101
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Jiang XY, Chen TK, Zhou JT, He SY, Yang HY, Chen Y, Qu W, Feng F, Sun HP. Dual GSK-3β/AChE Inhibitors as a New Strategy for Multitargeting Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541355 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) is considered to be a promising approach to address complex and multifactorial maladies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The concurrent inhibition of the two crucial AD targets, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), might represent a breakthrough in the quest for clinical efficacy. Thus, a novel family of GSK-3β/AChE dual-target inhibitors was designed and synthesized. Among these hybrids, 2f showed the most promising profile as a nanomolar inhibitor on both hAChE (IC50 = 6.5 nM) and hGSK-3β kinase activity (IC50 = 66 nM). It also showed good inhibitory effect on β-amyloid self-aggregation (inhibitory rate = 46%) at 20 μM. Western blot analysis revealed that compound 2f inhibited hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in mouse neuroblastoma N2a-Tau cells. In vivo studies confirmed that 2f significantly ameliorated the cognitive disorders in scopolamine-treated ICR mice and less hepatotoxicity than tacrine. This study provides new leads for assessment of GSK-3β and AChE pathway dual inhibition as a promising strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting-Kai Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun-Ting Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | | | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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102
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Gurjar AS, Darekar MN, Yeong KY, Ooi L. In silico studies, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation to explore multi-targeted approach for imidazole analogues as potential cholinesterase inhibitors with neuroprotective role for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1511-1522. [PMID: 29429576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with multiple factors associated with its pathogenesis. Our strategy against AD involves design of multi-targeted 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole analogues which can interact and inhibit AChE, thereby, increasing the synaptic availability of ACh, inhibit BuChE, relieve induced oxidative stress and confer a neuroprotective role. Molecular docking was employed to study interactions within the AChE active site. In silico ADME study was performed to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on computational studies, some analogues were synthesized and subjected to pharmacological evaluation involving antioxidant activity, toxicity and memory model studies in animals followed by detailed mechanistic in vitro cholinesterase inhibition study. Amongst the series, analogue 13 and 20 are the most promising multi-targeted candidates which can potentially increase memory, decrease free radical levels and protect neurons against cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana S Gurjar
- Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, 23 Jote Joy, R. S. Marg, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai 400005, India.
| | - Mrunali N Darekar
- Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, 23 Jote Joy, R. S. Marg, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luyi Ooi
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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103
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Chierrito TP, Pedersoli-Mantoani S, Roca C, Sebastian-Pérez V, Martínez-Gonzalez L, Pérez DI, Perez C, Canales A, Cañada FJ, Campillo NE, Carvalho I, Martinez A. Chameleon-like behavior of indolylpiperidines in complex with cholinesterases targets: Potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:431-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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104
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Kovaleva N, Proshin A, Rudakova E, Boltneva N, Serkov I, Makhaeva G. Effect of the Cycle Size and Spacer Structure in Tacrine and its Cyclopentyl Homologue Conjugates with 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-1,2,4-thiadiazole on the Spectrum of their Biological Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18097/bmcrm00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The conjugates of tacrine and its cyclopentyl analogue with 5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-1,2,4-thiadiazole, combined with two different spacers, pentylaminopropane and pentylaminopropene, were synthesized. Their esterase profile, the ability to displace propidium from the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant activity in the ABTS test were investigated. The compounds obtained effectively inhibit cholinesterases with a predominant effect on butyrylcholinesterase, displace propidium from the PAS of Electrophorus electricus AChE (EeAChE) and exhibit a high radical-scavenging capacity. It is shown that, depending on the spacer structure, particulary, the presence of a propenamine or propanamine fragment, the spectrum of biological activity of the conjugates changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.V. Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - A.N. Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - E.V. Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - N.P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - I.V. Serkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - G.F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
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105
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Bourne Y, Marchot P. Hot Spots for Protein Partnerships at the Surface of Cholinesterases and Related α/β Hydrolase Fold Proteins or Domains-A Structural Perspective. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010035. [PMID: 29295471 PMCID: PMC5943944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrolytic enzymes acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, the cell adhesion molecules neuroligins, and the hormonogenic macromolecule thyroglobulin are a few of the many members of the α/β hydrolase fold superfamily of proteins. Despite their distinctive functions, their canonical subunits, with a molecular surface area of ~20,000 Å2, they share binding patches and determinants for forming homodimers and for accommodating structural subunits or protein partners. Several of these surface regions of high functional relevance have been mapped through structural or mutational studies, while others have been proposed based on biochemical data or molecular docking studies. Here, we review these binding interfaces and emphasize their specificity versus potentially multifunctional character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Bourne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, "Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques" Laboratory, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, "Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques" Laboratory, 13288 Marseille, France.
