyperexcitability contributes to the pathophysiology of the photoparoxysmal response. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:3351-2. [PMID: 27473025 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Suppa
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, and IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Rocchi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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Kim HY, Hur YJ, Kim HD, Park KM, Kim SE, Hwang TG. Modification of electrophysiological activity pattern after anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation for intractable epilepsy: report of 3 cases. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:2028-2035. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.6.jns152958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThalamic stimulation can provoke electroencephalography (EEG) synchronization or desynchronization, which can help to reduce the occurrence of seizures in intractable epilepsy, though the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, the authors investigated changes in EEG electrical activity to better understand the seizure-reducing effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with intractable epilepsy.METHODSElectrical activation patterns in the epileptogenic brains of 3 patients were analyzed using classical low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis recursively applied (CLARA). Electrical activity recorded during thalamic stimulation was compared with that recorded during the preoperative and postoperative off-stimulation states in patients who underwent anterior thalamic nucleus DBS for intractable epilepsy.RESULTSInterictal EEG was fully synchronized to the β frequency in the postoperative on-stimulation period. The CLARA showed that electrical activity during preoperative and postoperative off-stimulation states was localized in cortical and subcortical areas, including the insular, middle frontal, mesial temporal, and precentral areas. No electrical activity was localized in deep nucleus structures. However, with CLARA, electrical activity in the postoperative on-stimulation period was localized in the anterior cingulate area, basal ganglia, and midbrain.CONCLUSIONSAnterior thalamic stimulation could spread electrical current to the underlying neuronal networks that connect with the thalamus, which functions as a cortical pacemaker. Consequently, the thalamus could modify electrical activity within these neuronal networks and influence cortical EEG activity by inducing neuronal synchronization between the thalamus and cortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heung-Dong Kim
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- 3Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan; and
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- 3Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan; and
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Taoufiqi FZ, Mounach J, Satte A, Ouhabi H, El Hessni A. IPS Interest in the EEG of Patients after a Single Epileptic Seizure. NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL 2016; 2016:5050278. [PMID: 27635393 PMCID: PMC5011226 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of pathological cerebral activity responses to intermittent rhythmic photic stimulation (IPS) after a single epileptic seizure. Patients and Methods. One hundred and thirty-seven EEGs were performed at the Neurophysiology Department of Mohamed V Teaching Military Hospital in Rabat. Clinical and EEG data was collected. Results. 9.5% of our patients had photoparoxysmal discharges (PPD). Incidence was higher in males than in females, but p value was not significant (p = 0.34), and it was higher in children compared to adults with significant p value (p = 0.08). The most epileptogenic frequencies were within the range 15-20 Hz. 63 patients had an EEG after 72 hours; among them 11 were photosensitive (p = 0.001). The frequency of the PPR was significantly higher in patients with generalized abnormalities than in focal abnormalities (p = 0.001). EEG confirmed a genetic generalized epilepsy in 8 cases among 13 photosensitive patients. Conclusion. PPR is age related. The frequencies within the range 15-20 Hz should inevitably be included in EEG protocols. The presence of PPR after a first seizure is probably more in favor of generalized seizure rather than the other type of seizure. PPR seems independent from the delay Seizure-EEG. Our study did not show an association between sex and photosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Taoufiqi
- Unit of Nervous and Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics and Neuroendocrine Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, PB 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Jamal Mounach
- Neurophysiology Department, Mohamed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Amal Satte
- Neurophysiology Department, Mohamed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Hamid Ouhabi
- Service of Neurology, Cheikh Khalifa Hospital, Casablanca 82403, Morocco
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Unit of Nervous and Endocrine Physiology, Laboratory of Genetics and Neuroendocrine Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, PB 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
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Tidoni E, Gergondet P, Fusco G, Kheddar A, Aglioti SM. The Role of Audio-Visual Feedback in a Thought-Based Control of a Humanoid Robot: A BCI Study in Healthy and Spinal Cord Injured People. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 25:772-781. [PMID: 28113631 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2597863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The efficient control of our body and successful interaction with the environment are possible through the integration of multisensory information. Brain-computer interface (BCI) may allow people with sensorimotor disorders to actively interact in the world. In this study, visual information was paired with auditory feedback to improve the BCI control of a humanoid surrogate. Healthy and spinal cord injured (SCI) people were asked to embody a humanoid robot and complete a pick-and-place task by means of a visual evoked potentials BCI system. Participants observed the remote environment from the robot's perspective through a head mounted display. Human-footsteps and computer-beep sounds were used as synchronous/asynchronous auditory feedback. Healthy participants achieved better placing accuracy when listening to human footstep sounds relative to a computer-generated sound. SCI people demonstrated more difficulty in steering the robot during asynchronous auditory feedback conditions. Importantly, subjective reports highlighted that the BCI mask overlaying the display did not limit the observation of the scenario and the feeling of being in control of the robot. Overall, the data seem to suggest that sensorimotor-related information may improve the control of external devices. Further studies are required to understand how the contribution of residual sensory channels could improve the reliability of BCI systems.
