101
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Collings TJ, Bourne MN, Barrett RS, Meinders E, GONçALVES BASAM, Shield AJ, Diamond LE. Gluteal Muscle Forces during Hip-Focused Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:650-660. [PMID: 36918403 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare and rank gluteal muscle forces in eight hip-focused exercises performed with and without external resistance and describe the underlying fiber lengths, velocities, and muscle activations. METHODS Motion capture, ground reaction forces, and electromyography (EMG) were used as input to an EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal model to estimate gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus muscle forces. Participants were 14 female footballers (18-32 yr old) with at least 3 months of lower limb strength training experience. Each participant performed eight hip-focused exercises (single-leg squat, split squat, single-leg Romanian deadlift [RDL], single-leg hip thrust, banded side step, hip hike, side plank, and side-lying leg raise) with and without 12 repetition maximum (RM) resistance. For each muscle, exercises were ranked by peak muscle force, and k-means clustering separated exercises into four tiers. RESULTS The tier 1 exercises for gluteus maximus were loaded split squat (95% confidence interval [CI] = 495-688 N), loaded single-leg RDL (95% CI = 500-655 N), and loaded single-leg hip thrust (95% CI = 505-640 N). The tier 1 exercises for gluteus medius were body weight side plank (95% CI = 338-483 N), loaded single-leg squat (95% CI = 278-422 N), and loaded single-leg RDL (95% CI = 283-405 N). The tier 1 exercises for gluteus minimus were loaded single-leg RDL (95% CI = 267-389 N) and body weight side plank (95% CI = 272-382 N). Peak gluteal muscle forces increased by 28-150 N when exercises were performed with 12RM external resistance compared with body weight only. Peak muscle force coincided with maximum fiber length for most exercises. CONCLUSIONS Gluteal muscle forces were exercise specific, and peak muscle forces increased by varying amounts when adding a 12RM external resistance. These findings may inform exercise selection by facilitating the targeting of individual gluteal muscles and optimization of mechanical loads to match performance, injury prevention, or rehabilitation training goals.
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102
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Valente G, Benedetti MG, De Paolis M, Donati DM, Taddei F. Differences in hip musculoskeletal loads between limbs during daily activities in patients with 3D-printed hemipelvic reconstructions following tumor surgery. Gait Posture 2023; 102:56-63. [PMID: 36924596 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatomical custom-made prostheses, thanks to computer-aided design and 3D-printing technology, help improve osseointegration and reduce mechanical complications in bone reconstructions following bone tumors. A recent quantitative analysis of long-term recovery in patients with 3D-printed reconstructions following pelvic tumor surgery showed asymmetries in ground reaction forces between limbs during different motor activities, while standing very good motor performance and quality of life. RESEARCH QUESTION We analyzed hip contact forces and muscle forces in that cohort of six patients with an innovative custom-made reconstruction of the hemipelvis, and we tested the hypothesis that asymmetries in ground reaction forces would result in more marked differences in musculoskeletal forces. METHODS State-of-the-art musculoskeletal modeling in an optimization-based inverse-dynamics workflow was used to calculate hip contact forces and muscle forces during five motor activities, and the differences between limbs were statistically evaluated across the motor activity cycles and on the force peaks. RESULTS The musculoskeletal loads were found to be not symmetric, as hip loads were generally higher in the contralateral limb. We found significant differences in considerable portions of the motor activities cycles except squat, load symmetry indices indicating a load increase (median up to 25%) on the contralateral limb, especially during stair descent and chair rise/sit, and significantly higher values in the contralateral limb at force peaks. SIGNIFICANCE We confirmed the hypothesis that residual asymmetries found in ground reaction forces were amplified when hip musculoskeletal loads were investigated, reflecting a shift of the loads toward the intact limb. Despite the general trend of higher loads found in the contralateral hip, this cannot be considered a risk of overloading, as both hips supported loads in a physiological range or lower, indicating a likely optimal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Valente
- Bioengineering and Computing Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Benedetti
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paolis
- Department of Orthopaedics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Fulvia Taddei
- Bioengineering and Computing Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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103
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Bahadormanesh N, Tomka B, Kadem M, Khodaei S, Keshavarz-Motamed Z. An ultrasound-exclusive non-invasive computational diagnostic framework for personalized cardiology of aortic valve stenosis. Med Image Anal 2023; 87:102795. [PMID: 37060702 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is an acute and chronic cardiovascular disease and If left untreated, 50% of these patients will die within two years of developing symptoms. AS is characterized as the stiffening of the aortic valve leaflets which restricts their motion and prevents the proper opening under transvalvular pressure. Assessments of the valve dynamics, if available, would provide valuable information about the patient's state of cardiac deterioration as well as heart recovery and can have incredible impacts on patient care, planning interventions and making critical clinical decisions with life-threatening risks. Despite remarkable advancements in medical imaging, there are no clinical tools available to quantify valve dynamics invasively or noninvasively. In this study, we developed a highly innovative ultrasound-based non-invasive computational framework that can function as a diagnostic tool to assess valve dynamics (e.g. transient 3-D distribution of stress and displacement, 3-D deformed shape of leaflets, geometric orifice area and angular positions of leaflets) for patients with AS at no risk to the patients. Such a diagnostic tool considers the local valve dynamics and the global circulatory system to provide a platform for testing the intervention scenarios and evaluating their effects. We used clinical data of 12 patients with AS not only to validate the proposed framework but also to demonstrate its diagnostic abilities by providing novel analyses and interpretations of clinical data in both pre and post intervention states. We used transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) data for the developments and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) data for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Tomka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mason Kadem
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Seyedvahid Khodaei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zahra Keshavarz-Motamed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Computational Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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104
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Meszaros-Beller L, Antico M, Fontanarosa D, Pivonka P. Assessment of thoracic spinal curvatures in static postures using spatially tracked 3D ultrasound volumes: a proof-of-concept study. Phys Eng Sci Med 2023; 46:197-208. [PMID: 36625994 PMCID: PMC10030537 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-022-01210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of spinal posture is a difficult endeavour given the lack of identifiable bony landmarks for placement of skin markers. Moreover, potentially significant soft tissue artefacts along the spine further affect the accuracy of marker-based approaches. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to develop an experimental framework to assess spinal postures by using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) imaging. A phantom spine model immersed in water was scanned using 3D US in a neutral and two curved postures mimicking a forward flexion in the sagittal plane while the US probe was localised by three electromagnetic tracking sensors attached to the probe head. The obtained anatomical 'coarse' registrations were further refined using an automatic registration algorithm and validated by an experienced sonographer. Spinal landmarks were selected in the US images and validated against magnetic resonance imaging data of the same phantom through image registration. Their position was then related to the location of the tracking sensors identified in the acquired US volumes, enabling the localisation of landmarks in the global coordinate system of the tracking device. Results of this study show that localised 3D US enables US-based anatomical reconstructions comparable to clinical standards and the identification of spinal landmarks in different postures of the spine. The accuracy in sensor identification was 0.49 mm on average while the intra- and inter-observer reliability in sensor identification was strongly correlated with a maximum deviation of 0.8 mm. Mapping of landmarks had a small relative distance error of 0.21 mm (SD = ± 0.16) on average. This study implies that localised 3D US holds the potential for the assessment of full spinal posture by accurately and non-invasively localising vertebrae in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meszaros-Beller
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Maria Antico
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Queensland, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Davide Fontanarosa
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Pivonka
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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105
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Willson AM, Anderson AJ, Richburg CA, Muir BC, Czerniecki J, Steele KM, Aubin PM. Full body musculoskeletal model for simulations of gait in persons with transtibial amputation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:412-423. [PMID: 35499924 PMCID: PMC9626388 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2065630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development, properties, and evaluation of a musculoskeletal model that reflects the anatomical and prosthetic properties of a transtibial amputee using OpenSim. Average passive prosthesis properties were used to develop CAD models of a socket, pylon, and foot to replace the lower leg. Additional degrees of freedom (DOF) were included in each joint of the prosthesis for potential use in a range of research areas, such as socket torque and socket pistoning. The ankle has three DOFs to provide further generality to the model. Seven transtibial amputee subjects were recruited for this study. 3 D motion capture, ground reaction force, and electromyographic (EMG) data were collected while participants wore their prescribed prosthesis, and then a passive prototype prosthesis instrumented with a 6-DOF load cell in series with the pylon. The model's estimates of the ankle, knee, and hip kinematics comparable to previous studies. The load cell provided an independent experimental measure of ankle joint torque, which was compared to inverse dynamics results from the model and showed a 7.7% mean absolute error. EMG data and muscle outputs from OpenSim's Static Optimization tool were qualitatively compared and showed reasonable agreement. Further improvements to the muscle characteristics or prosthesis-specific foot models may be necessary to better characterize individual amputee gait. The model is open-source and available at (https://simtk.org/projects/biartprosthesis) for other researchers to use to advance our understanding and amputee gait and assist with the development of new lower limb prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Willson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA,VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle WA, USA
| | - Anthony J. Anderson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA,VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle WA, USA
| | | | - Brittney C. Muir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA,VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle WA, USA
| | - Joseph Czerniecki
- VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle WA, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Katherine M. Steele
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Aubin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA,VA RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), Seattle WA, USA
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106
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Wheatley BB, Chaclas NA, Seeley MA. Patellofemoral joint load and knee abduction/adduction moment are sensitive to variations in femoral version and individual muscle forces. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:570-582. [PMID: 35689506 PMCID: PMC9741666 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Torsional profiles of the lower limbs, such as femoral anteversion, can dictate gait and mobility, joint biomechanics and pain, and functional impairment. It currently remains unclear how the interactions between femoral anteversion, kinematics, and muscle activity patterns contribute to joint biomechanics and thus conditions such as knee pain. This study presents a computational modeling approach to investigating the interactions between femoral anteversion, muscle forces, and knee joint loads. We employed an optimal control approach to produce actuator and muscle-driven simulations of the stance phase of gait for femoral anteversion angles ranging from -8° (retroversion) to 52° (anteversion) with a typically developing baseline of 12° of anteversion and implemented a Monte Carlo analysis for variations in lower limb muscle forces. While total patellofemoral joint load decreased with increasing femoral anteversion, patellofemoral joint load alignment worsened, and knee abduction/adduction magnitude increased with both positive and negative changes in femoral anteversion (p < 0.001). The rectus femoris muscle was found to greatly influence patellofemoral joint loads across all femoral anteversion alignments (R > 0.8, p < 0.001), and the medial gastrocnemius was found to greatly influence knee abduction/adduction moments for the extreme version cases (R > 0.74, p < 0.001). Along with the vastus lateralis, which decreased with increasing femoral anteversion (R = 0.89, p < 0.001), these muscles are prime candidates for future experimental and clinical efforts to address joint pain in individuals with extreme femoral version. These findings, along with future modeling efforts, could help clinicians better design treatment strategies for knee joint pain in populations with extreme femoral anteversion or retroversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Wheatley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA
| | | | - Mark A Seeley
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
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107
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Arnold N, Scott J, Bush TR. A review of the characterizations of soft tissues used in human body modeling: Scope, limitations, and the path forward. J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:286-304. [PMID: 36878737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue material properties are vital to human body models that evaluate interactions between the human body and its environment. Such models evaluate internal stress/strain responses in soft tissues to investigate issues like pressure injuries. Numerous constitutive models and parameters have been used to represent mechanical behavior of soft tissues in biomechanical models under quasi-static loading. However, researchers reported that generic material properties cannot accurately represent specific target populations due to large inter-individual variability. Two challenges that exist are experimental mechanical characterization and constitutive modeling of biological soft tissues and personalization of constitutive parameters using non-invasive, non-destructive bedside testing methods. It is imperative to understand the scope and appropriate applications for reported material properties. Thus, the goal of this paper was to compile studies from which soft tissue material properties were obtained and categorize them by source of tissue samples, methods used to quantify deformation, and material models used to describe tissues. The collected studies displayed wide ranges of material properties, and factors that affected the properties included whether tissue samples were in vivo or ex vivo, from humans or animals, the body region tested, body position during in vivo studies, deformation measurements, and material models used to describe tissues. Because of the factors that affected reported material properties, it is clear that much progress has been made in understanding soft tissue responses to loading, yet there is a need to broaden the scope of reported soft tissue material properties and better match reported properties to appropriate human body models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Arnold
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S Shaw Lane, Rm. 2555 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226, USA
| | - Justin Scott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S Shaw Lane, Rm. 2555 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226, USA
| | - Tamara Reid Bush
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S Shaw Lane, Rm. 2555 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226, USA.
