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Thomaschewski M, Prämassing M, Schill HJ, Zenin VA, Bozhevolnyi SI, Sorger VJ, Linden S. Near-Field Observation of the Photonic Spin Hall Effect. Nano Lett 2023; 23:11447-11452. [PMID: 37982385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The photonic spin Hall effect, referring to the spatial separation of photons with opposite spins due to spin-orbit interactions, has enabled potential for various spin-sensitive applications and devices. Here, using scattering-type near-field scanning optical microscopy, we observe spin-orbit interactions introduced by a subwavelength semiring antenna integrated in a plasmonic circuit. Clear evidence of unidirectional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons is obtained by direct comparison of the amplitude- and phase-resolved near-field maps of the plasmonic nanocircuit under excitation with photons of opposite spin states coupled to a plasmonic nanoantenna. We present details of the antenna design and experimental methods to investigate the spatial variation of complex electromagnetic fields in a spin-sensitive plasmonic circuit. The reported findings offer valuable insights into the generation, characterization, and application of the photonic spin Hall effect in photonic integrated circuits for future and emerging spin-selective nanophotonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thomaschewski
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW 5000 Science & Engineering Hall, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Mike Prämassing
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schill
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vladimir A Zenin
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Volker J Sorger
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW 5000 Science & Engineering Hall, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
- Florida Semiconductor Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Stefan Linden
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Kedves M, Szentpéteri B, Márffy A, Tóvári E, Papadopoulos N, Rout PK, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Goswami S, Csonka S, Makk P. Stabilizing the Inverted Phase of a WSe 2/BLG/WSe 2 Heterostructure via Hydrostatic Pressure. Nano Lett 2023; 23:9508-9514. [PMID: 37844301 PMCID: PMC10603803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer graphene (BLG) was recently shown to host a band-inverted phase with unconventional topology emerging from the Ising-type spin-orbit interaction (SOI) induced by the proximity of transition metal dichalcogenides with large intrinsic SOI. Here, we report the stabilization of this band-inverted phase in BLG symmetrically encapsulated in tungsten diselenide (WSe2) via hydrostatic pressure. Our observations from low temperature transport measurements are consistent with a single particle model with induced Ising SOI of opposite sign on the two graphene layers. To confirm the strengthening of the inverted phase, we present thermal activation measurements and show that the SOI-induced band gap increases by more than 100% due to the applied pressure. Finally, the investigation of Landau level spectra reveals the dependence of the level-crossings on the applied magnetic field, which further confirms the enhancement of SOI with pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kedves
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Correlated van der Waals Structures Momentum Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szentpéteri
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Correlated van der Waals Structures Momentum Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Albin Márffy
- MTA-BME
Correlated van der Waals Structures Momentum Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Superconducting Nanoelectronics Momentum Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Tóvári
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Correlated van der Waals Structures Momentum Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Nikos Papadopoulos
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Prasanna K. Rout
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Srijit Goswami
- QuTech
and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft
University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Szabolcs Csonka
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Superconducting Nanoelectronics Momentum Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Makk
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Correlated van der Waals Structures Momentum Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
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3
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Haxell D, Coraiola M, Sabonis D, Hinderling M, ten Kate SC, Cheah E, Krizek F, Schott R, Wegscheider W, Nichele F. Zeeman- and Orbital-Driven Phase Shifts in Planar Josephson Junctions. ACS Nano 2023; 17:18139-18147. [PMID: 37694539 PMCID: PMC10540266 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
We perform supercurrent and tunneling spectroscopy measurements on gate-tunable InAs/Al Josephson junctions (JJs) in an in-plane magnetic field and report on phase shifts in the current-phase relation measured with respect to an absolute phase reference. The impact of orbital effects is investigated by studying multiple devices with different superconducting lead sizes. At low fields, we observe gate-dependent phase shifts of up to φ0 = 0.5π, which are consistent with a Zeeman field coupling to highly transmissive Andreev bound states via Rashba spin-orbit interaction. A distinct phase shift emerges at larger fields, concomitant with a switching current minimum and the closing and reopening of the superconducting gap. These signatures of an induced phase transition, which might resemble a topological transition, scale with the superconducting lead size, demonstrating the crucial role of orbital effects. Our results elucidate the interplay of Zeeman, spin-orbit, and orbital effects in InAs/Al JJs, giving improved understanding of phase transitions in hybrid JJs and their applications in quantum computing and superconducting electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Coraiola
- IBM
Research Europe−Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Erik Cheah
- Laboratory
for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Filip Krizek
- IBM
Research Europe−Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Laboratory
for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Wegscheider
- Laboratory