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Hébert-Lalonde N, Carmant L, Major P, Roy MS, Lassonde M, Saint-Amour D. Electrophysiological Evidences of Visual Field Alterations in Children Exposed to Vigabatrin Early in Life. Pediatr Neurol 2016; 59:47-53. [PMID: 27105764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed central and peripheral visual field processing in children with epilepsy who were exposed to vigabatrin during infancy. METHODS Steady-state visual evoked potentials and pattern electroretinograms to field-specific radial checkerboards flickering at two cycle frequencies (7.5 and 6 Hz for central and peripheral stimulations, respectively) were recorded from Oz and at the eye in seven school-age children (10.1 ± 3.5 years) exposed to vigabatrin early in life, compared with children early exposed to other antiepileptic drugs (n = 9) and healthy children (n = 8). The stimulation was made of two concentric circles (0 to 5 and 30 to 60 degrees of angle) and presented at four contrast levels (96%, 64%, 32%, and 16%). RESULTS Ocular responses were similar in all groups for central but not for the peripheral stimulations, which were significantly lower in the vigabatrin-exposed group at high contrast level. This peripheral retinal response was negatively correlated to vigabatrin exposure duration. Cortical responses to central stimulations, including contrast response functions in the children with epilepsy in both groups, were lower than those in normally developing children. CONCLUSIONS Alteration of ocular processing was found only in the vigabatrin-exposed children. Central cortical processing, however, was impaired in both epileptic groups, with more pronounced effects in vigabatrin-exposed children. Our study suggests that asymptomatic long-term visual toxicity may still be present at school age, even several years after discontinuation of drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Hébert-Lalonde
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lionel Carmant
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Major
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Maryse Lassonde
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dave Saint-Amour
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophtalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Kalunga EK, Chevallier S, Barthélemy Q, Djouani K, Monacelli E, Hamam Y. Online SSVEP-based BCI using Riemannian geometry. Neurocomputing 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shepherd AJ, Joly-Mascheroni RM. Visual motion processing in migraine: Enhanced motion after-effects are related to display contrast, visual symptoms, visual triggers and attack frequency. Cephalalgia 2016; 37:315-326. [PMID: 27106927 DOI: 10.1177/0333102416640519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Visual after-effects are illusions that occur after prolonged viewing of visual displays. The motion after-effect (MAE), for example, is an illusory impression of motion after viewing moving displays: subsequently, stationary displays appear to drift in the opposite direction. After-effects have been used extensively in basic vision research and in clinical settings, and are enhanced in migraine. Objective The objective of this article is to assess associations between ( 1 ) MAE duration and visual symptoms experienced during/between migraine/headache attacks, and ( 2 ) visual stimuli reported as migraine/headache triggers. Methods The MAE was elicited after viewing motion for 45 seconds. MAE duration was tested for three test contrast displays (high, medium, low). Participants also completed a headache questionnaire that included migraine/headache triggers. Results For each test contrast, the MAE was prolonged in migraine. MAE duration was associated with photophobia; visual triggers (flicker, striped patterns); and migraine or headache frequency. Conclusions Group differences on various visual tasks have been attributed to abnormal cortical processing in migraine, such as hyperexcitability, heightened responsiveness and/or a lack of intra-cortical inhibition. The results are not consistent with hyperexcitability simply from a general lack of inhibition. Alternative multi-stage models are discussed and suggestions for further research are recommended, including visual tests in clinical assessments/clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Shepherd
- 1 Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - Ramiro M Joly-Mascheroni
- 1 Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, UK.,2 Department of Psychology, City University, London, UK
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Parallel scheme for real-time detection of photosensitive seizures. Comput Biol Med 2016; 70:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Aminaka D, Makino S, Rutkowski TM. Chromatic and high-frequency cVEP-based BCI paradigm. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:1906-9. [PMID: 26736655 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present results of an approach to a code-modulated visual evoked potential (cVEP) based brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm using four high-frequency flashing stimuli. To generate higher frequency stimulation compared to the state-of-the-art cVEP-based BCIs, we propose to use the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) driven from a small micro-controller board hardware generator designed by our team. The high-frequency and green-blue chromatic flashing stimuli are used in the study in order to minimize a danger of a photosensitive epilepsy (PSE). We compare the the green-blue chromatic cVEP-based BCI accuracies with the conventional white-black flicker based interface. The high-frequency cVEP responses are identified using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method.