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108
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Beck ON, Shepherd MK, Rastogi R, Martino G, Ting LH, Sawicki GS. Exoskeletons need to react faster than physiological responses to improve standing balance. Sci Robot 2023; 8:eadf1080. [PMID: 36791215 PMCID: PMC10169237 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adf1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining balance throughout daily activities is challenging because of the unstable nature of the human body. For instance, a person's delayed reaction times limit their ability to restore balance after disturbances. Wearable exoskeletons have the potential to enhance user balance after a disturbance by reacting faster than physiologically possible. However, "artificially fast" balance-correcting exoskeleton torque may interfere with the user's ensuing physiological responses, consequently hindering the overall reactive balance response. Here, we show that exoskeletons need to react faster than physiological responses to improve standing balance after postural perturbations. Delivering ankle exoskeleton torque before the onset of physiological reactive joint moments improved standing balance by 9%, whereas delaying torque onset to coincide with that of physiological reactive ankle moments did not. In addition, artificially fast exoskeleton torque disrupted the ankle mechanics that generate initial local sensory feedback, but the initial reactive soleus muscle activity was only reduced by 18% versus baseline. More variance of the initial reactive soleus muscle activity was accounted for using delayed and scaled whole-body mechanics [specifically center of mass (CoM) velocity] versus local ankle-or soleus fascicle-mechanics, supporting the notion that reactive muscle activity is commanded to achieve task-level goals, such as maintaining balance. Together, to elicit symbiotic human-exoskeleton balance control, device torque may need to be informed by mechanical estimates of global sensory feedback, such as CoM kinematics, that precede physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen N Beck
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Max K Shepherd
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rish Rastogi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Giovanni Martino
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lena H Ting
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory S Sawicki
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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109
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Nitschke M, Marzilger R, Leyendecker S, Eskofier BM, Koelewijn AD. Change the direction: 3D optimal control simulation by directly tracking marker and ground reaction force data. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14852. [PMID: 36778146 PMCID: PMC9912948 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal control simulations of musculoskeletal models can be used to reconstruct motions measured with optical motion capture to estimate joint and muscle kinematics and kinetics. These simulations are mutually and dynamically consistent, in contrast to traditional inverse methods. Commonly, optimal control simulations are generated by tracking generalized coordinates in combination with ground reaction forces. The generalized coordinates are estimated from marker positions using, for example, inverse kinematics. Hence, inaccuracies in the estimated coordinates are tracked in the simulation. We developed an approach to reconstruct arbitrary motions, such as change of direction motions, using optimal control simulations of 3D full-body musculoskeletal models by directly tracking marker and ground reaction force data. For evaluation, we recorded three trials each of straight running, curved running, and a v-cut for 10 participants. We reconstructed the recordings with marker tracking simulations, coordinate tracking simulations, and inverse kinematics and dynamics. First, we analyzed the convergence of the simulations and found that the wall time increased three to four times when using marker tracking compared to coordinate tracking. Then, we compared the marker trajectories, ground reaction forces, pelvis translations, joint angles, and joint moments between the three reconstruction methods. Root mean squared deviations between measured and estimated marker positions were smallest for inverse kinematics (e.g., 7.6 ± 5.1 mm for v-cut). However, measurement noise and soft tissue artifacts are likely also tracked in inverse kinematics, meaning that this approach does not reflect a gold standard. Marker tracking simulations resulted in slightly higher root mean squared marker deviations (e.g., 9.5 ± 6.2 mm for v-cut) than inverse kinematics. In contrast, coordinate tracking resulted in deviations that were nearly twice as high (e.g., 16.8 ± 10.5 mm for v-cut). Joint angles from coordinate tracking followed the estimated joint angles from inverse kinematics more closely than marker tracking (e.g., root mean squared deviation of 1.4 ± 1.8 deg vs. 3.5 ± 4.0 deg for v-cut). However, we did not have a gold standard measurement of the joint angles, so it is unknown if this larger deviation means the solution is less accurate. In conclusion, we showed that optimal control simulations of change of direction running motions can be created by tracking marker and ground reaction force data. Marker tracking considerably improved marker accuracy compared to coordinate tracking. Therefore, we recommend reconstructing movements by directly tracking marker data in the optimal control simulation when precise marker tracking is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Nitschke
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Marzilger
- Division Positioning and Networks, Fraunhofer IIS, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Leyendecker
- Institute of Applied Dynamics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern M. Eskofier
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne D. Koelewijn
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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110
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Kainz H, Jonkers I. Imaging-based musculoskeletal models alter muscle and joint contact forces but do not improve the agreement with experimentally measured electromyography signals in children with cerebral palsy. Gait Posture 2023; 100:91-95. [PMID: 36502666 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal simulations are used to estimate muscle-tendon and joint contact forces (JCF). Personalizing the model's femoral geometry has been shown to improve the accuracy of JCF calculations. It is, however, unknown if the personalized geometry improves the agreement between estimated muscle activations and experimentally measured electromyography (EMG) signals. RESEARCH QUESTION Does personalizing the musculoskeletal geometry improve the agreement between estimated muscle activations and EMG signals in terms of timing? METHODS We retrospectively analysed data from Bosmans et al. [5], which included three-dimensional motion capture data, EMG signals of eight lower limb muscles on each leg, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from seven children with cerebral palsy. For each patient we created a generic-scaled model and MRI-based model, which accounted for the subject-specific musculoskeletal geometry. We calculated muscle activations, muscle-tendon forces and JCF. Muscle activations were compared to the EMG signals using coefficient of determination and cosines similarity. RESULTS MRI-based models altered the magnitude of muscle activations and had a large impact on JCF but did not change the muscle activations profiles and therefore did not improve the agreement with EMG signals. SIGNIFICANCE MRI-based models do not alter the shape of muscle activations. Hence, if detailed muscle activations are a desired output of the simulations, EMG-informed modeling approaches should be used for musculoskeletal simulation in children with cerebral palsy. Furthermore, our study highlighted that altered JCF does not necessarily mean accurate muscle activations. To improve patient-specific simulations, future work should focus on developing methods to estimate cost functions representative for the neural control of children with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Kainz
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Neuromechanics Research Group, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Department of Movement Science, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven, Belgium
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111
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Halloran JP, Abdollahi Nohouji N, Hafez MA, Besier TF, Chokhandre SK, Elmasry S, Hume DR, Imhauser CW, Rooks NB, Schneider MTY, Schwartz A, Shelburne KB, Zaylor W, Erdemir A. Assessment of reporting practices and reproducibility potential of a cohort of published studies in computational knee biomechanics. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:325-334. [PMID: 35502762 PMCID: PMC9630164 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible research serves as a pillar of the scientific method and is a foundation for scientific advancement. However, estimates for irreproducibility of preclinical science range from 75% to 90%. The importance of reproducible science has not been assessed in the context of mechanics-based modeling of human joints such as the knee, despite this being an area that has seen dramatic growth. Framed in the context of five experienced teams currently documenting knee modeling procedures, the aim of this study was to evaluate reporting and the perceived potential for reproducibility across studies the teams viewed as important contributions to the literature. A cohort of studies was selected by polling, which resulted in an assessment of nine studies as opposed to a broader analysis across the literature. Using a published checklist for reporting of modeling features, the cohort was evaluated for both "reporting" and their potential to be "reproduced," which was delineated into six major modeling categories and three subcategories. Logistic regression analysis revealed that for individual modeling categories, the proportion of "reported" occurrences ranged from 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.23, 0.41] to 0.77, 95% CI: [0.68, 0.86]. The proportion of whether a category was perceived as "reproducible" ranged from 0.22, 95% CI: [0.15, 0.31] to 0.44, 95% CI: [0.35, 0.55]. The relatively low ratios highlight an opportunity to improve reporting and reproducibility of knee modeling studies. Ongoing efforts, including our findings, contribute to a dialogue that facilitates adoption of practices that provide both credibility and translation possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Halloran
- Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA,Corresponding author: Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, Phone: 509-358-7713,
| | - Neda Abdollahi Nohouji
- Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHIO, USA
| | - Mhd Ammar Hafez
- Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Civil Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thor F Besier
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ,Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - Snehal K Chokhandre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHIO, USA,Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Shady Elmasry
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Hume
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA,Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Carl W Imhauser
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nynke B Rooks
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | | | - Ariel Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHIO, USA,Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Kevin B Shelburne
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA,Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - William Zaylor
- Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmet Erdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHIO, USA,Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
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112
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Thorsen T, Wen C, Porter J, Reinbolt J, Weinhandl JT, Zhang S. Tibiofemoral compressive force during downhill walking in patients with primary total knee arthroplasty: A statistical parametric mapping approach. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 102:105900. [PMID: 36739666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Downhill walking is a necessary part of daily life and an effective activity in post-operative rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the behavior of total, medial, and lateral tibiofemoral compressive forces as well as knee extensor and flexor muscle forces between different limbs of patients with total knee arthroplasty (replaced, non-replaced) during downhill and level walking. METHODS Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation were implemented to determine muscle forces and tibiofemoral compressive forces in 25 patients with total knee arthroplasty. A 2 × 2 [Limb (replaced, non-replaced) × Slope (0°, 10°)] Statistical parametric mapping repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted on selected variables. FINDINGS Statistical parametric mapping did not identify any between-limb differences for compressive or muscle forces. Differences in joint compressive and muscle forces persisted throughout different intervals of stance-phase between level and downhill walking. Knee extensor muscle forces were distinctly greater during level walking for nearly all of stance phase. Knee flexor muscle force was greater during downhill walking for >60% of stance. Statistical parametric mapping did identify regions of significance between level and downhill walking that coincided temporally (near loading response and push off) with peak joint moment and joint compressive forces traditionally reported using discrete variable analyses. INTERPRETATION Downhill walking may be a safe and useful rehabilitation tool for post-knee arthroplasty rehabilitation that will not disproportionally load either the replaced or the non-replaced joint and where the quadriceps muscles can be strengthened during a gait-specific task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Thorsen
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Chen Wen