for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Chen CJ, Chao YC, Lin YH, Zhuang YH, Lai YM, Huang ST, MacDonald AH, Shih CK, Wang BY, Su JJ, Hsu PJ. Single-Atomic-Layer Stanene on Ferromagnetic Co Nanoislands with Topological Band Structures. ACS Nano 2023; 17:7456-7465. [PMID: 37014733 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Introducing magnetism to two-dimensional topological insulators is a central issue in the pursuit of magnetic topological materials in low dimensionality. By means of low-temperature growth at 80 K, we succeeded in fabricating a monolayer stanene on Co/Cu(111) and resolving ferromagnetic spin contrast by field-dependent spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM). Increases of both remanence to saturation magnetization ratio (Mr/Ms) and coercive field (Hc) due to an enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are further identified by out-of-plane magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). In addition to ultraflat stanene fully relaxed on bilayer Co/Cu(111) from density functional theory (DFT), characteristic topological properties including an in-plane s-p band inversion and a spin-orbit coupling (SOC) induced gap about 0.25 eV at the Γ̅ point have also been verified in the Sn-projected band structure. Interfacial coupling of single-atomic-layer stanene with ferromagnetic Co biatomic layers allows topological band features to coexist with ferromagnetism, facilitating a conceptual design of atomically thin magnetic topological heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ju Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 300044 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chun Chao
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Lin
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 300044 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Zhuang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 300044 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ming Lai
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tang Huang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 300044 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Allan H MacDonald
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bo-Yao Wang
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Jung Su
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Jui Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 300044 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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5
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ten Kate S, Ritter MF, Fuhrer A, Jung J, Schellingerhout SG, Bakkers EPAM, Riel H, Nichele F. Small Charging Energies and g-Factor Anisotropy in PbTe Quantum Dots. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7049-7056. [PMID: 35998346 PMCID: PMC9479220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PbTe is a semiconductor with promising properties for topological quantum computing applications. Here, we characterize electron quantum dots in PbTe nanowires selectively grown on InP. Charge stability diagrams at zero magnetic field reveal large even-odd spacing between Coulomb blockade peaks, charging energies below 140 μeV and Kondo peaks in odd Coulomb diamonds. We attribute the large even-odd spacing to the large dielectric constant and small effective electron mass of PbTe. By studying the Zeeman-induced level and Kondo splitting in finite magnetic fields, we extract the electron g-factor as a function of magnetic field direction. We find the g-factor tensor to be highly anisotropic with principal g-factors ranging from 0.9 to 22.4 and to depend on the electronic configuration of the devices. These results indicate strong Rashba spin-orbit interaction in our PbTe quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofieke
C. ten Kate
- IBM
Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- University
of Twente, Drienerlolaan
5, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Markus F. Ritter
- IBM
Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fuhrer
- IBM
Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Jason Jung
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Heike Riel
- IBM
Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Nichele
- IBM
Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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6
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Ramanandan S, Tomić P, Morgan NP, Giunto A, Rudra A, Ensslin K, Ihn T, Fontcuberta i Morral A. Coherent Hole Transport in Selective Area Grown Ge Nanowire Networks. Nano Lett 2022; 22:4269-4275. [PMID: 35507698 PMCID: PMC9136922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Holes in germanium nanowires have emerged as a realistic platform for quantum computing based on spin qubit logic. On top of the large spin-orbit coupling that allows fast qubit operation, nanowire geometry and orientation can be tuned to cancel out charge noise and hyperfine interaction. Here, we demonstrate a scalable approach to synthesize and organize Ge nanowires on silicon (100)-oriented substrates. Germanium nanowire networks are obtained by selectively growing on nanopatterned slits in a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy system. Low-temperature electronic transport measurements are performed on nanowire Hall bar devices revealing high hole doping of ∼1018 cm-3 and mean free path of ∼10 nm. Quantum diffusive transport phenomena, universal conductance fluctuations, and weak antilocalization are revealed through magneto transport measurements yielding a coherence and a spin-orbit length of the order of 100 and 10 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhanu
Panikar Ramanandan
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Petar Tomić
- Solid
State Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Paul Morgan
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Giunto
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alok Rudra
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Ensslin
- Solid
State Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum
Center, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ihn
- Solid
State Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum
Center, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Fontcuberta i Morral
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Jolie W, Hung TC, Niggli L, Verlhac B, Hauptmann N, Wegner D, Khajetoorians AA. Creating Tunable Quantum Corrals on a Rashba Surface Alloy. ACS Nano 2022; 16:4876-4883. [PMID: 35271251 PMCID: PMC8945344 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial lattices derived from assembled atoms on a surface using scanning tunneling microscopy present a platform to create matter with tailored electronic, magnetic, and topological properties. However, artificial lattice studies to date have focused exclusively on surfaces with weak spin-orbit coupling. Here, we illustrate the creation and characterization of quantum corrals from iron atoms on the prototypical Rashba surface alloy BiCu2, using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We observe very complex interference patterns that result from the interplay of the size of the confinement potential, the intricate multiband scattering, and hexagonal warping from the underlying band structure. On the basis of a particle-in-a-box model that accounts for the observed multiband scattering, we qualitatively link the resultant confined wave functions with the contributions of the various scattering channels. On the basis of these results, we studied the coupling of two quantum corrals and the effect of the underlying warping toward the creation of artificial dimer states. This platform may provide a perspective toward the creation of correlated artificial lattices with nontrivial topology.
