101
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Jakoš T, Pišlar A, Jewett A, Kos J. Cysteine Cathepsins in Tumor-Associated Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2037. [PMID: 31555270 PMCID: PMC6724555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are key regulators of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Their expression, activity, and subcellular localization are associated with the distinct development and differentiation stages of immune cells. They promote the activation of innate myeloid immune cells since they contribute to toll-like receptor signaling and to cytokine secretion. Furthermore, they control lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux, thus affecting innate immune cell survival and polarization. They also regulate bidirectional communication between the cell exterior and the cytoskeleton, thus influencing cell interactions, morphology, and motility. Importantly, cysteine cathepsins contribute to the priming of adaptive immune cells by controlling antigen presentation and are involved in cytotoxic granule mediated killing in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cathepins'aberrant activity can be prevented by their endogenous inhibitors, cystatins. However, dysregulated proteolysis contributes significantly to tumor progression also by modulation of the antitumor immune response. Especially tumor-associated myeloid cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are known for their tumor promoting and immunosuppressive functions, constitute the major source of excessive cysteine cathepsin activity in cancer. Since they are enriched in the tumor microenvironment, cysteine cathepsins represent exciting targets for development of new diagnostic and therapeutic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Jakoš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anahid Jewett
- UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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102
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Gaus HJ, Gupta R, Chappell AE, Østergaard ME, Swayze EE, Seth PP. Characterization of the interactions of chemically-modified therapeutic nucleic acids with plasma proteins using a fluorescence polarization assay. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1110-1122. [PMID: 30566688 PMCID: PMC6379706 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of chemically modified nucleic acid therapeutics with plasma proteins play an important role in facilitating distribution from the injection site to peripheral tissues by reducing renal clearance. Despite the importance of these interactions, analytical methods that can characterize binding constants with individual plasma proteins in a reliable and high throughput manner are not easily available. We developed a fluorescence polarization (FP) based assay and measured binding constants for the 25 most abundant human plasma proteins with phosphorothioate (PS) modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). We evaluated the influence of sequence, sugar modifications, and PS content on ASO interactions with several abundant human plasma proteins and determined the effect of salt and pH on these interactions. PS ASOs were found to associate predominantly with albumin and histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) in mouse and human plasma by size-exclusion chromatography. In contrast, PS ASOs associate predominantly with HRG in monkey plasma because of higher concentrations of this protein in monkeys. Finally, plasma proteins capable of binding PS ASOs in human plasma were confirmed by employing affinity chromatography and proteomics. Our results indicate distinct differences in contributions from the PS backbone, nucleobase composition and oligonucleotide flexibility to protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J Gaus
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Alfred E Chappell
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - Eric E Swayze
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Punit P Seth
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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103
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Trehalose: is it a potential inhibitor of antithrombin polymerization? Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190567. [PMID: 31147454 PMCID: PMC6579975 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SERine Protease INhibitorS (Serpins) are a superfamily of proteins that are characterized by having a similar three-dimensional structure. The native conformation is not most thermodynamically stable, so polymerization is the main consequence when its stability is altered as a result of certain mutations. The polymerization of serpins has been a research topic for many years. Different mechanisms have been proposed and in the same way different compounds or strategies have been studied to prevent polymerization. A recent paper published in Bioscience Reports by Naseem et al. [Biosci. Rep. (2019) 5, 39] studies the role of trehalose in the prevention of the polymerization of antithrombin, which belongs to the serpin superfamily. The main consequence of the antithrombin polymerization is the increased thrombotic risk, since antithrombin is the main inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. The authors demonstrate that trehalose is able to prevent the in vitro polymerization of antithrombin, under conditions in which it usually tends to polymerize, and demonstrate it by using different techniques. However, the binding site of trehalose in antithrombin should be defined by site-directed mutagenesis. On the other hand, it is not clear if all serpins polymerize in vivo through the same mechanism and it is also not clear if the same serpin can even polymerize through different mechanisms. Therefore, there are still doubts about the potential of trehalose or its derivatives to prevent in vivo antithrombin polymerization and, therefore, reduce thrombotic risk, as well as whether trehalose would be able to reduce polymerization in other serpins.
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104
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Alam B, Biswas S. Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease falcipain-2 by a human cross-class inhibitor serpinB3: A mechanistic insight. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:854-865. [PMID: 31247344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Falcipain-2(FP2), a cysteine protease from Plasmodium falciparum, cleaves host erythrocyte hemoglobin and specific membrane skeleton components during the parasite life cycle. Therefore its inhibition has been considered as an attractive approach to combat the disease. SerpinB3 (SPB3) belongs to the ovalbumin-serpin family and is a potent cross-class inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins L, K, S and papain. This study explored the possibility of inhibition of FP2 by SPB3. It turned out that general proteolytic activities as well as specific hemoglobinolytic activity of FP2 have been inhibited by SPB3. Furthermore, studies have been designed to investigate and characterize the mechanism of inhibition in comparison with proteases Cathepsin L (CTSL) and papain. The Ki value of inhibition for FP2, measured against its specific substrate (VLK-pNA), is 338.11 nM and stoichiometry (I/E ratio) of inhibition is 1. These values are comparable to CTSL and papain. Analytical gel filtration profile and CD spectroscopy data confirm FP2-SPB3 complex formation. Our studies revealed that interaction of SPB3 with FP2 is non-covalent type like that of CTSL and papain but unlike other serine protease-inhibiting serpins. An in-silico docking and simulation study have been performed with FP2 as well as CTSL and results suggest different binding mode for FP2 and CTSL, though both the complexes are stable with significant contribution from electrostatic energy of interaction. We further showed a disease state mutant SPB3-Gly351Ala performed better anti-protease activity against FP2. This study, for the first time, has shown a serpin family inhibitor from human could efficiently inhibit activity of FP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benazir Alam
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Sampa Biswas
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
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105
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Brown Spider ( Loxosceles) Venom Toxins as Potential Biotools for the Development of Novel Therapeutics. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060355. [PMID: 31248109 PMCID: PMC6628458 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown spider envenomation results in dermonecrosis with gravitational spreading characterized by a marked inflammatory reaction and with lower prevalence of systemic manifestations such as renal failure and hematological disturbances. Several toxins make up the venom of these species, and they are mainly peptides and proteins ranging from 5–40 kDa. The venoms have three major families of toxins: phospholipases-D, astacin-like metalloproteases, and the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptides. Serine proteases, serpins, hyaluronidases, venom allergens, and a translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) are also present. Toxins hold essential biological properties that enable interactions with a range of distinct molecular targets. Therefore, the application of toxins as research tools and clinical products motivates repurposing their uses of interest. This review aims to discuss possibilities for brown spider venom toxins as putative models for designing molecules likely for therapeutics based on the status quo of brown spider venoms. Herein, we explore new possibilities for the venom components in the context of their biochemical and biological features, likewise their cellular targets, three-dimensional structures, and mechanisms of action.
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106
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Pathak M, Manna R, Li C, Kaira BG, Hamad BK, Belviso BD, Bonturi CR, Dreveny I, Fischer PM, Dekker LV, Oliva MLV, Emsley J. Crystal structures of the recombinant β-factor XIIa protease with bound Thr-Arg and Pro-Arg substrate mimetics. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 75:578-591. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319006910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation factor XII (FXII) is a key initiator of the contact pathway, which contributes to inflammatory pathways. FXII circulates as a zymogen, which when auto-activated forms factor XIIa (FXIIa). Here, the production of the recombinant FXIIa protease domain (βFXIIaHis) with yields of ∼1–2 mg per litre of insect-cell culture is reported. A second construct utilized an N-terminal maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion (MBP-βFXIIaHis). Crystal structures were determined of MBP-βFXIIaHisin complex with the inhibitor D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) and of βFXIIaHisin isolation. The βFXIIaHisstructure revealed that the S2 and S1 pockets were occupied by Thr and Arg residues, respectively, from an adjacent molecule in the crystal. The Thr-Arg sequence mimics the P2–P1 FXIIa cleavage-site residues present in the natural substrates prekallikrein and FXII, and Pro-Arg (from PPACK) mimics the factor XI cleavage site. A comparison of the βFXIIaHisstructure with the available crystal structure of the zymogen-like FXII protease revealed large conformational changes centred around the S1 pocket and an alternate conformation for the 99-loop, Tyr99 and the S2 pocket. Further comparison with activated protease structures of factors IXa and Xa, which also have the Tyr99 residue, reveals that a more open form of the S2 pocket only occurs in the presence of a substrate mimetic. The FXIIa inhibitors EcTI and infestin-4 have Pro-Arg and Phe-Arg P2–P1 sequences, respectively, and the interactions that these inhibitors make with βFXIIa are also described. These structural studies of βFXIIa provide insight into substrate and inhibitor recognition and establish a scaffold for the structure-guided drug design of novel antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory agents.