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106
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Chierrito TPC, Pedersoli-Mantoani S, Roca C, Requena C, Sebastian-Perez V, Castillo WO, Moreira NCS, Pérez C, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Takahashi CS, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cañada FJ, Campillo NE, Martinez A, Carvalho I. From dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to allosteric modulators: A new avenue for disease-modifying drugs in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:773-791. [PMID: 28863358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lack of an effective treatment for Alzheimer' disease (AD), an increasing prevalence and severe neurodegenerative pathology boost medicinal chemists to look for new drugs. Currently, only acethylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and glutamate antagonist have been approved to the palliative treatment of AD. Although they have a short-term symptomatic benefits, their clinical use have revealed important non-cholinergic functions for AChE such its chaperone role in beta-amyloid toxicity. We propose here the design, synthesis and evaluation of non-toxic dual binding site AChEIs by hybridization of indanone and quinoline heterocyclic scaffolds. Unexpectely, we have found a potent allosteric modulator of AChE able to target cholinergic and non-cholinergic functions by fixing a specific AChE conformation, confirmed by STD-NMR and molecular modeling studies. Furthermore the promising biological data obtained on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell assays for the new allosteric hybrid 14, led us to propose it as a valuable pharmacological tool for the study of non-cholinergic functions of AChE, and as a new important lead for novel disease modifying agents against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita P C Chierrito
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Susimaire Pedersoli-Mantoani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roca
- IPSBB Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Requena
- IPSBB Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian-Perez
- IPSBB Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Willian O Castillo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia C S Moreira
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Concepción Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elza T Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina S Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- IPSBB Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIC BioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Edif. 801A, 48160, Derio-Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- IPSBB Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria E Campillo
- IPSBB Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- IPSBB Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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107
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Farajdokht F, Amani M, Mirzaei Bavil F, Alihemmati A, Mohaddes G, Babri S. Troxerutin protects hippocampal neurons against amyloid beta-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1081-1089. [PMID: 29285004 PMCID: PMC5735350 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease linked with increased production and/or deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of troxerutin on an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer model was induced by a single dose intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ 1-42 (5 nmol/5 µl). Thereafter, troxerutin (300 mg/kg) was gavaged for 14 days. The hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) was assessed by TUNEL kit. The results showed that ICV microinjection of Aβ 1-42 increased MDA levels, reduced SOD and GPx, and increased AChE activities in the hippocampus. Chronic administration of troxerutin significantly attenuated MDA levels and AChE activity and increased SOD and GPx activities in the hippocampus. Moreover, the number of apoptotic cells was decreased by troxerutin treatment. Taken together, our study demonstrated that troxerutin could increase the resistance of hippocampal neurons against apoptosis, at least in part, by diminishing the activity of AChE and oxidative stress. Therefore, troxerutin may have beneficial effects in the management of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amani
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Mirzaei Bavil
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Babri
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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108
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Ramsay RR, Tipton KF. Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the Development of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:E1192. [PMID: 28714881 PMCID: PMC6152246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actions of many drugs involve enzyme inhibition. This is exemplified by the inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) and the cholinsterases (ChE) that have been used for several pharmacological purposes. This review describes key principles and approaches for the reliable determination of enzyme activities and inhibition as well as some of the methods that are in current use for such studies with these two enzymes. Their applicability and potential pitfalls arising from their inappropriate use are discussed. Since inhibitor potency is frequently assessed in terms of the quantity necessary to give 50% inhibition (the IC50 value), the relationships between this and the mode of inhibition is also considered, in terms of the misleading information that it may provide. Incorporation of more than one functionality into the same molecule to give a multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) requires careful assessment to ensure that the specific target effects are not significantly altered and that the kinetic behavior remains as favourable with the MTDL as it does with the individual components. Such factors will be considered in terms of recently developed MTDLs that combine MAO and ChE inhibitory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK.
| | - Keith F Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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109
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Docking-based comparative intermolecular contacts analysis and in silico screening reveal new potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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110
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Korábečný J, Nepovimová E, Cikánková T, Špilovská K, Vašková L, Mezeiová E, Kuča K, Hroudová J. Newly Developed Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease in Relation to Energy Metabolism, Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Neurotransmission. Neuroscience 2017; 370:191-206. [PMID: 28673719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current options for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment are based on administration of cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) and/or memantine, acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Therapeutic approaches vary and include novel cholinesterase inhibitors, modulators of NMDA receptors, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, immunotherapeutics, modulators of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP), amyloid-beta binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) modulators, antioxidant agents, etc. The novel trends of AD therapy are focused on multiple targeted ligands, where mostly ChE inhibition is combined with additional biological properties, positively affecting neuronal energy metabolism as well as mitochondrial functions, and possessing antioxidant properties. The present review summarizes newly developed drugs targeting cholinesterase and MAO, as well as drugs affecting mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimová
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Špilovská
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Třebešská 1575, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vašková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiová
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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111
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Liu YM, Feng YD, Lu X, Nie JB, Li W, Wang LN, Tian LJ, Liu QH. Isosteroidal alkaloids as potent dual-binding site inhibitors of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase from the bulbs of Fritillaria walujewii. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:280-291. [PMID: 28605675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Five new isosteroidal alkaloids, walujewine A (1), walujewine B (4), walujewine C (5), walujewine D (6), walujewine E (10) were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria walujewii together with seven known isosteroidal alkaloids (2, 3, 7-9, 11, 12). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All the isolates were tested for ChE inhibiting activity by the Ellman's method. Compounds 3-5 and 8-10 were potent dual AChE-BChE inhibitors, and compound 1 showed highly selective AChE inhibition. The structure-activity relationship of compounds 1-12 was discussed in details. And kinetic analysis showed that compounds 1, 3-5, and 8-10 were mixed-type reversible inhibitors of AChE, simultaneously binding to the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites, which was verified by in silico docking studies. The docking simulation also showed that active compound 3 and 8 created many interactions with the CAS and PAS gorges of BChE, revealing their mixed-type inhibition. ADMET analysis further confirmed the therapeutic potential of some isosteroidal alkaloids based on their high BBB-penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