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8
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Khan P, Brennan G, Li Z, Al Hassan L, Rice D, Gleeson M, Mani AA, Tofail SAM, Xu H, Liu N, Silien C. Circular Polarization Conversion in Single Plasmonic Spherical Particles. Nano Lett 2022; 22:1504-1510. [PMID: 35112876 PMCID: PMC8880373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temporal and spectral behaviors of plasmons determine their ability to enhance the characteristics of metamaterials tailored to a wide range of applications, including electric-field enhancement, hot-electron injection, sensing, as well as polarization and angular momentum manipulation. We report a dark-field (DF) polarimetry experiment on single particles with incident circularly polarized light in which gold nanoparticles scatter with opposite handedness at visible wavelengths. Remarkably, for silvered nanoporous silica microparticles, the handedness conversion occurs at longer visible wavelengths, only after adsorption of molecules on the silver. Finite element analysis (FEA) allows matching the circular polarization (CP) conversion to dominant quadrupolar contributions, determined by the specimen size and complex susceptibility. We hypothesize that the damping accompanying the adsorption of molecules on the nanostructured silver facilitates the CP conversion. These results offer new perspectives in molecule sensing and materials tunability for light polarization conversion and control of light spin angular momentum at submicroscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Khan
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Grace Brennan
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Zhe Li
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- School
of Physics and Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies and Center
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Luluh Al Hassan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Daragh Rice
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Matthew Gleeson
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Aladin A. Mani
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Syed A. M. Tofail
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School
of Physics and Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies and Center
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Christophe Silien
- Department
of Physics and Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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9
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Moehle CM, Ke CT, Wang Q, Thomas C, Xiao D, Karwal S, Lodari M, van de Kerkhof V, Termaat R, Gardner GC, Scappucci G, Manfra MJ, Goswami S. InSbAs Two-Dimensional Electron Gases as a Platform for Topological Superconductivity. Nano Lett 2021; 21:9990-9996. [PMID: 34793173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Topological superconductivity can be engineered in semiconductors with strong spin-orbit interaction coupled to a superconductor. Experimental advances in this field have often been triggered by the development of new hybrid material systems. Among these, two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) are of particular interest due to their inherent design flexibility and scalability. Here, we discuss results on a 2D platform based on a ternary 2DEG (InSbAs) coupled to in situ grown aluminum. The spin-orbit coupling in these 2DEGs can be tuned with the As concentration, reaching values up to 400 meV Å, thus exceeding typical values measured in its binary constituents. In addition to a large Landé g-factor of ∼55 (comparable to that of InSb), we show that the clean superconductor-semiconductor interface leads to a hard induced superconducting gap. Using this new platform, we demonstrate the basic operation of phase-controllable Josephson junctions, superconducting islands, and quasi-1D systems, prototypical device geometries used to study Majorana zero modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Moehle
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chung Ting Ke
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Qingzhen Wang
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Candice Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Saurabh Karwal
- QuTech and Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2628 CK Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Lodari
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent van de Kerkhof
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Termaat
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey C Gardner
- Microsoft Quantum Purdue, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Giordano Scappucci
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Manfra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Microsoft Quantum Purdue, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Srijit Goswami
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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10
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Zhang T, Liu H, Gao F, Xu G, Wang K, Zhang X, Cao G, Wang T, Zhang J, Hu X, Li HO, Guo GP. Anisotropic g-Factor and Spin-Orbit Field in a Germanium Hut Wire Double Quantum Dot. Nano Lett 2021; 21:3835-3842. [PMID: 33914549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Holes in nanowires have drawn significant attention in recent years because of the strong spin-orbit interaction, which plays an important role in constructing Majorana zero modes and manipulating spin-orbit qubits. Here, from the strongly anisotropic leakage current in the spin blockade regime for a double dot, we extract the full g-tensor and find that the spin-orbit field is in plane with an azimuthal angle of 59° to the axis of the nanowire. The direction of the spin-orbit field indicates a strong spin-orbit interaction along the nanowire, which may have originated from the interface inversion asymmetry in Ge hut wires. We also demonstrate two different spin relaxation mechanisms for the holes in the Ge hut wire double dot: spin-flip co-tunneling to the leads, and spin-orbit interaction within the double dot. These results help establish feasibility of a Ge-based quantum processor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - He Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ke Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Institute of Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuedong Hu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Hai-Ou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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11
