101
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Zhou X, Ma G, Zhao H, Cui J. Self-Forming Interlocking Interfaces on the Immiscible Polymer Bilayers via Gelation-Mediated Phase Separation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28691381 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gelation-mediated phase separation is applied to prepare immiscible polymer bilayer films with an interlocking interface structure. Polymer systems consisting of copolymer of urea and polydimethylsiloxane and epoxy are selected to demonstrate the feasibility. When the epoxy fraction exceeds 25 wt%, well-defined bilayer structures self-form by a one-pot casting method in which the phase separation state is fixed by an evaporation-induced gelation. Microscopy studies of the resulting bilayers clearly reveal that interlocking structures form during the bilayer films construct. The interlocking structures lead to an enhanced interfacial adhesion and higher fracture energy. The current strategy might offer a facile way to in situ create an interlocking interface between immiscible polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuang Zhou
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Huaixia Zhao
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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102
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Shen J, Fujita K, Matsumoto T, Hongo C, Misaki M, Ishida K, Mori A, Nishino T. Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Flexible Polythiophene with Disiloxane Side Chains. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chizuru Hongo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Masahiro Misaki
- Department of Comprehensive Engineering Electrical and Electronic; Kindai University Technical College; 7-1, Kasugaoka Nabari Mie 518-0459 Japan
| | - Kenji Ishida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko Nada, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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103
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Ibru T, Kalaitzidou K, Baldwin JK, Antoniou A. Stress-induced surface instabilities and defects in thin films sputter deposited on compliant substrates. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4035-4046. [PMID: 28517009 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Existing analyses predict that thin metal films deposited on compliant substrates are subject to a variety of surface instabilities, such as wrinkles, folds, creases, etc., that become more prominent with increased compressive residual stress. Under compressive stress, cracks have been assumed to form only when the interfacial strength is weak, allowing the film to detach from the substrate. In this work, we demonstrate that cracks also form on surfaces under compressive mismatch strain when the interface is strong. In particular, we consider metal alloy films sputter deposited under bias on elastomers with different thicknesses, curing temperatures or surface treatments. The deposition parameters created residual compressive strains and strong adhesion in the bilayers. Samples without surface treatment formed wrinkles and through-thickness cracks at 0.25-0.4% mismatch strains. Only through-thickness cracks were observed in UV treated samples. The crack spacing was found to decrease by a factor of 4 when the surface was UV treated and by a factor of 3 as the elastomer thickness decreased from 30 to 6 μm. Cracks penetrated through the elastomer, 15-30 times deeper than the film thickness, and formed in all samples with a brittle coating. A numerical model was developed to explain the formation of through-thickness cracks and wrinkles under applied compressive mismatch strains. The model suggests that cracks can initiate from the peak of wrinkles when the critical fracture strength of the coating is exceeded. For the UV treated samples, through-thickness cracks are possibly impacted by the formation of an embrittled near surface PDMS layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ibru
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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104
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Abdullayeva N, Sankir M. Influence of Electrical and Ionic Conductivities of Organic Electronic Ion Pump on Acetylcholine Exchange Performance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E586. [PMID: 28772946 PMCID: PMC5552179 DOI: 10.3390/ma10060586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By using an easy and effective method of depositing conjugated polymers (PEDOT:PSS) on flexible substrates, a new design for organic bioelectronic devices has been developed. The purpose was to build up a system that mimics the motion of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft by obtaining an electrical to chemical signal transport. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman measurements have demonstrated that electrochemical overoxidation region which separates the pristine PEDOT:PSS electrodes and allows ionic conduction has been achieved successfully. The influence of both electrical and ionic conductivities on organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) performances has been studied. The ultimate goal was to achieve the highest equilibrium current density at the lowest applied voltage via enhancing the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS and ionic conductivity of electrochemically overoxidized region. The highest equilibrium current density, which corresponds to 4.81 × 1017 number of ions of acetylcholine was about 41 μA cm-2 observed for the OEIP with the electrical conductivities of 54 S cm-1. This was a threshold electrical conductivity beyond which the OEIP performances were not changed much. Once Nafion™ has been applied for enhancing the ionic conductivity, the equilibrium current density increased about ten times and reached up to 408 μA cm-2. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that the OEIP performance mainly scales with the ionic conductivity. A straightforward method of producing organic bioelectronics is proposed here may provide a clue for their effortless mass production in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrin Abdullayeva
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Tobb University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu C. No. 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Sankir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Tobb University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu C. No. 43 Sogutozu 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
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105
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Abstract
Electroactive polymer actuators such as polypyrrole (PPy) are exciting candidates to drive autonomous devices that require low weight and low power. A simple PPy tri-layer bending type cantilever which operates in the air has been demonstrated previously, but the environmental effect on this actuator is still unknown. The major obstacle in the development of the PPy tri-layer actuator is to create proper packaging that reduces oxidation of the electrolyte and maintains constant displacement. Here, we report the variation in the displacement as well as the charge transfer at the different environmental condition. PPy trilayer actuators were fabricated by depositing polypyrrole on gold-coated porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) using the electro-synthesis method. It has been demonstrated that the charge transfer of tri-layer actuators is more in an inert environment than in open air. In addition, tri-layer actuators show constant deflection and enhancement of life due to the negligible oxidation rate of the electrolyte in an inert environment.