| | - Ya-Dong Feng
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Jian-Bing Nie
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Li-Ning Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Univerisity of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Tian
- Department of Pharmacy Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Ürümuqi 830004, PR China
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112
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Lan JS, Zhang T, Liu Y, Yang J, Xie SS, Liu J, Miao ZY, Ding Y. Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel donepezil derivatives bearing N-benzyl pyridinium moiety as potent and dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:184-196. [PMID: 28388521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of new donepezil derivatives were designed synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies showed that most of them exhibited significant potency to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and self-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and moderate antioxidant activity. Especially, compound 5b presented the greatest ability to inhibit cholinesterase (IC50, 1.9 nM for eeAChE and 0.8 nM for hAChE), good inhibition of Aβ aggregation (53.7% at 20 μM) and good antioxidant activity (0.54 trolox equivalents). Kinetic and molecular modeling studies indicated that compound 5b was a mixed-type inhibitor, binding simultaneously to the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. In addition, compound 5b could reduce PC12 cells death induced by oxidative stress and Aβ (1-42). Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that compound 5b was nontoxic and tolerated at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. These results suggested that compound 5b might be an excellent multifunctional agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shuai Lan
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sai-Sai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ze-Yang Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Bachurin SO, Bovina EV, Ustyugov AA. Drugs in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer's Disease: The Major Trends. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1186-1225. [PMID: 28084618 DOI: 10.1002/med.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative process resulting from the intracellular and extracellular accumulation of fibrillary proteins: beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated Tau. Overaccumulation of these aggregates leads to synaptic dysfunction and subsequent neuronal loss. The precise molecular mechanisms of AD are still not fully understood but it is clear that AD is a multifactorial disorder and that advanced age is the main risk factor. Over the last decade, more than 50 drug candidates have successfully passed phase II clinical trials, but none has passed phase III. Here, we summarize data on current "anti-Alzheimer's" agents currently in clinical trials based on findings available in the Thomson Reuters «Integrity» database, on the public website www.clinicaltrials.gov, and on database of the website Alzforum.org. As a result, it was possible to outline some major trends in AD drug discovery: (i) the development of compounds acting on the main stages of the pathogenesis of the disease (the so-called "disease-modifying agents") - these drugs could potentially slow the development of structural and functional abnormalities in the central nervous system providing sustainable improvements of cognitive functions, which persist even after drug withdrawal; (ii) focused design of multitargeted drugs acting on multiple molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of the disease; (3) finally, the repositioning of old drugs for new (anti-Alzheimer's) application offers a very attractive approach to facilitate the completion of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny proezd 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia
| | - Elena V Bovina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny proezd 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia
| | - Aleksey A Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny proezd 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia
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114
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Mohan CG, Gupta S. QSAR Models towards Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Oncology 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological syndrome with the combination of aging, genetic, and environmental factors triggering the pathological decline. Interestingly, the importance of the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme has increased due to its involvement in the ß-amyloid peptide fibril formation during AD pathogenesis. In silico technique, QSAR has proven its usefulness in pharmaceutical research for the design/optimization of new chemical entities. Further, QSAR method advanced the scope of rational drug design and the search for the mechanism of drug action. It is a well-established fact that the chemical and pharmaceutical effects of a compound are closely related to its physico-chemical properties, which can be calculated by various methods from the compound structure. This chapter focuses on different Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies carried out for a variety of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of AD. These predictive models will be potentially used for further designing better and safer drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Gopi Mohan
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, India
| | - Shikhar Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, India
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115
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Li H, Lv C, Liu X, Li Z, Xin W, Wang Y, Zhang W. Geniposide ameliorates cognitive deficits by attenuating the cholinergic defect and amyloidosis in middle-aged Alzheimer model mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 116:18-29. [PMID: 27940040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory deficits and cognitive decline. Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and cholinergic defect are widely thought to be the underlying mechanism of learning and memory impairment. Geniposide, which is the main active component of the traditional Chinese herbal Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, elicits neuroprotective effects by alleviating inflammation responses and oxidative damages. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of geniposide on levels of cholinergic markers, RAGE, RAGE-dependent signalling pathways and amyloid accumulation in the APPswe/PS1dE9 AD model mouse. Geniposide suppressed MAPK signaling over-activation mediated by Aβ-RAGE interaction, resulting in reduced Aβ accumulation and amelioration of cholinergic deficits in the cerebral hippocampus. Furthermore, geniposide inhibited the toxic effect of oligomeric Aβ1-42 induced cholinergic deficit by increasing ChAT levels and activity but decreasing AChE activity in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. These results indicated that geniposide enhanced cholinergic neurotransmission, which likely contributes to its memory enhancing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hang Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Cui Lv
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wenfeng Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Sanqi Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yun Nan Province, Kunming 650000, China.
| | - Yongyan Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Sanqi Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yun Nan Province, Kunming 650000, China.
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Lushchekina SV, Kots ED, Novichkova DA, Petrov KA, Masson P. Role of Acetylcholinesterase in β-Amyloid Aggregation Studied by Accelerated Molecular Dynamics. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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117
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Ramsay RR, Majekova M, Medina M, Valoti M. Key Targets for Multi-Target Ligands Designed to Combat Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:375. [PMID: 27597816 PMCID: PMC4992697 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Compounds that interact with multiple targets but minimally with the cytochrome P450 system (CYP) address the many factors leading to neurodegeneration.Acetyl- and Butyryl-cholineEsterases (AChE, BChE) and Monoamine Oxidases A/B (MAO A, MAO B) are targets for Multi-Target Designed Ligands (MTDL).ASS234 is an irreversible inhibitor of MAO A >MAO B and has micromolar potency against the cholinesterases.ASS234 is a poor CYP substrate in human liver, yielding the depropargylated metabolite.SMe1EC2, a stobadine derivative, showed high radical scavenging property, in vitro and in vivo giving protection in head trauma and diabetic damage of endothelium.Control of mitochondrial function and morphology by manipulating fission and fusion is emerging as a target area for therapeutic strategies to decrease the pathological outcome of neurodegenerative diseases. Growing evidence supports the view that neurodegenerative diseases have multiple and common mechanisms in their aetiologies. These multifactorial aspects have changed the broadly common assumption that selective drugs are superior to "dirty drugs" for use in therapy. This drives the research in studies of novel compounds that might have multiple action mechanisms. In neurodegeneration, loss of neuronal signaling is a major cause of the symptoms, so preservation of neurotransmitters by inhibiting the breakdown enzymes is a first approach. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the drugs preferentially used in AD and that one of these, rivastigmine, is licensed also for PD. Several studies have shown that monoamine oxidase (MAO) B, located mainly in glial cells, increases with age and is elevated in Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson's Disease's (PD). Deprenyl, a MAO B inhibitor, significantly delays the initiation of levodopa treatment in PD patients. These indications underline that AChE and MAO are considered a necessary part of multi-target designed ligands (MTDL). However, both of these targets are simply symptomatic treatment so if new drugs are to prevent degeneration rather than compensate for loss of neurotransmitters, then oxidative stress and mitochondrial events must also be targeted. MAO inhibitors can protect neurons from apoptosis by mechanisms unrelated to enzyme inhibition. Understanding the involvement of MAO and other proteins in the induction and regulation of the apoptosis in mitochondria will aid progress toward strategies to prevent the loss of neurons. In general, the oxidative stress observed both in PD and AD indicate that antioxidant properties are a desirable part of MTDL molecules. After two or more properties are incorporated into one molecule, the passage from a lead compound to a therapeutic tool is strictly linked to its pharmacokinetic and toxicity. In this context the interaction of any new molecules with cytochrome P450 and other xenobiotic metabolic processes is a crucial point. The present review covers the biochemistry of enzymes targeted in the design of drugs against neurodegeneration and the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of MTDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R. Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. AndrewsSt. Andrews, UK
| | - Magdalena Majekova
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias and BIFI, Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di SienaSiena, Italy
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118
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Sharma S, Verma S, Kapoor M, Saini A, Nehru B. Alzheimer's disease like pathology induced six weeks after aggregated amyloid-beta injection in rats: increased oxidative stress and impaired long-term memory with anxiety-like behavior. Neurol Res 2016; 38:838-50. [PMID: 27431920 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1209337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide deposition into insoluble plaques is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but soluble oligomeric Aβ is considered to be more potent and has been hypothesized to directly impair learning and memory. Also, evidences from some clinical studies indicated that Aβ oligomer formation is the major cause for early AD onset. However, the biochemical mechanism involved in the oligomer-induced toxicity is not very well addressed. So, thise present study was undertaken to study the effects of single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of protofibrillar Aβ 1-42 on the behavioral and biochemical profile in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into two groups (n = 8 per group): (1) sham control group and (2) Aβ 1-42 injected group. A single dose of protofibrillar Aβ 1-42 (5 ul) through icv injection was bilaterally administered into the dorsal hippocampus, while sham control animals were administered with 5 µl of vehicle. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the protofibrillar Aβ significantly inhibited long-term memory retention and increased anxiety levels as shown by the behavioral studies. The amyloid deposits were present inside the brain even six weeks after injection as confirmed by thioflavin-T staining and the neurodegeneration induced by these deposits was confirmed by Nissl's staining in hippocampal and cortical regions. The amyloid aggregates induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, acetylcholinesterase activity, nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and inhibited antioxidant enzyme activity in hippocampus, cortex, and striatum regions of rat brain after six weeks. DISCUSSION The present study indicated that protofibrillar Aβ 1-42 injection altered long term memory, induced anxiety-like behavior and also developed Alzheimer's disease like pathology in rats.
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Key Words
- AChE, Acetylcholinesterase
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- APP, Amyloid precursor protein
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Amyloid beta 1-42
- Anxiety
- Aβ, Amyloid beta
- CA1, Cornus ammonis
- DCFH-DA, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DMSO, Dimethylsulphoxide
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- LTP, Long term potentiation
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- Memory retention
- NFT, neurofibrillary tangle
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TBA, Thiobarbituric acid
- Th-T, Thioflavin-T
- icv, intracerebroventricular
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Sharma
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Sonia Verma
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Monika Kapoor
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Avneet Saini
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Bimla Nehru
- a Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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119
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Wang J, Wang ZM, Li XM, Li F, Wu JJ, Kong LY, Wang XB. Synthesis and evaluation of multi-target-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on the fusion of donepezil and melatonin. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4324-4338. [PMID: 27460699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of compounds obtained by fusing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor donepezil and the antioxidant melatonin were designed as multi-target-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro assay indicated that most of the target compounds exhibited a significant ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE and hAChE), butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE and hBuChE), and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and to act as potential antioxidants and biometal chelators. Especially, 4u displayed a good inhibition of AChE (IC50 value of 193nM for eeAChE and 273nM for hAChE), strong inhibition of BuChE (IC50 value of 73nM for eqBuChE and 56nM for hBuChE), moderate inhibition of Aβ aggregation (56.3% at 20μM) and good antioxidant activity (3.28trolox equivalent by ORAC assay). Molecular modeling studies in combination with kinetic analysis revealed that 4u was a mixed-type inhibitor, binding simultaneously to catalytic anionic site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. In addition, 4u could chelate metal ions, reduce PC12 cells death induced by oxidative stress and penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Taken together, these results strongly indicated the hybridization approach is an efficient strategy to identify novel scaffolds with desired bioactivities, and further optimization of 4u may be helpful to develop more potent lead compound for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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120
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Maqbool M, Manral A, Jameel E, Kumar J, Saini V, Shandilya A, Tiwari M, Hoda N, Jayaram B. Development of cyanopyridine–triazine hybrids as lead multitarget anti-Alzheimer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2777-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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121
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Hebda M, Bajda M, Więckowska A, Szałaj N, Pasieka A, Panek D, Godyń J, Wichur T, Knez D, Gobec S, Malawska B. Synthesis, Molecular Modelling and Biological Evaluation of Novel Heterodimeric, Multiple Ligands Targeting Cholinesterases and Amyloid Beta. Molecules 2016; 21:410. [PMID: 27023510 PMCID: PMC6273065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinesterases and amyloid beta are one of the major biological targets in the search for a new and efficacious treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The study describes synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new compounds designed as dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Among the synthesized compounds, two deserve special attention--compounds 42 and 13. The former is a saccharin derivative and the most potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (EeAChE IC50 = 70 nM). Isoindoline-1,3-dione derivative 13 displays balanced inhibitory potency against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (EeAChE IC50 = 0.76 μM, EqBuChE IC50 = 0.618 μM), and it inhibits amyloid beta aggregation (35.8% at 10 μM). Kinetic studies show that the developed compounds act as mixed or non-competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. According to molecular modelling studies, they are able to interact with both catalytic and peripheral active sites of the acetylcholinesterase. Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was confirmed in vitro in the parallel artificial membrane permeability BBB assay. These compounds can be used as a solid starting point for further development of novel multifunctional ligands as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Hebda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Natalia Szałaj
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Anna Pasieka
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wichur
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Damijan Knez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