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107
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O'Donnell JS, O'Sullivan JM, Preston RJS. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that maintain normal haemostasis. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:24-36. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. O'Donnell
- Haemostasis Research Group Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Irish Centre for Vascular Biology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Jamie M. O'Sullivan
- Haemostasis Research Group Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Irish Centre for Vascular Biology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Roger J. S. Preston
- Haemostasis Research Group Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Irish Centre for Vascular Biology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
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108
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Dosselli R, Grassl J, den Boer SPA, Kratz M, Moran JM, Boomsma JJ, Baer B. Protein-Level Interactions as Mediators of Sexual Conflict in Ants. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:S34-S45. [PMID: 30598476 PMCID: PMC6427229 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All social insects with obligate reproductive division of labor evolved from strictly monogamous ancestors, but multiple queen-mating (polyandry) arose de novo, in several evolutionarily derived lineages. Polyandrous ant queens are inseminated soon after hatching and store sperm mixtures for a potential reproductive life of decades. However, they cannot re-mate later in life and are thus expected to control the loss of viable sperm because their lifetime reproductive success is ultimately sperm limited. In the leaf-cutting ant Atta colombica,, the survival of newly inseminated sperm is known to be compromised by seminal fluid of rival males and to be protected by secretions of the queen sperm storage organ (spermatheca). Here we investigate the main protein-level interactions that appear to mediate sperm competition dynamics and sperm preservation. We conducted an artificial insemination experiment and DIGE-based proteomics to identify proteomic changes when seminal fluid is exposed to spermathecal fluid followed by a mass spectrometry analysis of both secretions that allowed us to identify the sex-specific origins of the proteins that had changed in abundance. We found that spermathecal fluid targets only seven (2%) of the identified seminal fluid proteins for degradation, including two proteolytic serine proteases, a SERPIN inhibitor, and a semen-liquefying acid phosphatase. In vitro, and in vivo, experiments provided further confirmation that these proteins are key molecules mediating sexual conflict over sperm competition and viability preservation during sperm storage. In vitro, exposure to spermathecal fluid reduced the capacity of seminal fluid to compromise survival of rival sperm in a matter of hours and biochemical inhibition of these seminal fluid proteins largely eliminated that adverse effect. Our findings indicate that A. colombica, queens are in control of sperm competition and sperm storage, a capacity that has not been documented in other animals but is predicted to have independently evolved in other polyandrous social insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dosselli
- From the ‡ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, Bayliss Building (M316),; Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092),; Honey Bee Health Research Group, School of Molecular Sciences (M316), The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Julia Grassl
- From the ‡ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, Bayliss Building (M316),; Honey Bee Health Research Group, School of Molecular Sciences (M316), The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Susanne P A den Boer
- From the ‡ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, Bayliss Building (M316),; Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Madlen Kratz
- From the ‡ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, Bayliss Building (M316),; Honey Bee Health Research Group, School of Molecular Sciences (M316), The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jessica M Moran
- From the ‡ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, Bayliss Building (M316),; Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092),; Honey Bee Health Research Group, School of Molecular Sciences (M316), The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacobus J Boomsma
- Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;.
| | - Boris Baer
- Center for Integrative Bee Research (CIBER), Department of Entomology, The University of California, Riverside CA 92506.
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109
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Jendroszek A, Madsen JB, Chana-Muñoz A, Dupont DM, Christensen A, Panitz F, Füchtbauer EM, Lovell SC, Jensen JK. Biochemical and structural analyses suggest that plasminogen activators coevolved with their cognate protein substrates and inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3794-3805. [PMID: 30651349 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein sequences of members of the plasminogen activation system are present throughout the entire vertebrate phylum. This important and well-described proteolytic cascade is governed by numerous protease-substrate and protease-inhibitor interactions whose conservation is crucial to maintaining unchanged protein function throughout evolution. The pressure to preserve protein-protein interactions may lead to either co-conservation or covariation of binding interfaces. Here, we combined covariation analysis and structure-based prediction to analyze the binding interfaces of urokinase (uPA):plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and uPA:plasminogen complexes. We detected correlated variation between the S3-pocket-lining residues of uPA and the P3 residue of both PAI-1 and plasminogen. These residues are known to form numerous polar interactions in the human uPA:PAI-1 Michaelis complex. To test the effect of mutations that correlate with each other and have occurred during mammalian diversification on protein-protein interactions, we produced uPA, PAI-1, and plasminogen from human and zebrafish to represent mammalian and nonmammalian orthologs. Using single amino acid point substitutions in these proteins, we found that the binding interfaces of uPA:plasminogen and uPA:PAI-1 may have coevolved to maintain tight interactions. Moreover, we conclude that although the interaction areas between protease-substrate and protease-inhibitor are shared, the two interactions are mechanistically different. Compared with a protease cleaving its natural substrate, the interaction between a protease and its inhibitor is more complex and involves a more fine-tuned mechanism. Understanding the effects of evolution on specific protein interactions may help further pharmacological interventions of the plasminogen activation system and other proteolytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jendroszek
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark and
| | - Jeppe B Madsen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark and
| | - Andrés Chana-Muñoz
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark and
| | - Daniel M Dupont
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark and
| | - Anni Christensen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark and
| | - Frank Panitz
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark and
| | - Ernst-Martin Füchtbauer
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark and
| | - Simon C Lovell
- the School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jan K Jensen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark and
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110
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Sanrattana W, Maas C, de Maat S. SERPINs-From Trap to Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:25. [PMID: 30809526 PMCID: PMC6379291 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive enzyme activity often has pathological consequences. This for example is the case in thrombosis and hereditary angioedema, where serine proteases of the coagulation system and kallikrein-kinin system are excessively active. Serine proteases are controlled by SERPINs (serine protease inhibitors). We here describe the basic biochemical mechanisms behind SERPIN activity and identify key determinants that influence their function. We explore the clinical phenotypes of several SERPIN deficiencies and review studies where SERPINs are being used beyond replacement therapy. Excitingly, rare human SERPIN mutations have led us and others to believe that it is possible to refine SERPINs toward desired behavior for the treatment of enzyme-driven pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven de Maat
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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111
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Vousden KA, Lundqvist T, Popovic B, Naiman B, Carruthers AM, Newton P, Johnson DJD, Pomowski A, Wilkinson T, Dufner P, de Mendez I, Mallinder PR, Murray C, Strain M, Connor J, Murray LA, Sleeman MA, Lowe DC, Huntington JA, Vaughan TJ. Discovery and characterisation of an antibody that selectively modulates the inhibitory activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1605. [PMID: 30733557 PMCID: PMC6367345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that regulates fibrinolysis, cell adhesion and cell motility via its interactions with plasminogen activators and vitronectin. PAI-1 has been shown to play a role in a number of diverse pathologies including cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancer and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target. However the multiple patho-physiological roles of PAI-1, and understanding the relative contributions of these in any one disease setting, make the development of therapeutically relevant molecules challenging. Here we describe the identification and characterisation of fully human antibody MEDI-579, which binds with high affinity and specificity to the active form of human PAI-1. MEDI-579 specifically inhibits serine protease interactions with PAI-1 while conserving vitronectin binding. Crystallographic analysis reveals that this specificity is achieved through direct binding of MEDI-579 Fab to the reactive centre loop (RCL) of PAI-1 and at the same exosite used by both tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA). We propose that MEDI-579 acts by directly competing with proteases for RCL binding and as such is able to modulate the interaction of PAI-1 with tPA and uPA in a way not previously described for a human PAI-1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Lundqvist
- AstraZeneca AB R&D, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Brian Naiman
- MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J D Johnson
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anja Pomowski
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Clare Murray
- AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF, UK
| | | | - Jane Connor
- MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | | | | | - James A Huntington
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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112
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Karaszi K, Szabo S, Juhasz K, Kiraly P, Kocsis-Deak B, Hargitai B, Krenacs T, Hupuczi P, Erez O, Papp Z, Kovalszky I, Than NG. Increased placental expression of Placental Protein 5 (PP5) / Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) in women with preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome: Relevance to impaired trophoblast invasion? Placenta 2019; 76:30-39. [PMID: 30803712 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental Protein 5 (PP5)/Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein mainly expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast that may regulate trophoblast invasion. Our aim was to study placental PP5/TFPI-2 expression and its relation to placental pathology in various forms of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. METHODS Placental and maternal blood specimens were collected at the time of delivery from the same women in the following groups: 1) early controls; 2) early preeclampsia; 3) early preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome; 4) late controls; and 5) late preeclampsia. After histopathological examination, placental specimens were immunostained with polyclonal anti-PP5/TFPI-2 antibody on Western blot and tissue microarray immunohistochemistry. Placental PP5/TFPI-2 immunoscores were assessed manually and with a semi-automated method. Maternal sera were immunoassayed for PP5/TFPI-2. RESULTS PP5/TFPI-2 was localized to the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast. Manual and semi-automated PP5/TFPI-2 immunoscores were higher in early preeclampsia with or without HELLP syndrome but not in late preeclampsia than in respective controls. In patients with preeclampsia, the correlation of placental PP5/TFPI-2 expression with maternal vascular malperfusion score of the placenta was positive while it was negative with birthweight and placental weight. Maternal serum PP5/TFPI-2 concentration was higher in early preeclampsia and it tended to be higher in early preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome than in early controls. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that an increased placental PP5/TFPI-2 expression may be associated with abnormal placentation in early preeclampsia, with or without HELLP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Karaszi