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jared Porter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery Reinbolt
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua T Weinhandl
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Songning Zhang
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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113
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Ankle joint contact force profiles differ between those with and without chronic ankle instability during walking. Gait Posture 2023; 100:1-7. [PMID: 36459912 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit aberrant gait biomechanics relative to uninjured controls. Altered gait biomechanics likely contribute aberrant joint loading and subsequent early onset ankle joint degeneration. Joint (i.e. cartilage) loading cannot be directly measured without invasive procedures but can be estimated via joint contact forces (JCF) generated from musculoskeletal modeling. However, no investigation has quantified JCF in those with CAI during walking despite the link between ligamentous injury and ankle post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis. RESEARCH QUESTION Do patients with CAI exhibit altered ankle compressive and shear JCF profiles during the stance phase of walking compared to those without CAI? METHODS Ten individuals with CAI and 10 individuals without a history of ankle sprain completed a gait assessment at their self-selected speed on an instrumented treadmill. Musculoskeletal modeling was applied to estimate ankle JCF variables within a generic model. Variables included the peak, impulse, and loading rates for compressive, anteroposterior shear, and mediolateral shear JCF. RESULTS Those with CAI had significantly different JCF forces, relative to uninjured controls, in all directions. More specifically, lower compressive peak and impulse values were noted while higher anteroposterior shearing forces (1 st peak, impulse, loading late) were observed in those with CAI. Those with CAI also demonstrated higher mediolateral shearing forces (1 st peak and impulse). SIGNIFICANCE Our finding suggests that those with CAI exhibit different ankle joint loading patterns than uninjured controls. Directionality of the identified differences depends on the axis of movement.
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114
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Bilateral upper extremity trunk model for cross-country sit-skiing double poling propulsion: model development and validation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:445-455. [PMID: 36472762 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The subacromial impingement syndrome is a high-incidence injury for cross-country sit-skiing skier, which is often accompanied by muscle imbalance. However, at present, no musculoskeletal model has been identified for this sport. Thus, this research aimed to establish a bilateral upper extremity trunk (BUET) musculoskeletal model suitable for cross-country sit-skiing based on OpenSim software and verify the function of the model. By splicing three existing OpenSim models, an upper limb model with 17 segments, 35 degrees of freedom, and 472 musculotendon actuators was established. The clavicle and scapula were modeled as individual bodies and then connected to the torso through a three-degrees-of-freedom rotational joint and to the clavicle through a weld joint, respectively. The five lumbar vertebrae were established separately and coupled into a three-degree-of-freedom joint. Kinematics, kinetic, and EMG signal data of five 15-s maximal effort interval tests were obtained by using seven cameras, ergometers, and surface EMG synchronous collection. Based on the resulting rotator cuff muscle geometry of the model, simulated muscle activation patterns were comparable to experimental data, and muscle-driven ability was proven. The model will be available online ( https://simtk.org/projects/bit ) for researchers to study the muscle activation of shoulder joint movement.
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115
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Puladi B, Ooms M, Geijtenbeek T, Trinler U, Houschyar KS, Gruber LJ, Motmaen I, Rashad A, Hölzle F, Modabber A. Tolerable degree of muscle sacrifice when harvesting a vastus lateralis or myocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 77:94-103. [PMID: 36563640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The myocutaneous anterolateral thigh (ALT) and vastus lateralis (VL) flaps include a large muscle mass and a sufficient vascular pedicle, and they have been used for decades to reconstruct traumatic and acquired defects of the head and neck and extremities. In spite of these benefits, musculoskeletal dysfunction was reported in nearly 1 out of 20 patients at follow-up. It is unclear whether the recently proposed muscle-sparing flap-raising approach could preserve VL muscle function and whether patients at increased risk could benefit from such an approach. Therefore, we performed a predictive dynamic gait simulation based on a biological motion model with gradual weakening of the VL during a self-selected and fast walking speed to determine the compensable degree of VL muscle reduction. Muscle force, joint angle, and joint moment were measured. Our study showed that VL muscle reduction could be compensated up to a certain degree, which could explain the observed incidence of musculoskeletal dysfunction. In elderly or fragile patients, the VL muscle should not be reduced by 50% or more, which could be achieved by muscle-sparing flap-raising of the superficial partition only. In young or athletic patients, a VL muscle reduction of 10%, which corresponds to a muscle cuff, has no relevant effect. Yet, a reduction of more than 30% leads to relevant weakening of the quadriceps. Therefore, in this patient population with the need for a large portion of muscle, alternative flaps should be considered. This study can serve as the first basis for further investigations of human locomotion after flap-raising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrus Puladi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mark Ooms
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Geijtenbeek
- BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ursula Trinler
- Andreas Wentzensen Research Institute, BG Clinic Ludwigshafen, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Khosrow Siamak Houschyar
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Lennart Johannes Gruber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ila Motmaen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ashkan Rashad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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116
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Marconi G, Gopalai AA, Chauhan S. Effects of powered ankle-foot orthoses mass distribution on lower limb muscle forces-a simulation study. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:1167-1182. [PMID: 36689083 PMCID: PMC10083162 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This simulation study aimed to explore the effects of mass and mass distribution of powered ankle-foot orthoses, on net joint moments and individual muscle forces throughout the lower limb. Using OpenSim inverse kinematics, dynamics, and static optimization tools, the gait cycles of ten subjects were analyzed. The biomechanical models of these subjects were appended with ideal powered ankle-foot orthoses of different masses and actuator positions, as to determine the effect that these design factors had on the subject's kinetics during normal walking. It was found that when the mass of the device was distributed more distally and posteriorly on the leg, both the net joint moments and overall lower limb muscle forces were more negatively impacted. However, individual muscle forces were found to have varying results which were attributed to the flow-on effect of the orthosis, the antagonistic pairing of muscles, and how the activity of individual muscles affect each other. It was found that mass and mass distribution of powered ankle-foot orthoses could be optimized as to more accurately mimic natural kinetics, reducing net joint moments and overall muscle forces of the lower limb, and must consider individual muscles as to reduce potentially detrimental muscle fatigue or muscular disuse. OpenSim modelling method to explore the effect of mass and mass distribution on muscle forces and joint moments, showing potential mass positioning and the effects of these positions, mass, and actuation on the muscle force integral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Marconi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | | | - Sunita Chauhan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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117
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Ebers MR, Rosenberg MC, Kutz JN, Steele KM. A machine learning approach to quantify individual gait responses to ankle exoskeletons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524757. [PMID: 36711530 PMCID: PMC9882260 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We currently lack a theoretical framework capable of characterizing heterogeneous responses to exoskeleton interventions. Predicting an individual's response to an exoskeleton and understanding what data are needed to characterize responses has been a persistent challenge. In this study, we leverage a neural network-based discrepancy modeling framework to quantify complex changes in gait in response to passive ankle exoskeletons in nondisabled adults. Discrepancy modeling aims to resolve dynamical inconsistencies between model predictions and real-world measurements. Neural networks identified models of (i) Nominal gait, (ii) Exoskeleton ( Exo ) gait, and (iii) the Discrepancy ( i.e. , response) between them. If an Augmented (Nominal+Discrepancy) model captured exoskeleton responses, its predictions should account for comparable amounts of variance in Exo gait data as the Exo model. Discrepancy modeling successfully quantified individuals' exoskeleton responses without requiring knowledge about physiological structure or motor control: a model of Nominal gait augmented with a Discrepancy model of response accounted for significantly more variance in Exo gait (median R 2 for kinematics (0.928 - 0.963) and electromyography (0.665 - 0.788), ( p < 0.042)) than the Nominal model (median R 2 for kinematics (0.863 - 0.939) and electromyography (0.516 - 0.664)). However, additional measurement modalities and/or improved resolution are needed to characterize Exo gait, as the discrepancy may not comprehensively capture response due to unexplained variance in Exo gait (median R 2 for kinematics (0.954 - 0.977) and electromyography (0.724 - 0.815)). These techniques can be used to accelerate the discovery of individual-specific mechanisms driving exoskeleton responses, thus enabling personalized rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Ebers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael C Rosenberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - J Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Katherine M Steele
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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118
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Jin J, Kistemaker D, van Dieën JH, Daffertshofer A, Bruijn SM. The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14662. [PMID: 36691478 PMCID: PMC9864190 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In human walking, power for propulsion is generated primarily via ankle and hip muscles. The addition of a 'passive' hip spring to simple bipedal models appears more efficient than using only push-off impulse, at least, when hip spring associated energetic costs are not considered. Hip flexion and retraction torques, however, are not 'free', as they are produced by muscles demanding metabolic energy. Studies evaluating the inclusion of hip actuation costs, especially during the swing phase, and the hip actuation's energetic benefits are few and far between. It is also unknown whether these possible benefits/effects may depend on speed. We simulated a planar flat-feet model walking stably over a range of speeds. We asked whether the addition of independent hip flexion and retraction remains energetically beneficial when considering work-based metabolic cost of transport (MCOT) with different efficiencies of doing positive and negative work. We found asymmetric hip actuation can reduce the estimated MCOT relative to ankle actuation by up to 6%, but only at medium speeds. The corresponding optimal strategy is zero hip flexion and some hip retraction actuation. The reason for this reduced MCOT is that the decrease in collision loss is larger than the associated increase in hip negative work. This leads to a reduction in total positive mechanical work, which results in an overall lower MCOT. Our study shows how ankle actuation, hip flexion, and retraction actuation can be coordinated to reduce MCOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dinant Kistemaker
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H. van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Daffertshofer
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M. Bruijn
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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119
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Kim HK, Lu SH, Lu TW, Chou LS. Contribution of lower extremity muscles to center of mass acceleration during walking: Effect of body weight. J Biomech 2023; 146:111398. [PMID: 36459848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Overweight or obesity is known to be associated with altered activations of lower extremity muscles. Such changes in muscular function may lead to the development of mobility impairments or joint diseases. However, little is known about how individual lower extremity muscles contribute to the whole-body center of mass (COM) control during walking and the effect of body weight. This study examined the contribution of individual lower extremity muscle force to the COM accelerations during walking in overweight and non-overweight individuals. Musculoskeletal simulations were performed for the stance phase of walking with data collected from 11 overweight and 13 non-overweight adults to estimate lower extremity muscle forces and their contributions to the COM acceleration. Mean time-series data from each parameter were compared between body size groups using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Compared to the non-overweight group, the overweight group revealed a greater gastrocnemius contribution to the mediolateral (p = 0.006) and vertical (p < 0.001) COM accelerations during mid-stance, and had a lower vastus contribution to the anteroposterior COM acceleration (p < 0.001) during pre-swing. Increased contributions from the large posterior calf muscles to the mediolateral COM acceleration may be related to efforts to alleviate COM sway in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Shiuan-Huei Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shan Chou
