101
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Zhang F, Liang Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Huang XG, Jia B, Liu S. Optical gears in a nanophotonic directional coupler. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10972-10983. [PMID: 28788784 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gears are rotating machines, meshing with each other by teeth to transmit torque. Interestingly, the rotating directions of two meshing gears are opposite, clockwise and counterclockwise. Although this opposite handedness motion has been widely investigated in machinery science, the analogue behavior of light remains undiscovered. Here, we present a simple nanophotonic directional coupler structure which can generate two light beams with opposite handedness of polarization states-optical gears. Due to the abrupt phase shift effect and birefringence effect, the angular momentum (AM) states of photons vary with the propagation distance in two adjacent waveguides of the coupler. Thus, by the choice of coupling length, it is able to obtain two light beams with opposite handedness of polarization, confirming the appearance of optical gears. The full control in the handedness of output beams is achieved via tuning the relative phase between two orthogonal modes at the input port. Optical gears thus offer the possibility of exploring light-matter interactions in nanoscale, opening up new avenues in fields of integrated quantum computing and nanoscale bio-sensing of chiral molecules.
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102
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Espinosa-Soria A, Rodríguez-Fortuño FJ, Griol A, Martínez A. On-Chip Optimal Stokes Nanopolarimetry Based on Spin-Orbit Interaction of Light. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3139-3144. [PMID: 28388061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Full measurement of the polarization of light at the nanoscale is expected to be crucial in many scientific and technological disciplines. Ideally, such measurements will require miniaturized Stokes polarimeters able to determine polarization nondestructively, locally, and in real time. For maximum robustness in measurement, the polarimeters should also operate optimally. Recent approaches making use of plasmonic nanostructures or metasurfaces are not able to fulfill all these requirements simultaneously. Here, we propose and demonstrate a method for subwavelength-footprint Stokes nanopolarimetry based on spin-orbit interaction of light. The method, which basically consists on a subwavelength scatterer coupled to a (set of) multimode waveguide(s), can fully determine the state of polarization satisfying all the previous features. Remarkably, the nanopolarimetry technique can operate optimally (we design a nanopolarimeter whose polarization basis spans 99.7% of the maximum tetrahedron volume inside the Poincaré sphere) over a broad bandwidth. Although here experimentally demonstrated on a silicon chip at telecom wavelengths, spin-orbit interaction-based nanopolarimetry is a universal concept to be applied in any wavelength regime or technological platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Espinosa-Soria
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia 46022, Spain
| | | | - Amadeu Griol
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia 46022, Spain
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103
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Yue F, Wen D, Zhang C, Gerardot BD, Wang W, Zhang S, Chen X. Multichannel Polarization-Controllable Superpositions of Orbital Angular Momentum States. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28207164 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A facile metasurface approach is shown to realize polarization-controllable multichannel superpositions of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states with various topological charges. By manipulating the polarization state of the incident light, four kinds of superpositions of OAM states are realized using a single metasurface consisting of space-variant arrays of gold nanoantennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Yue
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Dandan Wen
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Brian D Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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104
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Guan C, Yuan T, Chu R, Shen Y, Zhu Z, Shi J, Li P, Yuan L, Brambilla G. Generation of ultra-wideband achromatic Airy plasmons on a graphene surface. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:563-566. [PMID: 28146528 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tunable ultra-wideband achromatic plasmonic Airy beams are demonstrated on graphene surfaces. Surface plasmonic polaritons are excited using diffractive gratings. The phase and amplitude of plasmonic waves on the graphene surface are determined by the relative position between the grating arrays and the duty ratio of the grating unit cell, respectively. The transverse acceleration and nondiffraction properties of plasmonic waves are observed. The achromatic Airy plasmons with identical acceleration trajectory at different excited frequencies can be achieved by tuning dynamically the Fermi energy of graphene without reoptimizing the grating structures. The proposed devices may find applications in photonics integrations and surface optical manipulation.
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105
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Freund I. Topological events on the lines of circular polarization in nonparaxial vector optical fields. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:611-614. [PMID: 28146540 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In nonparaxial vector optical fields, the following topological events are shown to occur in apparent violation of charge conservation: as one translates the observation plane along a line of circular polarization (a C line), the points on the line (C points) are seen to change not only the signs of their topological charges, but also their handedness, and, at turning points on the line, paired C points with the same topological charge and opposite handedness are seen to nucleate. These counter-intuitive events cannot occur in paraxial fields.