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Fei R, Yu S, Lu Y, Zhu L, Yang L. Switchable Enhanced Spin Photocurrent in Rashba and Cubic Dresselhaus Ferroelectric Semiconductors. Nano Lett 2021; 21:2265-2271. [PMID: 33645230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Generating and controlling spin current (SC) are of central interest in spin physics and applications. To date, the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is an established pathway to generate SC through the spin-charge current conversion. We predict an efficient spin-light conversion via the Rashba and higher-order cubic Dresselhaus SOIs in ferroelectrics. Different from the known Edelstein effect, where SC is created by the nonequilibrium spin density, our predicted spin-polarized current is from direct interactions between light and unique spin textures generated by SOI in ferroelectrics. Using first-principles simulations, we demonstrate these concepts by calculating the DC spin photocurrent in a prototypical Rashba ferroelectric, α-GeTe. The photoinduced SC is about 2 orders of magnitude larger than the charge photocurrent. More importantly, we can conveniently switch the direction of SC by an applied electric field via inverting the spin textures. These predictions give hope to generating and controlling light-driven SC via a nonvolatile electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Fei
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Shuaiqin Yu
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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12
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Matsuoka H, Barnes SE, Ieda J, Maekawa S, Bahramy MS, Saika BK, Takeda Y, Wadati H, Wang Y, Yoshida S, Ishizaka K, Iwasa Y, Nakano M. Spin-Orbit-Induced Ising Ferromagnetism at a van der Waals Interface. Nano Lett 2021; 21:1807-1814. [PMID: 33538606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy, a key ingredient for establishing long-range order in a magnetic material down to the two-dimensional (2D) limit, is generally associated with spin-orbit interaction (SOI) involving a finite orbital angular momentum. Here we report strong out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy without orbital angular momentum, emerging at the interface between two different van der Waals (vdW) materials, an archetypal metallic vdW material NbSe2 possessing Zeeman-type SOI and an isotropic vdW ferromagnet V5Se8. We found that the Zeeman SOI in NbSe2 induces robust out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy in V5Se8 down to the 2D limit with a more than 2-fold enhancement of the transition temperature. We propose a simple model that takes into account the energy gain in NbSe2 in contact with a ferromagnet, which naturally explains our observations. Our results demonstrate a conceptually new magnetic proximity effect at the vdW interface, expanding the horizons of emergent phenomena achievable in vdW heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Matsuoka
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Jun'ichi Ieda
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Sadamichi Maekawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences (KITS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mohammad Saeed Bahramy
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bruno Kenichi Saika
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Takeda
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hiroki Wadati
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yue Wang
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishizaka
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
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13
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Alotibi S, Hickey BJ, Teobaldi G, Ali M, Barker J, Poli E, O'Regan DD, Ramasse Q, Burnell G, Patchett J, Ciccarelli C, Alyami M, Moorsom T, Cespedes O. Enhanced Spin-Orbit Coupling in Heavy Metals via Molecular Coupling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5228-5234. [PMID: 33470108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
5d metals are used in electronics because of their high spin-orbit coupling (SOC) leading to efficient spin-electric conversion. When C60 is grown on a metal, the electronic structure is altered due to hybridization and charge transfer. In this work, we measure the spin Hall magnetoresistance for Pt/C60 and Ta/C60, finding that they are up to a factor of 6 higher than those for pristine metals, indicating a 20-60% increase in the spin Hall angle. At low fields of 1-30 mT, the presence of C60 increased the anisotropic magnetoresistance by up to 700%. Our measurements are supported by noncollinear density functional theory calculations, which predict a significant SOC enhancement by C60 that penetrates through the Pt layer, concomitant with trends in the magnetic moment of transport electrons acquired via SOC and symmetry breaking. The charge transfer and hybridization between the metal and C60 can be controlled by gating, so our results indicate the possibility of dynamically modifying the SOC of thin metals using molecular layers. This could be exploited in spin-transfer torque memories and pure spin current circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satam Alotibi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Bryan J Hickey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Gilberto Teobaldi
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Mannan Ali
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Joseph Barker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Emiliano Poli
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - David D O'Regan
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and the SFI Advanced Materials and Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Quentin Ramasse
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - Gavin Burnell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - James Patchett
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Chiara Ciccarelli
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - Mohammed Alyami
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Timothy Moorsom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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14
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Abstract