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Szabo
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Juhasz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Kiraly
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kocsis-Deak
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Hargitai
- West Midlands Perinatal Pathology Centre, Cellular Pathology Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS FT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petronella Hupuczi
- Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Offer Erez
- Maternity Department "D" Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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113
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Kavas M, Kurt Kızıldoğan A, Balık Hİ. Gene expression analysis of bud burst process in European hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) using RNA-Seq. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:13-29. [PMID: 30804627 PMCID: PMC6352538 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The control of bud burst process depending on temperature is crucial factor in woody perennial plants to survive in unfavorable ecological conditions. Although it has important economic and agronomic values, little information is available on the molecular mechanism of the bud burst process in Corylus avellana. Here for the first time, we conducted a de novo transcriptome-based experiment using eco-dormant leaf bud tissues. Four transcriptome libraries were constructed from the leaf bud tissues and sequenced via Illumina platform. Transcriptome analysis revealed 86,394 unigenes with a mean length of 1189 nt and an N50 of 1916 nt. Among these unigenes, 63,854 (73.78%) of them were annotated by at least one database. De novo assembled transcripts were enriched in phenylpropanoid metabolism, phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways. Analyses of phytohormone-associated genes revealed important changes during bud burst, in response to gibberellic acid, auxin, and brassinosteroids. Approximately 2163 putative transcription factors were predicted, of which the largest number of unique transcripts belonged to the MYB transcription factor family. These results contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of bud burst genes in perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kurt Kızıldoğan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin İrfan Balık
- Giresun Hazelnut Research Station, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Giresun, Turkey
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114
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Roudnický P, Vorel J, Ilgová J, Benovics M, Norek A, Jedličková L, Mikeš L, Potěšil D, Zdráhal Z, Dvořák J, Gelnar M, Kašný M. Identification and partial characterization of a novel serpin from Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:61. [PMID: 30516130 PMCID: PMC6280883 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Serpins are a superfamily of serine peptidase inhibitors that participate in the regulation of many physiological and cell peptidase-mediated processes in all organisms (e.g. in blood clotting, complement activation, fibrinolysis, inflammation, and programmed cell death). It was postulated that in the blood-feeding members of the monogenean family Diplozoidae, serpins could play an important role in the prevention of thrombus formation, activation of complement, inflammation in the host, and/or in the endogenous regulation of protein degradation. Results: In silico analysis showed that the DNA and primary protein structures of serpin from Eudiplozoon nipponicum (EnSerp1) are similar to other members of the serpin superfamily. The inhibitory potential of EnSerp1 on four physiologically-relevant serine peptidases (trypsin, factor Xa, kallikrein, and plasmin) was demonstrated and its presence in the worm’s excretory-secretory products (ESPs) was confirmed. Conclusion: EnSerp1 influences the activity of peptidases that play a role in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and complement activation. This inhibitory potential, together with the serpin’s presence in ESPs, suggests that it is likely involved in host-parasite interactions and could be one of the molecules involved in the control of feeding and prevention of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Roudnický
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vorel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ilgová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Norek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Jedličková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Mikeš
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic - National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dvořák
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom - Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gelnar
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kašný
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic - Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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115
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Tiefenthaler G. Potential of Protein-based Anti-metastatic Therapy with Serpins and Inter α-Trypsin Inhibitors. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:225-238. [PMID: 29976628 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize the principles of anti-metastatic therapy with selected serpin family proteins, such as pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) and maspin, as well as inter α-trypsin inhibitor (IαIs) light chains (bikunin) and heavy chains (ITIHs). Case-by-case, antimetastatic activity may be dependent or independent of the protease-inhibitory activity of the corresponding proteins. We discuss the incidence of target deregulation in different tumor entities, mechanisms of deregulation, context-dependent functional issues as well as in vitro and in vivo target validation studies with transfected tumor cells or recombinant protein as anti-metastatic agents. Finally, we comment on possible clinical evaluation of these proteins in adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Tiefenthaler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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116
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Gao Q, Yang L, Dai J, Yuan G, Wang L, Qian C, Zhu B, Liu C, Wei G. Characterization and functional analysis of serpin-28 gene from silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 159:18-27. [PMID: 30473012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) are a broadly distributed superfamily of proteins with a SERPIN domain and participate in several immune responses. In this study, a serpin-28 gene was identified in B. mori and its role in immune regulation was investigated. This gene has an open reading frame of 1065 bp that encodes a 354-amino acid residue polypeptide containing one SERPIN domain with a predicted molecular weight of 40.3 kDa. Recombinant Bmserpin-28 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and used to raise rabbit anti-Bmserpin-28 polyclonal antibodies. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Bmserpin-28 was expressed in all examined tissues, with maximum expression in the fat body and silk gland. Expression pattern of different developmental stages showed that the highest expression level was in the pupae, while the lowest expression level was recorded at the egg stage. After challenge with four different microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Beauveria bassiana, Micrococcus luteus and B. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus), the expression pattern of Bmserpin-28 was investigated in fat body and haemocyte samples. A substantial upregulation of Bmserpin-28 expression level was recorded following pathogen challenge in both the tested tissues. Furthermore, RNA interference of Bmserpin-28 resulted in significant upregulation of antimicrobial peptide genes. In summary, our results indicated that Bmserpin-28 may be involved in the innate immunity of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Liangli Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Junjun Dai
- Sericultural Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, PR China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Cen Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Baojian Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Chaoliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China.
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117
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Xu P, Huang M. Small Peptides as Modulators of Serine Proteases. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3686-3705. [PMID: 30332941 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181016163630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes, and are proven diagnostic and therapeutic targets in a number of clinical indications. Suppression of the aberrant proteolytic activities of these proteases has been clinically used for the treatments of relevant diseases. Polypeptides with 10-20 residues are of great interests as medicinal modulators of serine proteases, because these peptides demonstrate the characteristics of both small molecule drugs and macromolecular drugs. In this review, we summarized the recent development of peptide-based inhibitors against serine proteases with potent inhibitory and high specificity comparable to monoclonal antibodies. In addition, we also discussed the strategies of enhancing plasma half-life and bioavailability of peptides in vivo, which is the main hurdle that limits the clinical translation of peptide-based drugs. This review advocates new avenue for the development of effective serine protease inhibitors and highlights the prospect of the medicinal use of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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118
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Friedrich MJ, Schmolders J, Rommelspacher Y, Strauss A, Rühl H, Mayer G, Oldenburg J, Wirtz DC, Müller J, Pötzsch B. Activity Pattern Analysis Indicates Increased but Balanced Systemic Coagulation Activity in Response to Surgical Trauma. TH OPEN 2018; 2:e350-e356. [PMID: 31249960 PMCID: PMC6524900 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1673390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the nonbleeding patient, constant low-level activation of coagulation enables a quick procoagulant response upon an injury. Conversely, local activation of coagulation might influence the systemic activity level of coagulation. To characterize this interaction in more detail, activity pattern analysis was performed in patients undergoing elective surgeries. Blood samples were taken before, during, and 24 hours after surgery from 35 patients undergoing elective minor (
n
= 18) and major (
n
= 17) orthopaedic surgeries. Plasma levels of thrombin and activated protein C (APC) were measured using oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assays, while those of prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin–antithrombin-complexes, and D-dimer were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In vitro thrombin generation kinetics were recorded using calibrated automated thrombography. Results showed that median plasma levels of up to 20 pM thrombin and of up to 12 pM APC were reached during surgery. D-dimer levels started to increase at the end of surgery and remained increased 24 hours after surgery, while all other parameters returned to baseline. Peak levels showed no significant differences between minor and major surgeries and were not influenced by the activity state at baseline. In vitro thrombin generation kinetics remained unchanged during surgery. In summary, simultaneous monitoring of the procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways of coagulation demonstrates that surgical trauma is associated with increased systemic activities of both pathways. Activity pattern analysis might be helpful to identify patients at an increased risk for thrombosis due to an imbalance between surgery-related thrombin formation and the subsequent anticoagulant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Julian Friedrich
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Schmolders
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yorck Rommelspacher
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Strauss
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Mayer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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119