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106
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Devlin RC, Ambrosio A, Wintz D, Oscurato SL, Zhu AY, Khorasaninejad M, Oh J, Maddalena P, Capasso F. Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in dielectric metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:377-393. [PMID: 28085832 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vortex beams are characterized by a helical wavefront and a phase singularity point on the propagation axis that results in a doughnut-like intensity profile. These beams carry orbital angular momentum proportional to the number of intertwined helices constituting the wavefront. Vortex beams have many applications in optics, such as optical trapping, quantum optics and microscopy. Although beams with such characteristics can be generated holographically, spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion has attracted considerable interest as a tool to create vortex beams. In this process, the geometrical phase is exploited to create helical beams whose handedness is determined by the circular polarization (left/right) of the incident light, that is by its spin. Here we demonstrate high-efficiency Spin-to-Orbital angular momentum-Converters (SOCs) at visible wavelengths based on dielectric metasurfaces. With these SOCs we generate vortex beams with high and fractional topological charge and show for the first time the simultaneous generation of collinear helical beams with different and arbitrary orbital angular momentum. This versatile method of creating vortex beams, which circumvents the limitations of liquid crystal SOCs and adds new functionalities, should significantly expand the applications of these beams.
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107
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Alberucci A, Jisha CP, Marrucci L, Assanto G. Electromagnetic Confinement via Spin-Orbit Interaction in Anisotropic Dielectrics. ACS PHOTONICS 2016; 3:2249-2254. [PMID: 28217716 PMCID: PMC5312827 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate electromagnetic propagation in uniaxial dielectrics with a transversely varying orientation of the optic axis, the latter staying orthogonal everywhere in the propagation direction. In such a geometry, the field experiences no refractive index gradients, yet it acquires a transversely modulated Pancharatnam-Berry phase, that is, a geometric phase originating from a spin-orbit interaction. We show that the periodic evolution of the geometric phase versus propagation gives rise to a longitudinally invariant effective potential. In certain configurations, this geometric phase can provide transverse confinement and waveguiding. The theoretical findings are tested and validated against numerical simulations of the complete Maxwell's equations. Our results introduce and illustrate the role of geometric phases on electromagnetic propagation over distances well exceeding the diffraction length, paving the way to a whole new family of guided waves and waveguides that do not rely on refractive index tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alberucci
- Optics
Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- NooEL - Nonlinear Optics
and OptoElectronics Lab, University “Roma
Tre”, IT-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Chandroth P. Jisha
- Centro
de Física do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, PT-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico
II, IT-80100 Naples, Italy
- CNR-ISASI,
Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems, IT-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Assanto
- Optics
Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- NooEL - Nonlinear Optics
and OptoElectronics Lab, University “Roma
Tre”, IT-00146 Rome, Italy
- CNR-ISC,
Institute for Complex Systems, IT-00185 Rome, Italy
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108
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109
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Neugebauer M, Grosche S, Rothau S, Leuchs G, Banzer P. Lateral spin transport in paraxial beams of light. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3499-3502. [PMID: 27472603 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the lateral transport of (longitudinal) spin angular momentum in a special polarization tailored light beam composed of a superposition of a y-polarized zero-order and an x-polarized first-order Hermite-Gaussian mode. This phenomenon is linked to the relative Gouy phase shift between the individual modes upon propagation, but can also be interpreted as a geometric phase effect. Experimentally, we demonstrate the implementation of such a mode and measure the spin density upon propagation.
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110
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Bauer T, Neugebauer M, Leuchs G, Banzer P. Optical Polarization Möbius Strips and Points of Purely Transverse Spin Density. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:013601. [PMID: 27419567 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tightly focused light beams can exhibit complex and versatile structured electric field distributions. The local field may spin around any axis including a transverse axis perpendicular to the beams' propagation direction. At certain focal positions, the corresponding local polarization ellipse can even degenerate into a perfect circle, representing a point of circular polarization or C point. We consider the most fundamental case of a linearly polarized Gaussian beam, where-upon tight focusing-those C points created by transversely spinning fields can form the center of 3D optical polarization topologies when choosing the plane of observation appropriately. Because of the high symmetry of the focal field, these polarization topologies exhibit nontrivial structures similar to Möbius strips. We use a direct physical measure to find C points with an arbitrarily oriented spinning axis of the electric field and experimentally investigate the fully three-dimensional polarization topologies surrounding these C points by exploiting an amplitude and phase reconstruction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bauer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Neugebauer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Leuchs
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Peter Banzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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111
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Zeng J, Li L, Yang X, Gao J. Generating and Separating Twisted Light by gradient-rotation Split-Ring Antenna Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3101-8. [PMID: 27092965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale compact optical vortex generators promise substantially significant prospects in modern optics and photonics, leading to many advances in sensing, imaging, quantum communication, and optical manipulation. However, conventional vortex generators often suffer from bulky size, low vortex mode purity in the converted beam, or limited operation bandwidth. Here, we design and demonstrate gradient-rotation split-ring antenna metasurfaces as unique spin-to-orbital angular momentum beam converters to simultaneously generate and separate pure optical vortices in a broad wavelength range. Our proposed design has the potential for realizing miniaturized on-chip OAM-multiplexers, as well as enabling new types of metasurface devices for the manipulation of complex structured light beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zeng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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112
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Integratable quarter-wave plates enable one-way angular momentum conversion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24959. [PMID: 27102332 PMCID: PMC4840338 DOI: 10.1038/srep24959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanophotonic waveguides are the building blocks of integrated photonics. To date, while quarter-wave plates (QWPs) are widely used as common components for a wide range of applications in free space, there are almost no reports of Integratable QWPs being able to manipulate the angular momentum (AM) of photons inside nanophotonic waveguides. Here, we demonstrate two kinds of Integratable QWPs respectively based on the concept of abrupt phase change and birefringence effect. The orientation of the equivalent optical axis of an Integratable QWP is designable. Remarkably, a combination of two integratable QWPs with different equivalent optical axes leads to an integrated system that performances one-way AM conversion. Moreover, this system can be used as a point source that can excite different patterns on a metal surface via directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). These results allow for the control of AM of light in nanophotonic waveguides, which are crucial for various applications with limited physical space, such as on-chip bio-sensing and integrated quantum information processing.
