101
|
Kaido M, Toda I, Oobayashi T, Kawashima M, Katada Y, Tsubota K. Reducing Short-Wavelength Blue Light in Dry Eye Patients with Unstable Tear Film Improves Performance on Tests of Visual Acuity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152936. [PMID: 27045760 PMCID: PMC4821556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether suppression of blue light can improve visual function in patients with short tear break up time (BUT) dry eye (DE). Methods Twenty-two patients with short BUT DE (10 men, 12 women; mean age, 32.4 ± 6.4 years; age range, 23–43 years) and 18 healthy controls (10 men, 8 women; mean age, 30.1 ± 7.4 years; age range, 20–49 years) underwent functional visual acuity (VA) examinations with and without wearing eyeglasses with 50% blue light blocked lenses. The functional VA parameters were starting VA, functional VA, and visual maintenance ratio. Results The baseline mean values (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, logMAR) of functional VA and the visual maintenance ratio were significantly worse in the DE patients than in the controls (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the baseline starting VA (P > 0.05). The DE patients had significant improvement in mean functional VA and visual maintenance ratio while wearing the glasses (P < 0.05), while there were no significant changes with and without the glasses in the control group (P > 0.05), Conclusions Protecting the eyes from short-wavelength blue light may help to ameliorate visual impairment associated with tear instability in patients with DE. This finding represents a new concept, which is that the blue light exposure might be harmful to visual function in patients with short BUT DE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minako Kaido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Wada Eye Clinic, Houjyou, Tateyama-shi, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ikuko Toda
- Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic, Kitaaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Oobayashi
- Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic, Kitaaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Katada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Zhang P, Huang C, Wang W, Wang M. Early changes in staurosporine-induced differentiated RGC-5 cells indicate cellular injury response to nonlethal blue light exposure. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 14:1093-9. [PMID: 25877548 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00456f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blue light has been previously demonstrated to induce injury of retinal cells. The cellular responses to nonlethal blue light exposure for each type of retinal cell are of particular interest but remain undetermined. Based on the doses of blue light reported in previous research to be nonlethal to retinal pigment epithelial cells, here we investigated whether and to what extent such doses of blue light are cytotoxic to staurosporine-differentiated RGC-5 cells. METHODS RGC-5 cells were differentiated for 24 hours using 200 nM staurosporine. The resulting cells were cultured and exposed to blue light at three different energy levels (1, 10, and 50 J cm(-2)). Cellular morphologies were investigated with an inverted microscope and cell viability was assessed with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by H2DCFDA. After loading of MitoTracker Green FM dye, the mitochondrial contents were analyzed using flow cytometry. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the media were also measured. The level of lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS Treatment of the cells for 24 hours with 200 nM staurosporine successfully induced the differentiation of RGC-5 cells. No morphological changes were observed in the ssdRGC-5 cells exposed to blue light at 50 J cm(-2), which was the highest energy level tested. Exposure of the ssdRGC-5 cells to this energy level of blue light did, however, decrease their numbers by approximately 72.1% compared to the numbers of such cells found after being left in the dark. Remarkably, the levels of ROS generation and mitochondrial contents were, respectively, increased to 142% and 118% of those of the control by a 10 J cm(-2) exposure of blue light. The LDH activities and MDA levels exhibited no obvious changes in the blue light-exposed ssdRGC-5 cells compared to the control cells. CONCLUSIONS In vitro nonlethal blue light exposure led to cellular damage of staurosporine-differentiated RGC-5 cells. These increases in oxidative stress and mitochondrial content were the early steps of the cellular response to the exposure of relatively low doses (10 J cm(-2)) of blue light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
LED Light Characteristics for Surgical Shadowless Lamps and Surgical Loupes. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2016; 3:e562. [PMID: 26893987 PMCID: PMC4727714 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Blue light has more energy than longer wavelength light and can penetrate the eye to reach the retina. When surgeons use magnifying loupes under intensive surgical shadowless lamps for better view of the surgical field, the total luminance is about 200 times brighter than that of typical office lighting. In this study, the effects of 2 types of shadowless lamps were compared. Moreover, the effect of various eyeglasses, which support magnifying loupes, on both the light energy and color rendering was considered. Methods: The light intensity and color rendering were measured on 3 variables: light transmittance, light intensity, and color rendering. Results: Under shadowless lamps, the light energy increased with low-magnification loupes and decreased with high-magnification loupes. Filtering eyeglasses reduced the energy, especially in conditions where the low-magnification loupe was used. The best color-rendering index values were obtained with computer eyeglasses under conventional light-emitting diode shadowless lamps and with no glass and with lightly yellow-tinted lenses under less-blue light-emitting diode. Conclusions: Microsurgeons are exposed to strong lighting throughout their career, and proper color rendering must be considered for easier recognition. Light toxicity and loss of color rendering can be reduced with an appropriate combination of shadowless lamps and colored eyeglasses.
Collapse
|
104
|
Rebec KM, Klanjšek-Gunde M, Bizjak G, Kobav MB. White LED compared with other light sources: age-dependent photobiological effects and parameters for evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2015; 21:391-8. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2015.1085163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
105
|
Preventive effect of Vaccinium uliginosum L. extract and its fractions on age-related macular degeneration and its action mechanisms. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:21-32. [PMID: 26589689 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among the elderly. Although the pathogenesis of this disease remains still obscure, several researchers have report that death of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) caused by excessive accumulation of A2E is crucial determinants of AMD. In this study, the preventive effect of Vaccinium uliginosum L. (V.U) extract and its fractions on AMD was investigated in blue light-irradiated human RPE cell (ARPE-19 cells). Blue light-induced RPE cell death was significantly inhibited by the treatment of V.U extract or its fraction. To identify the mechanism, FAB-MS analysis revealed that V.U inhibits the photooxidation of N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E) induced by blue light in cell free system. Moreover, monitoring by quantitative HPLC also revealed that V.U extract and its fractions reduced intracellular accumulation of A2E, suggesting that V.U extract and its fractions inhibit not only blue light-induced photooxidation, but also intracellular accumulation of A2E, resulting in RPE cell survival after blue light exposure. A2E-laden cell exposed to blue light induced apoptosis by increasing the cleaved form of caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2. Additionally, V.U inhibited by the treatment of V.U extract or quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside. These results suggest that V.U extract and its fractions have preventive effect on blue light-induced damage in RPE cells and AMD.
Collapse
|
106
|
RETINAL MORPHOMETRY CHANGES MEASURED WITH SPECTRAL DOMAIN-OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AFTER PAN-RETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY. Retina 2015; 36:1162-9. [PMID: 26562565 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the effects of pan-retinal laser treatment on the integrity of neurosensory retinal layers. METHODS Patients were examined with fluorescence angiography after a standardized examination for diabetic retinopathy and a peripapillary ring scan with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. A single-session pan-retinal photocoagulation was performed using the PASCAL pattern scanning argon laser applying a minimum of 1,500 spots. Optical coherence tomography was evaluated more than 6 months. RESULTS Eighteen eyes of 12 consecutive patients with new onset, treatment-naive proliferative diabetic retinopathy secondary to diabetes Type 2 were treated and retinal optical coherence tomography morphology evaluated. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness increased statistically significantly from baseline to week 1, when it reached its peak. The combined thickness of the outer plexiform and the inner nuclear layers and the combined thickness of the inner plexiform and the ganglion cell layers showed no relevant changes. The combined thickness of the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptor cell layers decreased at month 1 followed by a steady increase in thickness, which remained below baseline values over time. CONCLUSION Pan-retinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy leads to a slowly reversible, marked biological response with statistically significant morphometric changes detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Swelling of the retinal nerve fiber and outer nuclear layers induce an increase in peripapillary total retinal thickness. Simultaneously, the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium layers decrease in thickness. These changes indicate diffuse retinal inflammation after pan-retinal laser therapy.