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Xu J, Wu L, Yu P, Liu M, Lu Y. Effect of two recombinant Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitors on TNBS-induced experimental colitis of mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:400-413. [PMID: 30105843 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic autoimmune disease. Parasitic infections and their products have been shown to have protective effects on autoimmune diseases, including IBD. In this experiment, 96 male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided randomly into two large groups: prevention and therapy. The changes in the various indicators of colitis were detected to demonstrate that Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitors can relieve the inflammatory severity of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid solution (TNBS)-induced colitis and to explore possible immunological mechanisms. Results showed that the disease activity index (DAI) score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, macroscopic and microscopic damage degrees of colon all decreased significantly, interferon (IFN)-γ expression decreased, interleukin (IL)-4 expression increased, nuclear factor kappa B (NF)-κB expression decreased and the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+ ) regulatory T cells (Treg ) cells in the spleen. MLN increased significantly compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)/2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid solution (TNB) group. We found the same results with the T. spiralis Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors (TsKaSPI)+TNBS and TsAdSPI+TNBS groups in the large prevention group and the large therapy group, compared to the TNBS+PBS group with the TNBS+TsKaSPI and TNBS+TsAdSPI groups. Immunization with TsKaSPI and TsAdSPI on the CD models showed an intervention effect, possibly because TsKaSPI and TsAdSPI induced a T helper type 2 (Th2)-type immune response and balanced the TNBS-induced Th1-type immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - L Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - P Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - M Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Lu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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120
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Noji M, So M, Yamaguchi K, Hojo H, Onda M, Akazawa-Ogawa Y, Hagihara Y, Goto Y. Heat-Induced Aggregation of Hen Ovalbumin Suggests a Key Factor Responsible for Serpin Polymerization. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5415-5426. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Noji
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masatomo So
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maki Onda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka Ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Yoko Akazawa-Ogawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hagihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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121
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Liu Y, Hou F, Qian Z, Liu X. Functional characterization of the clade B serine protease inhibitor SerpinB3 in the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 85:10-17. [PMID: 29550271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The clade B serpins contain predominantly intracellular proteins and were reported to be involved in multiple biological functions, especially in inflammation and immune system function. However, studies about the role of the invertebrate intracellular serpins in immune responses were still deficient. Therefore, this paper focused on the functional characterization of LvserpinB3 in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The pAc5.1-LvserpinB3-EGFP vector was transfected into Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells to analyze the subcellular localization of LvserpinB3, and fluorescent imaging showed that LvserpinB3 were mainly localized to the mitochondria. Knockdown LvserpinB3 significantly increased the mRNA expression of LvSpätzle4 (LvSpz4) and LvPenaeidin4 (LvPen4) upon Vibrio anguillarum infection. Moreover, GST-Pull down analysis showed that LvserpinB3 could interact with serine protease 1 (LvSP1). The recombinant LvserpinB3 (rLvserpinB3) protein exhibited inhibitory roles on the proteolytic activity of trypsin, whereas, mutation at the P1 residue led to the disfunction of the inhibitor. Furthermore, the LvserpinB3 and trypsin mixture were incubated with Anti-SERPINB3 antibodies, and a peptide band with an apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa were detected by western blot analysis. These findings might be valuable in understanding the potential role for LvserpinB3 in inhibiting the target proteases during shrimp immune defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Fujun Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaoying Qian
- School of Resource & Environmental Management, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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122
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Basson MD, Wang Q, Chaturvedi LS, More S, Vomhof-DeKrey EE, Al-Marsoummi S, Sun K, Kuhn LA, Kovalenko P, Kiupel M. Schlafen 12 Interaction with SerpinB12 and Deubiquitylases Drives Human Enterocyte Differentiation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 48:1274-1290. [PMID: 30045019 PMCID: PMC6123821 DOI: 10.1159/000492019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Human enterocytic differentiation is altered during development, fasting, adaptation, and bariatric surgery, but its intracellular control remains unclear. We hypothesized that Schlafen 12 (SLFN12) regulates enterocyte differentiation. METHODS We used laser capture dissection of epithelium, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate SLFN12 expression in biopsies of control and fasting human duodenal mucosa, and viral overexpression and siRNA to trace the SLFN12 pathway in human Caco-2 and HIEC6 intestinal epithelial cells. RESULTS Fasting human duodenal mucosa expressed less SLFN12 mRNA and protein, accompanied by decreases in enterocytic markers like sucrase-isomaltase. SLFN12 overexpression increased Caco-2 sucrase-isomaltase promoter activity, mRNA, and protein independently of proliferation, and activated the SLFN12 putative promoter. SLFN12 coprecipitated Serpin B12 (SERPB12). An inactivating SLFN12 point mutation prevented both SERPB12 binding and sucrase-isomaltase induction. SERPB12 overexpression also induced sucrase-isomaltase, while reducing SERPB12 prevented the SLFN12 effect on sucrase-isomaltase. Sucrase-isomaltase induction by both SLFN12 and SERPB12 was attenuated by reducing UCHL5 or USP14, and blocked by reducing both. SERPB12 stimulated USP14 but not UCHL5 activity. SERPB12 coprecipitated USP14 but not UCHL5. Moreover, SLFN12 increased protein levels of the sucrase-isomaltase-promoter-binding transcription factor cdx2 without altering Cdx2 mRNA. This was prevented by reducing UCHL5 and USP14. We further validated this pathway in vitro and in vivo. SLFN12 or SERPB12 overexpression induced sucrase-isomaltase in human non-malignant HIEC-6 enterocytes. CONCLUSIONS SLFN12 regulates human enterocytic differentiation by a pathway involving SERPB12, the deubiquitylases, and Cdx2. This pathway may be targeted to manipulate human enterocytic differentiation in mucosal atrophy, short gut or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Basson
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Chaturvedi
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Currently at Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences-College of Pharmacy, Departments of Basic Sciences and Surgery-College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shyam More
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emilie E Vomhof-DeKrey
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarmad Al-Marsoummi
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelian Sun
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leslie A Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colleges of National Science, Human Medicine, Osteopathic Medicine and Engineering, Michigan State University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pavlo Kovalenko
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Currently at Sarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
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123
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Pryzdial ELG, Lee FMH, Lin BH, Carter RLR, Tegegn TZ, Belletrutti MJ. Blood coagulation dissected. Transfus Apher Sci 2018; 57:449-457. [PMID: 30049564 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hemostasis is the physiological control of bleeding and is initiated by subendothelial exposure. Platelets form the primary vascular seal in three stages (localization, stimulation and aggregation), which are triggered by specific interactions between platelet surface receptors and constituents of the subendothelial matrix. As a secondary hemostatic plug, fibrin clot formation is initiated and feedback-amplified to advance the seal and stabilize platelet aggregates comprising the primary plug. Once blood leakage has been halted, the fibrinolytic pathway is initiated to dissolve the clot and restore normal blood flow. Constitutive and induced anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic pathways create a physiological balance between too much and too little clot production. Hemostatic imbalance is a major burden to global healthcare, resulting in thrombosis or hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L G Pryzdial
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Frank M H Lee
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bryan H Lin
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rolinda L R Carter
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tseday Z Tegegn
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark J Belletrutti
- Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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124
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Honkova K, Rossnerova A, Pavlikova J, Svecova V, Klema J, Topinka J, Milcova A, Libalova H, Choi H, Veleminsky M, Sram RJ, Rossner P. Gene expression profiling in healthy newborns from diverse localities of the Czech Republic. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:401-415. [PMID: 29602183 DOI: 10.1002/em.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. Gene expression changes in newborns in relation to air pollution have not been sufficiently studied. We analyzed whole genome expression in cord blood leukocytes of 202 newborns from diverse localities of the Czech Republic, differing among other factors in levels of air pollution: the district of Karvina (characterized by higher concentration of air pollutants) and Ceske Budejovice (lower air pollution levels). We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in relation to locality and concentration of air pollutants. We applied the linear model to identify the specific DEGs and the correlation analysis, to investigate the relationship between the concentrations of air pollutants and gene expression data. An analysis of biochemical pathways and gene set enrichment was also performed. In general, we observed modest changes of gene expression, mostly attributed to the effect of the locality. The highest number of DEGs was found in samples from the district of Karvina. A pathway analysis revealed a deregulation of processes associated with cell growth, apoptosis or cellular homeostasis, immune response-related processes or oxidative stress response. The association between concentrations of air pollutants and gene expression changes was weak, particularly for samples collected in Karvina. In summary, as we did not find a direct effect of exposure to air pollutants, we assume that the general differences in the environment, rather than actual concentrations of individual pollutants, represent a key factor affecting gene expression changes at delivery. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:401-415, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Honkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Pavlikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Svecova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klema
- Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Milcova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Libalova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hyunok Choi
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Milos Veleminsky
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radim J Sram
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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125
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The Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Citrullinome. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:691-704.e6. [PMID: 29628436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased protein citrullination is linked to various diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus, and cancer. Citrullinated autoantigens, a hallmark of RA, are recognized by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) which are used to diagnose RA. ACPA-recognizing citrullinated enolase, vimentin, keratin, and filaggrin are also pathogenic. Here, we used a chemoproteomic approach to define the RA-associated citrullinome. The identified proteins include numerous serine protease inhibitors (Serpins), proteases and metabolic enzymes. We demonstrate that citrullination of antiplasmin, antithrombin, t-PAI, and C1 inhibitor (P1-Arg-containing Serpins) abolishes their ability to inhibit their cognate proteases. Citrullination of nicotinamide N-methyl transferase (NNMT) also abolished its methyltransferase activity. Overall, these data advance our understanding of the roles of citrullination in RA and suggest that extracellular protein arginine deiminase (PAD) activity can modulate protease activity with consequent effects on Serpin-regulated pathways. Moreover, our data suggest that inhibition of extracellular PAD activity will be therapeutically relevant.
