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Shettigar L, Sivaraman S, Rao R, Akhila Arun S, Chopra A, U Kamath S, Rana R. Correlational analysis between salivary and blood glucose levels in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37823574 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2267678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of patient-related demographic, socioeconomic status, physical activity, stress, and dietary factors influencing the relationship between salivary and blood glucose levels in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 participants with and without DM. Saliva and blood were collected to estimate the glucose levels. Age, gender, occupation, socioeconomic and education level, BMI, hip to waist circumference, stress, dietary pattern, lifestyle, physical activity, family history of diabetes, and type of diabetes were recorded. The association of saliva to predict blood glucose levels was analysed using Spearman Rank Correlation and how these patient-related factors influence the correlation was estimated for future machine learning models. The difference in medians for various groups was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U Test or Kruskal Wallis Test. RESULTS Blood glucose level is not significantly correlated to salivary glucose level. However, a statistically significant difference in the median blood glucose levels for diabetic participants (median = 137) compared to healthy controls (p-value < .05) was noted. The correlation between blood and salivary glucose was more positive for higher levels of glucose (Spearman 0.4). Age, alcohol consumption, monthly wages, intake of vegetables, and socioeconomic status affect blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION A correlation between saliva and blood glucose levels in healthy individuals was weak. Saliva should only be used as a monitoring tool rather than a diagnostic tool and is more reliable for patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laasya Shettigar
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanchita Sivaraman
- UBC School of Population and Public Health, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rohini Rao
- Department of Data Science and Computer Applications, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanjana Akhila Arun
- Department of Data Science and Computer Applications, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shobha U Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raju Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Karkada G, Maiya GA, Arany P, KG MR, Adiga S, Kamath SU. Dose-response relationship of photobiomodulation therapy and oxidative stress markers in healing dynamics of diabetic neuropathic ulcers in Wistar rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:393-400. [PMID: 37255770 PMCID: PMC10225440 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic foot ulcers are reported to be the most expensive complications of diabetes, with high morbidity and mortality rates. If the necessary care is not provided for the wound to heal, the individual may end up amputating the affected feet. Photobiomodulation therapy is a promising non-pharmacological treatment option for wound healing. The objective of the present study is to establish a dose-response relationship between photobiomodulation therapy and oxidative stress markers in the healing dynamics of diabetic neuropathic ulcers in Wistar rats. Methodology Diabetic neuropathy was induced in 126 Albino Wistar rats. An excisional wound of an area of 2cm2 was made on the neuropathy-induced leg. Photobiomodulation therapy of dosages 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 J/cm2 of wavelengths 655 and 808 nm was irradiated. The control group animals were kept un-irradiated. The outcome measures were assessed during wound healing's inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases. Results In the experimental group, animals treated with photobiomodulation therapy at doses of 4, 6, and 8 J/cm2 showed better wound healing dynamics. Photobiomodulation therapy modulated the reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels, thereby improving the oxidative status of the wound. Conclusion Photobiomodulation therapy of dosages 4, 6, and 8 J/cm2 is effective and is a promising adjuvant modality in treating diabetic neuropathic ulcers. There was a strong dose-response relationship in the experimental groups treated with 4, 6 and 8 J/ cm2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01157-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagana Karkada
- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576 104 Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Chief- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576 104 Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Praveen Arany
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Engineering & Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, B36A, Foster Hall- Buffalo, NY14214-8031 New York, USA
| | - Mohandas Rao KG
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College- Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Shalini Adiga
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576 104 Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Shobha U Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, Karnataka India
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Karkada G, Maiya GA, Arany P, Rao Kg M, Adiga S, Kamath SU. Dose-Response Relationship of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Matrix Metalloproteinase in Healing Dynamics of Diabetic Neuropathic Ulcers-An in vivo Study. Photochem Photobiol 2022. [PMID: 36477863 DOI: 10.1111/php.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with diabetic foot ulcers have overlapped the inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phase, making the tissue vulnerable to delayed healing responses. We aimed to establish the dose-response relationship of photobiomodulation therapy of different doses and matrix metalloproteinases in the healing dynamics of diabetic neuropathic ulcers. Diabetes was induced in 126 Albino Wistar rats, and neuropathy was induced to the hind paw by a sciatic nerve injury method. An excisional wound was created on the neuropathy-induced leg. Photobiomodulation therapy of dosages 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 J cm-2 and wavelength 655 nm and 808 nm was irradiated. Photobiomodulation therapy of dosages 4, 6 and 8 J cm-2 showed better wound healing properties with optimized levels of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and 8. We observed a strong dose response in the experimental group treated with 6 and 8 J cm-2 . The findings from the present study conclude that photobiomodulation therapy of dosages 4, 6 and 8 J cm-2 is suggestive of usefulness in diabetic neuropathic ulcer healing. Markers like matrix metalloproteinases may give a clear direction on response to the therapy. Based on the findings from the present study, we recommend to validate the findings for safety and efficacy in future through human prospective randomized controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagana Karkada
- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Chief-Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Arany
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Engineering & Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mohandas Rao Kg
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shalini Adiga
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha U Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Introduction With a higher proportion of young individuals undergoing uncemented hip arthroplasty, a close match in the dimension of the proximal femur and the implanted prosthesis is paramount. This is a study to gain insight into geographical variation in proximal femur morphology to determine the reference values to design uncemented femoral stems for a south Indian population, and also the effect of ageing and gender on the proximal femur morphology. Materials and Methods The study comprised of two groups. For the first group, 50 unpaired dry femur bones were obtained from adult human cadavers; and the second group was a clinical group of 50 adult patients. Standardised radiographic techniques were used to measure the extra-cortical and intra-cortical morphometric parameters. Based on these, dimensionless ratios were calculated to express the shape of the proximal femur. The data were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation and a comparison made with other studies. Results A significant difference was noted across various population subsets within the Indian subcontinent and also in comparison to the Western population, suggestive of regional variation. The measurements made in cadaveric bone differed significantly from those in live patients, especially the femoral head diameter and extra-cortical and intra-cortical width. Femoral offset, head height and diameter were significantly less in females. Conclusion The south Indian population needs customised implants with an increase in neck shaft angle and a decrease in intra-cortical and extra-cortical width for press fit in hip arthroplasty. The variation between the two sexes must also be accounted for during prosthesis design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Kamath