In linear optics, the angular momentum of light can be easily manipulated through the optical spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in structured media such as liquid crystals, metasurfaces, and forked gratings. Similarly, metasurfaces can be used to generate nonlinear optical beams with both custom-defined spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) states. However, it has been limited to a low-order process in which only a Gaussian-shaped fundamental wave is used. In this work, the high-order nonlinear optical SOI effect on metasurfaces is demonstrated through the generation of multiple angular momentum states in nonlinear waves. This is achieved by exploiting the degrees of freedom provided by both the SAM and the OAM states of the fundamental wave (FW) and the topological charges of the plasmonic metasurfaces. The mechanism of both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the OAM of the nonlinear waves is revealed. High-order nonlinear SOI on metasurfaces offers new opportunities for realizing ultracompact nonlinear vortex beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kingfai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junhong Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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15
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Friedl M, Cerveny K, Huang C, Dede D, Samani M, Hill MO, Morgan N, Kim W, Güniat L, Segura-Ruiz J, Lauhon LJ, Zumbühl DM, Fontcuberta I Morral A. Remote Doping of Scalable Nanowire Branches. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3577-3584. [PMID: 32315191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selective-area epitaxy provides a path toward high crystal quality, scalable, complex nanowire networks. These high-quality networks could be used in topological quantum computing as well as in ultrafast photodetection schemes. Control of the carrier density and mean free path in these devices is key for all of these applications. Factors that affect the mean free path include scattering by surfaces, donors, defects, and impurities. Here, we demonstrate how to reduce donor scattering in InGaAs nanowire networks by adopting a remote-doping strategy. Low-temperature magnetotransport measurements indicate weak anti-localization-a signature of strong spin-orbit interaction-across a nanowire Y-junction. This work serves as a blueprint for achieving remotely doped, ultraclean, and scalable nanowire networks for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Friedl
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kris Cerveny
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chunyi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Didem Dede
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Samani
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Megan O Hill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wonjong Kim
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Güniat
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Muhammad Z, Zhang B, Lv H, Shan H, Rehman ZU, Chen S, Sun Z, Wu X, Zhao A, Song L. Transition from Semimetal to Semiconductor in ZrTe 2 Induced by Se Substitution. ACS Nano 2020; 14:835-841. [PMID: 31860270 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered transition-metal telluride can build stable metallic, metastable metallic, or semimetallic polymorphic crystal structures with enormous technological and scientific applications. Herein the hexagonal structures of zirconium ditelluride (ZrTe2) and ZrTe2(1-x)Se2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) single crystals were selectively synthesized through the chemical vapor transport method. The electronic band structures were systematically studied through angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) combined with first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The ARPES results suggested a clear electronic phase transition from a semimetal to a semiconductor in ZrTe2(1-x)Se2x with the x value changing. Compared with pristine ZrTe2, the valence band splitting in ZrTe2(1-x)Se2x decreased at the Γ point due to the reduction of the spin-orbit interaction, whereas an indirect band gap opened in the vicinity of the Fermi level with the increase in Se concentration. Our DFT calculations further confirmed that the substituted Se atoms on Te sites could affect the band structure of ZrTe2 to induce a distinct transition from semimetal to semiconductor, suggesting their high potential for valleytronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Muhammad
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conservation, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and Department of Material Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Huan Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Shuangming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Zhe Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE) , Shanghai 200050 , China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conservation, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and Department of Material Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
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17
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Abstract
In the past decade, the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light has been a driving force in the design of metamaterials, metasurfaces, and schemes for light-matter interaction. A hallmark of the spin-orbit interaction of light is the spin-based plasmonic effect, converting spin angular momentum of propagating light to near-field orbital angular momentum. Although this effect has been thoroughly investigated in circular symmetry, it has yet to be characterized in a noncircular geometry, where whirling, periodic plasmonic fields are expected. Using phase-resolved near-field microscopy, we experimentally demonstrate the SOI of circularly polarized light in nanostructures possessing dihedral symmetry. We show how interaction with hexagonal slits results in four topologically different plasmonic lattices, controlled by engineered boundary conditions, and reveal a cyclic nature of the spin-based plasmonic effect which does not exist for circular symmetry. Finally, we calculate the optical forces generated by the plasmonic lattices, predicting that light with mere spin angular momentum can exert torque on a multitude of particles in an ordered fashion to form an optical nanomotor array. Our findings may be of use in both biology and chemistry, as a means for simultaneous trapping, manipulation, and excitation of multiple objects, controlled by the polarization of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Tsesses
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical Engineering , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel
| | - Kobi Cohen
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical Engineering , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel
| | - Evgeny Ostrovsky
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical Engineering , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel
| | - Bergin Gjonaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences , Albanian University , Durres St. , Tirana 1000 , Albania
| | - Guy Bartal
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical Engineering , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 3200003 Haifa , Israel
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18
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Krauss E, Razinskas G, Köck D, Grossmann S, Hecht B. Reversible Mapping and Sorting the Spin of Photons on the Nanoscale: A Spin-Optical Nanodevice. Nano Lett 2019; 19:3364-3369. [PMID: 31013109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The photon spin is an important resource for quantum information processing as is the electron spin in spintronics. However, for subwavelength confined optical excitations, polarization as a global property of a mode cannot be defined. Here, we show that any polarization state of a plane-wave photon can reversibly be mapped to a pseudospin embodied by the two fundamental modes of a subwavelength plasmonic two-wire transmission line. We design a device in which this pseudospin evolves in a well-defined fashion throughout the device reminiscent of the evolution of photon polarization in a birefringent medium and the behavior of electron spins in the channel of a spin field-effect transistor. The significance of this pseudospin is enriched by the fact that it is subject to spin-orbit locking. Combined with optically active materials to exert external control over the pseudospin precession, our findings could enable spin-optical transistors, that is, the routing and processing of quantum information with light on a subwavelength scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enno Krauss
- NanoOptics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5 , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Gary Razinskas
- NanoOptics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5 , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Dominik Köck
- NanoOptics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5 , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Swen Grossmann
- NanoOptics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5 , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Bert Hecht
- NanoOptics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5 , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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19
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Thomaschewski M, Yang Y, Wolff C, Roberts AS, Bozhevolnyi SI. On-Chip Detection of Optical Spin-Orbit Interactions in Plasmonic Nanocircuits. Nano Lett 2019; 19:1166-1171. [PMID: 30676020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On-chip manipulating and controlling the temporal and spatial evolution of light are of crucial importance for information processing in future planar integrated nanophotonics. The spin and orbital angular momentum of light, which can be treated independently in classical macroscopic geometrical optics, appear to be coupled on subwavelength scales. We use spin-orbit interactions in a plasmonic achiral nanocoupler to unidirectionally excite surface plasmon polariton modes propagating in seamlessly integrated plasmonic slot waveguides. The spin-dependent flow of light in the proposed nanophotonic circuit allows on-chip electrical detection of the spin state of incident photons by integrating two germanium-based plasmonic-waveguide photodetectors. Consequently, our device serves as a compact (∼6 × 18 μm2) electrical sensor for photonic spin Hall dynamics. The demonstrated configuration opens new avenues for developing highly integrated polarization-controlled optical devices that would exploit the spin-degree of freedom for manipulating and controlling subwavelength optical modes in nanophotonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thomaschewski
- Centre for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Yuanqing Yang
- Centre for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Christian Wolff
- Centre for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Alexander S Roberts
- Centre for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- Centre for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
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20
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Abstract
Low-dimensional narrow band gap III-V compound semiconductors, such as InAs and InSb, have attracted much attention as one of promising platforms for studying Majorana zero modes and non-Abelian statistics relevant for topological quantum computation. So far, most of experimental studies were performed on hybrid devices based on one-dimensional semiconductor nanowires. In order to build complex topological circuits toward scalable quantum computing, exploring high-mobility two-dimensional (2D) III-V compound electron system with strong spin-orbit coupling is highly desirable. Here, we study quantum transport in high-mobility InSb nanosheet grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The observations of Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and quantum Hall states, together with the angular dependence of magnetotransport measurements, provide the evidence for the 2D nature of electronic states in InSb nanosheet. The presence of strong spin-orbit coupling in the InSb nanosheet is verified by the low-field magnetotransport measurements, characterized by weak antilocalization effect. Finally, we demonstrate the realization of high-quality InSb nanosheet-superconductor junctions with transparent interface. Our results not only advance the study of 2D quantum transport but also open up opportunities for developing hybrid topological devices based on 2D semiconducting nanosheets with strong spin-orbit coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Dingxun Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jinhua Zhi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Dong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Sen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jingkun Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Hongqi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Division of Solid State Physics , Lund University , Box 118, S-22100 Lund , Sweden
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21