Collapse
|
107
|
Zak PP, Serezhnikova NB, Pogodina LS, Trofimova NN, Gur'eva TS, Dadasheva OA. Photoinduced changes in subcellular structures of the retinal pigment epithelium from the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:785-9. [PMID: 26531024 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen-week-old sexually mature female Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) grown under various lighting conditions were used in the study. It was found that the number of mitochondria and phagosomes was increased by 1.5-fold in the retinal pigment epithelium from birds reared for 95 days under blue light (440-470 nm) vs. reduced blue light component conditions. Also, it was found that egg production was increased by 15% in birds reared under blue light compared to other lightning conditions. Thus, we concluded that blue light conditions resulted in elevating metabolic activity and accelerating pace of life in Japanese quails. It is assumed that the blue light-induced effects are probably due to inhibition of melatonin synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Zak
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119934, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Kessel L, Erngaard D, Flesner P, Andresen J, Tendal B, Hjortdal J. Cataract surgery and age-related macular degeneration. An evidence-based update. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:593-600. [PMID: 25601333 PMCID: PMC6680180 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract often coexist in patients and concerns that cataract surgery is associated with an increased risk of incidence or progression of existing AMD has been raised. This systematic review and meta‐analysis is focused on presenting the evidence concerning progression of AMD in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods We performed a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases. Two randomized trials and two case–control trials were identified. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, data were extracted, and meta‐analyses were performed. Quality of the available evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system. Results We found that visual acuity at 6–12 months follow‐up was significantly better (6.5–7.5 letters) in eyes that had undergone cataract surgery than in unoperated eyes, but the included number of subjects was small, and hence, the quality of evidence was downgraded to moderate. We did not find an increased risk of progression to exudative AMD 6–12 months after cataract surgery [RR 3.21 (0.14–75.68)], but the included number of subjects was small, and thus, the quality of the evidence was moderate. Conclusion Cataract surgery increases visual acuity without an increased risk of progression to exudative AMD, but further research with longer follow‐up is encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line Kessel
- Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup Glostrup Denmark
- Danish Health and Medicines Authority Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ditte Erngaard
- Department of Ophthalmology Næstved Hospital Næstved Denmark
| | | | | | - Britta Tendal
- Danish Health and Medicines Authority Copenhagen Denmark
- The Nordic Cochrane Center Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital NBG Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Ozkaya A, Alkin Z, Yilmaz I, Yazici AT. Comparison of intravitreal ranibizumab between phakic and pseudophakic neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients: Two-year results. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2015; 29:182-6. [PMID: 26155075 PMCID: PMC4487941 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective To compare the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) between phakic and pseudophakic eyes after a follow-up of two years. Materials and methods Data were analyzed retrospectively. The newly diagnosed and treatment naïve nAMD patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two subgroups: phakic group, and pseudophakic. All patients received 3 consecutive monthly IVR injections, and then the treatment was continued on an as-needed regimen. Patients were examined monthly, and the data at the baseline, at month 6, 12, 18, and 24 were evaluated. The changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and the number of injections were compared between the two groups. Results The study included 92 eyes of 87 patients (58 phakic, 34 pseudophakic). Mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (LogMAR) VA at the baseline, and at month 6, 12, 18, and 24 was 0.89, 0.74, 0.75, 0.73, and 0.75, in the phakic group; and 0.79, 0.71, 0.66, 0.70, and 0.70 in the pseudophakic group, respectively. The change in mean BCVA from the baseline to month 6, 12, 18, and 24 was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.4, p = 0.9, p = 0.5, p = 0.6, respectively). Mean injection number at month 24 was 7.9 and 8.1 in the phakic and pseudophakic group, respectively (p = 0.7). Conclusion Intravitreal ranibizumab treatment on an as-needed treatment regimen is effective in preserving vision and improving central retinal thickness in both the phakic and pseudophakic group of nAMD patients. The functional and anatomical outcomes of the treatment, and the number of injections were similar in the phakic and pseudophakic nAMD patients after a follow-up time of 24 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ozkaya
- Beyoglu Eye Research and Training Hospital, Beyoglu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Alkin
- Beyoglu Eye Research and Training Hospital, Beyoglu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Yilmaz
- Beyoglu Eye Research and Training Hospital, Beyoglu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Evidence for the Role of Blue Light in the Development of Uveal Melanoma. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:386986. [PMID: 26075084 PMCID: PMC4449937 DOI: 10.1155/2015/386986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common malignancy of the adult eye. Although it is a relatively infrequent tumor, clinical prognosis is often poor owing to a high incidence of aggressive metastatic disease, for which there are limited treatment options. Little is known about the etiology of this condition, although several risk factors have been identified. Unlike cutaneous melanoma, however, ultraviolet radiation does not figure prominently among these risk factors. In this review, we focus on an associated form of visible electromagnetic radiation, high-energy short-wave (blue) light, a causative agent in various forms of age-related retina damage, as a previously overlooked risk factor in uveal melanoma development and progression. Finally, we discuss the impact of these data on contemporary ocular therapy, particularly the debate surrounding the filtering capabilities of intraocular lenses used to replace dysfunctional crystalline lenses during cataract surgery.
Collapse
|
111
|
Nishi T, Saeki K, Obayashi K, Miyata K, Tone N, Tsujinaka H, Yamashita M, Masuda N, Mizusawa Y, Okamoto M, Hasegawa T, Maruoka S, Ueda T, Kojima M, Matsuura T, Kurumatani N, Ogata N. The effect of blue-blocking intraocular lenses on circadian biological rhythm: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (CLOCK-IOL colour study). BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007930. [PMID: 25968007 PMCID: PMC4431140 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blue light information plays an important role in synchronising internal biological rhythm within the external environment. Circadian misalignment is associated with the increased risk of sleep disturbance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, ischaemic heart disease, stroke and cancer. Meanwhile, blue light causes photochemical damage to the retina, and may be associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). At present, clear intraocular lenses (IOLs) and blue-blocking IOLs are both widely used for cataract surgery; there is currently a lack of randomised controlled trials to determine whether clear or blue-blocking IOLs should be used. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This randomised controlled trial will recruit 1000 cataract patients and randomly allocate them to receive clear IOLs or blue-blocking IOLs in a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcomes are mortality and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer and AMD. Secondary outcomes are fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness depressive symptoms, light sensitivity, the circadian rhythm of physical activity, wrist skin temperature and urinary melatonin metabolite. Primary outcomes will be followed until 20 years after surgery, and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 1 year after surgery. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Nara Medical University (No. 13-032). The findings of this study will be communicated to healthcare professionals, participants and the public through peer-reviewed publications, scientific conferences and the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) home page. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000014680.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Nishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kimie Miyata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tone
- Center for Academic Industrial and Governmental Relations, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsujinaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Mariko Yamashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Naonori Masuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Yutarou Mizusawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Taiji Hasegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Shinji Maruoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ueda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Masashi Kojima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Toyoaki Matsuura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Nahoko Ogata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine,Nara,Japan
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Kessel L, Larsen M. Action spectrum for photobleaching of human lenses by short wavelength visible irradiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123732. [PMID: 25884924 PMCID: PMC4401553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cataract is the world-leading cause of blindness. In search for a new treatment of cataract we have found that the yellow discolouration of aged human lenses can be photobleached using a non-invasive, infra-red, femtosecond laser treatment. These results were presented in an earlier PlosOne publication. The objective of the study was to characterize the single-photon photobleaching action spectrum of the aged human lens in vitro. Methods Ninety-one human donor lenses were irradiated with continuous wave laser light at 375, 405, 420, 445, 457 or 473 nm. Photobleaching was monitored by photography and transmission measurements. Results The action spectrum peaked at 420 nm followed by, in order of decreasing effect, 445, 457, 473, 405 and 375 nm. Younger and less absorbent lenses showed smaller changes than older and more absorbent lenses. There was a dose-dependent increase in lens transmission with increasing laser irradiation. Conclusions For a 75 year old lens an effect corresponding to elimination of 15 years or more of optical ageing was obtained. This study of the spectral characteristics and intensity needed to bleach the human lens with single-photon laser effects found an action-spectrum peak at 420 nm tailing gradually off toward longer wavelengths and more steeply toward shorter wavelengths. The results may be used to guide experiments with two-photon bleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line Kessel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Sloane PD, Figueiro M, Garg S, Cohen LW, Reed D, Williams CS, Preisser J, Zimmerman S. Effect of home-based light treatment on persons with dementia and their caregivers. LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND : 2001) 2015; 47:161-176. [PMID: 26273229 PMCID: PMC4530796 DOI: 10.1177/1477153513517255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are problematic for persons with dementia and their family caregivers. This randomized controlled trial with crossover evaluated the effects of an innovative blue-white light therapy on 17 pairs of home-dwelling persons with dementia and their caregivers. Subjects with dementia received blue-white light and control ('red-yellow' light) for six weeks separated by a four-week washout. Neither actigraphic nor most self-reported sleep measures significantly differed for subjects with dementia. For caregivers, both sleep and role strain improved. No evidence of retinal light toxicity was observed. Six weeks of modest doses of blue-white light appear to improve sleep in caregivers but not in persons with dementia. Greater or prolonged circadian stimulation may be needed to determine if light is an effective treatment for persons with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- PD Sloane