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Zeyl T, Yin E, Keightley M, Chau T. Adding Real-Time Bayesian Ranks to Error-Related Potential Scores Improves Error Detection and Auto-Correction in a P300 Speller. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 24:46-56. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2015.2461495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Won DO, Hwang HJ, Dähne S, Müller KR, Lee SW. Effect of higher frequency on the classification of steady-state visual evoked potentials. J Neural Eng 2015; 13:016014. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/1/016014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Brinciotti M, Matricardi M. Paroxysmal eyelid movements in patients with visual‐sensitive reflex seizures. Epileptic Disord 2015; 17:372-383. [DOI: 10.1684/epd.2015.0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAim. Paroxysmal eyelid movements (PEM) are non‐epileptic episodes characterized by eyelid closure, upturning of the eyes, and rapid eyelid flutter. The aim of this study was to report clinical and EEG data of patients with PEM and its relationship with visual sensitivity.Methods. We studied 26 patients with epilepsy (12 males and 14 females; mean age: 14.0±6.9 years) who presented PEM. The epilepsy was idiopathic generalized (eight cases), idiopathic focal (six cases), symptomatic focal (five cases), and reflex epilepsy (seven cases). PEM and blinking were analysed by video‐EEG recordings at rest and during intermittent photic stimulation, pattern stimulation, and TV watching. Blink rate was evaluated during three different conditions: at rest, during a TV‐viewing period, and at the occurrence of PEM. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical comparisons.Results. Repeated episodes of PEM were recorded in all patients. The frequency of PEM ranged from 8 to 12.5 Hz (average: 9.6±1.5). PEM were accompanied by a significant increase in blinking compared to the rest condition and TV watching (blink rate: 56.5±21.1 vs 25.0±16.2 vs 11.3±11.8, respectively; p<0.0001). Photoparoxysmal EEG responses (measured as sensitivity to photic stimulation) were found in 25 cases, associated with pattern sensitivity in 22; only one patient was sensitive to pattern but not photic stimulation. Visually‐induced seizures were recorded in 20 cases, triggered by both stimuli (photic and pattern stimulation) in 11 patients; seizures were triggered by pattern stimulation (but not photic stimulation) in five, photic stimulation (but not pattern stimulation) in three, and TV watching (but not photic or pattern stimulation) in one. Epileptic eyelid myoclonia was noted in 17 patients.Conclusion. The coexistence of PEM, photoparoxysmal EEG responses, increased blinking, and epileptic eyelid myoclonia suggests an underlying dysfunction involving cortical‐subcortical neural networks, according to the recent concept of system epilepsies. [Published with video sequences]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Brinciotti
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Interdepartmental Research Centre for Social Diseases (CIMS), Childhood Epilepsy Section, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Interdepartmental Research Centre for Social Diseases (CIMS), Childhood Epilepsy Section, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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Koepp MJ, Caciagli L, Pressler RM, Lehnertz K, Beniczky S. Reflex seizures, traits, and epilepsies: from physiology to pathology. Lancet Neurol 2015; 15:92-105. [PMID: 26627365 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are generally unpredictable and arise spontaneously. Patients often report non-specific triggers such as stress or sleep deprivation, but only rarely do seizures occur as a reflex event, in which they are objectively and consistently modulated, precipitated, or inhibited by external sensory stimuli or specific cognitive processes. The seizures triggered by such stimuli and processes in susceptible individuals can have different latencies. Once seizure-suppressing mechanisms fail and a critical mass (the so-called tipping point) of cortical activation is reached, reflex seizures stereotypically manifest with common motor features independent of the physiological network involved. The complexity of stimuli increases from simple sensory to complex cognitive-emotional with increasing age of onset. The topography of physiological networks involved follows the posterior-to-anterior trajectory of brain development, reflecting age-related changes in brain excitability. Reflex seizures and traits probably represent the extremes of a continuum, and understanding of their underlying mechanisms might help to elucidate the transition of normal physiological function to paroxysmal epileptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UK.
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UK
| | - Ronit M Pressler
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Klaus Lehnertz
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sándor Beniczky
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Białas P, Milanowski P. A high frequency steady-state visually evoked potential based brain computer interface using consumer-grade EEG headset. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:5442-5. [PMID: 25571225 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluates a possibility of creating a high-frequency, SSVEP-based brain computer interface using a low cost EEG recording hardware - an Emotiv EEG Neuro-headset. Both above aspects are crucial to enable deploying the BCI technology in the consumer market. High frequencies can be used to create a non-tiring and more pleasant interface. Commercial EEG systems, as the Emotiv EEG, although demonstrating large underperformance, are much more affordable than standard, clinical-grade EEG amplifiers. A system classifying between two stimuli and rest is designed and tested in two experiments: on five and ten subject respectively. First, the accuracy of the system is compared for frequencies in lower range (17Hz, 19Hz, 23Hz, 25Hz) and higher range (31Hz, 33Hz, 37Hz, 40Hz). The mean online accuracy is 80%±15% for the former and 67%±12% for the latter. Second, a more thorough investigation is done by evaluating the system for frequencies within a set of 35Hz-40Hz. Although the mean accuracy, 64% ± 22%, is relatively low, most of the users were able to achieve satisfying accuracy, with the mean reaching 82%±5%, which would allow for an efficient, and yet pleasant, usage of the BCI system. In each case a user dependent approach is applied, with a calibration session lasting about five minutes. EEG feature extraction is done using common spatial pattern (CSP) filtering, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and linear discrimination analysis (LDA).