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113
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Yu R, Ye D, Xin Y, Chen Y, Zhao Q. Distributions of Amplitude and Phase Around C-points: Lemon, Mon-Star, and Star. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3807/josk.2016.20.1.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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114
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Radwell N, Hawley RD, Götte JB, Franke-Arnold S. Achromatic vector vortex beams from a glass cone. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10564. [PMID: 26861191 PMCID: PMC4749967 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The reflection of light is governed by the laws first described by Augustin-Jean Fresnel: on internal reflection, light acquires a phase shift, which depends on its polarization direction with respect to the plane of incidence. For a conical reflector, the cylindrical symmetry is echoed in an angular variation of this phase shift, allowing us to create light modes with phase and polarization singularities. Here we observe the phase and polarization profiles of light that is back reflected from a solid glass cone and, in the case of circular input light, discover that not only does the beam contain orbital angular momentum but can trivially be converted to a radially polarized beam. Importantly, the Fresnel coefficients are reasonably stable across the visible spectrum, which we demonstrate by measuring white light polarization profiles. This discovery provides a highly cost-effective technique for the generation of broadband orbital angular momentum and radially polarized beams. Under total internal reflection light acquires a phase shift that depends on its polarisation. Here, the authors show that this effect can be harnessed to generate so-called vector vortex beams—light with polarization and phase singularities—when white light is back-reflected from a glass cone
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Affiliation(s)
- N Radwell
- SUPA and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Building, Renfrewshire, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - R D Hawley
- SUPA and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Building, Renfrewshire, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - J B Götte
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Franke-Arnold
- SUPA and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Building, Renfrewshire, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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115
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Leppänen LP, Saastamoinen K, Lehtolahti J, Friberg AT, Setälä T. Detection of partial polarization of light beams with dipolar nanocubes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:1472-1479. [PMID: 26832527 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We confirm experimentally that the degree and state of polarization of a random, partially polarized electromagnetic beam can be obtained by probing the field with a nanoscatterer. We use a gold nanocube on silicon substrate as a local scatterer and detect the polarization characteristics of the scattered far field, which enables us to deduce the state of partial polarization of the field at the nanoprobe site. In contrast to previous beam characterization methods where spatial resolution is limited by the pixel size of the detector, the accuracy of the current technique is specified by the particle size. Our work is the first step towards polarization-state detection of random optical near fields for which the use of nanoprobes is required.
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116
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Vyas S, Kozawa Y, Miyamoto Y. Creation of polarization gradients from superposition of counter propagating vector LG beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:33970-33979. [PMID: 26832055 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.033970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the formation of standing waves using cylindrically polarized vector Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams. It is shown that complex interplay between the radial and azimuthal polarization state can be used to realize different kinds of polarization gradients with cylindrically symmetric polarization distribution. Expressions for four different cases are presented and local dynamics of spatial polarization distribution is studied. We show cylindrically symmetric Sisyphus and corkscrew type polarization gradients can be obtained from vector LG beams. The optical landscape presented here with spatially periodic polarization patterns may find important applications in the field of atom optics, atom interferometry, atom lithography, and optical trapping.