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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120
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Banks JJ, Alemi MM, Allaire BT, Lynch AC, Bouxsein ML, Anderson DE. Using static postures to estimate spinal loading during dynamic lifts with participant-specific thoracolumbar musculoskeletal models. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 106:103869. [PMID: 36055036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Static biomechanical simulations are sometimes used to estimate in vivo kinetic demands because they can be solved efficiently, but this ignores any potential inertial effects. To date, comparisons between static and dynamic analyses of spinal demands have been limited to lumbar joint differences in young males performing sagittal lifts. Here we compare static and dynamic vertebral compressive and shear force estimates during axial, lateral, and sagittal lifting tasks across all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in older men and women. Participant-specific thoracolumbar full-body musculoskeletal models estimated vertebral forces from recorded kinematics both with and without consideration of dynamic effects, at an identified frame of peak vertebral loading. Static analyses under-predicted dynamic compressive and resultant shear forces, by an average of about 16% for all three lifts across the thoracic and lumbar spine but were highly correlated with dynamic forces (average r2 > .95). The study outcomes have the potential to enable standard clinical and occupational estimates using static analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Banks
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Alemi
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brett T Allaire
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew C Lynch
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dennis E Anderson
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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121
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Zuppke JN, Bennett HJ, Ringleb SI. The effect of subtalar joint axis location on muscle moment arms. J Biomech 2023; 147:111451. [PMID: 36680888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most dynamic musculoskeletal models define the subtalar joint (STJ) as a one degree of freedom (DOF) hinge with a tri-planar axis. The orientation of this axis of rotation is often determined as a combination of inclination and deviation angles measured from the ground and midline of the foot, respectively. In defining the location of the axis, often the origin is found at the distal aspect of the heel instead of at the articulation of the talus and calcaneus. Key musculoskeletal modeling definitions, such as muscle moment arms, are dependent on the distance and relative location of muscle insertion to the axis of rotation. Since the axis orientation and origin location affect calculations of muscle moment arm and joint dynamics, there is much need for accurate characterization of the STJ axis to understand the STJ's role in dynamic weight-bearing motion. The purpose of this study is to explore how the STJ origin location and axis orientation affect muscle moment arms surrounding the ankle. Datasets from the Grand Knee Challenge, posted on the open-source SimTK website, were modeled using OpenSim. Modifying the location of the STJ axis from the original location closer to the articulation between the talus and calcaneus resulted in significant differences in STJ muscle moment arms and peak STJ moments. The findings of this study conclude that the location of the STJ axis origin needs to be considered and accurately defined, especially if the inclination/deviation angles of the rotational axis will be modified to represent a more subject-specific definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Zuppke
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, United States
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122
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Michaud F, Frey-Law LA, Lugrís U, Cuadrado L, Figueroa-Rodríguez J, Cuadrado J. Applying a muscle fatigue model when optimizing load-sharing between muscles for short-duration high-intensity exercise: A preliminary study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1167748. [PMID: 37168228 PMCID: PMC10165736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1167748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple different mathematical models have been developed to represent muscle force, to represent multiple muscles in the musculoskeletal system, and to represent muscle fatigue. However, incorporating these different models together to describe the behavior of a high-intensity exercise has not been well described. Methods: In this work, we adapted the three-compartment controller (3CCr) muscle fatigue model to be implemented with an inverse-dynamics based optimization algorithm for the muscle recruitment problem for 7 elbow muscles to model a benchmark case: elbow flexion/extension moments. We highlight the difficulties in achieving an accurate subject-specific approach for this multi-level modeling problem, considering different muscular models, compared with experimental measurements. Both an isometric effort and a dynamic bicep curl were considered, where muscle activity and resting periods were simulated to obtain the fatigue behavior. Muscle parameter correction, scaling and calibration are addressed in this study. Moreover, fiber-type recruitment hierarchy in force generation was added to the optimization problem, thus offering an additional novel muscle modeling criterion. Results: It was observed that: i) the results were most accurate for the static case; ii) insufficient torque was predicted by the model at some time points for the dynamic case, which benefitted from a more precise calibration of muscle parameters; iii) modeling the effects of muscular potentiation may be important; and iv) for this multilevel model approach, the 3CCr model had to be modified to avoid reaching situations of unrealistic constant fatigue in high intensity exercise-resting cycles. Discussion: All the methods yield reasonable estimations, but the complexity of obtaining accurate subject-specific human models is highlighted in this study. The proposed novel muscle modeling and force recruitment criterion, which consider the muscular fiber-type distinction, show interesting preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Michaud
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
- *Correspondence: Florian Michaud,
| | - Laura A. Frey-Law
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United Sates
| | - Urbano Lugrís
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Lucía Cuadrado
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Figueroa-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Cuadrado
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
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123
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Lee MR, Hicks JL, Wren TAL, Delp SL. Independently ambulatory children with spina bifida experience near-typical knee and ankle joint moments and forces during walking. Gait Posture 2023; 99:1-8. [PMID: 36283301 PMCID: PMC9772073 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spina bifida, a neurological defect, can result in lower-limb muscle weakness. Altered ambulation and reduced musculoskeletal loading can yield decreased bone strength in individuals with spina bifida, yet individuals who remain ambulatory can exhibit normal bone outcomes. RESEARCH QUESTION During walking, how do lower-limb joint kinematics and moments and tibial forces in independently ambulatory children with spina bifida differ from those of children with typical development? METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 16 independently ambulatory children with spina bifida and 16 children with typical development and confirmed that tibial bone strength was similar between the two groups. Plantar flexor muscle strength was measured by manual muscle testing, and 14 of the children with spina bifida wore activity monitors for an average of 5 days. We estimated tibial forces at the knee and ankle using motion capture data and musculoskeletal simulations. We used Statistical Parametric Mapping t-tests to compare lower-limb joint kinematic and kinetic waveforms between the groups with spina bifida and typical development. Within the group with spina bifida, we examined relationships between plantar flexor muscle strength and peak tibial forces by calculating Spearman correlations. RESULTS Activity monitors from the children with spina bifida reported typical daily steps (9656 [SD 3095]). Despite slower walking speeds (p = 0.004) and altered lower-body kinematics (p < 0.001), children with spina bifida had knee and ankle joint moments and forces similar to those of children with typical development, with no detectable differences during stance. Plantar flexor muscle weakness was associated with increased compressive knee force (p = 0.002) and shear ankle force (p = 0.009). SIGNIFICANCE High-functioning, independently ambulatory children with spina bifida exhibited near-typical tibial bone strength and near-typical step counts and tibial load magnitudes. Our results suggest that the tibial forces in this group are of sufficient magnitudes to support the development of normal tibial bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa R Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Hicks
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Tishya A L Wren
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Scott L Delp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Koller W, Gonçalves B, Baca A, Kainz H. Intra- and inter-subject variability of femoral growth plate stresses in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1140527. [PMID: 36911204 PMCID: PMC9999378 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1140527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of mechanical loading on growth plate stresses and femoral growth. A multi-scale workflow based on musculoskeletal simulations and mechanobiological finite element (FE) analysis can be used to estimate growth plate loading and femoral growth trends. Personalizing the model in this workflow is time-consuming and therefore previous studies included small sample sizes (N < 4) or generic finite element models. The aim of this study was to develop a semi-automated toolbox to perform this workflow and to quantify intra-subject variability in growth plate stresses in 13 typically developing (TD) children and 12 children with cerebral palsy (CP). Additionally, we investigated the influence of the musculoskeletal model and the chosen material properties on the simulation results. Intra-subject variability in growth plate stresses was higher in cerebral palsy than in typically developing children. The highest osteogenic index (OI) was observed in the posterior region in 62% of the TD femurs while in children with CP the lateral region was the most common (50%). A representative reference osteogenic index distribution heatmap generated from data of 26 TD children's femurs showed a ring shape with low values in the center region and high values at the border of the growth plate. Our simulation results can be used as reference values for further investigations. Furthermore, the code of the developed GP-Tool ("Growth Prediction-Tool") is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/WilliKoller/GP-Tool) to enable peers to conduct mechanobiological growth studies with larger sample sizes to improve our understanding of femoral growth and to support clinical decision making in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Koller
- Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Neuromechanics Research Group, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Basílio Gonçalves
- Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Neuromechanics Research Group, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Baca
- Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Kainz
- Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Neuromechanics Research Group, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Estimation and Comparison of Knee Joint Contact Forces During Heel Contact and Heel Rise Deep Squatting. Indian J Orthop 2022; 57:310-318. [PMID: 36777124 PMCID: PMC9880086 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-022-00798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased knee flexion is required for deep squatting in the daily life of the non-western population as well as in many sports activities. The purpose of this study was to estimate as well as to compare knee joint contact forces during heel contact (HC) and heel rise (HR) deep squatting in 10 healthy young Indian participants. Materials and Methods Kinematic data were captured using a 12-camera Motion Analysis system. Kinetic data were collected using two Kistler force plates. EMG of 6 lower limb muscles was monitored by Noraxon wireless EMG. OpenSim musculoskeletal model was customized to increase the maximum knee flexion capability of the existing model and knee joint contact forces were estimated. Results A significant difference in tibiofemoral (p < 0.001) as well as patellofemoral (p = 0.006) knee joint contact force was observed between HC and HR squatting. The resultant maximum tibiofemoral KJCF was 5.9 (± 0.54) times body weight (BW) and 5.3 (± 0.6) BW for the HC and HR, respectively. The resultant maximum patellofemoral KJCF was 7.8 (± 0.57) BW and 7.1 (± 0.73) BW for the HC and HR, respectively. Conclusion The findings can provide implications for physiotherapists to design rehabilitation exercise protocols, exercise professionals, and the development of high flexion knee implants. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-022-00798-y.