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da Silva GS, Figueiró M, Tormena CF, Coelho F, Almeida WP. Effects of novel acylhydrazones derived from 4-quinolone on the acetylcholinesterase activity and Aβ42 peptide fibrils formation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1464-70. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1144597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gisele S. da Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil and
| | - Micheli Figueiró
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio F. Tormena
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil and
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil and
| | - Wanda P Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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123
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Mantoani SP, Chierrito TPC, Vilela AFL, Cardoso CL, Martínez A, Carvalho I. Novel Triazole-Quinoline Derivatives as Selective Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020193. [PMID: 26861273 PMCID: PMC6273213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Currently, the only strategy for palliative treatment of AD is to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in order to increase the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. Evidence indicates that AChE also interacts with the β-amyloid (Aβ) protein, acting as a chaperone and increasing the number and neurotoxicity of Aβ fibrils. It is known that AChE has two binding sites: the peripheral site, responsible for the interactions with Aβ, and the catalytic site, related with acetylcholine hydrolysis. In this work, we reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of new tacrine-donepezil hybrids, as a potential dual binding site AChE inhibitor, containing a triazole-quinoline system. The synthesis of hybrids was performed in four steps using the click chemistry strategy. These compounds were evaluated as hAChE and hBChE inhibitors, and some derivatives showed IC50 values in the micro-molar range and were remarkably selective towards hAChE. Kinetic assays and molecular modeling studies confirm that these compounds block both catalytic and peripheral AChE sites. These results are quite interesting since the triazole-quinoline system is a new structural scaffold for AChE inhibitors. Furthermore, the synthetic approach is very efficient for the preparation of target compounds, allowing a further fruitful new chemical library optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susimaire P Mantoani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Talita P C Chierrito
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Adriana F L Vilela
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Carmen L Cardoso
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
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Machhi J, Sinha A, Patel P, Kanhed AM, Upadhyay P, Tripathi A, Parikh ZS, Chruvattil R, Pillai PP, Gupta S, Patel K, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Neuroprotective Potential of Novel Multi-Targeted Isoalloxazine Derivatives in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease Through Activation of Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling Pathway. Neurotox Res 2016; 29:495-513. [PMID: 26797524 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that Alzheimer's disease is protected by cholinesterase inhibitors. We synthesized some isoalloxazine derivatives and evaluated them using in vitro cholinesterase inhibition assay. Two of the compounds (7m and 7q) were figured out as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. They further showed anti-Aβ aggregatory activity in the in vitro assay. The current study deals with the evaluation of neuroprotective potentials of the potent compounds (7m and 7q) using different in vitro and in vivo experiments. The compounds were first assessed for their tendency to cross blood-brain barrier using in vitro permeation assay. They were evaluated using scopolamine-induced amnesic mice model. Additionally, ROS scavenging and anti-apoptotic properties of 7m and 7q were established against Aβ1-42-induced toxicity in rat hippocampal neuronal cells. 7m and 7q were also evaluated using Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer's rat model. Lastly, their involvement in Wnt/β-catenin pathway was also demonstrated. The results indicated good CNS penetration for 7m and 7q. The neuroprotective effects of 7m and 7q were evidenced by improved cognitive ability in both scopolamine and Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer's-like condition in rodents. The in vivo results also confirmed their anti-cholinesterase and anti-oxidant potential. Immunoblot results showed that treatment with 7m and 7q decreased Aβ1-42, p-tau, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP levels in Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer's rat brain. Additionally, immunoblot results demonstrated that 7m and 7q activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as evidenced by increased p-GSK-3, β-catenin, and neuroD1 levels in Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer's rat brain. These findings have shown that isoalloxazine derivatives (7m and 7q) could be the potential leads for developing effective drugs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Anshuman Sinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Pratik Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Ashish M Kanhed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Pragnesh Upadhyay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Zalak S Parikh
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Ragitha Chruvattil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Prakash P Pillai
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Sarita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Kirti Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Rajani Giridhar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India.
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Zha X, Lamba D, Zhang L, Lou Y, Xu C, Kang D, Chen L, Xu Y, Zhang L, De Simone A, Samez S, Pesaresi A, Stojan J, Lopez MG, Egea J, Andrisano V, Bartolini M. Novel Tacrine-Benzofuran Hybrids as Potent Multitarget-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and X-ray Crystallography. J Med Chem 2015; 59:114-31. [PMID: 26632651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six new tacrine-benzofuran hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro on key molecular targets for Alzheimer's disease. Most hybrids exhibited good inhibitory activities on cholinesterases and β-amyloid self-aggregation. Selected compounds displayed significant inhibition of human β-secretase-1 (hBACE-1). Among the 26 hybrids, 2e showed the most interesting profile as a subnanomolar selective inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) (IC50 = 0.86 nM) and a good inhibitor of both β-amyloid aggregation (hAChE- and self-induced, 61.3% and 58.4%, respectively) and hBACE-1 activity (IC50 = 1.35 μM). Kinetic studies showed that 2e acted as a slow, tight-binding, mixed-type inhibitor, while X-ray crystallographic studies highlighted the ability of 2e to induce large-scale structural changes in the active-site gorge of Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE), with significant implications for structure-based drug design. In vivo studies confirmed that 2e significantly ameliorates performances of scopolamine-treated ICR mice. Finally, 2e administration did not exhibit significant hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Doriano Lamba
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park - Basovizza , S.S. no. 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yinghan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Changxu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Di Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna , Corso d'Augusto 237, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Sarah Samez
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park - Basovizza , S.S. no. 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pesaresi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park - Basovizza , S.S. no. 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jure Stojan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manuela G Lopez
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna , Corso d'Augusto 237, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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126
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Korabecny J, Andrs M, Nepovimova E, Dolezal R, Babkova K, Horova A, Malinak D, Mezeiova E, Gorecki L, Sepsova V, Hrabinova M, Soukup O, Jun D, Kuca K. 7-Methoxytacrine-p-Anisidine Hybrids as Novel Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Molecules 2015; 20:22084-101. [PMID: 26690394 PMCID: PMC6331912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating progressive neurodegenerative disorder that ultimately leads to the patient's death. Despite the fact that novel pharmacological approaches endeavoring to block the neurodegenerative process are still emerging, none of them have reached use in clinical practice yet. Thus, palliative treatment represented by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and memantine are still the only therapeutics used. Following the multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy, herein we describe the synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies for novel 7-methoxytacrine-p-anisidine hybrids designed to purposely target both cholinesterases and the amyloid cascade. Indeed, the novel derivatives proved to be effective non-specific cholinesterase inhibitors showing non-competitive AChE inhibition patterns. This compounds' behavior was confirmed in the subsequent molecular modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Babkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Horova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - David Malinak