- Department of Orthopaedics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - S Agarwal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sumit Nursing Home, Meerut, India
| | - J Austine
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
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Kamath P, Nayak R, Kamath SU, Pai D. A comparative evaluation of the remineralization potential of three commercially available remineralizing agents on white spot lesions in primary teeth: An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2017; 35:229-237. [PMID: 28762349 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_242_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The focus in caries management has shifted to early detection of caries lesions and targeted noninvasive management of incipient lesions using novel remineralizing agents. AIM This study aimed to compare and evaluate the remineralization potential of commercially available agents containing nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), and Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on artificially induced white spot lesions in primary teeth. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This is an in vitro double-blind randomized study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty extracted or exfoliated primary teeth were selected and randomized as follows: Group I: FTCP, Group II: fluoridated dentifrice, Group III: CPP-ACPF, and Group IV: Nano-HA. DIAGNOdent readings and scanning electron microscope (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were carried out at baseline. The samples were subjected to the test agents after inducing white spot lesions. The readings were repeated postdemineralization and postremineralization. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 software with one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey's HSD, and paired t-test. RESULTS SEM evaluation showed favorable surface changes in all the four study groups after remineralization therapy. Intragroup comparison of DIAGNOdent and EDX readings showed a highly significant difference between baseline, postdemineralization, and postremineralization values. However, the intergroup comparison was statistically nonsignificant. CONCLUSION All test agents were comparable in their remineralization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujan Kamath
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Nayak
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha U Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, KMC Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepika Pai
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Affiliation(s)
- H. S Ranjini
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - E. G. Padmanabha Udupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha U Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath Setty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, MCOPS, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Hadapad
- Department of Ayurveda, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Snehunsu A, Ghosal C, Kandwal M, Yadav PK, Nayak BS, Rao KR, Kamath SU, Sahoo P, Srinivasan KK, Naduvil Narayanan S, Kumar S, Joseph A. 1-Triacontanol cerotate; isolated from Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. ameliorates reactive oxidative damage in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of chronic epileptic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 172:80-84. [PMID: 26117530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. (MQ) has been used for insomnia and epileptic disorders in traditional Indian medicine. The present study is to isolate the active component responsible for antiepileptic property of MQ by evaluating its ability to minimize the reactive oxidative damage in brain due to chronic epilepsy in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1-Triacontanol cerotate (1TAC) was isolated after chromatography on a silica gel from dried petroleum ether fraction of methanolic extract of MQ. Acute oral toxicity studies of 1TAC were carried out and efficacy of 1TAC on malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) production in different brain areas of chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced epileptic rats were evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed that PTZ-kindled chronic epileptic rats had an increase MDA and decreased GSH concentration in the frontal cortex as well as hippocampus, compared to the normal control. MDA and GSH concentrations in those brain areas were normalized after treatment with sodium valproate (SV) in 200 mg kg(-1)bw; as well as 1TAC in 40 and 80 mg kg(-1)bw doses. CONCLUSION Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to worsen epileptogenesis. The isolated component 1TAC which reduced the reactive oxidative damage in hippocampus and frontal cortex of PTZ kindled rats could be responsible for antiepileptic property of MQ. Its action is found to be dose dependent, with 80 mg kg(-1)bw showing even better efficacy than 200 mg kg(-1)bw of SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhikari Snehunsu
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Chitrini Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Mamta Kandwal
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - B Satheesha Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - K Raghavendra Rao
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Shobha U Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Pabitra Sahoo
- Department of Statistics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - K K Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Madhwa Vadiraja Institute of Technology and Management, Bantakal, India
| | - Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Shiva Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Science, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
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Koduru B, Thakur A, Kamath SU, Shenoy KR, Kamath U, Reshma K. Indicators of oxidative stress in thyroid cancer. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010; 47:121-123. [PMID: 20521627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the levels of protein thiols and carbonyls were estimated in the blood samples of thyroid cancer patients (n = 20) before and after thyroidectomy, as well as in healthy controls (n = 10) to study the extent of damage caused by tumor tissue proliferation-induced oxidative stress and to ascertain that oxidative stress levels drop, when there was no proliferation. A significant decrease (p<0.001) in the levels of serum protein thiols and FRAP as well as a significant increase (p<0.001) in the levels of protein carbonyls and MPO activity in the blood of thyroid cancer patients before surgery was observed as compared to healthy controls. All the parameters studied also showed a significant difference (p<0.001) in their respective levels in thyroid cancer patients, pre- and post-thyroidectomy. These findings present the role of oxidative stress as a pathological implication of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav Koduru
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
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Agnihotri R, Pandurang P, Kamath SU, Goyal R, Ballal S, Shanbhogue AY, Kamath U, Bhat GS, Bhat KM. Association of Cigarette Smoking With Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Levels in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009; 80:657-62. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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