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Figueiro
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - LW Cohen
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D Reed
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - CS Williams
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Preisser
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Zimmerman
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in industrial countries. Vision loss caused by AMD results from geographic atrophy (dry AMD) and/or choroidal neovascularization (wet AMD). Presently, the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD is not fully understood and there is no effective treatment. Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is considered to be one of the major factors contributing to the pathogenesis of AMD. Also retinal glia, as scavengers, are deeply related with diseases and could play a role. Therefore, therapeutic approaches for microglia and Müller glia, as well as RPE, may lead to new strategies for AMD treatment. This review summarizes the pathological findings observed in RPE cells, microglia and Müller glia of AMD murine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Kim
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Wang Y, Zhang D, Liu Y, Wang D, Liu J, Ji B. The protective effects of berry-derived anthocyanins against visible light-induced damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:936-944. [PMID: 24909670 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that anthocyanins (ACNs) in berries contribute to eye health. However, information on the relationship between the chemical structures and visual functions of ACNs is scarce. This study investigated the protection effects of ACNs with different structures against visible light-induced damage in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. RESULTS Four ACNs with different aglycones, namely, pelargonidin-3-glucoside (Pg-3-glu), cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-glu), delphinidin-3-glucoside, and malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv-3-glu), were isolated from three berries (blueberry, blackberry and strawberry). Of these ACNs, Cy-3-glu exhibited the highest reactive oxygen species inhibitory capacity in RPE cells, with 40 µg mL(-1) Cy-3-glu showing a ROS clearance of 57.5% ± 4.2%. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated by Cy-3-glu and Mv-3-glu in a visible light-induced damage RPE cell model. Cy-3-glu and Pg-3-glu treatments significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the increase in β-galactosidase during the RPE cell ageing caused by visible light exposure. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the biological properties of different ACNs significantly vary. Cy-3-glu, which contains an ortho hydroxyl group in its B ring, possibly exerts multiple protective effects (antioxidant, anti-angiogenic and anti-ageing) in RPE cells. Therefore, Cy-3-glu may prove useful as a prophylactic health food for the prevention of retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Lens status influences the association between CFH polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration: findings from two population-based studies in Singapore. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119570. [PMID: 25786237 PMCID: PMC4364964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine the differential effects of genetic polymorphism in CFH and ARMS2 on risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) between phakic vs. pseudophakic/aphakic eyes. Methods 9,529 eyes of 4,918 participants from the Singapore Malay Eye Study and Singapore Indian Eye Study were analyzed. Participants had detailed eye examinations, including slit-lamp examinations and dilated fundus photography. AMD grading was performed according to the Wisconsin age-related maculopathy grading system. Lens status was defined. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs10801555 (Y402H) within CFH and rs3750847 in ARMS2 were assessed. The main outcome measure was early AMD or any AMD. Results No significant associations between the CFH Y402H genotypes and early AMD were found in phakic individuals. In contrast, among pseudophakic/aphakic individuals, the CFH Y402H risk genotypes were significantly associated with higher odds of early AMD, with an OR of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.07–2.29) for GA genotype and 2.40 (95% CI: 1.25–4.61) for AA genotype, compared to those with GG genotype. There was significant interaction between pseudophakic/aphakic status and CFH Y402H variant on risk of early AMD (p = 0.037), adjusting for age, gender, and the first 5 genetic principal components. No significant interaction was found between lens status and ARMS2 rs3750847. Conclusions CFH genetic polymorphism and pseudophakic/aphakic status may have a potential synergistic effect on early AMD, suggesting roles for the complement system and related pathways in the pathogenesis of AMD in eyes after cataract surgery.
Collapse
|
117
|
Ide T, Toda I, Miki E, Tsubota K. Effect of Blue Light-Reducing Eye Glasses on Critical Flicker Frequency. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2015; 4:80-5. [PMID: 26065349 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the effect of blocking short-wavelength light on critical flicker frequency (CFF). DESIGN This study is a prospective clinical study. METHODS Thirty-three participants (17 men and 16 women; age range, 28-39 years) were divided into 3 groups. Each group wore 1 of 3 types of lenses while performing an intensive computer task for 2 hours. To evaluate the effect of blocking short-wavelength light before and after the task, we measured the CFF and evaluated subjective questionnaires. We used the analysis of variance test to examine whether the type of lenses tested affected any of the visual fatigue-related parameters. RESULTS The type of lens worn significantly affected the CFF; however, answers to the subjective questionnaires did not differ significantly between the groups. Two of the 13 question items showed a statistical difference between lens transparency and increase in the CFF (lens 3 > lens 2 > lens 1). CONCLUSIONS The higher the blocking effect of the lens, the lower the reduction in the CFF, suggesting that blocking short-wavelength light can reduce eye fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ide
- From the *Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic; and †Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Photobiological safety of the recently introduced energy efficient household lamps. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2014; 27:1036-42. [DOI: 10.2478/s13382-014-0332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
119
|
Hori M, Shibuya K, Sato M, Saito Y. Lethal effects of short-wavelength visible light on insects. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7383. [PMID: 25488603 PMCID: PMC4260232 DOI: 10.1038/srep07383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the lethal effects of visible light on insects by using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The toxic effects of ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly shortwave (i.e., UVB and UVC) light, on organisms are well known. However, the effects of irradiation with visible light remain unclear, although shorter wavelengths are known to be more lethal. Irradiation with visible light is not thought to cause mortality in complex animals including insects. Here, however, we found that irradiation with short-wavelength visible (blue) light killed eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of Drosophila melanogaster. Blue light was also lethal to mosquitoes and flour beetles, but the effective wavelength at which mortality occurred differed among the insect species. Our findings suggest that highly toxic wavelengths of visible light are species-specific in insects, and that shorter wavelengths are not always more toxic. For some animals, such as insects, blue light is more harmful than UV light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Shibuya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsunari Sato
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshino Saito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Dai M, Liu Y, Nie X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ben J, Zhang S, Yang X, Sang A. Expression of RBMX in the light-induced damage of rat retina in vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:463-71. [PMID: 25407628 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding motif protein, X-linked (RBMX) is a 43 kDa nuclear protein in the RBM family and functions on alternative splicing of RNA. The gene encoding RBMX is located on chromosome Xq26. To investigate whether RBMX is involved in retinal neuron apoptosis, we performed a light-induced retinal damage model in adult rats. Western blotting analysis showed RBMX gradually increased, reached a peak at 12 h and then declined during the following days. The association of RBMX in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with light exposure was found by immunofluorescence staining. The injury-induced expression of RBMX was detected in active caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells. We also examined the expression profiles of active caspase-3, bcl-2 and Bax, whose changes were correlated with the expression profiles of RBMX. To summarize, we uncovered the dynamic changes of RBMX in the light-induced retinal damage model for the first time. RBMX might play a significant role in the degenerative process of RGCs after light-induced damage in the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Hammond BR, Johnson BA, George ER. Oxidative photodegradation of ocular tissues: beneficial effects of filtering and exogenous antioxidants. Exp Eye Res 2014; 129:135-50. [PMID: 25236792 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The fact that light is necessary for life is generally accepted as an axiom. The extent to which light interacts and influences human biology, however, is often not fully appreciated. Exposure to sunlight, for instance, can both promote and degrade human health. There is now general scientific consensus that, although the eye evolved to respond to light, it is also damaged by excessive exposure. Light-mediated ocular damage is involved in the pathophysiology of many common forms of blindness. The type of ocular tissue damage induced by light exposure depends on the extent of exposure and wavelength. The tissues of the lens, cornea, and retina contain specific chemical moieties that have been proven to exhibit light-mediated oxidative degradation. Proteins and lipids present in the cornea, lens, and retina, meet all of the physical requirements known to initiate the process of oxidative photodegradation upon exposure to solar radiation. As such, different mechanisms have evolved in the lens, cornea, and retina to ameliorate such light-mediated oxidative damage. It appears, however, that such mechanisms are ill-matched to handle modern conditions: namely, poor diet and longer life-spans (and the degenerative diseases that accompany them). Hence, steps must be taken to protect the eye from the damaging effects of light. Preventative measures include minimizing actinic light exposure, providing exogenous filtering (e.g., through the use of protective lenses), and enhancing antioxidant defenses (e.g., through increased dietary intake of antioxidants). These strategies may yield long-term benefits in terms of reducing oxidative photodegradation of the ocular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Billy R Hammond
- Vision Sciences Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3013, USA.