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Effect of functional weightbearing versus non-weightbearing quadriceps strengthening exercise on contact force in varus-malaligned medial knee osteoarthritis: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Knee 2022; 39:50-61. [PMID: 36162143 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis progression may be related to altered knee loads, particularly in those with varus malalignment. Using randomized controlled trial data, this secondary analysis of complete datasets (n = 67) compared the effects of a functional weightbearing (WB) and non-weightbearing quadriceps strengthening exercise (NWB) program on measures of medial tibiofemoral joint contact force (MTCF) during walking. METHODS Participants aged ≥50 years and with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment were randomly allocated to a 12-week, home-based, physiotherapist-prescribed exercise program comprised of WB exercises (n = 31), or NWB exercise (n = 36). Three-dimensional lower-body motion, ground reaction forces, and surface electromyograms from six lower-limb muscles were acquired during walking at baseline and at 12-weeks follow-up. An electromyogram-informed neuromusculoskeletal model estimated bodyweight (BW) normalized MTCF (peak and impulse), including external and muscular contributions to MTCF. RESULTS There was no between-group difference in the change in peak MTCF (-0.02 [-0.12, 0.09] BW) or MTCF impulse (-0.01 [-0.06, 0.03] BW·s). There was a between-group difference in the muscle contribution to peak MTCF (-0.08 [-0.15, -0.00] BW) and MTCF impulse (-0.04 [-0.08, -0.00] BW·s), whereby the muscle contribution reduced more in the NWB group over time compared to the WB group. There was also a between group-difference in the external contribution to peak MTCF (0.09 [0.01, 0.18] BW), but this reduced more in the WB group than in the NWB group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest no difference in MTCF between the two exercise programs, but differences in the contribution to MTCF between the two exercise programs were observed in those with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment.
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Parker C, Nelson E, Zhang T. VeVaPy, a Python Platform for Efficient Verification and Validation of Systems Biology Models with Demonstrations Using Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Models. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1747. [PMID: 36554152 PMCID: PMC9777964 DOI: 10.3390/e24121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order for mathematical models to make credible contributions, it is essential for them to be verified and validated. Currently, verification and validation (V&V) of these models does not meet the expectations of the system biology and systems pharmacology communities. Partially as a result of this shortfall, systemic V&V of existing models currently requires a lot of time and effort. In order to facilitate systemic V&V of chosen hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis models, we have developed a computational framework named VeVaPy-taking care to follow the recommended best practices regarding the development of mathematical models. VeVaPy includes four functional modules coded in Python, and the source code is publicly available. We demonstrate that VeVaPy can help us efficiently verify and validate the five HPA axis models we have chosen. Supplied with new and independent data, VeVaPy outputs objective V&V benchmarks for each model. We believe that VeVaPy will help future researchers with basic modeling and programming experience to efficiently verify and validate mathematical models from the fields of systems biology and systems pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Parker
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Erik Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Tongli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Herssens N, Cowburn J, Albracht K, Braunstein B, Cazzola D, Colyer S, Minetti AE, Pavei G, Rittweger J, Weber T, Green DA. Movement in low gravity environments (MoLo) programme-The MoLo-L.O.O.P. study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278051. [PMID: 36417480 PMCID: PMC9683620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to prolonged periods in microgravity is associated with deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system due to chronic changes in mechanical stimulation. Given astronauts will operate on the Lunar surface for extended periods of time, it is critical to quantify both external (e.g., ground reaction forces) and internal (e.g., joint reaction forces) loads of relevant movements performed during Lunar missions. Such knowledge is key to predict musculoskeletal deconditioning and determine appropriate exercise countermeasures associated with extended exposure to hypogravity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to define an experimental protocol and methodology suitable to estimate in high-fidelity hypogravity conditions the lower limb internal joint reaction forces. State-of-the-art movement kinetics, kinematics, muscle activation and muscle-tendon unit behaviour during locomotor and plyometric movements will be collected and used as inputs (Objective 1), with musculoskeletal modelling and an optimisation framework used to estimate lower limb internal joint loading (Objective 2). METHODS Twenty-six healthy participants will be recruited for this cross-sectional study. Participants will walk, skip and run, at speeds ranging between 0.56-3.6 m/s, and perform plyometric movement trials at each gravity level (1, 0.7, 0.5, 0.38, 0.27 and 0.16g) in a randomized order. Through the collection of state-of-the-art kinetics, kinematics, muscle activation and muscle-tendon behaviour, a musculoskeletal modelling framework will be used to estimate lower limb joint reaction forces via tracking simulations. CONCLUSION The results of this study will provide first estimations of internal musculoskeletal loads associated with human movement performed in a range of hypogravity levels. Thus, our unique data will be a key step towards modelling the musculoskeletal deconditioning associated with long term habitation on the Lunar surface, and thereby aiding the design of Lunar exercise countermeasures and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Herssens
- Space Medicine Team, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany
| | - James Cowburn
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Albracht
- Centre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Braunstein
- Centre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sport Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dario Cazzola
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Steffi Colyer
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto E. Minetti
- Laboratory of Physiomechanics of Locomotion, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaspare Pavei
- Laboratory of Physiomechanics of Locomotion, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Division of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, Institute of Aerospace Medicine DLR, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Weber
- Space Medicine Team, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany
- KBR, Cologne, North Rhein-Westphalia, Germany
| | - David A. Green
- Space Medicine Team, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany
- KBR, Cologne, North Rhein-Westphalia, Germany
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Brambilla C, Scano A. The Number and Structure of Muscle Synergies Depend on the Number of Recorded Muscles: A Pilot Simulation Study with OpenSim. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8584. [PMID: 36433182 PMCID: PMC9694016 DOI: 10.3390/s22228584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The muscle synergy approach is used to evaluate motor control and to quantitatively determine the number and structure of the modules underlying movement. In experimental studies regarding the upper limb, typically 8 to 16 EMG probes are used depending on the application, although the number of muscles involved in motor generation is higher. Therefore, the number of motor modules may be underestimated and the structure altered with the standard spatial synergy model based on the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). In this study, we compared the number and structure of muscle synergies when considering 12 muscles (an "average" condition that represents previous studies) and 32 muscles of the upper limb, also including multiple muscle heads and deep muscles. First, we estimated the muscle activations with an upper-limb model in OpenSim using data from multi-directional reaching movements acquired in experimental sessions; then, spatial synergies were extracted from EMG activations from 12 muscles and from 32 muscles and their structures were compared. Finally, we compared muscle synergies obtained from OpenSim and from real experimental EMG signals to assess the reliability of the results. Interestingly, we found that on average, an additional synergy is needed to reconstruct the same R2 level with 32 muscles with respect to 12 muscles; synergies have a very similar structure, although muscles with comparable physiological functions were added to the synergies extracted with 12 muscles. The additional synergies, instead, captured patterns that could not be identified with only 12 muscles. We concluded that current studies may slightly underestimate the number of controlled synergies, even though the main structure of synergies is not modified when adding more muscles. We also show that EMG activations estimated with OpenSim are in partial (but not complete) agreement with experimental recordings. These findings may have significative implications for motor control and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Brambilla
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), 23900 Lecco, Italy
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scano
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), 23900 Lecco, Italy
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
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Adriaenssens AJC, Raveendranathan V, Carloni R. Learning to Ascend Stairs and Ramps: Deep Reinforcement Learning for a Physics-Based Human Musculoskeletal Model. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8479. [PMID: 36366177 PMCID: PMC9654493 DOI: 10.3390/s22218479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes to use deep reinforcement learning to teach a physics-based human musculoskeletal model to ascend stairs and ramps. The deep reinforcement learning architecture employs the proximal policy optimization algorithm combined with imitation learning and is trained with experimental data of a public dataset. The human model is developed in the open-source simulation software OpenSim, together with two objects (i.e., the stairs and ramp) and the elastic foundation contact dynamics. The model can learn to ascend stairs and ramps with muscle forces comparable to healthy subjects and with a forward dynamics comparable to the experimental training data, achieving an average correlation of 0.82 during stair ascent and of 0.58 during ramp ascent across both the knee and ankle joints.