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Sun J, Deacon RS, Wang R, Yao J, Lieber CM, Ishibashi K. Helical Hole State in Multiple Conduction Modes in Ge/Si Core/Shell Nanowire. Nano Lett 2018; 18:6144-6149. [PMID: 30226052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Helical states, a prerequisite for the engineering of Majorana zero modes in solid-state systems, have recently been reported in the conduction band of III-V nanowires (NWs) subject to strong Rashba spin-orbit interaction. We report the observation of re-entrant conductance features consistent with the presence of helical hole states in multiple conduction modes of a Ge/Si core/shell NW. The Ge/Si system has several potential advantages over electron systems such as longer spin coherence time due to weaker coupling to nuclear spins and the possibility of isotope-purified materials for nuclear spin-free devices. We derive the Landé g factor of 3.6 from magneto-transport measurements, comparable to theoretical predictions and significantly larger when compared with that in strongly confined quantum dots. The spin-orbit energy is evaluated as ∼2.1 meV, on par with values in III-V NWs, showing good agreement with previous theoretical predictions and weak antilocalization measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Advanced Device Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- School of Physical Science and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Russell S Deacon
- Advanced Device Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science , RIKEN , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Rui Wang
- Advanced Device Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Jun Yao
- Deparment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Applied Life Sciences , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Deparment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Koji Ishibashi
- Advanced Device Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science , RIKEN , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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22
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Wang JY, Huang GY, Huang S, Xue J, Pan D, Zhao J, Xu H. Anisotropic Pauli Spin-Blockade Effect and Spin-Orbit Interaction Field in an InAs Nanowire Double Quantum Dot. Nano Lett 2018; 18:4741-4747. [PMID: 29987931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on experimental detection of the spin-orbit interaction field in an InAs nanowire double quantum dot device. In the spin blockade regime, leakage current through the double quantum dot is measured and is used to extract the effects of spin-orbit interaction and hyperfine interaction on spin state mixing. At finite magnetic fields, the leakage current arising from the hyperfine interaction can be suppressed, and the spin-orbit interaction dominates spin state mixing. We observe dependence of the leakage current on the applied magnetic field direction and determine the direction of the spin-orbit interaction field. We show that the spin-orbit field lies in a direction perpendicular to the nanowire axis but with a pronounced off-substrate-plane angle. The results are expected to have an important implication in employing InAs nanowires to construct spin-orbit qubits and topological quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Guang-Yao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shaoyun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jianhong Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Dong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Hongqi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Division of Solid State Physics , Lund University , Box 118, S-22100 Lund , Sweden
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23
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Abstract
Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) that is gate-tunable over a broad range is essential to exploiting novel spin phenomena. Achieving this regime has remained elusive because of the weakness of the underlying relativistic coupling and lack of its tunability in solids. Here we outline a general strategy that enables exceptionally high tunability of SOI through creating a which-layer spin-orbit field inhomogeneity in graphene multilayers. An external transverse electric field is applied to shift carriers between the layers with strong and weak SOI. Because graphene layers are separated by subnanometer scales, exceptionally high tunability of SOI can be achieved through a minute carrier displacement. A detailed analysis of the experimentally relevant case of bilayer graphene on a semiconducting transition metal dichalchogenide substrate is presented. In this system, a complete tunability of SOI amounting to its ON/OFF switching can be achieved. New opportunities for spin control are exemplified with electrically driven spin resonance and topological phases with different quantized intrinsic valley Hall conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Khoo
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alberto F Morpurgo
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics (DQMP) and Group of Applied Physics (GAP), University of Geneva , 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Levitov
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Espinosa-Soria A, Rodríguez-Fortuño FJ, Griol A, Martínez A. On-Chip Optimal Stokes Nanopolarimetry Based on Spin-Orbit Interaction of Light. Nano Lett 2017; 17:3139-3144. [PMID: 28388061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Full measurement of the polarization of light at the nanoscale is expected to be crucial in many scientific and technological disciplines. Ideally, such measurements will require miniaturized Stokes polarimeters able to determine polarization nondestructively, locally, and in real time. For maximum robustness in measurement, the polarimeters should also operate optimally. Recent approaches making use of plasmonic nanostructures or metasurfaces are not able to fulfill all these requirements simultaneously. Here, we propose and demonstrate a method for subwavelength-footprint Stokes nanopolarimetry based on spin-orbit interaction of light. The method, which basically consists on a subwavelength scatterer coupled to a (set of) multimode waveguide(s), can fully determine the state of polarization satisfying all the previous features. Remarkably, the nanopolarimetry technique can operate optimally (we design a nanopolarimeter whose polarization basis spans 99.7% of the maximum tetrahedron volume inside the Poincaré sphere) over a broad bandwidth. Although here experimentally demonstrated on a silicon chip at telecom wavelengths, spin-orbit interaction-based nanopolarimetry is a universal concept to be applied in any wavelength regime or technological platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Espinosa-Soria
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia 46022, Spain
| | | | - Amadeu Griol
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia 46022, Spain
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25