| | - Bart A Johnson
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc., 7500 Centurion Parkway, R&D 3rd Floor W3A, Jacksonville, FL 33256, USA
| | - Eric R George
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc., 7500 Centurion Parkway, R&D 3rd Floor W3A, Jacksonville, FL 33256, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Rebec KM, Gunde MK. High-performance lighting evaluated by photobiological parameters. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:5147-5153. [PMID: 25320923 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The human reception of light includes image-forming and non-image-forming effects which are triggered by spectral distribution and intensity of light. Ideal lighting is similar to daylight, which could be evaluated by spectral or chromaticity match. LED-based and CFL-based lighting were analyzed here, proposed according to spectral and chromaticity match, respectively. The photobiological effects were expressed by effectiveness for blue light hazard, cirtopic activity, and photopic vision. Good spectral match provides light with more similar effects to those obtained by the chromaticity match. The new parameters are useful for better evaluation of complex human responses caused by lighting.
Collapse
|
123
|
Haanes GG, Kirkevold M, Horgen G, Hofoss D, Eilertsen G. Sensory impairments in community health care: a descriptive study of hearing and vision among elderly Norwegians living at home. J Multidiscip Healthc 2014; 7:217-25. [PMID: 24920916 PMCID: PMC4045259 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s58461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hearing and vision impairments increase with age and are common risk factors for functional decline reduced social participation and withdrawal. Objective Describe the hearing and vision of home care patients older than 80 years. Methods Ninety-three older adults (80+ years) receiving home care were screened for hearing and vision in their homes. Data were collected using a HEINE Mini 3000® Otoscope to examine the eardrum and presence of earwax, an Entomed SA201-IV portable pure-tone audiometer to measure the pure-tone average (PTAV), a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart to measure visual acuity (VA), and the Combined Serious Sensory Impairment interview guide. Results Slight and moderate hearing impairments were found in 41% and 47% of the population, respectively (mean PTAV =40.4 dB for the better ear), and 40% and 56% had impaired and slightly impaired vision, respectively (mean VA =0.45 for the better eye). The participants’ self-assessments of hearing and vision were only weakly correlated with PTAV and VA values. The visual function was significantly worse in men than in women (P=0.033). Difficulty in performing instrumental activities of daily living because of hearing and vision impairments was experienced by 17% of the participants, whereas 76% experienced no difficulties. When many people were present, 72% of the participants found it difficult to understand speech. Nearly 30% found it tiring to read, and 41% could not read very small print. Conclusion The patients’ self-assessments of their hearing and vision did not correlate strongly with their VA and PTAV scores. Asking the elderly about their overall hearing and vision ability is not sufficient for detecting sensory impairment, and asking more specific questions about what they could not hear and see was not an adequate indicator of the patients’ hearing and vision problems. To detect hearing and vision impairments among elderly home care patients, standardized measurements of their hearing and vision are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gunnar Horgen
- Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Kongsberg, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
124
|
Oxidative stress and histological changes in a model of retinal phototoxicity in rabbits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:637137. [PMID: 24991304 PMCID: PMC4058492 DOI: 10.1155/2014/637137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical damage occurs after an exposure to high energy radiation within the visible spectrum of light, causing morphological changes in the retina and the formation of superoxide anion. In this study we created a model of phototoxicity in rabbits. Animals were exposed to a light source for 120 minutes and were sacrificed immediately or one week after exposure. Outer nuclear layer and neurosensory retina thickness measurements and photoreceptor counting were performed. Caspase-1 and caspase-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Dihydroethidium was used to evaluate in situ generation of superoxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in retinal homogenates as indicators of lipid peroxidation. The total antioxidant capacity and oxidative ratio were also determined. Retinas from rabbits exposed to light showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation than the unexposed animals and a decrease in outer nuclear layer and neurosensory retina thickness. Our study demonstrates that light damage produces an increase in retinal oxidative stress immediately after light exposure that decreases one week after exposure. However, some morphological alterations appear days after light exposure including apoptotic phenomena. This model may be useful in the future to study the protective effect of antioxidant substances or new intraocular lenses with yellow filters.
Collapse
|
125
|
COMPARISON OF INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB IN PHAKIC AND PSEUDOPHAKIC NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION PATIENTS WITH GOOD BASELINE VISUAL ACUITY. Retina 2014; 34:853-9. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
126
|
Effect of the Blue Filter Intraocular Lens on the Progression of Geographic Atrophy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2014; 25:128-33. [DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To clinically evaluate the effect of blue light–filtering intraocular lenses (IOLs) on disease progression in patients with geographic atrophy (GA). Methods Clinical data from 66 eyes of 40 patients were investigated, 27 with a blue filter and 39 with a non–blue filter IOL. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography technology and the advanced retinal pigment epithelium analysis software tool were used to measure lesion size and monitor its progression over 1 year. Results The mean and median baseline area of GA for the total sample was 5.55 ± 4.72 mm2 and 4.40 mm2, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference of the mean (p = 0.0002) and median (p<0.0001) GA progression in 1 year between the blue filter and non–blue filter IOL group (0.72 ± 0.39 SD mm2 mean and 0.70 mm2 median compared to 1.48 ± 0.88 SD mm2 and 1.30 mm2, respectively). Conclusions The clinical data strongly support a photoprotective role of blue light–filtering IOLs on the progression of the atrophic form of dry age-related macular degeneration after cataract surgery.