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Grant B, Charles J, Geraghty B, Gardiner J, D'Août K, Falkingham PL, Bates KT. Why does the metabolic cost of walking increase on compliant substrates? J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220483. [PMID: 36448287 PMCID: PMC9709563 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Walking on compliant substrates requires more energy than walking on hard substrates but the biomechanical factors that contribute to this increase are debated. Previous studies suggest various causative mechanical factors, including disruption to pendular energy recovery, increased muscle work, decreased muscle efficiency and increased gait variability. We test each of these hypotheses simultaneously by collecting a large kinematic and kinetic dataset of human walking on foams of differing thickness. This allowed us to systematically characterize changes in gait with substrate compliance, and, by combining data with mechanical substrate testing, drive the very first subject-specific computer simulations of human locomotion on compliant substrates to estimate the internal kinetic demands on the musculoskeletal system. Negative changes to pendular energy exchange or ankle mechanics are not supported by our analyses. Instead we find that the mechanistic causes of increased energetic costs on compliant substrates are more complex than captured by any single previous hypothesis. We present a model in which elevated activity and mechanical work by muscles crossing the hip and knee are required to support the changes in joint (greater excursion and maximum flexion) and spatio-temporal kinematics (longer stride lengths, stride times and stance times, and duty factors) on compliant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Grant
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - James Charles
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Brendan Geraghty
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - James Gardiner
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Kristiaan D'Août
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Peter L. Falkingham
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Bryon Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Karl T. Bates
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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Zhang C, Greve C, Verkerke GJ, Roossien CC, Houdijk H, Hijmans JM. Pilot Validation Study of Inertial Measurement Units and Markerless Methods for 3D Neck and Trunk Kinematics during a Simulated Surgery Task. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8342. [PMID: 36366040 PMCID: PMC9658075 DOI: 10.3390/s22218342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surgeons are at high risk for developing musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS), like neck and back pain. Quantitative analysis of 3D neck and trunk movements during surgery can help to develop preventive devices such as exoskeletons. Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and markerless motion capture methods are allowed in the operating room (OR) and are a good alternative for bulky optoelectronic systems. We aim to validate IMU and markerless methods against an optoelectronic system during a simulated surgery task. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC (2,1)), root mean square error (RMSE), range of motion (ROM) difference and Bland-Altman plots were used for evaluating both methods. The IMU-based motion analysis showed good-to-excellent (ICC 0.80-0.97) agreement with the gold standard within 2.3 to 3.9 degrees RMSE accuracy during simulated surgery tasks. The markerless method shows 5.5 to 8.7 degrees RMSE accuracy (ICC 0.31-0.70). Therefore, the IMU method is recommended over the markerless motion capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Greve
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus Jacob Verkerke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Christina Roossien
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Houdijk
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juha M. Hijmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Akhundov R, Saxby DJ, Diamond LE, Snodgrass S, Clausen P, Drew M, Dooley K, Pizzari T, Rio E, Schultz A, Donnan L, McGann T, Edwards S. Game-play affects hamstring but not adductor muscle fibre mechanics in elite U20 basketball athletes. Sports Biomech 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36254725 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2133006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Muscle tendon unit fibre mechanics of hamstring and adductor strain injuries are not well studied, with factors such as fatigue promoted as risk factors in the absence of mechanistic evidence. In this study, musculoskeletal modelling was used to estimate fibre mechanics of four hamstring (biceps femoris long head, biceps femoris short head, semimembranosus and semitendinosus) and four adductor (adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus and gracilis) muscles during an anticipated cut task. The cut task was performed by 10 healthy elite male U20 basketball players both before and immediately after they played in one (of four) competitive basketball game. Biceps femoris long head produced significantly lower (p = 0.032) submaximal force post-game in the latter part of swing (30.7% to 35.0% of stride), though its peak force occurred later (37%) and remained unchanged. Semimembranosus produced significantly lower (p = 0.006) force post-game (32.9% to 44.9% of stride), which encompassed the instance of peak force (39%). Neither fibre velocity nor fibre length of the investigated muscles were significantly affected by game-play. These finding suggest that if fatigue is a factor in hamstring and adductor muscle strain injuries and is brought about by game-play, it is unlikely through the fibre mechanisms investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad Akhundov
- Griffith Centre for Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Saxby
- Griffith Centre for Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura E Diamond
- Griffith Centre for Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanne Snodgrass
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phil Clausen
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Drew
- Athlete Availability Program, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Dooley
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania Pizzari
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebonie Rio
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Schultz
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Donnan
- Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tye McGann
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzi Edwards
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Luis I, Afschrift M, De Groote F, Gutierrez-Farewik EM. Evaluation of musculoskeletal models, scaling methods, and performance criteria for estimating muscle excitations and fiber lengths across walking speeds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1002731. [PMID: 36277379 PMCID: PMC9583830 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-driven simulations have been widely adopted to study muscle-tendon behavior; several generic musculoskeletal models have been developed, and their biofidelity improved based on available experimental data and computational feasibility. It is, however, not clear which, if any, of these models accurately estimate muscle-tendon dynamics over a range of walking speeds. In addition, the interaction between model selection, performance criteria to solve muscle redundancy, and approaches for scaling muscle-tendon properties remain unclear. This study aims to compare estimated muscle excitations and muscle fiber lengths, qualitatively and quantitatively, from several model combinations to experimental observations. We tested three generic models proposed by Hamner et al., Rajagopal et al., and Lai-Arnold et al. in combination with performance criteria based on minimization of muscle effort to the power of 2, 3, 5, and 10, and four approaches to scale the muscle-tendon unit properties of maximum isometric force, optimal fiber length, and tendon slack length. We collected motion analysis and electromyography data in eight able-bodied subjects walking at seven speeds and compared agreement between estimated/modelled muscle excitations and observed muscle excitations from electromyography and computed normalized fiber lengths to values reported in the literature. We found that best agreement in on/off timing in vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis, and soleus was estimated with minimum squared muscle effort than to higher exponents, regardless of model and scaling approach. Also, minimum squared or cubed muscle effort with only a subset of muscle-tendon unit scaling approaches produced the best time-series agreement and best estimates of the increment of muscle excitation magnitude across walking speeds. There were discrepancies in estimated fiber lengths and muscle excitations among the models, with the largest discrepancy in the Hamner et al. model. The model proposed by Lai-Arnold et al. best estimated muscle excitation estimates overall, but failed to estimate realistic muscle fiber lengths, which were better estimated with the model proposed by Rajagopal et al. No single model combination estimated the most accurate muscle excitations for all muscles; commonly observed disagreements include onset delay, underestimated co-activation, and failure to estimate muscle excitation increments across walking speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Luis
- KTH MoveAbility Lab, Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elena M. Gutierrez-Farewik
- KTH MoveAbility Lab, Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Elena M. Gutierrez-Farewik,
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135
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Bonacci J, Spratford W, Kenneally-Dabrowski C, Trowell D, Lai A. The effect of footwear on mechanical behaviour of the human ankle plantar-flexors in forefoot runners. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274806. [PMID: 36121825 PMCID: PMC9484631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the ankle plantar-flexor muscle-tendon mechanical behaviour during barefoot and shod forefoot running. Methods Thirteen highly trained forefoot runners performed five overground steady-state running trials (4.5 ± 0.5 m.s-1) while barefoot and shod. Three-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected and used as inputs for musculoskeletal modelling. Muscle-tendon behaviour of the ankle plantar-flexors (soleus; medial gastrocnemius; and lateral gastrocnemius) were estimated across the stance phase and compared between barefoot and shod running using a two-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results During barefoot running peak muscle-tendon unit (MTU) power generation was 16.5% (p = 0.01) higher compared to shod running. Total positive MTU work was 18.5% (p = 0.002) higher during barefoot running compared to shod running. The total sum of tendon elastic strain energy was 8% (p = 0.036) greater during barefoot compared to shod running, however the relative contribution of tendon and muscle fibres to muscle-tendon unit positive work was not different between conditions. Conclusion Barefoot forefoot running demands greater muscle and tendon work than shod forefoot running, but the relative contribution of tendon strain energy to overall muscle-tendon unit work was not greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bonacci
- Centre for Sports Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Wayne Spratford
- Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Claire Kenneally-Dabrowski
- Centre for Sports Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Danielle Trowell
- Centre for Sports Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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136
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Generative Deep Learning Applied to Biomechanics: A New Augmentation Technique for Motion Capture Datasets. J Biomech 2022; 144:111301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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137
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Sikidar A, Kalyanasundaram D. An open-source OpenSim® ankle-foot musculoskeletal model for assessment of strains and forces in dense connective tissues. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 224:106994. [PMID: 35843077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ankle and foot are among the most critical load-bearing joints in the human anatomy. Anatomically accurate human body models are imperative to understanding the mechanics of injury and musculoskeletal disorders. A typical human ankle-foot anatomy consists of 25 DOFs, 112 dense connective tissues (DCTs) (92 ligaments, one capsule and 19 fasciae), 30 tendons, and 65 muscles. Existing models possess less than half of the DOFs and physiological elements. In this work, we have developed an ankle-foot joint complex musculoskeletal model for the OpenSim® platform by incorporating 24 degrees of freedom (DOF) comprising of 66 DCTs (46 ligaments, one 1 capsule and 19 fasciae), 30 tendons, and 65 muscles. METHODS Computed tomography (CT) data of human ankle joint-foot complex was segmented using Mimics ® (Version 17.0, Materialise, Belgium) to obtain models of the cartilages and bones of the ankle joint-foot complex. The position and resting lengths of the DCTs were attained from the MRI data and literature. Five joints, namely, tibiotalar, subtalar, chopart, tarsometatarsal (TMT), and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and their joint axes were formulated to yield 24 DOFs. A forward simulation was carried out at each joint of the ankle-foot complex within their respective range of motions. The strains, instantaneous strain rates, and forces developed in the ligaments during the simulation were studied. RESULTS During plantar-dorsiflexion of the tibiotalar joint, the anterior tibio-talar ligament (aTTL) yielded the maximum strain compared to all other ligaments. Anterior tibio-fibular ligament (aTFL) experienced extreme strain during subtalar inversion. Hence, the coupled kinematics of subtalar inversion and plantar flexion are failure-prone activities for aTFL. The chopart, TMT, and MTP joints yielded maximum strains or forces for several bundles at the extremes of the range of motion. This signifies that rotations of these joints to their extreme range of motion are prone to failure for the bundles attached to the joint complex. CONCLUSION The results illustrate the potential application of the proposed OpenSim® ankle-foot model in understanding the ligament injury mechanism during sports activity and its prevention. Researchers can use the proposed model or customise it to study complex kinematics, understanding injury mechanisms, testing fixtures, orthosis or prosthesis, and many more in the domain of musculoskeletal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Sikidar