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vendula Sepsova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Jun
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
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127
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Zueva I, Semenov V, Mukhamedyarov M, Lushchekina S, Kharlamova A, Petukhova E, Mikhailov A, Podyachev S, Saifina L, Petrov K, Minnekhanova O, Zobov V, Nikolsky E, Masson P, Reznik V. 6-Methyluracil derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2015; 27 Suppl 1:S69-71. [DOI: 10.3233/jrs-150694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I.V. Zueva
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - V.E. Semenov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - S.V. Lushchekina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
- N.M.Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A.D. Kharlamova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - A.S. Mikhailov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
| | - S.N. Podyachev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
| | - L.F. Saifina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
| | - K.A. Petrov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia
| | - O.A. Minnekhanova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
| | - V.V. Zobov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - E.E. Nikolsky
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan, Russia
| | - P. Masson
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - V.S. Reznik
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
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128
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Dinamarca MC, Di Luca M, Godoy JA, Inestrosa NC. The soluble extracellular fragment of neuroligin-1 targets Aβ oligomers to the postsynaptic region of excitatory synapses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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129
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Semenov VE, Zueva IV, Mukhamedyarov MA, Lushchekina SV, Kharlamova AD, Petukhova EO, Mikhailov AS, Podyachev SN, Saifina LF, Petrov KA, Minnekhanova OA, Zobov VV, Nikolsky EE, Masson P, Reznik VS. 6-Methyluracil Derivatives as Bifunctional Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1863-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav E. Semenov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
| | - Irina V. Zueva
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str. 18 Kazan 420008 Russia
| | | | - Sofya V. Lushchekina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics; Kosygin str. 4 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Kharlamova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
| | | | - Anatoly S. Mikhailov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
| | - Sergey N. Podyachev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
| | - Lilya F. Saifina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Petrov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str. 18 Kazan 420008 Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Lobachevsky str. 2/31 Kazan 420111 Russia
| | - Oksana A. Minnekhanova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Zobov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str. 18 Kazan 420008 Russia
| | - Evgeny E. Nikolsky
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str. 18 Kazan 420008 Russia
- Kazan State Medical University; Butlerov str. 49 Kazan 420012 Russia
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Lobachevsky str. 2/31 Kazan 420111 Russia
| | - Patrick Masson
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str. 18 Kazan 420008 Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Reznik
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str. 8 Kazan 420088 Russia
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Cheng S, Zheng W, Gong P, Zhou Q, Xie Q, Yu L, Zhang P, Chen L, Li J, Chen J, Chen H, Chen H. (-)-Meptazinol-melatonin hybrids as novel dual inhibitors of cholinesterases and amyloid-β aggregation with high antioxidant potency for Alzheimer's therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3110-8. [PMID: 26025073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) implicates that multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) intervention may represent a promising therapy for AD. Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and oxidative stress, two prominent neuropathological hallmarks in patients, play crucial roles in the neurotoxic cascade of this disease. In the present study, a series of novel (-)-meptazinol-melatonin hybrids were designed, synthesized and biologically characterized as potential MTDLs against AD. Among them, hybrids 7-7c displayed higher dual inhibitory potency toward cholinesterases (ChEs) and better oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) than the parental drugs. Furthermore, compound 7c could effectively inhibit Aβ self-aggregation, showed favorable safety and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Therefore, 7c may serve as a valuable candidate that is worthy of further investigations in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medical, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lining Yu
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Peiyi Zhang
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Liangkang Chen
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Jianxing Chen
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hailin Chen
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives Drugs & Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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131
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Duan S, Guan X, Lin R, Liu X, Yan Y, Lin R, Zhang T, Chen X, Huang J, Sun X, Li Q, Fang S, Xu J, Yao Z, Gu H. Silibinin inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and amyloid β peptide aggregation: a dual-target drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1792-807. [PMID: 25771396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and cholinergic neurodegeneration. Therefore, in this paper, we examined silibinin, a flavonoid extracted from Silybum marianum, to determine its potential as a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ peptide aggregation for AD treatment. To achieve this, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to examine the affinity of silibinin with Aβ and AChE in silico. Next, we used circular dichroism and transmission electron microscopy to study the anti-Aβ aggregation capability of silibinin in vitro. Moreover, a Morris Water Maze test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine double labeling, and a gene gun experiment were performed on silibinin-treated APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In molecular dynamics simulations, silibinin interacted with Aβ and AChE to form different stable complexes. After the administration of silibinin, AChE activity and Aβ aggregations were down-regulated, and the quantity of AChE also decreased. In addition, silibinin-treated APP/PS1 transgenic mice had greater scores in the Morris Water Maze. Moreover, silibinin could increase the number of newly generated microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and neuronal precursor cells. Taken together, these data suggest that silibinin could act as a dual inhibitor of AChE and Aβ peptide aggregation, therefore suggesting a therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Duan
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyin Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runxuan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibang Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueman Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xicui Sun
- Guangzhou Brain and Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoliang Fang
- Key Lab of High Performance Computing of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Institute of Human Virology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiyu Gu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Interaction of prion protein with acetylcholinesterase: potential pathobiological implications in prion diseases. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:18. [PMID: 25853328 PMCID: PMC4383067 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prion protein (PrP) binds to various molecular partners, but little is known about their potential impact on the pathogenesis of prion diseases RESULTS Here, we show that PrP can interact in vitro with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a key protein of the cholinergic system in neural and non-neural tissues. This heterologous association induced aggregation of monomeric PrP and modified the structural properties of PrP amyloid fibrils. Following its recruitment into PrP fibrils, AChE loses its enzymatic activity and enhances PrP-mediated cytotoxicity. Using several truncated PrP variants and specific tight-binding AChE inhibitors (AChEis), we then demonstrate that the PrP-AChE interaction requires two mutually exclusive sub-sites in PrP N-terminal domain and an aromatic-rich region at the entrance of AChE active center gorge. We show that AChEis that target this site impair PrP-AChE complex formation and also limit the accumulation of pathological prion protein (PrPSc) in prion-infected cell cultures. Furthermore, reduction of AChE levels in prion-infected heterozygous AChE knock-out mice leads to slightly but significantly prolonged incubation time. Finally, we found that AChE levels were altered in prion-infected cells and tissues, suggesting that AChE might be directly associated with abnormal PrP. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that AChE deserves consideration as a new actor in expanding pathologically relevant PrP morphotypes and as a therapeutic target.