Collapse
|
127
|
Tariq A, Mahroo OA, Williams KM, Liew SHM, Beatty S, Gilbert CE, Van Kuijk FJ, Hammond CJ. The heritability of the ring-like distribution of macular pigment assessed in a twin study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:2214-9. [PMID: 24609627 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested that ring-like patterns of macular pigment, as measured with dual wavelength autofluorescence, are observed less frequently in subjects with age-related maculopathy. We explored relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) distributions using a classic twin study. METHODS As part of a previous nutritional study, 322 healthy Caucasian female twins, aged 16 to 50 (mean 40) years, underwent measurement of MPOD optical density by two-wavelength fundus autofluorescence. In the present study, the right eye MPOD profile was assessed for the presence of a ring-like pattern by two graders independently, using common criteria, with a third grader arbitrating in cases of disagreement. Concordance was calculated as 2C/(2C + D), where C is the number of twin pairs concordant, and D the number discordant, for the ring-like pattern. Also, heritability was calculated using maximum-likelihood structural equation modeling. RESULTS Images and zygosity data were available for 314 twins (88 monozygotic [MZ] and 69 dizygotic [DZ] pairs). The overall prevalence of the ring pattern was 25.8%. Respective concordances for MZ and DZ twins were 0.75 and 0.22. Additive genetic factors were estimated to contribute to 84.0% of the total variance (95% confidence intervals, 63.7%-94.6%). CONCLUSIONS Concordance for MZ twins was over three times that for DZ twins, with heritability estimated at 84%, indicating that genetic factors contribute to the development of the ring structure. Studies have suggested that ring-like patterns of macular pigment can affect risk for age-related maculopathy. In a classic twin study, we found that the presence of such a pattern was highly heritable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Tariq
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Long-term blue light exposure induces RGC-5 cell death in vitro: involvement of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, oxidative stress, and MAPK signaling pathways. Apoptosis 2014; 19:922-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
129
|
Chamorro E, Bonnin-Arias C, Pérez-Carrasco MJ, Alvarez-Rementería L, Villa-Collar C, Armadá-Maresca F, Sánchez-Ramos C. [Macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in pseudoaphakic eyes with clear vs yellow implant]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 89:136-42. [PMID: 24548791 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), for measuring the macular thickness variations produced over time in elderly pseudophakic subjects implanted with a clear intraocular lens (IOL) in one eye, and a yellow IOL in the other eye. METHODS Macular thickness measurements were obtained in the 36 eyes of 18 subjects over 65 years, with cataracts surgically removed from both eyes and implanted with different absorbance (clear and yellow) IOLs in 2 separate surgeries. Stratus-OCT was used to determine the macular thickness in 2 sessions with 5 years of difference. RESULTS After 5 years of follow-up, the eyes implanted with clear IOLs revealed a significant decrease in macular thickness. However, in eyes implanted with yellow IOLs the macular thickness remained stable. The mean overall decrease in macular thickness in eyes implanted with clear IOLs was 5 ± 8 μm (P=.02), and foveal thickness reduction was 10 ± 17 μm (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS The macular thickness changes produced in eyes implanted with a yellow IOL differ from those with a clear IOL. These observation point to a possible protective effect of yellow IOL against the harmful effects of light in elderly pseudophakic subjects. However, studies with a longer follow-up are still needed to confirm that the protection provided by this IOL model is clinically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Chamorro
- Grupo de Neurocomputación y Neurorrobótica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.
| | - C Bonnin-Arias
- Grupo de Neurocomputación y Neurorrobótica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - M J Pérez-Carrasco
- Grupo de Neurocomputación y Neurorrobótica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | | | - C Villa-Collar
- Departamento Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Europea, Madrid, España
| | - F Armadá-Maresca
- Departamento Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - C Sánchez-Ramos
- Grupo de Neurocomputación y Neurorrobótica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Chen L, Zhang XW. Which lamp will be optimum to eye? Incandescent, fluorescent or LED etc. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:163-8. [PMID: 24634884 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.01.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low frequency flicker, high frequency flicker, strong light, strong blue light, infrared, ultraviolet, electromagnetic radiation, ripple flicker and dimming flicker produced by different lamps have negative impact on vision, eyes and health. Negative impact on eyes resulting in myopia or cataract etc: the solution is to remove all the negative factors by applying upright lighting technology and that is optimum to vision, eyes and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Lighting, Upright Lighting LLC, P.O.Box 1804, Allen, TX 75013, USA
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Nowak JZ. Oxidative stress, polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived oxidation products and bisretinoids as potential inducers of CNS diseases: focus on age-related macular degeneration. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:288-304. [PMID: 23744414 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) originate from excess of reactive free radicals, notably reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress. A phenomenon which usually runs in parallel with oxidative stress is unsaturated lipid peroxidation, which, via a chain reaction, contributes to the progression of disbalanced redox homeostasis. Among long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) abundantly occurring in the CNS, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a member of ω-3 LC-PUFAs, deserves special attention, as it is avidly retained and uniquely concentrated in the nervous system, particularly in retinal photoreceptors and synaptic membranes; owing to the presence of the six double bonds between carbon atoms in its polyene chain (C=C), DHA is exquisitely sensitive to oxidative damage. In addition to oxidative stress and LC-PUFAs peroxidation, other stress-related mechanisms may also contribute to the development of various CNS malfunctions, and a good example of such mechanisms is the process of lipofuscin formation occurring particularly in the retina, an integral part of the CNS. The retinal lipofuscin is formed and accumulated by the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells as a consequence of both visual process taking place in photoreceptor-RPE functional complex and metabolic insufficiency of RPE lysosomal compartment. Among various retinal lipofuscin constituents, bisretinoids, originating from all-trans retinal substrate--a photometabolite of visual pigment cofactor 11-cis-retinal (responsible for photon capturing), are endowed with cytotoxic and complement-activating potential which increases upon illumination and oxidation. This survey deals with oxidative stress, PUFAs (especially DHA) peroxidation products of carboxyalkylpyrrole type and bisretinoids as potential inducers of the CNS pathology. A focus is put on vision-threatening disease, i.e., age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as an example of the CNS disorder whose pathogenesis has strong background in both oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Z Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Scientific Board, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Pinazo-Durán MD, Gómez-Ulla F, Arias L, Araiz J, Casaroli-Marano R, Gallego-Pinazo R, García-Medina JJ, López-Gálvez MI, Manzanas L, Salas A, Zapata M, Diaz-Llopis M, García-Layana A. Do nutritional supplements have a role in age macular degeneration prevention? J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:901686. [PMID: 24672708 PMCID: PMC3941929 DOI: 10.1155/2014/901686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids ( ω -3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω -3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω -3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω -3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Pinazo-Durán
- University of Valencia, Spain ; The Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gómez-Ulla
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; The Institute Gomez-Ulla, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Foundation RetinaPlus, Spain
| | - Luis Arias
- University of Barcelona, Spain ; Retina Section, Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Araiz
- Vitreous and Retina Department, UPV/EHU and Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ricardo Casaroli-Marano
- Clinic Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
- Macula Section, Department of Ophthalmology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose J García-Medina
- University of Murcia, General University Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain ; Ophthalmic Reseach Unit "Santiago Grisolia", Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel López-Gálvez
- The University of Valladolid, Diabetes and Telemedicine Unit at the IOBA, Spain ; The Retina Unit of the Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lucía Manzanas
- The University of Valladolid, Spain ; The Vitreo-Retina Unit of the Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Anna Salas
- Research Institute of the Hospital of Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Zapata
- Retina Section of the Hospital of Vall Hebron, The Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Diaz-Llopis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain ; University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
DIez-Ajenjo MA, GarcIa-Domene MC, Peris-MartInez C, Artigas JM, Felipe A. Effect of the color of the intraocular lens on optical and visual quality. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 62:1064-1068. [PMID: 25494247 PMCID: PMC4290195 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.146741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the optical quality of intraocular lenses (IOL) with an orange (PC440Y) and a yellow (SN60AT) filter, and correlate these results with the visual quality of patients with these implants. Setting: Fisabio Oftalmologνa Mιdica, Valencia, Spain. Design: Randomized prospective study. Materials and Methods: The IOL optical quality was determined using the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the spectral transmission. The visual quality of 87 eyes with cataract (51 with orange filter and 36 with yellow filter) was determined by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under photopic and mesopic conditions. To analyze the results, we use a Student's t-test. Results: Orange lens filtered more of the blue spectrum (cut-off wavelength of 370 nm) than the yellow lens (390 nm). The MTF of the yellow lens was better than the orange lens (average modulation of 0.676 for natural and 0.672 for orange). The patients' BCVA was 0.02 + 0.10 logMAR for both lenses. The CSF obtained with the yellow lens was slightly better, although without statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Both lenses are of good optical quality. The patients' visual quality was similar with both lenses, and optical quality was also similar. The color of the lens does not affect the visual quality of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Amparo DIez-Ajenjo
- FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology, Bifurcación Pío Baroja-General Avilés, s/n, E46015 Valencia; Optometric Clinic, Lluís Alcanyís Foundation Guardia Civil, 22, E46020 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Upregulation of CREM-1 relates to retinal ganglion cells apoptosis after light-induced damage in vivo. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 52:331-8. [PMID: 24166353 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown activation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) family is involved in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) protection. However, the function of cyclic AMP response element modulator-1 (CREM-1), one member of the CREB family, is still with limited acquaintance. To investigate whether CREM-1 is involved in RGCs death, we performed a light-induced retinal damage model in adult rats. Upregulation of CREM-1 was observed in retina after light-induced damage by performing western blot. Immunofluorescent labeling indicated that upregulated CREM-1 was localized mainly in the RGCs. We also investigated co-localization of CREM-1 with active-caspase-3 and TUNEL (apoptotic markers) in the retina after light-induced damage. In addition, the expression patterns of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 and Bcl-2 associated X protein were parallel with that of CREM-1. Collectively, we hypothesized upregulation of CREM-1 in the retina was associated with RGCs death after light-induced damage.