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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138
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Kluis L, Patel R, Thompson WK, Lewandowski B, Diaz-Artiles A. The impact of stance during heel raises on the hybrid ultimate lifting kit (HULK) device: A future microgravity exercise machine. Front Physiol 2022; 13:943443. [PMID: 36082220 PMCID: PMC9445131 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.943443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended missions in microgravity, such as those on the International Space Station (ISS) or future missions to Mars, can result in the physiological deconditioning of astronauts. Current mitigation strategies include a regimented diet in addition to resistance training paired with aerobic exercise. With the increased effort toward long duration space missions, there is room to optimize the cost, required time of use, and mass of exercise equipment. This research effort focuses on understanding the biomechanics of Heel Raise (HR) exercises while using the Hybrid Ultimate Lifting Kit (HULK) device, an exercise device designed to optimize volume and functionality. Using the biomechanics tool OpenSim, the effect of HR foot stance (15° inward, 15° outward, and straight) was assessed by analyzing kinematic and kinetic data. In particular, we analyzed peak joint angles, range of motion, joint moments, and angular impulses of a single subject. Preliminary results indicated no significant differences in terms of ankle/metatarsophalangeal/subtalar joint angles, range of motion, joint moments, and angular impulses between foot stances. In addition, loaded HR exercises were compared to body weight HR exercises without the HULK device. Finally, recommendations are made towards an optimal HR routine for long-duration space missions. The impact to health and rehabilitation on Earth is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Kluis
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ravi Patel
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Ana Diaz-Artiles
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Ana Diaz-Artiles,
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139
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Gaffney BMM, Vandenberg NW, Davis-Wilson HC, Christiansen CL, Roda GF, Schneider G, Johnson T, Stoneback JW. Biomechanical compensations during a stand-to-sit maneuver using transfemoral osseointegrated prostheses: A case series. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 98:105715. [PMID: 35839740 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with transfemoral amputation and socket prostheses are at a heightened risk of developing musculoskeletal overuse injuries, commonly due to altered joint biomechanics. Osseointegrated prostheses, which involve direct anchorage of the prosthesis to the residual limb through a bone anchored prosthesis, are a novel alternative to sockets yet their biomechanical effect is largely unknown. METHODS Four patients scheduled to undergo unilateral transfemoral prosthesis osseointegration completed two data collections (baseline with socket prosthesis and 12-months after prosthesis osseointegration) in which whole-body kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected during stand-to-sit tasks. Trunk, pelvis, and hip kinematics, and the surrounding muscle forces, were calculated using subject-specific musculoskeletal models developed in OpenSim. Peak joint angles and muscle forces were compared between timepoints using Cohen's d effect sizes. FINDINGS Compared to baseline with socket prostheses, patients with osseointegrated prostheses demonstrated reduced lateral trunk bending (d = 1.46), pelvic obliquity (d = 1.09), and rotation (d = 1.77) toward the amputated limb during the stand to sit task. This was accompanied by increased amputated limb hip flexor, abductor, and rotator muscle forces (d> > 0.8). INTERPRETATION Improved lumbopelvic movement patterns and stabilizing muscle forces when using an osseointegrated prosthesis indicate that this novel prosthesis type likely reduces the risk of the development and/or progression of overuse injuries, such as low back pain and osteoarthritis. We attribute the increased muscle hip muscle forces to the increased load transmission between the osseointegrated prosthesis and residual limb, which allows a greater eccentric ability of the amputated limb to control lowering during the stand-to-sit task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecca M M Gaffney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States of America; Center for Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Nicholas W Vandenberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Hope C Davis-Wilson
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Cory L Christiansen
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Galen F Roda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Gary Schneider
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Tony Johnson
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Jason W Stoneback
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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140
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Seagers K, Uhlrich SD, Kolesar JA, Berkson M, Kaneda JM, Beaupre GS, Delp SL. Changes in foot progression angle during gait reduce the knee adduction moment and do not increase hip moments in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. J Biomech 2022; 141:111204. [PMID: 35772243 PMCID: PMC9466647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
People with knee osteoarthritis who adopt a modified foot progression angle (FPA) during gait often benefit from a reduction in the knee adduction moment. It is unknown, however, whether changes in the FPA increase hip moments, a surrogate measure of hip loading, which will increase the mechanical demand on the joint. This study examined how altering the FPA affects hip moments. Individuals with knee osteoarthritis walked on an instrumented treadmill with their baseline gait, 10° toe-in gait, and 10° toe-out gait. A musculoskeletal modeling package was used to compute joint moments from the experimental data. Fifty participants were selected from a larger study who reduced their peak knee adduction moment with a modified FPA. In this group, participants reduced the first peak of the knee adduction moment by 7.6% with 10° toe-in gait and reduced the second peak by 11.0% with 10° toe-out gait. Modifying the FPA reduced the early-stance hip abduction moment, at the time of peak hip contact force, by 4.3% ± 1.3% for 10° toe-in gait (p = 0.005, d = 0.49) and by 4.6% ± 1.1% for 10° toe-out gait (p < 0.001, d = 0.59) without increasing the flexion and internal rotation moments (p > 0.15). Additionally, 74% of individuals reduced their total hip moment at time of peak hip contact force with a modified FPA. In summary, when adopting a FPA modification that reduced the knee adduction moment, participants, on average, did not increase surrogate measures of hip loading.
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141
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Goubault E, Martinez R, Assila N, Monga-Dubreuil É, Dowling-Medley J, Dal Maso F, Begon M. Effect of Expertise on Shoulder and Upper Limb Kinematics, Electromyography, and Estimated Muscle Forces During a Lifting Task. HUMAN FACTORS 2022; 64:800-819. [PMID: 33236930 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820965021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight the working strategies used by expert manual handlers compared with novice manual handlers, based on recordings of shoulder and upper limb kinematics, electromyography (EMG), and estimated muscle forces during a lifting task. BACKGROUND Novice workers involved in assembly, manual handling, and personal assistance tasks are at a higher risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). However, few studies have investigated the effect of expertise on upper limb exposure during workplace tasks. METHOD Sixteen experts in manual handling and sixteen novices were equipped with 10 electromyographic electrodes to record shoulder muscle activity during a manual handling task consisting of lifting a box (8 or 12 kg), instrumented with three six-axis force sensors, from hip to eye level. Three-dimensional trunk and upper limb kinematics, hand-to-box contact forces, and EMG were recorded. Then, joint contributions, activation levels, and muscle forces were calculated and compared between groups. RESULTS Sternoclavicular-acromioclavicular joint contributions were higher in experts at the beginning of the movement, and in novices at the end, whereas the opposite was observed for the glenohumeral joint. EMG activation levels were 37% higher for novices but predicted muscle forces were higher in experts. CONCLUSION This study highlights significant differences between experts and novices in shoulder kinematics, EMG, and muscle forces; hence, providing effective work guidelines to ensure the development of a safe handling strategy is important. APPLICATION Shoulder kinematics, EMG, and muscle forces could be used as ergonomic tools to identify inappropriate techniques that could increase the prevalence of shoulder injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Najoua Assila
- 5622 Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Fabien Dal Maso
- 5622 Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mickael Begon
- 5622 Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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142
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Meinders E, Pizzolato C, Gonçalves BAM, Lloyd DG, Saxby DJ, Diamond LE. Electromyography measurements of the deep hip muscles do not improve estimates of hip contact force. J Biomech 2022; 141:111220. [PMID: 35841785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The deep hip muscles are often omitted in studies investigating hip contact forces using neuromusculoskeletal modelling methods. However, recent evidence indicates the deep hip muscles have potential to change the direction of hip contact force and could have relevance for hip contact loading estimates. Further, it is not known whether deep hip muscle excitation patterns can be accurately estimated using neuromusculoskeletal modelling or require measurement (through invasive and time-consuming methods) to inform models used to estimate hip contact forces. We calculated hip contact forces during walking, squatting, and squat-jumping for 17 participants using electromyography (EMG)-informed neuromusculoskeletal modelling with (informed) and without (synthesized) intramuscular EMG for the deep hip muscles (piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris). Hip contact force magnitude and direction, calculated as the angle between hip contact force and vector from femoral head to acetabular center, were compared between configurations using a paired t-test deployed through statistical parametric mapping (P < 0.05). Additionally, root mean square error, correlation coefficients (R2), and timing accuracy between measured and modelled deep hip muscle excitation patterns were computed. No significant between-configuration differences in hip contact force magnitude or direction were found for any task. However, the synthesized method poorly predicted (R2-range 0.02-0.3) deep hip muscle excitation patterns for all tasks. Consequently, intramuscular EMG of the deep hip muscles may be unnecessary when estimating hip contact force magnitude or direction using EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal modelling, though is likely essential for investigations of deep hip muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Meinders
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADaPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Claudio Pizzolato
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADaPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Basílio A M Gonçalves
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADaPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - David G Lloyd
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADaPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - David J Saxby
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADaPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Laura E Diamond
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADaPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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143