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Suppa A, Rocchi L, Li Voti P, Papazachariadis O, Casciato S, Di Bonaventura C, Giallonardo A, Berardelli A. The Photoparoxysmal Response Reflects Abnormal Early Visuomotor Integration in the Human Motor Cortex. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:1151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), the brain responses to repetitive visual stimulation (RVS), are widely utilized in neuroscience. Their high signal-to-noise ratio and ability to entrain oscillatory brain activity are beneficial for their applications in brain-computer interfaces, investigation of neural processes underlying brain rhythmic activity (steady-state topography) and probing the causal role of brain rhythms in cognition and emotion. This paper aims at analyzing the space and time EEG dynamics in response to RVS at the frequency of stimulation and ongoing rhythms in the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands. APPROACH We used electroencephalography (EEG) to study the oscillatory brain dynamics during RVS at 10 frequencies in the gamma band (40-60 Hz). We collected an extensive EEG data set from 32 participants and analyzed the RVS evoked and induced responses in the time-frequency domain. MAIN RESULTS Stable SSVEP over parieto-occipital sites was observed at each of the fundamental frequencies and their harmonics and sub-harmonics. Both the strength and the spatial propagation of the SSVEP response seem sensitive to stimulus frequency. The SSVEP was more localized around the parieto-occipital sites for higher frequencies (>54 Hz) and spread to fronto-central locations for lower frequencies. We observed a strong negative correlation between stimulation frequency and relative power change at that frequency, the first harmonic and the sub-harmonic components over occipital sites. Interestingly, over parietal sites for sub-harmonics a positive correlation of relative power change and stimulation frequency was found. A number of distinct patterns in delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) bands were also observed. The transient response, from 0 to about 300 ms after stimulation onset, was accompanied by increase in delta and theta power over fronto-central and occipital sites, which returned to baseline after approx. 500 ms. During the steady-state response, we observed alpha band desynchronization over occipital sites and after 500 ms also over frontal sites, while neighboring areas synchronized. The power in beta band over occipital sites increased during the stimulation period, possibly caused by increase in power at sub-harmonic frequencies of stimulation. Gamma power was also enhanced by the stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE These findings have direct implications on the use of RVS and SSVEPs for neural process investigation through steady-state topography, controlled entrainment of brain oscillations and BCIs. A deep understanding of SSVEP propagation in time and space and the link with ongoing brain rhythms is crucial for optimizing the typical SSVEP applications for studying, assisting, or augmenting human cognitive and sensorimotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetomira Tsoneva
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 36, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour: Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sakurada T, Kawase T, Komatsu T, Kansaku K. Use of high-frequency visual stimuli above the critical flicker frequency in a SSVEP-based BMI. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:1972-8. [PMID: 25577407 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakurada
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawase
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Komatsu
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Kansaku
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan; Brain Science Inspired Life Support Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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Tello RJMG, Müller SMT, Ferreira A, Bastos TF. Comparison of the influence of stimuli color on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/2446-4740.0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Snehunsu A, Ghosal C, Kandwal M, Yadav PK, Nayak BS, Rao KR, Kamath SU, Sahoo P, Srinivasan KK, Naduvil Narayanan S, Kumar S, Joseph A. 1-Triacontanol cerotate; isolated from Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. ameliorates reactive oxidative damage in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of chronic epileptic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:80-84. [PMID: 26117530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. (MQ) has been used for insomnia and epileptic disorders in traditional Indian medicine. The present study is to isolate the active component responsible for antiepileptic property of MQ by evaluating its ability to minimize the reactive oxidative damage in brain due to chronic epilepsy in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1-Triacontanol cerotate (1TAC) was isolated after chromatography on a silica gel from dried petroleum ether fraction of methanolic extract of MQ. Acute oral toxicity studies of 1TAC were carried out and efficacy of 1TAC on malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) production in different brain areas of chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced epileptic rats were evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed that PTZ-kindled chronic epileptic rats had an increase MDA and decreased GSH concentration in the frontal cortex as well as hippocampus, compared to the normal control. MDA and GSH concentrations in those brain areas were normalized after treatment with sodium valproate (SV) in 200 mg kg(-1)bw; as well as 1TAC in 40 and 80 mg kg(-1)bw doses. CONCLUSION Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to worsen epileptogenesis. The isolated component 1TAC which reduced the reactive oxidative damage in hippocampus and frontal cortex of PTZ kindled rats could be responsible for antiepileptic property of MQ. Its action is found to be dose dependent, with 80 mg kg(-1)bw showing even better efficacy than 200 mg kg(-1)bw of SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhikari Snehunsu
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Chitrini Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Mamta Kandwal
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - B Satheesha Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - K Raghavendra Rao
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Shobha U Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Pabitra Sahoo
- Department of Statistics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - K K Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Madhwa Vadiraja Institute of Technology and Management, Bantakal, India
| | - Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Shiva Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Science, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
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Holt RL. 50 years ago in the Journal of Pediatrics: light-induced seizures. J Pediatr 2015; 166:256. [PMID: 25620510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Holt
- Division of Child Neurology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Stanford, California
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125
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126
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Masnou P. Epilessia e fotosensibilità. Neurologia 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(14)67976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ahn M, Lee M, Choi J, Jun SC. A review of brain-computer interface games and an opinion survey from researchers, developers and users. SENSORS 2014; 14:14601-33. [PMID: 25116904 PMCID: PMC4178978 DOI: 10.3390/s140814601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, research on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology for healthy users has attracted considerable interest, and BCI games are especially popular. This study reviews the current status of, and describes future directions, in the field of BCI games. To this end, we conducted a literature search and found that BCI control paradigms using electroencephalographic signals (motor imagery, P300, steady state visual evoked potential and passive approach reading mental state) have been the primary focus of research. We also conducted a survey of nearly three hundred participants that included researchers, game developers and users around the world. From this survey, we found that all three groups (researchers, developers and users) agreed on the significant influence and applicability of BCI and BCI games, and they all selected prostheses, rehabilitation and games as the most promising BCI applications. User and developer groups tended to give low priority to passive BCI and the whole head sensor array. Developers gave higher priorities to “the easiness of playing” and the “development platform” as important elements for BCI games and the market. Based on our assessment, we discuss the critical point at which BCI games will be able to progress from their current stage to widespread marketing to consumers. In conclusion, we propose three critical elements important for expansion of the BCI game market: standards, gameplay and appropriate integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Ahn
- School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500712, Korea.