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126
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Wilkinson DJ, Arques MDC, Huesa C, Rowan AD. Serine proteinases in the turnover of the cartilage extracellular matrix in the joint: implications for therapeutics. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:38-51. [PMID: 29473950 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage destruction is a key characteristic of arthritic disease, a process now widely established to be mediated by metzincins such as MMPs. Despite showing promise in preclinical trials during the 1990s, MMP inhibitors for the blockade of extracellular matrix turnover in the treatment of cancer and arthritis failed clinically, primarily due to poor selectivity for target MMPs. In recent years, roles for serine proteinases in the proteolytic cascades leading to cartilage destruction have become increasingly apparent, renewing interest in the potential for new therapeutic strategies that utilize pharmacological inhibitors against this class of proteinases. Herein, we describe key serine proteinases with likely importance in arthritic disease and highlight recent advances in this field. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Translating the Matrix. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wilkinson
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria Del Carmen Arques
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carmen Huesa
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Andrew D Rowan
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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127
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Maffía PC, Guerrieri D, Villalonga X, Caro F, Gómez S, Tateosian N, Bogado BP, Sánchez ML, Ambrosi N, Chuluyan E. Cementoin-SLPI fusion protein binds to human monocytes and epithelial cells and shows higher biological activity than SLPI. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5332. [PMID: 29593284 PMCID: PMC5871749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor (SLPI) is an antiinflammatory peptide that blocks the activity of serine proteases, primarily the neutrophil elastase. In an attempt to direct the activity of SLPI on inflamed sites, a chimera consisting of the transglutaminase II substrate domain of trappin 2 (cementoin), and the mature SLPI protein was constructed. Cell attachment and biological activity were compared between SLPI and this chimera. By using whole cell ELISA, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assays we observed that the cementoin-SLPI fusion protein (FP) but not SLPI attached to a human lung epithelial cell line and monocytes. A maximum attachment was achieved 15 min after FP was added to the cell cultures. In an elastase activity assay, we observed that FP retained its antiprotease activity and that at equimolar amount of proteins, FP was more efficient than SLPI in the inhibition. Both, FP and SLPI inhibits IL-2-induced lymphocyte proliferation, however, lower amounts of FP were required to achieve this inhibition. Furthermore, FP binds to mycobacteria and maintained the bactericidal activity observed for SLPI. Overall, these results show that this new chimera is able to attach to the cell surfaces retaining and improving some biological activities described for SLPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C Maffía
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Guerrieri
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-CONICET (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena Villalonga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Caro
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-CONICET (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Gómez
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Dpto. Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Tateosian
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-CONICET (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betiana P Bogado
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes L Sánchez
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-CONICET (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nella Ambrosi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-CONICET (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Chuluyan
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos-CONICET (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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128
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Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating chronic, progressive and irreversible disease that remains refractory to current therapies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), have been implicated in the development of pulmonary fibrosis since decades. Coagulation signalling deregulation, which influences several key inflammatory and fibro-proliferative responses, is also essential in IPF pathogenesis, and a growing body of evidence indicates that Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs) inhibition in IPF may be promising for future evaluation. Therefore, proteases and anti-proteases aroused great biomedical interest over the past years, owing to the identification of their potential roles in lung fibrosis. During these last decades, numerous other proteases and anti-proteases have been studied in lung fibrosis, such as matriptase, Human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT), Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA)/HGFA activator inhibitor (HAI) system, Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, Protease nexine (PN)-1, cathepsins, calpains, and cystatin C. Herein, we provide a general overview of the proteases and anti-proteases unbalance during lung fibrogenesis and explore potential therapeutics for IPF.
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129
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Bakshi M, Kim TK, Mulenga A. Disruption of blood meal-responsive serpins prevents Ixodes scapularis from feeding to repletion. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:506-518. [PMID: 29396196 PMCID: PMC5857477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are thought to mediate the tick's evasion of the host's serine protease-mediated defense pathways such as inflammation and blood clotting. This study describes characterization and target validation of 11 blood meal-responsive serpins that are associated with nymph and adult Ixodes scapularis tick feeding as revealed by quantitative (q)RT-PCR and RNAi silencing analyses. Given the high number of targets, we used combinatorial (co) RNAi silencing to disrupt candidate serpins in two groups (G): seven highly identical and four non-identical serpins based on amino acid identities, here after called GI and GII respectively. We show that injection of both GI and GII co-dsRNA into unfed nymph and adult I. scapularis ticks triggered suppression of cognate serpin mRNA. We show that disruption of GII, but not GI serpins significantly reduced feeding efficiency of both nymph and adult I. scapularis ticks. Knockdown of GII serpin transcripts caused significant respective mortalities of ≤40 and 71% of nymphal and adult ticks that occurred within 24-48 h of attachment. This is significant, as the observed lethality preceded the tick feeding period when transmission of tick borne pathogens is predominant. We suspect that some of the GII serpins (S9, S17, S19 and S32) play roles in the tick detachment process in that upon detachment, mouthparts of GII co-dsRNA injected were covered with a whitish gel-like tissue that could be the tick cement cone. Normally, ticks do not retain tissue on their mouthparts upon detachment. Furthermore, disruption of GII serpins reduced tick blood meal sizes and the adult tick's ability to convert the blood meal to eggs. We discuss our data with reference to tick feeding physiology and conclude that some of the GII serpins are potential targets for anti-tick vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Bakshi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 422 Raymond Stotzer, TAMU 4467, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tae Kwon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 422 Raymond Stotzer, TAMU 4467, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Albert Mulenga
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 422 Raymond Stotzer, TAMU 4467, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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130
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Discovery of anti-viral molecules and their vital functions in Bombyx mori. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 154:12-18. [PMID: 29453967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori (B. mori), a lepidopteran model organism, has become an important model for molecular biology researches with its genome completely sequenced. Silkworms confront different types of virus diseases, mainly including those caused by Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), Bombyx mori densovirus type 1 (BmDNV-1), Bombyx mori bidesovirus (BmBDV) which was termed as Bombyx mori densovirus type 2 (BmDNV-2) or Bombyx mori parvo-like virus (BmPLV) before in sericulture. B. mori offers excellent models to study the molecular mechanisms of insect innate immune responses to viruses. A variety of molecules and pathways have been identified to be involved in the immune responses in the silkworm to viruses, such as the antimicrobial peptides, prophenoloxidase-activating system, apoptosis, ROS, small RNA and related molecules. Here in this review, we summarize the current research advances in molecules involved in silkworm anti-virus pathways. Moreover, taking BmNPV as an example, we proposed a schematic model of molecules and pathways involved in silkworm immune responses against virus infection. We hope this review can facilitate further study of antiviral mechanisms in silkworm, and provide a reference for virus diseases in other organisms.
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131
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Mahon BP, Ambadapadi S, Yaron JR, Lomelino CL, Pinard MA, Keinan S, Kurnikov I, Macaulay C, Zhang L, Reeves W, McFadden G, Tibbetts S, McKenna R, Lucas AR. Crystal Structure of Cleaved Serp-1, a Myxomavirus-Derived Immune Modulating Serpin: Structural Design of Serpin Reactive Center Loop Peptides with Improved Therapeutic Function. Biochemistry 2018; 57:1096-1107. [PMID: 29227673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Myxomavirus-derived protein Serp-1 has potent anti-inflammatory activity in models of vasculitis, lupus, viral sepsis, and transplant. Serp-1 has also been tested successfully in a Phase IIa clinical trial in unstable angina, representing a "first-in-class" therapeutic. Recently, peptides derived from the reactive center loop (RCL) have been developed as stand-alone therapeutics for reducing vasculitis and improving survival in MHV68-infected mice. However, both Serp-1 and the RCL peptides lose activity in MHV68-infected mice after antibiotic suppression of intestinal microbiota. Here, we utilize a structure-guided approach to design and test a series of next-generation RCL peptides with improved therapeutic potential that is not reduced when the peptides are combined with antibiotic treatments. The crystal structure of cleaved Serp-1 was determined to 2.5 Å resolution and reveals a classical serpin structure with potential for serpin-derived RCL peptides to bind and inhibit mammalian serpins, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), anti-thrombin III (ATIII), and α-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), and target proteases. Using in silico modeling of the Serp-1 RCL peptide, S-7, we designed several modified RCL peptides that were predicted to have stronger interactions with human serpins because of the larger number of stabilizing hydrogen bonds. Two of these peptides (MPS7-8 and -9) displayed extended activity, improving survival where activity was previously lost in antibiotic-treated MHV68-infected mice (P < 0.0001). Mass spectrometry and kinetic assays suggest interaction of the peptides with ATIII, A1AT, and target proteases in mouse and human plasma. In summary, we present the next step toward the development of a promising new class of anti-inflammatory serpin-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Mahon
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610-0277, United States
| | - Sriram Ambadapadi
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610-0277, United States
| | | | - Carrie L Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610-0277, United States
| | - Melissa A Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610-0277, United States
| | - Shahar Keinan
- Cloud Pharmaceuticals , 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Igor Kurnikov
- Cloud Pharmaceuticals , 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | | | - Westley Reeves
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610-0277, United States
| | | | | | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610-0277, United States
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610-0277, United States.,Saint Joseph's Hospital, Dignity Health , Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
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132
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Kausar S, Abbas MN, Qian C, Zhu B, Gao J, Sun Y, Wang L, Wei G, Liu C. Role of Antheraea pernyi serpin 12 in prophenoloxidase activation and immune responses. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 97:e21435. [PMID: 29193264 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors play a key role in the immune system of invertebrates by controlling proteolytic cascades. Besides its importance, the knowledge on immune functions of serpins in most of insects is fragmentary. In the present study, we identified serpin-12 from Antheraea pernyi encoding a predicted 402 amino acid residue protein (Apserpin-12). We expressed the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and the purified protein was used for the synthesis of rabbit anti-Apserpin-12 polyclonal antibodies and functional studies. Quantitative real-time ploymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the knock-down of Apserpin-12 enhanced the prophenoloxidase (PPO) cascade stimulated by Micrococcus luteus in hemolymph, whereas addition of recombinant Apserpin-12 protein along with same elicitor led to down-regulate PPO activation. Following different microbial challenge (E. coli, Beauveria bassiana, M. Luteus, and nuclear polyhedrosis virus), the expression of Apserpin-12 mRNA was induced significantly. Furthermore, the Apserpin-12 double-stranded RNA administration elicited the expression of antimicrobial peptides, while the treatment with recombinant protein suppressed their expression. Tissue profile of Apserpin-12 indicated that it is expressed in all examined tissues, that is, hemolymph, malpighian tubules, midgut, silk gland, integument, and fat body with variation in their transcript levels. We concluded that Apserpin-12 may regulate PPO activation and inhibit the production of antimicrobial peptides in A. pernyi, suggesting important role in its immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Kausar
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Cen Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Baojian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoliang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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133
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Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors are ubiquitous regulators for a multitude of pathways in humans. The serpins represent an ancient pathway now known to be present in all kingdoms and often regulating central pathways for clotting, immunity, and even cancer in man. Serpins have been present from the time of the dinosaurs and can represent a large proportion of circulating blood proteins. With this introductory chapter, we present an overview of serpins as well as an introduction and overview of the chapters describing the methodology used in the new approaches to understanding their molecular mechanisms of action and their roles in health and disease.