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Maniar N, Schache AG, Pizzolato C, Opar DA. Muscle function during single leg landing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11486. [PMID: 35798797 PMCID: PMC9262956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Landing manoeuvres are an integral task for humans, especially in the context of sporting activities. Such tasks often involve landing on one leg which requires the coordination of multiple muscles in order to effectively dissipate kinetic energy. However, no prior studies have provided a detailed description of the strategy used by the major lower limb muscles to perform single-leg landing. The purpose of the present study was to understand how humans coordinate their lower limb muscles during a single-leg landing task. Marker trajectories, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected from healthy male participants performing a single-leg landing from a height of 0.31 m. An EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal modelling approach was used to generate neuromechanical simulations of the single-leg landing task. The muscular strategy was determined by computing the magnitude and temporal characteristics of musculotendon forces and energetics. Muscle function was determined by computing muscle contributions to lower limb net joint moments, GRFs and lower limb joint contact forces. It was found that the vasti, soleus, gluteus maximus and gluteus medius produced the greatest muscle forces and negative (eccentric) mechanical work. Downward momentum of the centre-of-mass was resisted primarily by the soleus, vasti, gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and gluteus maximus, whilst forward momentum was primarily resisted by the quadriceps (vasti and rectus femoris). Flexion of the lower limb joints was primarily resisted by the uni-articular gluteus maximus (hip), vasti (knee) and soleus (ankle). Overall, our findings provide a unique insight into the muscular strategy used by humans during a landing manoeuvre and have implications for the design of athletic training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Maniar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia. .,Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
| | - Anthony G Schache
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudio Pizzolato
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Opar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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144
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Pariser KM, Higginson J. Development and Validation of a Framework for Predictive Simulation of Treadmill Gait. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1141866. [PMID: 35748610 DOI: 10.1115/1.4054867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Treadmill training is a common intervention to promote healthy walking function for individuals with pathological gait. However, because of the heterogeneity of many patient populations, determining how an individual will respond to new treadmill protocols may require extensive trial and error, causing increased patient fatigue. This article provides instructions for the development and validation of a framework for predictive simulation of treadmill gait, which may be used in the design of treadmill training protocols. This was accomplished through three steps: predict motion of a simple model of a block relative to a treadmill, create a predictive framework to estimate gait with a 2D lower limb musculoskeletal model on a treadmill, and validate the framework by comparing predicted kinematics, kinetics, and spatiotemporal parameters across three belts speeds and between speed-matched overground and treadmill predictive simulations. Predicted states and ground reaction forces for the block-treadmill model were consistent with rigid body dynamics, and lessons learned regarding ground contact model and treadmill motion definition were applied to the gait model. Treadmill simulations at 0.7, 1.2, and 1.8 m/s belt speeds resulted in predicted sagittal plane joint angles, ground reaction forces, step length, and step time that closely matched experimental data at similar speeds. Predicted speed-matched overground and treadmill simulations resulted in small RMSE values within standard deviations for healthy gait. These results suggest that this predictive simulation framework is valid and can be used to estimate gait adaptations to various treadmill training protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Pariser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave., STAR Health Sciences Complex, Rm, 201, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jill Higginson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave., STAR Health Sciences Complex, Rm, 201, Newark, DE, USA
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Kissane RWP, Charles JP, Banks RW, Bates KT. Skeletal muscle function underpins muscle spindle abundance. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220622. [PMID: 35642368 PMCID: PMC9156921 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle spindle abundance is highly variable within and across species, but we currently lack any clear picture of the mechanistic causes or consequences of this variation. Previous use of spindle abundance as a correlate for muscle function implies a mechanical underpinning to this variation, but these ideas have not been tested. Herein, we use integrated medical imaging and subject-specific musculoskeletal models to investigate the relationship between spindle abundance, muscle architecture and in vivo muscle behaviour in the human locomotor system. These analyses indicate that muscle spindle number is tightly correlated with muscle fascicle length, absolute fascicle length change, velocity of fibre lengthening and active muscle forces during walking. Novel correlations between functional indices and spindle abundance are also recovered, where muscles with a high abundance predominantly function as springs, compared to those with a lower abundance mostly functioning as brakes during walking. These data demonstrate that muscle fibre length, lengthening velocity and fibre force are key physiological signals to the central nervous system and its modulation of locomotion, and that muscle spindle abundance may be tightly correlated to how a muscle generates work. These insights may be combined with neuromechanics and robotic studies of motor control to help further tease apart the functional drivers of muscle spindle composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W. P. Kissane
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - James P. Charles
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Robert W. Banks
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Karl T. Bates
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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146
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Muscle contributions to pre-swing biomechanical tasks influence swing leg mechanics in individuals post-stroke during walking. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:55. [PMID: 35659252 PMCID: PMC9166530 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-01029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful walking requires the execution of the pre-swing biomechanical tasks of body propulsion and leg swing initiation, which are often impaired post-stroke. While excess rectus femoris activity during swing is often associated with low knee flexion, previous work has suggested that deficits in propulsion and leg swing initiation may also contribute. The purpose of this study was to determine underlying causes of propulsion, leg swing initiation and knee flexion deficits in pre-swing and their link to stiff knee gait in individuals post-stroke. Methods Musculoskeletal models and forward dynamic simulations were developed for individuals post-stroke (n = 15) and healthy participants (n = 5). Linear regressions were used to evaluate the relationships between peak knee flexion, braking and propulsion symmetry, and individual muscle contributions to braking, propulsion, knee flexion in pre-swing, and leg swing initiation. Results Four out of fifteen of individuals post-stroke had higher plantarflexor contributions to propulsion and seven out of fifteen had higher vasti contributions to braking on their paretic leg relative to their nonparetic leg. Higher gastrocnemius contributions to propulsion predicted paretic propulsion symmetry (p = 0.005) while soleus contributions did not. Higher vasti contributions to braking in pre-swing predicted lower knee flexion (p = 0.022). The rectus femoris had minimal contributions to lower knee flexion acceleration in pre-swing compared to contributions from the vasti. However, for some individuals with low knee flexion, during pre-swing the rectus femoris absorbed more power and the iliopsoas contributed less power to the paretic leg. Total musculotendon work done on the paretic leg in pre-swing did not predict knee flexion during swing. Conclusions These results emphasize the multiple causes of propulsion asymmetry in individuals post-stroke, including low plantarflexor contributions to propulsion, increased vasti contributions to braking and reliance on compensatory mechanisms. The results also show that the rectus femoris is not a major contributor to knee flexion in pre-swing, but absorbs more power from the paretic leg in pre-swing in some individuals with stiff knee gait. These results highlight the need to identify individual causes of propulsion and knee flexion deficits to design more effective rehabilitation strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12984-022-01029-z.
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147
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Starkey S, Hinman R, Paterson K, Saxby D, Knox G, Hall M. Tibiofemoral contact force differences between flat flexible and stable supportive walking shoes in people with varus-malaligned medial knee osteoarthritis: A randomized cross-over study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269331. [PMID: 35653355 PMCID: PMC9162314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effect of stable supportive to flat flexible walking shoes on medial tibiofemoral contact force (MTCF) in people with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment. Design This was a randomized cross-over study. Twenty-eight participants aged ≥50 years with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment were recruited from the community. Three-dimensional full-body motion, ground reaction forces and surface electromyograms from twelve lower-limb muscles were acquired during six speed-matched walking trials for flat flexible and stable supportive shoes, tested in random order. An electromyogram-informed neuromusculoskeletal model with subject-specific geometry estimated bodyweight (BW) normalized MTCF. Waveforms were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping with a repeated measures analysis of variance model. Peak MTCF, MTCF impulse and MTCF loading rates (discrete outcomes) were evaluated using a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance model. Results Statistical parametric mapping showed lower MTCF in stable supportive compared to flat flexible shoes during 5–18% of stance phase (p = 0.001). For the discrete outcomes, peak MTCF and MTCF impulse were not different between the shoe styles. However, mean differences [95%CI] in loading impulse (-0.02 BW·s [-0.02, 0.01], p<0.001), mean loading rate (-1.42 BW·s-1 [-2.39, -0.45], p = 0.01) and max loading rate (-3.26 BW·s-1 [-5.94, -0.59], p = 0.02) indicated lower measure of loading in stable supportive shoes compared to flexible shoes. Conclusions Stable supportive shoes reduced MTCF during loading stance and reduced loading impulse/rates compared to flat flexible shoes and therefore may be more suitable in people with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (12619000622101).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Starkey
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rana Hinman
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kade Paterson
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Saxby
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Knox
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Hall
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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148
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Evaluating Anthropometric Scaling of a Generic Adult Model to Represent Pediatric Shoulder Strength. J Biomech 2022; 141:111170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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149
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Individual muscle force–energy rate is altered during crouch gait: A neuro-musculoskeletal evaluation. J Biomech 2022; 139:111141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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150
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Uchida TK, Seth A. Conclusion or Illusion: Quantifying Uncertainty in Inverse Analyses From Marker-Based Motion Capture due to Errors in Marker Registration and Model Scaling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:874725. [PMID: 35694232 PMCID: PMC9174465 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating kinematics from optical motion capture with skin-mounted markers, referred to as an inverse kinematic (IK) calculation, is the most common experimental technique in human motion analysis. Kinematics are often used to diagnose movement disorders and plan treatment strategies. In many such applications, small differences in joint angles can be clinically significant. Kinematics are also used to estimate joint powers, muscle forces, and other quantities of interest that cannot typically be measured directly. Thus, the accuracy and reproducibility of IK calculations are critical. In this work, we isolate and quantify the uncertainty in joint angles, moments, and powers due to two sources of error during IK analyses: errors in the placement of markers on the model (marker registration) and errors in the dimensions of the model’s body segments (model scaling). We demonstrate that IK solutions are best presented as a distribution of equally probable trajectories when these sources of modeling uncertainty are considered. Notably, a substantial amount of uncertainty exists in the computed kinematics and kinetics even if low marker tracking errors are achieved. For example, considering only 2 cm of marker registration uncertainty, peak ankle plantarflexion angle varied by 15.9°, peak ankle plantarflexion moment varied by 26.6 N⋅m, and peak ankle power at push off varied by 75.9 W during healthy gait. This uncertainty can directly impact the classification of patient movements and the evaluation of training or device effectiveness, such as calculations of push-off power. We provide scripts in OpenSim so that others can reproduce our results and quantify the effect of modeling uncertainty in their own studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Uchida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Thomas K. Uchida,
| | - Ajay Seth
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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