Collapse
|
135
|
Karunakaran DKP, Banday AR, Wu Q, Kanadia R. Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved alternative splicing factor, Sfrs10, in age-related macular degeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75964. [PMID: 24098751 PMCID: PMC3786888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly population. Hypoxic stress created in the micro-environment of the photoreceptors is thought to be the underlying cause that results in the pathophysiology of AMD. However, association of AMD with alternative splicing mediated gene regulation is not well explored. Alternative Splicing is one of the primary mechanisms in humans by which fewer protein coding genes are able to generate a vast proteome. Here, we investigated the expression of a known stress response gene and an alternative splicing factor called Serine-Arginine rich splicing factor 10 (Sfrs10). Sfrs10 is a member of the serine-arginine (SR) rich protein family and is 100% identical at the amino acid level in most mammals. Immunoblot analysis on retinal extracts from mouse, rat, and chicken showed a single immunoreactive band. Further, immunohistochemistry on adult mouse, rat and chicken retinae showed pan-retinal expression. However, SFRS10 was not detected in normal human retina but was observed as distinct nuclear speckles in AMD retinae. This is in agreement with previous reports that show Sfrs10 to be a stress response gene, which is upregulated under hypoxia. The difference in the expression of Sfrs10 between humans and lower mammals and the upregulation of SFRS10 in AMD is further reflected in the divergence of the promoter sequence between these species. Finally, SFRS10+ speckles were independent of the SC35+ SR protein speckles or the HSF1+ stress granules. In all, our data suggests that SFRS10 is upregulated and forms distinct stress-induced speckles and might be involved in AS of stress response genes in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Rouf Banday
- University of Connecticut, Physiology and Neurobiology, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Qian Wu
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rahul Kanadia
- University of Connecticut, Physiology and Neurobiology, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Grandner MA, Petrov MER, Rattanaumpawan P, Jackson N, Platt A, Patel NP. Sleep symptoms, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position. J Clin Sleep Med 2013; 9:897-905; 905A-905D. [PMID: 23997702 PMCID: PMC3746717 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Growing evidence indicates sleep is a major public health issue. Race/ethnicity and socioeconomics may contribute to sleep problems. This study assessed whether sleep symptoms were more prevalent among minorities and/or the socioeconomically disadvantaged. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Epidemiologic survey. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 4,081). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sociodemographics included age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, and immigration. Socioeconomics included poverty, education, private insurance, and food insecurity. Sleep symptoms assessed were sleep latency > 30 min, difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance difficulties, early morning awakenings, non-restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, snorting/gasping, and snoring. Decreased reported problems for most symptoms were found among minorities, immigrants, and lower education levels. In general, in fully adjusted models, long sleep latency was associated with female gender, being black/African American, lower education attainment, no private insurance, and food insecurity. Difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance difficulties, early morning awakenings, and non-restorative sleep were also associated with female gender and food insecurity. Daytime sleepiness was seen in female and divorced respondents. Snorting/gasping was more prevalent among male, other-Hispanic/Latino, and 9(th)- to 11(th)-grade-level respondents. Snoring was prevalent among male, other-Hispanic/Latino, less-educated, and food-insecure respondents. CONCLUSIONS Sleep symptoms were associated with multiple sociodemographic and economic factors, though these relationships differed by predictor and sleep outcome. Also, reports depended on question wording.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Roehlecke C, Schumann U, Ader M, Brunssen C, Bramke S, Morawietz H, Funk RHW. Stress reaction in outer segments of photoreceptors after blue light irradiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71570. [PMID: 24039718 PMCID: PMC3770596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is prone to oxidative stress from many factors which are also involved in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases. In this study, we used the application of blue light as a physiological stress factor. The aim of this study was to identify the major source of intracellular ROS that mediates blue light-induced detrimental effects on cells which may lead to cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that outer segments are the major source of blue light induced ROS generation. In photoreceptors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) enzymes and the recently found respiratory chain complexes may represent a major source for reactive oxygen species (ROS), beside mitochondria and chromophores. Therefore, we investigated this hypothesis and analysed the exact localization of the ROS source in photoreceptors in an organotypic culture system for mouse retinas. Whole eyeball cultures were irradiated with visible blue light (405 nm) with an output power of 1 mW/cm2. Blue light impingement lead to an increase of ROS production (detected by H2DCFDA in live retinal explants), which was particularly strong in the photoreceptor outer segments. Nox-2 and Nox-4 proteins are sources of ROS in blue light irradiated photoreceptors; the Nox inhibitor apocynin decreased ROS stimulated by blue light. Concomitantly, enzyme SOD-1, a member of the antioxidant defense system, indicator molecules of protein oxidation (CML) and lipid oxidation (MDA and 4-HNE) were also increased in the outer segments. Interestingly, outer segments showed a mitochondrial-like membrane potential which was demonstrated using two dyes (JC-1 and TMRE) normally exclusively associated with mitochondria. As in mitochondria, these dyes indicated a decrease of the membrane potential in hypoxic states or cell stress situations. The present study demonstrates that ROS generation and oxidative stress occurs directly in the outer segments of photoreceptors after blue light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cora Roehlecke
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Ader
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) DFG – Cluster of Excellence, Biotechnology Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Bramke
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) DFG – Cluster of Excellence, Biotechnology Center, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard H. W. Funk
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) DFG – Cluster of Excellence, Biotechnology Center, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Nakanishi-Ueda T, Majima HJ, Watanabe K, Ueda T, Indo HP, Suenaga S, Hisamitsu T, Ozawa T, Yasuhara H, Koide R. Blue LED light exposure develops intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and subsequent cellular injuries in cultured bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:774-80. [PMID: 23898883 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.829570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of blue light emitter diode (LED) light exposure on retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) were examined to detect cellular damage or change and to clarify its mechanisms. The RPE cells were cultured and exposed by blue (470 nm) LED at 4.8 mW/cm(2). The cellular viability was determined by XTT assay and cellular injury was determined by the lactate dehydrogenase activity in medium. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined by confocal laser microscope image analysis using dihydrorhodamine 123 and lipid peroxidation was determined by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein-adducts immunofluorescent staining (HNE). At 24 h after 50 J/cm(2) exposures, cellular viability was significantly decreased to 74% and cellular injury was significantly increased to 365% of control. Immediately after the light exposure, ROS generation was significantly increased to 154%, 177%, and 395% of control and HNE intensity was increased to 211%, 359%, and 746% of control by 1, 10, and 50 J/cm(2), respectively. These results suggest, at least in part, that oxidative stress is an early step leading to cellular damage by blue LED exposure and cellular oxidative damage would be caused by the blue light exposure at even lower dose (1, 10 J/cm(2)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakanishi-Ueda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa-University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Oláh J, Tóth-Molnár E, Kemény L, Csoma Z. Long-term hazards of neonatal blue-light phototherapy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:243-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Oláh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - E. Tóth-Molnár
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - L. Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Z. Csoma
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Abstract
SummaryAge-related changes affect all structures of the eye, and while age-related changes may influence the quality of vision, it is important to distinguish age-related physiological changes from pathological changes. This is important particularly when identifying pathological changes that may be treatable. The prevalence of visual loss increases substantially after 60 years of age and poor vision is the second most prevalent physical disability in older people. This review describes the normal ageing changes of the eye and outlines common ophthalmic diseases affecting older people. We refer to recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, and relevant current research.