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117
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Dufferwiel S, Li F, Cancellieri E, Giriunas L, Trichet AAP, Whittaker DM, Walker PM, Fras F, Clarke E, Smith JM, Skolnick MS, Krizhanovskii DN. Spin Textures of Exciton-Polaritons in a Tunable Microcavity with Large TE-TM Splitting. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:246401. [PMID: 26705642 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.246401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an extended family of spin textures of zero-dimensional exciton-polaritons spatially confined in tunable open microcavity structures. The transverse-electric-transverse-magnetic (TE-TM) splitting, which is enhanced in the open cavity structures, leads to polariton eigenstates carrying quantized spin vortices. Depending on the strength and anisotropy of the cavity confining potential and of the TE-TM induced splitting, which can be tuned via the excitonic or photonic fractions, the exciton-polariton emissions exhibit either spin-vortex-like patterns or linear polarization, in good agreement with theoretical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dufferwiel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E Cancellieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - L Giriunas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A A P Trichet
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - D M Whittaker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - P M Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - F Fras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- IPCMS UMR 7504, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - E Clarke
- EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technologies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - J M Smith
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D N Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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118
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Norrman A, Setälä T, Friberg AT. Generation and electromagnetic coherence of unpolarized three-component light fields. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:5216-5219. [PMID: 26565838 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.005216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Conditions for controlled generation of completely unpolarized, genuine three-component random light fields, both radiating and evanescent, in multi-beam illumination at a planar dielectric interface are explored. The associated electromagnetic degrees of coherence are also analyzed. Our results reveal the possibility to tailor fields with polarization properties identical to those of universal blackbody radiation, yet with tunable spatial coherence characteristics. Such unconventional, fully unpolarized three-component electromagnetic fields, not addressable by the traditional beam-field formalism, could be exploited in surface-photonic light-matter interactions.
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119
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Timofeev IV, Gunyakov VA, Sutormin VS, Myslivets SA, Arkhipkin VG, Vetrov SY, Lee W, Zyryanov VY. Geometric phase and o-mode blueshift in a chiral anisotropic medium inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:052504. [PMID: 26651714 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.052504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous spectral shift of transmission peaks is observed in a Fabry-Pérot cavity filled with a chiral anisotropic medium. The effective refractive index value resides out of the interval between the ordinary and the extraordinary refractive indices. The spectral shift is explained by contribution of a geometric phase. The problem is solved analytically using the approximate Jones matrix method, numerically using the accurate Berreman method, and geometrically using the generalized Mauguin-Poincaré rolling cone method. The o-mode blueshift is measured for a 4-methoxybenzylidene-4'-n-butylaniline twisted-nematic layer inside the Fabry-Pérot cavity. The twist is electrically induced due to the homeoplanar-twisted configuration transition in an ionic-surfactant-doped liquid crystal layer. Experimental evidence confirms the validity of the theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Timofeev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Laboratory for Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Gunyakov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Vitaly S Sutormin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Sergey A Myslivets
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Vasily G Arkhipkin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Laboratory for Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Stepan Ya Vetrov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Wei Lee
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Victor Ya Zyryanov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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120
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Yu R, Xin Y, Zhao Q, Shao Y, Chen Y. Exceptional polarization structures near the C-lines in diffracted near fields. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2015; 32:1468-1473. [PMID: 26367290 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the polarization structures in the vicinity of C-lines in the near fields diffracted from a pair of small holes. We find that, when the incident light is circularly polarized, both the true C-lines and the structures near them are controlled only by the longitudinal component. Furthermore, we find that all the existing singular lines of circular polarization have the winding number ±1, which is very different than the usual numbers ±1/2, and the structure of major axes of the polarization ellipses surrounding these lines are shown to form structures different than the Möbius strip type. All these features prove to be stable upon small changes of shapes or positions of the apertures. However, C-lines with a unit winding number split into two C-lines of half-winding numbers when the incident light is elliptically polarized light.
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Ouyang J, Perrie W, Allegre OJ, Heil T, Jin Y, Fearon E, Eckford D, Edwardson SP, Dearden G. Tailored optical vector fields for ultrashort-pulse laser induced complex surface plasmon structuring. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:12562-12572. [PMID: 26074511 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.012562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Precise tailoring of optical vector beams is demonstrated, shaping their focal electric fields and used to create complex laser micro-patterning on a metal surface. A Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) and a micro-structured S-waveplate were integrated with a picosecond laser system and employed to structure the vector fields into radial and azimuthal polarizations with and without a vortex phase wavefront as well as superposition states. Imprinting Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) elucidates the detailed vector fields around the focal region. In addition to clear azimuthal and radial plasmon surface structures, unique, variable logarithmic spiral micro-structures with a pitch Λ ∼1μm, not observed previously, were imprinted on the surface, confirming unambiguously the complex 2D focal electric fields. We show clearly also how the Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM) associated with a helical wavefront induces rotation of vector fields along the optic axis of a focusing lens and confirmed by the observed surface micro-structures.
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