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134
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Anti-Inflammatory Treatment. Coron Artery Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811908-2.00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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135
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de Souza LR, Scott BM, Bhakta V, Donkor DA, Perruzza DL, Sheffield WP. Serpin Phage Display: The Use of a T7 System to Probe Reactive Center Loop Libraries with Different Serine Proteinases. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1826:41-64. [PMID: 30194592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8645-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phage display is a protein engineering approach that involves construction of libraries of variant proteins displayed on the surface of bacteriophage as capsid fusion proteins and their screening for binding and inhibitory function through the use of bait proteins. Recently, we adapted a commercially available T7 phage display system to create phage-displayed serpin libraries hypervariable in up to five positions in their reactive center loop (RCL). The RCL is a key determinant in serpin specificity, the relationship between the structure of a given serpin and which target proteinase(s) it inhibits. In this chapter, we describe protocols to assess the feasibility of this method for different serpin/proteinase combinations and share experience with this technology gathered in the course of studying two serpins and multiple proteinases with this powerful iterative screening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R de Souza
- Centre for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Benjamin M Scott
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Varsha Bhakta
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David A Donkor
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, HSC 4N66, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - William P Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, HSC 4N66, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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136
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Arantes PR, Pérez-Sánchez H, Verli H. Antithrombin conformational modulation by D-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate (TMI), a novel scaffold for the development of antithrombotic agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:4045-4056. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1407259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ricardo Arantes
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15005, Porto Alegre 91500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Hugo Verli
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15005, Porto Alegre 91500-970, RS, Brazil
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137
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Nallagangula KS, Shashidhar K, Lakshmaiah V, Muninarayana C. Cirrhosis of liver: Interference of serpins in quantification of SERPINA4 - A preliminary study. Pract Lab Med 2017; 9:53-57. [PMID: 29159256 PMCID: PMC5683666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis of liver is a pathological condition, wherein functions of liver are impaired by chronic liver exploitations. Due to decrease in synthetic capacity, expressions of plasma proteins tend to decrease in blood stream. Serpins (Serine protease inhibitors) are class of plasma proteins expressed from liver with structural similarities and diverse functions. SERPINA4 (Kallistatin) is a multifunctional serpin clade A protein expressed from liver and concentration in serum is the reflection of extent of liver dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To identify interference of other serpins by immunological cross reactivity with SERPINA4 in cirrhotic liver and healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from 20 subjects (10 cirrhotic liver, 10 healthy) from R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar, Karnataka, India. Separation of proteins was carried out by SDS-PAGE. Cross reactivity study was analyzed using western blot. RESULTS Proteins present in cirrhotic liver and healthy subject's serum were separated by SDS PAGE. There was no band detection on both (cirrhotic liver and healthy) PVDF (polyvinylidene diflouride) membranes. However, a significant band was observed with recombinant kallistatin. CONCLUSION Structurally similar serpins with minor amino acid sequence similarities did not show any immunological cross reactivity with SERPINA4 due to non identical epitope in cirrhotic liver and healthy subjects. Present study revealed that there is no interference of serpins for immunological reactions in quantitative estimation of kallistatin which needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K.N. Shashidhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
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Kausar S, Abbas MN, Qian C, Zhu B, Sun Y, Sun Y, Wang L, Wei G, Maqsood I, Liu CL. Serpin-14 negatively regulates prophenoloxidase activation and expression of antimicrobial peptides in Chinese oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:45-55. [PMID: 28545959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding proteins of serpins superfamily are widely distributed in invertebrates. In insects, serpins play important roles in regulating immune responses and other physiological processes. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of cDNA of Apserpin-14 from Chinese oak silkworm (Antheraea pernyi). The Apserpin-14 gene contains 1206 bp open reading frame, encoding a predicted 401 amino acid residue protein. We expressed the recombinant Apserpin-14 protein in Escherichia coli and then purified protein was used to prepare rabbit anti-Apserpin-14 polyclonal antibodies. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA level of Apserpin-14 was highest in the fat body, whereas, among developmental stages the 5th instar and pupal stage showed greatest expression. Furthermore, Escherichia coli, Beauveria bassiana, Micrococcus luteus and nuclear polyhedrosis virus challenge enhanced Apserpin-14 transcript in both the fat body and hemocyte. Recombinant Apserpin-14 added to hemolymph inhibited spontaneous melanization and suppressed prophenoloxidase activation stimulated by M. luteus, but did not affect phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Injection of recombinant Apserpin-14 protein into A. pernyi larvae significantly reduced the transcript levels of antimicrobial peptides in the fat body, while its depletion by double stranded RNA enhanced their expression. We concluded that Apserpin-14 likely involved in regulation of proPO activation and production of antimicrobial peptides, implying its important role in the innate immune system of A. pernyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Kausar
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | | | - Cen Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Baojian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Guoqing Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Iram Maqsood
- College of Wildlife Resources, Department of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Forestry University Harbin, China.