Collapse
|
141
|
Eto N, Tsubota K, Tanaka T, Nishiwaki Y. [Development of a monitor for quantifying personal eye exposure to visible and ultraviolet radiation and its application in epidemiology]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2013; 68:118-25. [PMID: 23718973 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.68.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eye diseases including cataract, keratitis and pterygium have been reported to be sun-exposure-related. The association between macular degeneration and blue light has also been discussed. Moreover, it is hypothesized that retinal exposure to blue light may influence the human circadian rhythm. However, no monitoring devices exist that can measure eye exposure to visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation over time. To measure the exact dose at specific times, we have developed a novel sensing system (ray-sensing glass system: RaySeG). METHODS RaySeG can continuously measure and record the composition and intensity of light with a time-stamped system. Subjects wearing RaySeG were instructed to walk under various light conditions such as indoor and outdoor. RESULTS RaySeG consists of two sensors embedded in the eyeglasses. These sensors are for UV (260-400 nm), visible lights (red, 615 nm; green, 540 nm; and blue, 465 nm: peak wavelength for each). The total weight of the system is about 100 g, and the size is comparable to that of a digital audio player. The system continuously recorded changes in visible and UV light exposure under various conditions. CONCLUSIONS After accuracy validation, further experiments with a larger number of subjects are required. Our final goal is to apply the system to evaluating personal eye exposure to UV and visible light in epidemiological studies of eye diseases and circadian rhythm abnormality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Eto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Autophagy regulating kinases as potential therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration. Future Med Chem 2013. [PMID: 23190104 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss in the elderly in the developed countries. The number of AMD patients will double during the next decades due to increasing number of aged people. Chronic oxidative stress, inflammation and accumulation of protein-rich deposits both in the retinal pigment epithelium lysosomes and under the retinal pigment epithelium herald the onset of AMD. The disease can be divided into dry and wet AMD forms. The dry form of the disease is more prevalent accounting for up to 90% of all cases. Continued intraocular injections are the current treatment strategy to prevent progression of wet AMD. It is a major challenge to develop new drugs that could prevent or at least ease the symptoms of the increasing population of AMD patients. Since AMD pathology is clearly associated with accumulated protein deposits, the autophagy clearance system might represent a potential future therapeutic target for AMD as is thoroughly discussed here.
Collapse
|
143
|
Kaarniranta K, Sinha D, Blasiak J, Kauppinen A, Veréb Z, Salminen A, Boulton ME, Petrovski G. Autophagy and heterophagy dysregulation leads to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and development of age-related macular degeneration. Autophagy 2013; 9:973-84. [PMID: 23590900 PMCID: PMC3722332 DOI: 10.4161/auto.24546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, degenerative and progressive eye disease that usually does not lead to complete blindness, but can result in severe loss of central vision. Risk factors for AMD include age, genetics, diet, smoking, oxidative stress and many cardiovascular-associated risk factors. Autophagy is a cellular housekeeping process that removes damaged organelles and protein aggregates, whereas heterophagy, in the case of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is the phagocytosis of exogenous photoreceptor outer segments. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both autophagy and heterophagy are highly active in the RPE. To date, there is increasing evidence that constant oxidative stress impairs autophagy and heterophagy, as well as increases protein aggregation and causes inflammasome activation leading to the pathological phenotype of AMD. This review ties together these crucial pathological topics and reflects upon autophagy as a potential therapeutic target in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Olchawa MM, Herrnreiter AM, Skumatz CMB, Zareba M, Sarna TJ, Burke JM. Photosensitized oxidative stress to ARPE-19 cells decreases protein receptors that mediate photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:2276-87. [PMID: 23449722 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether previously shown photodynamic (PD)-induced inhibition of specific photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phagocytosis by ARPE-19 cells is associated with reductions in receptor proteins mediating POS phagocytosis, and if PD treatment with merocyanine-540 (MC-540) produces additional effects leading to its inhibition of nonspecific phagocytosis. METHODS ARPE-19 cells preloaded with MC-540 or rose bengal (RB) were sublethally irradiated with green light. Phagocytosis of POS was measured by flow cytometry and POS receptor proteins (Mer tyrosine kinase receptor [MerTK] and integrin subunits αv and β5) and β-actin were quantified by Western blotting at 0.5 and 24 hours after irradiation, with comparison to samples from nonsensitized control cultures. The intact integrin heterodimer αvβ5 was quantified by immunoprecipitation followed by blotting. The distribution of N-cadherin, ZO-1, and F-actin was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Mild PD stress mediated by both photosensitizers that elicits no significant morphologic changes produces transient and recoverable reductions in MerTK. The individual αv and β5 integrin subunits are also reduced but only partially recover. However, there is sufficient recovery to support full recovery of the functional heterodimer. Light stress mediated by MC-540 also reduced levels of actin, which is known to participate in the internalization of particles regardless of type. CONCLUSIONS After PD treatment POS receptor protein abundance and phagocytosis show a coincident in time reduction then recovery suggesting that diminution in receptor proteins contributes to the phagocytic defect. The additional inhibition of nonspecific phagocytosis by MC-540-mediated stress may result from more widespread effects on cytosolic proteins. The data imply that phagocytosis receptors in RPE cells are sensitive to oxidative modification, raising the possibility that chronic oxidative stress in situ may reduce the efficiency of the RPE's role in photoreceptor turnover, thereby contributing to retinal degenerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Olchawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-4812, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Okuno T, Ueno S, Kobayashi Y, Kozu S. [Blue light hazards associated with crystal glassware production]. SANGYŌ EISEIGAKU ZASSHI = JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2013; 55:85-9. [PMID: 23428957 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.b12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In factories for glassware production, workers are exposed to intense visible light emitted from hot objects such as furnaces and molten glass. High exposure to short-wavelength visible light, called blue light, can cause photoretinopathy. The objective of this study was to quantify the blue-light hazards associated with glassware production. METHODS Spectral radiances of walls and heating elements inside furnaces were measured, as well as those of molten glass placed inside furnaces in a factory producing crystal glass crafts. The factory had two reheating furnaces, three melting furnaces, and a furnace for preheating blowpipes. The effective radiances of the inner furnace walls, the heating elements, and the molten glass were calculated from the measured spectral radiances and compared with the threshold limit value (TLV) in accordance with ACGIH guidelines. The temperature of each light source was determined by comparing the measured spectral radiance with that of a black body. RESULTS The measured effective radiances were in the range of 0.00498-0.708 mW/cm(2)sr and increased steeply with increasing light source temperatures in the range of 1,075-1,516 °C. The effective radiance of each light source was nearly equal to the effective radiance of the black body at the same temperature. CONCLUSIONS The effective radiances of walls, heating elements, and molten glass inside the furnaces are lower than one tenth of the TLV for exposure durations longer than 10(4) s per day. Thus, it is not hazardous to view these light sources. However, the effective radiance at a higher light source temperature of approximately 1,800 °C will exceed the TLV. In this case, hot objects in a workplace for glassware production may present blue light hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Okuno