| | - Mijin Lee
- School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500712, Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Choi
- School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500712, Korea.
| | - Sung Chan Jun
- School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500712, Korea.
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Tidoni E, Gergondet P, Kheddar A, Aglioti SM. Audio-visual feedback improves the BCI performance in the navigational control of a humanoid robot. Front Neurorobot 2014; 8:20. [PMID: 24987350 PMCID: PMC4060053 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in brain computer interfaces (BCI) technology allows people to actively interact in the world through surrogates. Controlling real humanoid robots using BCI as intuitively as we control our body represents a challenge for current research in robotics and neuroscience. In order to successfully interact with the environment the brain integrates multiple sensory cues to form a coherent representation of the world. Cognitive neuroscience studies demonstrate that multisensory integration may imply a gain with respect to a single modality and ultimately improve the overall sensorimotor performance. For example, reactivity to simultaneous visual and auditory stimuli may be higher than to the sum of the same stimuli delivered in isolation or in temporal sequence. Yet, knowledge about whether audio-visual integration may improve the control of a surrogate is meager. To explore this issue, we provided human footstep sounds as audio feedback to BCI users while controlling a humanoid robot. Participants were asked to steer their robot surrogate and perform a pick-and-place task through BCI-SSVEPs. We found that audio-visual synchrony between footsteps sound and actual humanoid's walk reduces the time required for steering the robot. Thus, auditory feedback congruent with the humanoid actions may improve motor decisions of the BCI's user and help in the feeling of control over it. Our results shed light on the possibility to increase robot's control through the combination of multisensory feedback to a BCI user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuele Tidoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Pierre Gergondet
- CNRS-AIST Joint Robotics Laboratory, UMI3218/CRT Tsukuba, Japan ; UM2-CNRS LIRMM UMR5506 Montpellier, France
| | - Abderrahmane Kheddar
- CNRS-AIST Joint Robotics Laboratory, UMI3218/CRT Tsukuba, Japan ; UM2-CNRS LIRMM UMR5506 Montpellier, France
| | - Salvatore M Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
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A frequency-tagging electrophysiological method to identify central and peripheral visual field deficits. Doc Ophthalmol 2014; 129:17-26. [PMID: 24817488 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-014-9439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop a fast and efficient electrophysiological protocol to examine the visual field's integrity, which would be useful in pediatric testing. METHODS Steady-state visual-evoked potentials (ssVEPs) to field-specific radial checkerboards flickering at two cycle frequencies (7.5 and 6 Hz for central and peripheral stimulations, respectively) recorded at Oz were collected from 22 participants from 5 to 34 years old and from 5 visually impaired adolescents (12-16 years old). Responses from additional leads (POz, O1, O2), and the impact of gaze deviation on the signals, were also investigated in a subgroup of participants. RESULTS Steady-state visual-evoked potentials responses were similar at all electrode sites, although the signal from the central stimulation was significantly higher at Oz and was highly sensitive in detecting gaze deviation. No effect of age or sex was found, indicating similar ssVEP responses between adults and healthy children. Visual acuity was related to the central signal when comparing healthy participants with four central visual impaired adolescents. Clinical validation of our electrophysiological protocol was also achieved in a 15-year-old adolescent with a severe peripheral visual deficit, as assessed with Goldmann perimetry. CONCLUSIONS A single electrode over Oz is sufficient to gather both central and peripheral visual signals and also to control for gaze deviation. Our method presents several advantages in evaluating visual fields integrity, as it is fast, reliable, and efficient, and applicable in children as young as 5 years old. However, a larger sample of healthy children should be tested to establish clinical norms.