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Multi-target tacrine-coumarin hybrids: cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B inhibition properties against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:153-65. [PMID: 25812965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tacrine-coumarin hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi-target agents against Alzheimer's disease. The biological assays indicated that most of compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity toward AChE and BuChE, and clearly selective inhibition for MAO-B. Among these compounds, 14c exhibited strong inhibitory activity for AChE (IC50 values of 33.63 nM for eeAChE and 16.11 nM for hAChE) and BuChE (IC50 values of 80.72 nM for eqBuChE and 112.72 nM for hBuChE), and the highest inhibitory activity against hMAO-B (IC50 value of 0.24 μM). Kinetic and molecular modeling studies revealed that 14c was a mixed-type inhibitor, binding simultaneously to catalytic, peripheral and mid-gorge sites of AChE. It was also a competitive inhibitor, which covered the substrate and entrance cavities of MAO-B. Moreover, 14c could penetrate the CNS and show low cell toxicity. Overall, these results suggested that 14c might be an excellent multi-target agent for AD treatment.
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Liu Q, Qiang X, Li Y, Sang Z, Li Y, Tan Z, Deng Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of chromone-2-carboxamido-alkylbenzylamines as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:911-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Vandeput M, Parsajoo C, Vanheuverzwijn J, Patris S, Yardim Y, le Jeune A, Sarakbi A, Mertens D, Kauffmann JM. Flow-through enzyme immobilized amperometric detector for the rapid screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by flow injection analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pérez-Areales FJ, Di Pietro O, Espargaró A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Galdeano C, Ragusa IM, Viayna E, Guillou C, Clos MV, Pérez B, Sabaté R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Luque FJ, Muñoz-Torrero D. Shogaol–huprine hybrids: Dual antioxidant and anticholinesterase agents with β-amyloid and tau anti-aggregating properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5298-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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137
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Sinha A, Tamboli RS, Seth B, Kanhed AM, Tiwari SK, Agarwal S, Nair S, Giridhar R, Chaturvedi RK, Yadav MR. Neuroprotective Role of Novel Triazine Derivatives by Activating Wnt/β Catenin Signaling Pathway in Rodent Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:638-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hamulakova S, Imrich J, Janovec L, Kristian P, Danihel I, Holas O, Pohanka M, Böhm S, Kozurkova M, Kuca K. Novel tacrine/acridine anticholinesterase inhibitors with piperazine and thiourea linkers. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:435-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Di Pietro O, Pérez-Areales FJ, Juárez-Jiménez J, Espargaró A, Clos MV, Pérez B, Lavilla R, Sabaté R, Luque FJ, Muñoz-Torrero D. Tetrahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine-6-chlorotacrine hybrids as a new family of anti-Alzheimer agents targeting β-amyloid, tau, and cholinesterase pathologies. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zimmermann M. Neuronal AChE splice variants and their non-hydrolytic functions: redefining a target of AChE inhibitors? Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:953-67. [PMID: 23991627 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AChE enzymatic inhibition is a core focus of pharmacological intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, AChE has also been ascribed non-hydrolytic functions, which seem related to its appearance in various isoforms. Neuronal AChE presents as a tailed form (AChE-T) predominantly found on the neuronal synapse, and a facultatively expressed readthough form (AChE-R), which exerts short to medium-term protective effects. Notably, this latter form is also found in the periphery. While these non-hydrolytic functions of AChE are most controversially discussed, there is evidence for them being additional targets of AChE inhibitors. This review aims to provide clarification as to the role of these AChE splice variants and their interplay with other cholinergic parameters and their being targets of AChE inhibition: AChE-R is particularly involved in the mediation of (anti-)apoptotic events in cholinergic cells, involving adaptation of various cholinergic parameters and a time-dependent link to the expression of neuroprotective factors. The AChE-T C-terminus is central to AChE activity regulation, while isolated AChE-T C-terminal fragments mediate toxic effects via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. There is direct evidence for roles of AChE-T and AChE-R in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection, with these roles involving AChE as a key modulator of the cholinergic system: in vivo data further encourages the use of AChE inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as AD since effects on both enzymatic activity and the enzyme's non-hydrolytic functions can be postulated. It also suggests that novel AChE inhibitors should enhance protective AChE-R, while avoiding the concomitant up-regulation of AChE-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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141
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López-Iglesias B, Pérez C, Morales-García JA, Alonso-Gil S, Pérez-Castillo A, Romero A, López MG, Villarroya M, Conde S, Rodríguez-Franco MI. New Melatonin–N,N-Dibenzyl(N-methyl)amine Hybrids: Potent Neurogenic Agents with Antioxidant, Cholinergic, and Neuroprotective Properties as Innovative Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3773-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz López-Iglesias
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Morales-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo
Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G. López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo
Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Villarroya
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo
Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Conde
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez-Franco
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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The neuroligins and their ligands: from structure to function at the synapse. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 53:387-96. [PMID: 24497299 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The neuroligins are cell adhesion proteins whose extracellular domain belongs to the α/β-hydrolase fold family of proteins, mainly containing enzymes and exemplified by acetylcholinesterase. The ectodomain of postsynaptic neuroligins interacts through a calcium ion with the ectodomain of presynaptic neurexins to form flexible trans-synaptic associations characterized by selectivity for neuroligin or neurexin subtypes. This heterophilic interaction, essential for synaptic differentiation, maturation, and maintenance, is regulated by gene selection, alternative mRNA splicing, and posttranslational modifications. Mutations leading to deficiencies in the expression, folding, maturation, and binding properties of either partner are associated with autism spectrum disorders. The currently available structural and functional data illustrate how these two families of cell adhesion molecules bridge the synaptic cleft to participate in synapse plasticity and support its dynamic nature. Neuroligin partners distinct from the neurexins, and which may undergo either trans or cis interaction, have also been described, and tridimensional structures of some of them are available. Our study emphasizes the partnership versatility of the neuroligin ectodomain associated with molecular flexibility and alternative binding sites, proposes homology models of the structurally non-characterized neuroligin partners, and exemplifies the large structural variability at the surface of the α/β-hydrolase fold subunit. This study also provides new insights into possible surface binding sites associated with non-catalytic properties of the acetylcholinesterase subunit.