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Grandner MA, Kripke DF, Elliott J, Cole R. Short wavelength light administered just prior to waking: a pilot study. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013; 44:13-32. [PMID: 23275686 DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2011.632578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bright light in the blue-green range, administered in the early morning hours (prior to waking) may be particularly effective in shifting circadian rhythms and may increase gonadotropin production. Accordingly, we tested the feasibility and utility of a mask that emits bright blue/green light (compared to a similar mask that emitted a dim red light) towards the end of sleep in a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. The study included a 3-day baseline period, immediately followed by a 12-day intervention period. Subjects were 30 healthy young men with minimal-mild depression. The bright light masks were well-tolerated and demonstrated adequate safety and feasibility. Following the intervention, those who wore the bright light mask demonstrated altered sleep timing suggestive of an earlier sleep period, and excreted a slight increase in follicle-stimulating hormone. Overall, light masks may prove useful in future studies of bright light therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Sang A, Xu Y, Jin N, Zhou T, Wang J, Zhu J, Chen C, Shi J, Shuai J, Xu G, Gu Z. Involvement of transcription initiation factor IIB in the light-induced death of rat retinal ganglion cells in vivo. J Mol Histol 2012; 44:11-8. [PMID: 23264107 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-012-9446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcription initiation factor IIB (TFIIB) is a general transcription initiation factor that plays a pivotal role in the response to transcriptional activator proteins. Previous reports have shown that TFIIB have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various experimental central nervous system diseases. However, its distribution and function in the retina remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of TFIIB in a light-induced retinal damage model. Western blotting analysis showed TFIIB level significantly improved 3 days after injury, and then declined during the following days. The association of TFIIB and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was detected by immunofluorescence double staining. The injury-induced expression of TFIIB was physically co-existed with active caspase-3 and TUNEL (apoptotic markers). Spatiotemporal changes of TFIIB expression suggest that this protein may play a role in the degenerative process of RGCs by light-induced damage in the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Sang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Chu XK, Wang Y, Ardeljan D, Tuo J, Chan CC. Controversial view of a genetically altered mouse model of focal retinal degeneration. Bioengineered 2012. [PMID: 23196746 PMCID: PMC3669152 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.22949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuo et al. (2012) demonstrated tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 recombinant protein (TSG-6) arrest of focal retinal lesions on a Ccl2 and Cx3cr1 double deficient mouse (DKO) on rd8 background (hereon referred to as DKO rd8). DKO rd8, a model of focal retinal degeneration with earlier onset and higher penetrance than Ccl2 and Cx3cr1 single knockout strains, demonstrates characteristic features of AMD such as focal photoreceptor atrophy, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) degeneration, elevated ocular A2E levels and complement deposition in addition to retinal dystrophy. The discovery of the accidently introduced Crb1 mutation (rd8) in the C57BL/6N strain has led to the recent opinion that DKO rd8 is not a model of AMD but solely a model of Crb1‑associated retinal degeneration. Differences between DKO rd8 and Crb1rd8 photoreceptor and RPE pathology, as well as increased A2E and immune dysfunction, show that DKO rd8 recapitulates some AMD‑like features in addition to rd8 retinal dystrophy. The appearance of rd8 lesions and Ccl2/Cx3cr1 lesions and the amelioration of most Ccl2/Cx3cr1 lesions in intervention studies show DKO rd8 to be a useful and appropriate model for therapeutic compound screening, such as the case with anti-inflammatory TSG‑6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi K Chu
- Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Parmeggiani F, Romano MR, Costagliola C, Semeraro F, Incorvaia C, D'Angelo S, Perri P, De Palma P, De Nadai K, Sebastiani A. Mechanism of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:546786. [PMID: 23209345 PMCID: PMC3504473 DOI: 10.1155/2012/546786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease that represents the most common cause of irreversible visual impairment among people over the age of 50 in Europe, the United States, and Australia, accounting for up to 50% of all cases of central blindness. Risk factors of AMD are heterogeneous, mainly including increasing age and different genetic predispositions, together with several environmental/epigenetic factors, that is, cigarette smoking, dietary habits, and phototoxic exposure. In the aging retina, free radicals and oxidized lipoproteins are considered to be major causes of tissue stress resulting in local triggers for parainflammation, a chronic status which contributes to initiation and/or progression of many human neurodegenerative diseases such as AMD. Experimental and clinical evidences strongly indicate the pathogenetic role of immunologic processes in AMD occurrence, consisting of production of inflammatory related molecules, recruitment of macrophages, complement activation, microglial activation and accumulation within those structures that compose an essential area of the retina known as macula lutea. This paper reviews some attractive aspects of the literature about the mechanisms of inflammation in AMD, especially focusing on those findings or arguments more directly translatable to improve the clinical management of patients with AMD and to prevent the severe vision loss caused by this disease.
Collapse
|
150
|
Taillard J, Capelli A, Sagaspe P, Anund A, Akerstedt T, Philip P. In-car nocturnal blue light exposure improves motorway driving: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46750. [PMID: 23094031 PMCID: PMC3477137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prolonged wakefulness greatly decreases nocturnal driving performance. The development of in-car countermeasures is a future challenge to prevent sleep-related accidents. The aim of this study is to determine whether continuous exposure to monochromatic light in the short wavelengths (blue light), placed on the dashboard, improves night-time driving performance. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, 48 healthy male participants (aged 20-50 years) drove 400 km (250 miles) on motorway during night-time. They randomly and consecutively received either continuous blue light exposure (GOLite, Philips, 468 nm) during driving or 2*200 mg of caffeine or placebo of caffeine before and during the break. Treatments were separated by at least 1 week. The outcomes were number of inappropriate line crossings (ILC) and mean standard deviation of the lateral position (SDLP). Eight participants (17%) complained about dazzle during blue light exposure and were removed from the analysis. Results from the 40 remaining participants (mean age ± SD: 32.9±11.1) showed that countermeasures reduced the number of inappropriate line crossings (ILC) (F(2,91.11) = 6.64; p<0.05). Indeed, ILC were lower with coffee (12.51 [95% CI, 5.86 to 19.66], p = 0.001) and blue light (14.58 [CI, 8.75 to 22.58], p = 0.003) than with placebo (26.42 [CI, 19.90 to 33.71]). Similar results were found for SDLP. Treatments did not modify the quality, quantity and timing of 3 subsequent nocturnal sleep episodes. Despite a lesser tolerance, a non-inferior efficacy of continuous nocturnal blue light exposure compared with caffeine suggests that this in-car countermeasure, used occasionally, could be used to fight nocturnal sleepiness at the wheel in blue light-tolerant drivers, whatever their age. More studies are needed to determine the reproducibility of data and to verify if it can be generalized to women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01070004.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Taillard
- University of Bordeaux, Sommeil, Attention et Neuropsychiatrie, USR 3413, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|