| | - Chao-Liang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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139
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Chung HS, Kim JS, Lee SM, Park SJ. Role of the P2 residue of human alpha 1-antitrypsin in determining target protease specificity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185074. [PMID: 28922398 PMCID: PMC5602671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a serine protease inhibitor that mainly inhibits neutrophil elastase in the lungs. A variant of A1AT at the P1 position with methionine 358 to arginine (A1AT-Pittsburgh) is a rapid inhibitor of thrombin with greatly diminished anti-elastase activity. The P2 residue (position 357) of A1AT-Pittsburgh has been shown to play an important role in interactions with thrombin and kallikrein, but the role of P2 residue in wild-type A1AT has largely been unraveled. Here, we investigated the effects of P2 proline substitutions in wild-type A1AT on interactions with porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE). The mutant A1AT proteins (P357A, P357D, P357K, P357L, P357N, P357S, and P357W) were less efficient than the wild-type A1AT at inhibiting PPE and HNE. Among the mutants, P357D did not form a complex with PPE, whereas P357L, P357N, and P357W showed significantly reduced complex formation with PPE. Surprisingly, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that P357D had two cleavage sites after the P9 alanine and the P3 isoleucine residues. Our results indicate that the size and negative charge of the R group of the P2 residue influence the interaction with elastases. Specifically, the negative charge at the P2 residue is disfavored and the resulting conformational changes in the reactive center loop upon interaction with PPE lead to cleavage at new sites. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate a previously unknown role for P2 residue in determining inhibitory specificity of A1AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Shin Chung
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Soon Jae Park
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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140
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Calvo-Iglesias J, Pérez-Estévez D, González-Fernández Á. MSP22.8 is a protease inhibitor-like protein involved in shell mineralization in the edible mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1539-1556. [PMID: 28979842 PMCID: PMC5623705 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mussel shell protein 22.8 (MSP22.8) is recognized by a monoclonal antibody (M22.8) directed against larvae of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. After being secreted by cells of the mantle-edge epithelium into the extrapallial (EP) space (the gap between the mantle and the shell), the protein is detected in the extrapallial fluid (EPF) and EP hemocytes and finally becomes part of the shell matrix framework in adult specimens of M. galloprovincialis. In the work described here, we show how MSP22.8 is detected in EPF samples from different species of mussels (M. galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis, and Xenostrobus securis), and also as a shell matrix protein in M. galloprovincialis, Mytilus chilensis, and Perna canaliculus. A multistep purification strategy was employed to isolate the protein from the EPF, which was then analyzed by mass spectrometry in order to identify it. The results indicate that MSP22.8 is a serpin-like protein that has great similarity with the protease inhibitor-like protein-B1, reported previously for Mytilus coruscus. We suggest that MSP22.8 is part of a system offering protection from proteolysis during biomineralization and is also part of the innate immune system in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Calvo-Iglesias
- Immunology Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) Centro Singular de investigación de Galicia Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) University of Vigo Pontevedra Spain
| | | | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) Centro Singular de investigación de Galicia Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) University of Vigo Pontevedra Spain
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141
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Ishikawa Y, Holden P, Bächinger HP. Heat shock protein 47 and 65-kDa FK506-binding protein weakly but synergistically interact during collagen folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17216-17224. [PMID: 28860186 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.802298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the extracellular matrix in humans and is critical to the integrity and function of many musculoskeletal tissues. A molecular ensemble comprising more than 20 molecules is involved in collagen biosynthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Two proteins, heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47/SERPINH1) and 65-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP65/FKBP10), have been shown to play important roles in this ensemble. In humans, autosomal recessive mutations in both genes cause similar osteogenesis imperfecta phenotypes. Whereas it has been proposed that Hsp47 and FKBP65 interact in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, there is neither clear evidence for this interaction nor any data regarding their binding affinities for each other. In this study using purified endogenous proteins, we examined the interaction between Hsp47, FKBP65, and collagen and also determined their binding affinities and functions in vitro Hsp47 and FKBP65 show a direct but weak interaction, and FKBP65 prefers to interact with Hsp47 rather than type I collagen. Our results suggest that a weak interaction between Hsp47 and FKBP65 confers mutual molecular stability and also allows for a synergistic effect during collagen folding. We also propose that Hsp47 likely acts as a hub molecule during collagen folding and secretion by directing other molecules to reach their target sites on collagens. Our findings may explain why osteogenesis imperfecta-causing mutations in both genes result in similar phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University and Shriners Hospital for Children, Research Department, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Paul Holden
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University and Shriners Hospital for Children, Research Department, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Hans Peter Bächinger
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University and Shriners Hospital for Children, Research Department, Portland, Oregon 97239
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142
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Walter A, Bechsgaard J, Scavenius C, Dyrlund TS, Sanggaard KW, Enghild JJ, Bilde T. Characterisation of protein families in spider digestive fluids and their role in extra-oral digestion. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:600. [PMID: 28797246 PMCID: PMC5553785 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiders are predaceous arthropods that are capable of subduing and consuming relatively large prey items compared to their own body size. For this purpose, spiders have evolved potent venoms to immobilise prey and digestive fluids that break down nutrients inside the prey's body by means of extra-oral digestion (EOD). Both secretions contain an array of active proteins, and an overlap of some components has been anecdotally reported, but not quantified. We systematically investigated the extent of such protein overlap. As venom injection and EOD succeed each other, we further infer functional explanations, and, by comparing two spider species belonging to different clades, assess its adaptive significance for spider EOD in general. RESULTS We describe the protein composition of the digestive fluids of the mygalomorph Acanthoscurria geniculata and the araneomorph Stegodyphus mimosarum, in comparison with previously published data on a third spider species. We found a number of similar hydrolases being highly abundant in all three species. Among them, members of the family of astacin-like metalloproteases were particularly abundant. While the importance of these proteases in spider venom and digestive fluid was previously noted, we now highlight their widespread use across different spider taxa. Finally, we found species specific differences in the protein overlap between venom and digestive fluid, with the difference being significantly greater in S. mimosarum compared to A. geniculata. CONCLUSIONS The injection of venom precedes the injection with digestive fluid, and the overlap of proteins between venom and digestive fluid suggests an early involvement in EOD. Species specific differences in the overlap may reflect differences in ecology between our two study species. The protein composition of the digestive fluid of all the three species we compared is highly similar, suggesting that the cocktail of enzymes is highly conserved and adapted to spider EOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Walter
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Dyrlund
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian W Sanggaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Bilde
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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143
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Nannochloropsis oceania-derived defatted meal as an alternative to fishmeal in Atlantic salmon feeds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179907. [PMID: 28704386 PMCID: PMC5509142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defatted microalgal biomass derived from biorefinery can be potential feed ingredients for carnivorous fish. The present study investigated the growth, feed intake:gain and health parameters in Atlantic salmon fed for 84 days with defatted Nannochloropsis oceania as a fishmeal replacer. Fish fed feeds containing the algal biomass (at 10 and 20% inclusion, alga groups) were compared with groups that consumed alga-devoid feeds (control group). The fish that received 20% alga tended to have reduced weight gain and specific growth rate. Condition factor, feed conversion ratio and feed intake of this fish group were significantly different when compared with the control group. Hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices, whole body and fillet proximate composition were not affected by the dietary treatments. Digestibility of dry matter, protein, lipid, ash and energy, as well as retention of lipid and energy of the fish that received feed with 20% alga meal were also significantly different from those of the control group. Serum superoxide dismutase activity of the 10% alga-fed fish was significantly higher compared with the control fish. Although alga feeding did not cause any distal intestinal inflammation, the intestinal proteins that were altered upon feeding 20% algal meal might be pointing to systemic physiological disturbances. In conclusion, feeds with 20% alga had a negative effect on feed intake, FCR, lipid and energy retention and health of the fish. The defatted Nannochloropsis oceania can be used at modest inclusion levels, around 10%, without negative effects on the performance of Atlantic salmon.
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144
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Liu Y, Hou F, Liu X. Characterization and expression analysis of serpinB3, the first clade B serine protease inhibitor in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 72:103-111. [PMID: 28238878 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, about nine serpin clades (A-I) were preferentially observed in higher animals and clustered on the basis of function. Of these, eight clades contain extracellular proteins, while clade B contains predominantly intracellular proteins. In the present study, the first clade B serpin (named LvserpinB3) was identified from the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. LvserpinB3 encoded a 412-amino acid protein with a 19-amino acid signal peptide and a serpin domain. Moreover, a transmembrane helix (TMHs) was predicted to be located on the N-terminal of LvserpinB3. Alignment with the cDNA sequence indicated that the genomic LvserpinB3 gene contains 2 exons and 1 intron. The P1-P1' scissile bond of the core feature reactive center loop (RCL) represented for Arginine-Isoleucine (RI), which was in accordance with PmserpinB3, Msserpin-4, -5 and -7. The highest mRNA expression level of LvserpinB3 was detected in hepatopancreas. A significant decrease of LvserpinB3 was detected in hepatopancreas at 6 h post Vibrio anguillarum injection, and later on, the expression of LvserpinB3 was remarkably elevated at 24 h post bacterial challenge. Suppression of LvserpinB3 in vivo by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mediated RNA interference (RNAi) led to a significant increase in the transcripts of LvSP1 (Serine protease 1), LvPPAE2 (Prophenoloxidase-activating Enzyme 2) and cumulative mortality. Furthermore, rLvserpinB3 protein was expressed and purified in vitro for the prophenoloxidase inhibition assay. The rLvserpinB3 protein can strongly impede the extent of proPO cascade. All above imply that LvserpinB3 might be an inhibitor for prophenoloxidase-activating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fujun Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Yangling 712100, China.