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Du H, Xie B, Lu P, Feng H, Wang J, Yuan S. Impaired white-matter integrity in photosensitive epilepsy: A DTI study using tract-based spatial statistics. J Neuroradiol 2014; 41:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Seizure precipitants in a community-based epilepsy cohort. J Neurol 2014; 261:717-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hanganu A, Groppa SA, Deuschl G, Siebner H, Moeller F, Siniatchkin M, Stephani U, Groppa S. Cortical Thickness Changes Associated with Photoparoxysmal Response. Brain Topogr 2014; 28:702-709. [PMID: 24487625 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoparoxysmal response (PPR) is an EEG trait of spike and spike-wave discharges in response to photic stimulation that is closely linked to idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). In our previous studies we showed that PPR is associated with functional alterations in the occipital and frontal cortices. The aim of the present study was to determine structural changes associated with PPR. For this purpose we analysed the cortical thickness as derived from T1 MRI images in PPR-positive-subjects (n = 12; 15.5 ± 8.6 years; 4 males), PPR-positive-IGE-patients (n = 12; 14.9 ± 2.7 years; 4 males) and compared these groups with a group of PPR-negative-healthy-controls (HC, n = 17; 15.3 ± 3.6 years; 6 males). Our results revealed an increase of cortical thickness in the occipital, frontal and parietal cortices bilaterally in PPR-positive-subjects in comparison to HC. Moreover PPR-positive-subjects presented a significant decrease of cortical thickness in the temporal cortex in the same group contrast. IGE patients exhibited lower cortical thickness in the temporal lobe bilaterally and in the right paracentral region in comparison to PPR-positive-subjects. Our study demonstrates structural changes in the occipital lobe, frontoparietal regions and temporal lobe, which also show functional changes associated with PPR. Patients with epilepsy present changes in the temporal lobe and supplementary motor area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Hanganu
- Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Scientifico-Practical Centre of Emergency Medicine, Medical and Pharmaceutical University Nicolae Testemiţanu, Chişinău, Moldova
| | - Stanislav A Groppa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Scientifico-Practical Centre of Emergency Medicine, Medical and Pharmaceutical University Nicolae Testemiţanu, Chişinău, Moldova
| | - Günther Deuschl
- Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hartwig Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital of Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Senses, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Friederike Moeller
- Clinic of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Clinic of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stephani
- Clinic of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Verrotti A, Grosso S, D'Egidio C, Parisi P, Spalice A, Pavone P, Capovilla G, Agostinelli S. Valproate in adolescents with photosensitive epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures only. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18:13-8. [PMID: 23891468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of valproate (VPA) on seizure response/control and photosensitivity (PS) in adolescents suffering from photosensitive epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures only (EGTCS). METHODS We prospectively evaluated 55 adolescents with newly diagnosed EGTCS and PS at presentation, who received VPA monotherapy. Two phases of the study were defined and analysed separately. In the phase I, the electroclinical data of patients were compared over three time points: T1 (at 6 months of treatment); T2 (at 12 months of treatment); and T3 (at 36 months of treatment). In the phase II, only patients who stopped VPA were evaluated over a period of 12 months. RESULTS At both T2 and T3 there was a significant great percentage of seizure-free patients compared with that at T1 (78.2% vs 69.1%, p < 0.01; and 85.5% vs 69.1%, p < 0.001) and a similar trend was also noted according to PS-free patients (70.9% vs 52.7%, p < 0.01; 80.0% vs 52.7% p < 0.001). At the end of the phase II, 46.5% and 32.6% out of 43 patients who stopped VPA had seizure relapses and reappearance of PS, respectively. In particular, 78.6% of the 14 patients with PS reappearance presented the same type of EEG response showed at study entry. CONCLUSIONS VPA monotherapy is very effective for both seizure outcome control and PS reduction in adolescents with EGTCS. Treatment discontinuation induces relapse of seizures and PS in a certain number of patients. PS reappearance presented the same type of EEG response showed before VPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia D'Egidio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Chair of Pediatrics, II Faculty of Medicine, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Pediatrics, I Faculty of Medicine, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Pavone
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capovilla
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy
| | - Sergio Agostinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Abstract
SUMMARYA brain–computer interface (BCI) is a system for commanding a device by means of brain signals without having to move any muscle. One kind of BCI is based on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP), which are evoked visual cortex responses elicited by a twinkling light source. Stimuli can produce visual fatigue; however, it has been well established that high-frequency SSVEP (>30 Hz) does not. In this paper, a mobile robot is remotely navigated into an office environment by means of an asynchronous high-frequency SSVEP-based BCI along with the image of a video camera. This BCI uses only three electroencephalographic channels and a simple processing signal method. The robot velocity control and the avoidance obstacle algorithms are also herein described. Seven volunteers were able to drive the mobile robot towards two different places. They had to evade desks and shelves, pass through a doorway and navigate in a corridor. The system was designed so as to allow the subject to move about without restrictions, since he/she had full robot movement's control. It was concluded that the developed system allows for remote mobile robot navigation in real indoor environments using brain signals. The proposed system is easy to use and does not require any special training. The user's visual fatigue is reduced because high-frequency stimulation is employed and, furthermore, the user gazes at the stimulus only when a command must be sent to the robot.