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Bolognesi ML. Amyloid Chemical Probes and Theranostics: Steps Toward Personalized Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527677252.ch09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abuhamdah S, Habash M, Taha MO. Elaborate ligand-based modeling coupled with QSAR analysis and in silico screening reveal new potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2013; 27:1075-92. [PMID: 24338032 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-013-9699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been shown to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases prompting several attempts to discover and optimize new AChE inhibitors. In this direction, we explored the pharmacophoric space of 85 AChE inhibitors to identify high quality pharmacophores. Subsequently, we implemented genetic algorithm-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling to select optimal combination of pharmacophoric models and 2D physicochemical descriptors capable of explaining bioactivity variation among training compounds (r2(68)=0.94, F-statistic=125.8, r2 LOO=0.92, r2 PRESS against 17 external test inhibitors = 0.84). Two orthogonal pharmacophores emerged in the QSAR equation suggesting the existence of at least two binding modes accessible to ligands within AChE binding pocket. The successful pharmacophores were comparable with crystallographically resolved AChE binding pocket. We employed the pharmacophoric models and associated QSAR equation to screen the national cancer institute list of compounds. Twenty-four low micromolar AChE inhibitors were identified. The most potent gave IC50 value of 1.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abuhamdah
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Gros K, Parato G, Pirkmajer S, Mis K, Podbregar M, Grubic Z, Lorenzon P, Mars T. Non-synaptic roles of acetylcholinesterase and agrin. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 53:454-60. [PMID: 24326956 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteins in living organisms have names that are usually derived from their function in the biochemical system their discoverer was investigating. Typical examples are acetylcholinesterase and agrin; however, for both of these, various other functions that are not related to the cholinergic system have been revealed. Our investigations have been focused on the alternative roles of acetylcholinesterase and agrin in the processes of muscle development and regeneration. Previously, we described a role for agrin in the development of excitability in muscle contraction. In this study, we report the effects of agrin on secretion of interleukin 6 in developing human muscle. At the myoblast stage, agrin increases interleukin 6 secretion. This effect seems to be general as it was observed in all of the cell models analysed (human, mouse, cell lines). After fusion of myoblasts into myotubes, the effects of agrin are no longer evident, although agrin has further effects at the innervation stage, at least in in vitro innervated human muscle. These effects of agrin are another demonstration of its non-synaptic roles that are apparently developmental-stage specific. Our data support the view that acetylcholinesterase and agrin participate in various processes during development of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Gros
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer therapy: From nerve toxins to neuroprotection. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:165-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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147
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Johansson P, Almqvist EG, Johansson JO, Mattsson N, Andreasson U, Hansson O, Wallin A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Svensson J. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and CSF acetylcholinesterase activity are reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81989. [PMID: 24312390 PMCID: PMC3843721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known of vitamin D concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its relation with CSF acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, a marker of cholinergic function. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 52 consecutive patients under primary evaluation of cognitive impairment and 17 healthy controls. The patients had AD dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD dementia upon follow-up (n = 28), other dementias (n = 12), and stable MCI (SMCI, n = 12). We determined serum and CSF concentrations of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and CSF activities of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). FINDINGS CSF 25OHD level was reduced in AD patients (P < 0.05), and CSF AChE activity was decreased both in patients with AD (P < 0.05) and other dementias (P < 0.01) compared to healthy controls. None of the measured variables differed between BuChE K-variant genotypes whereas the participants that were homozygous in terms of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele had decreased CSF AChE activity compared to subjects lacking the APOE ε4 allele (P = 0.01). In AD patients (n=28), CSF AChE activity correlated positively with CSF levels of total tau (T-tau) (r = 0.44, P < 0.05) and phosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) (r = 0.50, P < 0.01), but CSF activities of AChE or BuChE did not correlate with serum or CSF levels of 25OHD. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, both CSF 25OHD level and CSF AChE activity were reduced in AD patients. However, the lack of correlations between 25OHD levels and CSF activities of AChE or BuChE might suggest different mechanisms of action, which could have implications for treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Johansson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Falköping, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik G. Almqvist
- Department of Endocrinology, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Jan-Ove Johansson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VA Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Rosini M, Simoni E, Milelli A, Minarini A, Melchiorre C. Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease: Are We Connecting the Dots? J Med Chem 2013; 57:2821-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400970m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rosini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Simoni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto
237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Melchiorre
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Molecular modelling studies on flavonoid derivatives as dual site inhibitors of human acetyl cholinesterase using 3D-QSAR, pharmacophore and high throughput screening approaches. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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150
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Li G, Klein J, Zimmermann M. Pathophysiological amyloid concentrations induce sustained upregulation of readthrough acetylcholinesterase mediating anti-apoptotic effects. Neuroscience 2013; 240:349-60. [PMID: 23485809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergically differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with a pathophysiologically relevant, low (300 nM), and a high (3 μM) dose of amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta) or 42-1 (revAbeta). At early (1 and 4h) and late (24h) time points, the pro- and anti-apoptotic factors--caspase-3 and p53, and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2), respectively--were assessed together with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as measure of cell viability and ATP levels as marker of mitochondrial activity. The low peptide dose significantly increased Bcl-2 and, time-delayed, caspase-3 and ATP levels, but barely impacted on LDH release, while the high concentration remarkably depressed Bcl-2 levels, depleted ATP and led to increased LDH release. We also monitored acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymatic activity and splice variant levels (tailed and readthrough AChE; AChE-T and AChE-R), and assessed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and high-affinity choline uptake (HACU). The low Abeta concentration drastically upregulated AChE-R and increased both ChAT and HACU, while the high dose caused cholinergic toxicity. We believe this study offers the first insight into the highly concentration-dependent effects of Abeta on cholinergic dynamics. In particular, it highlights the rescuing role of AChE-R as being, together with mitochondrial activity, involved in cholinergic adaptation to low doses of Abeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Biocentre N260, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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