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145
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Goulas T, Ksiazek M, Garcia-Ferrer I, Sochaj-Gregorczyk AM, Waligorska I, Wasylewski M, Potempa J, Gomis-Rüth FX. A structure-derived snap-trap mechanism of a multispecific serpin from the dysbiotic human oral microbiome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10883-10898. [PMID: 28512127 PMCID: PMC5491774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enduring host-microbiome relationships are based on adaptive strategies within a particular ecological niche. Tannerella forsythia is a dysbiotic member of the human oral microbiome that inhabits periodontal pockets and contributes to chronic periodontitis. To counteract endopeptidases from the host or microbial competitors, T. forsythia possesses a serpin-type proteinase inhibitor called miropin. Although serpins from animals, plants, and viruses have been widely studied, those from prokaryotes have received only limited attention. Here we show that miropin uses the serpin-type suicidal mechanism. We found that, similar to a snap trap, the protein transits from a metastable native form to a relaxed triggered or induced form after cleavage of a reactive-site target bond in an exposed reactive-center loop. The prey peptidase becomes covalently attached to the inhibitor, is dragged 75 Å apart, and is irreversibly inhibited. This coincides with a large conformational rearrangement of miropin, which inserts the segment upstream of the cleavage site as an extra β-strand in a central β-sheet. Standard serpins possess a single target bond and inhibit selected endopeptidases of particular specificity and class. In contrast, miropin uniquely blocked many serine and cysteine endopeptidases of disparate architecture and substrate specificity owing to several potential target bonds within the reactive-center loop and to plasticity in accommodating extra β-strands of variable length. Phylogenetic studies revealed a patchy distribution of bacterial serpins incompatible with a vertical descent model. This finding suggests that miropin was acquired from the host through horizontal gene transfer, perhaps facilitated by the long and intimate association of T. forsythia with the human gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Goulas
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
- the Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Irene Garcia-Ferrer
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicja M Sochaj-Gregorczyk
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
- the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland, and
| | - Irena Waligorska
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
| | - Marcin Wasylewski
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
| | - Jan Potempa
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
- the Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - F Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
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146
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Blisnick AA, Foulon T, Bonnet SI. Serine Protease Inhibitors in Ticks: An Overview of Their Role in Tick Biology and Tick-Borne Pathogen Transmission. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:199. [PMID: 28589099 PMCID: PMC5438962 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New tick and tick-borne pathogen control approaches that are both environmentally sustainable and which provide broad protection are urgently needed. Their development, however, will rely on a greater understanding of tick biology, tick-pathogen, and tick-host interactions. The recent advances in new generation technologies to study genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes has resulted in a plethora of tick biomacromolecular studies. Among these, many enzyme inhibitors have been described, notably serine protease inhibitors (SPIs), whose importance in various tick biological processes is only just beginning to be fully appreciated. Among the multiple active substances secreted during tick feeding, SPIs have been shown to be directly involved in regulation of inflammation, blood clotting, wound healing, vasoconstriction and the modulation of host defense mechanisms. In light of these activities, several SPIs were examined and were experimentally confirmed to facilitate tick pathogen transmission. In addition, to prevent coagulation of the ingested blood meal within the tick alimentary canal, SPIs are also involved in blood digestion and nutrient extraction from the meal. The presence of SPIs in tick hemocytes and their involvement in tick innate immune defenses have also been demonstrated, as well as their implication in hemolymph coagulation and egg development. Considering the involvement of SPIs in multiple crucial aspects of tick-host-pathogen interactions, as well as in various aspects of the tick parasitic lifestyle, these molecules represent highly suitable and attractive targets for the development of effective tick control strategies. Here we review the current knowledge regarding this class of inhibitors in tick biology and tick-borne pathogen transmission, and their potential as targets for future tick control trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Foulon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biogenèse des Signaux Peptidiques, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06Paris, France
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147
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Mallik S, Kundu S. Coevolutionary constraints in the sequence-space of macromolecular complexes reflect their self-assembly pathways. Proteins 2017; 85:1183-1189. [PMID: 28342228 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Is the order in which biomolecular subunits self-assemble into functional macromolecular complexes imprinted in their sequence-space? Here, we demonstrate that the temporal order of macromolecular complex self-assembly can be efficiently captured using the landscape of residue-level coevolutionary constraints. This predictive power of coevolutionary constraints is irrespective of the structural, functional, and phylogenetic classification of the complex and of the stoichiometry and quaternary arrangement of the constituent monomers. Combining this result with a number of structural attributes estimated from the crystal structure data, we find indications that stronger coevolutionary constraints at interfaces formed early in the assembly hierarchy probably promotes coordinated fixation of mutations that leads to high-affinity binding with higher surface area, increased surface complementarity and elevated number of molecular contacts, compared to those that form late in the assembly. Proteins 2017; 85:1183-1189. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Mallik
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Center of Excellence in Systems Biology and Biomedical Engineering (TEQIP Phase-II), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudip Kundu
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Center of Excellence in Systems Biology and Biomedical Engineering (TEQIP Phase-II), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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148
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Bernardo MM, Dzinic SH, Matta MJ, Dean I, Saker L, Sheng S. The Opportunity of Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer With Context-Sensitive Tumor Suppressor Maspin. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1639-1647. [PMID: 28262971 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To improve the precision of molecular diagnosis and to develop and guide targeted therapies of breast cancer, it is essential to determine the mechanisms that underlie the specific tumor phenotypes. To this end, the application of a snapshot of gene expression profile for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis is fundamentally challenged since the tissue-based data are derived from heterogonous cell types and are not likely to reflect the dynamics of context-dependent tumor progression and drug sensitivity. The intricate network of epithelial differentiation program can be concertedly controlled by tumor suppressor maspin, a homologue of clade B serine protease inhibitors (serpin), through its multifaceted molecular interactions in multiple subcellular localizations. Unlike most other serpins that are expressed in multiple cell types, maspin is epithelial specific and has distinct roles in luminal and myoepithelial cells. Endogenously expressed maspin has been found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and detected on the surface of cell membrane. It is also secreted free and as an exosomal cargo protein. Research in the field has led to the identification of the maspin targets and maspin-associated molecules, as well as the structural determinants of its suppressive functions. The current review discusses the possibility for maspin to serve as a cell type-specific and context-sensitive marker to improve the precision of breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. These advancements further suggest a new window of opportunity for designing novel maspin-based chemotherapeutic agents with improved anti-cancer potency. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1639-1647, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M Bernardo
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Sijana H Dzinic
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Maria J Matta
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Ivory Dean
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Lina Saker
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
| | - Shijie Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201, Michigan
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149
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de la Morena-Barrio M, Sandoval E, Llamas P, Wypasek E, Toderici M, Navarro-Fernández J, Rodríguez-Alen A, Revilla N, López-Gálvez R, Miñano A, Padilla J, de la Morena-Barrio B, Cuesta J, Corral J, Vicente V. High levels of latent antithrombin in plasma from patients with antithrombin deficiency. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:880-888. [PMID: 28229161 DOI: 10.1160/th16-11-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombin is an anticoagulant serpin that efficiently inhibits multiple procoagulant proteases. The cost for the structural flexibility required for this function is the vulnerability to mutations that impact its folding pathway. Most conformational mutations identified in serpins cause polymerisation. Only three mutations in SERPINC1 affecting two residues have been found to favour transformation to the latent conformation of antithrombin, another hyperstable non-anticoagulant form with strong antiangiogenic activity that constitutes 3 % of plasma antithrombin in healthy subjects. The analysis of latent antithrombin in 141 unrelated patients with antithrombin deficiency carrying 89 different SERPINC1 mutations identified four cases with higher levels than that of controls: p.Pro439Thr, p.Pro461Ser, p.Met283Val, and p.His401Tyr, the last also with circulating polymers. Heating of plasma at 42ºC exacerbated the transformation to the latent conformation in p.Pro439Thr and p.Pro461Ser. The conformational effect of p.Met283Val, the mutation associated with the highest levels of latent antithrombin detected in four members of a family, was verified in a recombinant model. Antithrombin deficiency in these cases should be classified as pleiotropic based on the impaired reactivity and low heparin affinity of the variant. Despite high levels of latent antithrombin (up to 80 µg/ml in p.Met283Val carriers), no vascular defects were described in carriers of these mutations. In conclusion, our study identifies new residues involved in the structural stability of antithrombin (and potentially of all serpins). High levels of endogenous latent antithrombin seem to play a minor antiangiogenic effect. Finally, pleiotropic deficiencies may be caused by mutations inducing transformation to the latent conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javier Corral
- Dr. Javier Corral, University of Murcia, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Calle Ronda de Garay s/n. Murcia 30003, Spain, Tel.: +34 968341990, Fax: +34 968261914, E-mail:
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Lin H, Lin X, Zhu J, Yu XQ, Xia X, Yao F, Yang G, You M. Characterization and expression profiling of serine protease inhibitors in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:162. [PMID: 28196471 PMCID: PMC5309989 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) have been found in all living organisms and play significant roles in digestion, development and innate immunity. In this study, we present a genome-wide identification and expression profiling of SPI genes in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), a major pest of cruciferous crops with global distribution and broad resistance to different types of insecticides. RESULTS A total of 61 potential SPI genes were identified in the P. xylostella genome, and these SPIs were classified into serpins, canonical inhibitors, and alpha-2-macroglobulins based on their modes of action. Sequence alignments showed that amino acid residues in the hinge region of known inhibitory serpins from other insect species were conserved in most P. xylostella serpins, suggesting that these P. xylostella serpins may be functionally active. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that P. xylostella inhibitory serpins were clustered with known inhibitory serpins from six other insect species. More interestingly, nine serpins were highly similar to the orthologues in Manduca sexta which have been demonstrated to participate in regulating the prophenoloxidase activation cascade, an important innate immune response in insects. Of the 61 P.xylostella SPI genes, 33 were canonical SPIs containing seven types of inhibitor domains, including Kunitz, Kazal, TIL, amfpi, Antistasin, WAP and Pacifastin. Moreover, some SPIs contained additional non-inhibitor domains, including spondin_N, reeler, and other modules, which may be involved in protein-protein interactions. Gene expression profiling showed gene-differential, stage- and sex-specific expression patterns of SPIs, suggesting that SPIs may be involved in multiple physiological processes in P. xylostella. CONCLUSIONS This is the most comprehensive investigation so far on SPI genes in P. xylostella. The characterized features and expression patterns of P. xylostella SPIs indicate that the SPI family genes may be involved in innate immunity of this species. Our findings provide valuable information for uncovering further biological roles of SPI genes in P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xijian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64110-2499, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fengluan Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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