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Snehunsu A, Mukunda N, Satish Kumar MC, Sadhana N, Naduvil Narayanan S, Vijay Kapgal K, Avinash H, Chandrashekar BR, Raghavendra Rao K, Nayak BS. Evaluation of anti-epileptic property ofMarsilea quadrifoliaLinn. in maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole-induced rat models of epilepsy. Brain Inj 2013; 27:1707-14. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2013.831121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tu Y, Huang G, Hung YS, Hu L, Hu Y, Zhang Z. Single-trial detection of visual evoked potentials by common spatial patterns and wavelet filtering for brain-computer interface. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:2882-5. [PMID: 24110329 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in brain-computer interface (BCI) systems as input signals conveying a subject's intention. A fast and reliable single-trial ERP detection method can be used to develop a BCI system with both high speed and high accuracy. However, most of single-trial ERP detection methods are developed for offline EEG analysis and thus have a high computational complexity and need manual operations. Therefore, they are not applicable to practical BCI systems, which require a low-complexity and automatic ERP detection method. This work presents a joint spatial-time-frequency filter that combines common spatial patterns (CSP) and wavelet filtering (WF) for improving the signal-to-noise (SNR) of visual evoked potentials (VEP), which can lead to a single-trial ERP-based BCI.
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138
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Moghimi S, Kushki A, Guerguerian AM, Chau T. A review of EEG-based brain-computer interfaces as access pathways for individuals with severe disabilities. Assist Technol 2013; 25:99-110. [PMID: 23923692 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2012.723298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive method for measuring brain activity and is a strong candidate for brain-computer interface (BCI) development. While BCIs can be used as a means of communication for individuals with severe disabilities, the majority of existing studies have reported BCI evaluations by able-bodied individuals. Considering the many differences in body functions and usage scenarios between individuals with disabilities and able-bodied individuals, involvement of the target population in BCI evaluation is necessary. In this review, 39 studies reporting EEG-oriented BCI assessment by individuals with disabilities were identified in the past decade. With respect to participant populations, a need for assessing BCI performance for the pediatric population with severe disabilities was identified as an important future direction. Acquiring a reliable communication pathway during early stages of development is crucial in avoiding learned helplessness in pediatric-onset disabilities. With respect to evaluation, augmenting traditional measures of system performance with those relating to contextual factors was recommended for realizing user-centered designs appropriate for integration in real-life. Considering indicators of user state and developing more effective training paradigms are recommended for future studies of BCI involving individuals with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Moghimi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kaplan AY, Shishkin SL, Ganin IP, Basyul IA, Zhigalov AY. Adapting the P300-Based Brain–Computer Interface for Gaming: A Review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND AI IN GAMES 2013. [DOI: 10.1109/tciaig.2012.2237517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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140
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A new dual-frequency stimulation method to increase the number of visual stimuli for multi-class SSVEP-based brain–computer interface (BCI). Brain Res 2013; 1515:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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141
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Visual cortex hyperexcitability in idiopathic generalized epilepsies with photosensitivity: a TMS pilot study. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 27:301-6. [PMID: 23518608 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current understanding of the mechanisms underlying photosensitivity is still limited, although most studies point to a hyperexcitability of the visual cortex. METHODS Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we determined the resting motor threshold (rMT) and the phosphene threshold (PT) in 33 patients with IGEs (8 with photosensitivity) compared with 12 healthy controls. RESULTS Eleven controls (92%) reported phosphenes compared with fifteen (46%) patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (p=0.015). Phosphenes were reported more frequently among patients with epilepsy with photosensitivity (87.5%) than in patients with active epilepsy without photosensitivity (30.8%) (p=0.038) and patients with epilepsy in remission without photosensitivity (33.3%) (p=0.054); no differences were found between patients with epilepsy with photosensitivity and controls (p=0.648). Resting motor threshold and phosphene threshold were significantly higher among patients with epilepsy (active epilepsy or epilepsy in remission without photosensitivity) compared to healthy controls (p<0.01). Conversely, patients with active epilepsy and photosensitivity had significantly lower values than controls (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The marked decrease in PT and the high phosphene prevalence in patients with IGE with photosensitivity indicate a regional hyperexcitability of the primary visual cortex. Results of this study also suggest that the PT may serve as a biomarker for excitability in patients with IGE and photosensitivity.