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Zhang E, Chen R, Huang C, Yu J, Zhang K, Wang W, Liu S, Ling J, Wan X, Lu HZ, Xiu F. Tunable Positive to Negative Magnetoresistance in Atomically Thin WTe 2. Nano Lett 2017; 17:878-885. [PMID: 28033014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transitional metal ditelluride WTe2 has been extensively studied owing to its intriguing physical properties like nonsaturating positive magnetoresistance and being possibly a type-II Weyl semimetal. While surging research activities were devoted to the understanding of its bulk properties, it remains a substantial challenge to explore the pristine physics in atomically thin WTe2. Here, we report a successful synthesis of mono- to few-layer WTe2 via chemical vapor deposition. Using atomically thin WTe2 nanosheets, we discover a previously inaccessible ambipolar behavior that enables the tunability of magnetoconductance of few-layer WTe2 from weak antilocalization to weak localization, revealing a strong electrical field modulation of the spin-orbit interaction under perpendicular magnetic field. These appealing physical properties unveiled in this study clearly identify WTe2 as a promising platform for exotic electronic and spintronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ce Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jihai Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiwei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiangang Wan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Lu
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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26
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Pang B, Zhang L, Chen YB, Zhou J, Yao S, Zhang S, Chen Y. Spin-Glass-Like Behavior and Topological Hall Effect in SrRuO 3/SrIrO 3 Superlattices for Oxide Spintronics Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:3201-3207. [PMID: 28059493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The heterostructure interface provides a powerful platform for exploring rich emergent phenomena, such as interfacial superconductivity and nontrivial topological surface states. Here, SrRuO3/SrIrO3 superlattices were epitaxially synthesized. The magnetic and magneto-transport properties of these superlattices were characterized. A broad cusp-type splitting in the zero-field-cooling/field-cooling temperature-dependent magnetization and magnetization relaxation, which follows the modified stretched function model, accompanied by double hysteresis magnetization loops were demonstrated. These physical effects were modulated by the SrIrO3 layer thickness, which confirms the coexistence of interfacial spin glass and ferromagnetic ordering in the superlattices. In addition, the topological Hall effect was observed at low temperatures, and it is weakened with the increase of the SrIrO3 layer thickness. These results suggest that a noncoplanar spin texture is generated at the SrRuO3/SrIrO3 interfaces because of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This work demonstrates that SrIrO3 can effectively induce interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in superlattices, which would serve as a mechanism to develop spintronic devices with perovskite oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lunyong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- Max Planck POSTECH Center for Complex Phase Materials, Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative (MPK) , Gyeongbuk 376-73, Korea
| | - Y B Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Physics, Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuhua Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shantao Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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27
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Abstract
In this work, we study hole transport in a planar silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor based double quantum dot. We demonstrate Pauli spin blockade in the few hole regime and map the spin relaxation induced leakage current as a function of interdot level spacing and magnetic field. With varied interdot tunnel coupling, we can identify different dominant spin relaxation mechanisms. Application of a strong out-of-plane magnetic field causes an avoided singlet-triplet level crossing, from which the heavy hole g-factor ~0.93 and the strength of spin-orbit interaction ~110 μeV can be obtained. The demonstrated strong spin-orbit interaction of heavy holes promises fast local spin manipulation using only electric fields, which is of great interest for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- School of Physics, ‡Australian National Fabrication Facility, and §Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Fay E Hudson
- School of Physics, ‡Australian National Fabrication Facility, and §Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew S Dzurak
- School of Physics, ‡Australian National Fabrication Facility, and §Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander R Hamilton
- School of Physics, ‡Australian National Fabrication Facility, and §Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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28
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Edmonds MT, Willems van Beveren LH, Klochan O, Cervenka J, Ganesan K, Prawer S, Ley L, Hamilton AR, Pakes CI. Spin-orbit interaction in a two-dimensional hole gas at the surface of hydrogenated diamond. Nano Lett 2015; 15:16-20. [PMID: 25486108 DOI: 10.1021/nl502081y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenated diamond possesses a unique surface conductivity as a result of transfer doping by surface acceptors. Yet, despite being extensively studied for the past two decades, little is known about the system at low temperature, particularly whether a two-dimensional hole gas forms at the diamond surface. Here we report that (100) diamond, when functionalized with hydrogen, supports a p-type spin-3/2 two-dimensional surface conductivity with a spin-orbit interaction of 9.74 ± 0.1 meV through the observation of weak antilocalization effects in magneto-conductivity measurements at low temperature. Fits to 2D localization theory yield a spin relaxation length of 30 ± 1 nm and a spin-relaxation time of ∼ 0.67 ± 0.02 ps. The existence of a 2D system with spin orbit coupling at the surface of a wide band gap insulating material has great potential for future applications in ferromagnet-semiconductor and superconductor-semiconductor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Edmonds
- Department of Physics, La Trobe University , Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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