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Shepherd AJ, Hine TJ, Beaumont HM. Color and Spatial Frequency Are Related to Visual Pattern Sensitivity in Migraine. Headache 2013; 53:1087-103. [DOI: 10.1111/head.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Shepherd
- Department of Psychological Sciences; Birkbeck; University of London; London; UK
| | | | - Heidi M. Beaumont
- Department of Applied Psychology; Griffith University; Brisbane; Qld; Australia
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143
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Zhang Y, Zhou G, Zhao Q, Jin J, Wang X, Cichocki A. Spatial-Temporal Discriminant Analysis for ERP-Based Brain-Computer Interface. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2013; 21:233-43. [PMID: 23476005 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2013.2243471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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144
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Diez PF, Torres Müller SM, Mut VA, Laciar E, Avila E, Bastos-Filho TF, Sarcinelli-Filho M. Commanding a robotic wheelchair with a high-frequency steady-state visual evoked potential based brain-computer interface. Med Eng Phys 2013; 35:1155-64. [PMID: 23339894 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a brain-computer interface (BCI) used to operate a robotic wheelchair. The experiments were performed on 15 subjects (13 of them healthy). The BCI is based on steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEP) and the stimuli flickering are performed at high frequency (37, 38, 39 and 40 Hz). This high frequency stimulation scheme can reduce or even eliminate visual fatigue, allowing the user to achieve a stable performance for long term BCI operation. The BCI system uses power-spectral density analysis associated to three bipolar electroencephalographic channels. As the results show, 2 subjects were reported as SSVEP-BCI illiterates (not able to use the BCI), and, consequently, 13 subjects (12 of them healthy) could navigate the wheelchair in a room with obstacles arranged in four distinct configurations. Volunteers expressed neither discomfort nor fatigue due to flickering stimulation. A transmission rate of up to 72.5 bits/min was obtained, with an average of 44.6 bits/min in four trials. These results show that people could effectively navigate a robotic wheelchair using a SSVEP-based BCI with high frequency flickering stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F Diez
- Gabinete de Tecnología Médica (GATEME), Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Argentina.
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145
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Mihajlović V, Garcia-Molina G, Peuscher J. Dry and Water-Based EEG Electrodes in SSVEP-Based BCI Applications. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38256-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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146
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Age-specific mechanisms in an SSVEP-based BCI scenario: evidences from spontaneous rhythms and neuronal oscillators. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2012; 2012:967305. [PMID: 23365562 PMCID: PMC3529432 DOI: 10.1155/2012/967305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing changes in steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) is an established approach to operate a brain-computer interface (BCI). The present study elucidates to what extent development-specific changes in the background EEG influence the ability to proper handle a stimulus-driven BCI. Therefore we investigated the effects of a wide range of photic driving on children between six and ten years in comparison to an adult control group. The results show differences in the driving profiles apparently in close communication with the specific type of intermittent stimulation. The factor age gains influence with decreasing stimulation frequency, whereby the superior performance of the adults seems to be determined to a great extent by elaborated driving responses at 10 and 11 Hz, matching the dominant resonance frequency of the respective background EEG. This functional interplay was only partially obtained in higher frequency ranges and absent in the induced driving between 30 and 40 Hz, indicating distinctions in the operating principles and developmental changes of the underlying neuronal oscillators.
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147
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Ashrafian H. Familial epilepsy in the pharaohs of ancient Egypt's eighteenth dynasty. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 25:23-31. [PMID: 22980077 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pharaohs of Egypt's famous eighteenth dynasty all died early of unknown causes. This paper comprehensively reviews and analyses the medical literature and current evidence available for the New Kingdom rulers - Tuthmosis IV, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, Smenkhkare and Tutankhamun. The integration of these sources reveals that the eighteenth dynasty rulers may have suffered from an inherited condition that may explain their untimely deaths. The description of recurring strong religious visions, likely neurological disease and gynecomastia, supports the theory that these pharaohs may have suffered from a familial temporal epilepsy syndrome that ultimately led to their early downfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hutan Ashrafian
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London at St. Mary's Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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148
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Chang HC, Lee PL, Lo MT, Lee IH, Yeh TK, Chang CY. Independence of Amplitude-Frequency and Phase Calibrations in an SSVEP-Based BCI Using Stepping Delay Flickering Sequences. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2012; 20:305-12. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2011.2180925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chih Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan.
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149
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Moeller F, Muthuraman M, Stephani U, Deuschl G, Raethjen J, Siniatchkin M. Representation and propagation of epileptic activity in absences and generalized photoparoxysmal responses. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1896-909. [PMID: 22431268 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although functional imaging studies described networks associated with generalized epileptic activity, propagation patterns within these networks are not clear. In this study, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based coherent source imaging dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS) was applied to different types of generalized epileptiform discharges, namely absence seizures (10 patients) and photoparoxysmal responses (PPR) (eight patients) to describe the representation and propagation of these discharges in the brain. The results of electrical source imaging were compared to EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which had been obtained from the same data sets of simultaneous EEG and fMRI recordings. Similar networks were described by DICS and fMRI: (1) absence seizures were associated with thalamic involvement in all patients. Concordant results were also found for brain areas of the default mode network and the occipital cortex. (2) Both DICS and fMRI identified the occipital, parietal, and the frontal cortex in a network associated with PPR. (3) However, only when PPR preceded a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, the thalamus was involved in the generation of PPR as shown by both imaging techniques. Partial directed coherence suggested that during absences, the thalamus acts as a pacemaker while PPR could be explained by a cortical propagation from the occipital cortex via the parietal cortex to the frontal cortex. In conclusion, the electrical source imaging is not only able to describe similar neuronal networks as revealed by fMRI, including deep sources of neuronal activity such as the thalamus, but also demonstrates interactions interactions within these networks and sheds light on pathogenetic mechanisms of absence seizures and PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Moeller
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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150
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Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Jing J, Wang X, Cichocki A. A novel BCI based on ERP components sensitive to configural processing of human faces. J Neural Eng 2012; 9:026018. [PMID: 22414683 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/9/2/026018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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