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106
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Conducting polymers revisited: applications in energy, electrochromism and molecular recognition. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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107
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Air-operating polypyrrole actuators based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes filled with poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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108
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Otero TF. Reactions driving conformational movements (molecular motors) in gels: conformational and structural chemical kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1718-1730. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ea,k,αandβfrom reactions driving molecular polymeric motors constituting dense gels include quantitative conformational and structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toribio F. Otero
- Centre for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials (CEMI)
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Aulario II
- Cartagena
- Spain
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109
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Gao L, Guo G, Liu M, Tang Z, Xie L, Huo Y. Multi-responsive, bidirectional, and large deformation bending actuators based on borax cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol derivative hydrogel. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Alky-substituted carbamate-modified PVA as a layer material to enable multi-responsive, bidirectional and large deformation actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Guoqiang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Mengjuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zeguo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Liangxu Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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110
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Maziz A, Concas A, Khaldi A, Stålhand J, Persson NK, Jager EWH. Knitting and weaving artificial muscles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1600327. [PMID: 28138542 PMCID: PMC5266480 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A need exists for artificial muscles that are silent, soft, and compliant, with performance characteristics similar to those of skeletal muscle, enabling natural interaction of assistive devices with humans. By combining one of humankind's oldest technologies, textile processing, with electroactive polymers, we demonstrate here the feasibility of wearable, soft artificial muscles made by weaving and knitting, with tunable force and strain. These textile actuators were produced from cellulose yarns assembled into fabrics and coated with conducting polymers using a metal-free deposition. To increase the output force, we assembled yarns in parallel by weaving. The force scaled linearly with the number of yarns in the woven fabric. To amplify the strain, we knitted a stretchable fabric, exhibiting a 53-fold increase in strain. In addition, the textile construction added mechanical stability to the actuators. Textile processing permits scalable and rational production of wearable artificial muscles, and enables novel ways to design assistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maziz
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Concas
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Khaldi
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Stålhand
- Department of Management and Engineering (IEI), Solid Mechanics, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nils-Krister Persson
- Swedish School of Textiles (THS), Smart Textiles, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Edwin W. H. Jager
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
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111
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Apparent Power Law Scaling of Variable Range Hopping Conduction in Carbonized Polymer Nanofibers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37783. [PMID: 27886233 PMCID: PMC5122886 DOI: 10.1038/srep37783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We induce dramatic changes in the structure of conducting polymer nanofibers by carbonization at 800 °C and compare charge transport properties between carbonized and pristine nanofibers. Despite the profound structural differences, both types of systems display power law dependence of current with voltage and temperature, and all measurements can be scaled into a single universal curve. We analyze our experimental data in the framework of variable range hopping and argue that this mechanism can explain transport properties of pristine polymer nanofibers as well.
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112
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Boudot M, Elettro H, Grosso D. Converting Water Adsorption and Capillary Condensation in Usable Forces with Simple Porous Inorganic Thin Films. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10031-10040. [PMID: 27792305 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work reports an innovative humidity-driven actuation concept based on conversion of chemical energy of adsorption/desorption using simple nanoporous sol-gel silica thin films as humidity-responsive materials. Bilayer-shaped actuators, consisting of a humidity-sensitive active nanostructured silica film deposited on a polymeric substrate (Kapton), were demonstrated as an original mean to convert water molecule adsorption and capillary condensation in usable mechanical work. Reversible solvation stress changes in silica micropores by water adsorption and energy produced by the rigid silica film contraction, induced by water capillary condensation in mesopores, were finely controlled and used as energy sources. The influence of the film nanostructure (microporosity, mesoporosity) and thickness and the polymeric substrate thickness on actuation force, on movement speed and on displacement amplitude are clearly evidenced and discussed. We show that the global mechanical response of such silica-based actuators can easily be adjusted to fabricate tailor-made actuation systems triggered by humidity variation. This study provides insight into hard ceramic stimulus-responsive materials that seem to be a promising alternative to traditional soft organic materials for surface-chemistry-driven actuation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Grosso
- NSE-IM2NP-UMR CNRS 7334, Faculté des Sciences de Saint Jérôme, Aix-Marseille Université , Case 142, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
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113
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Sen S, Palmore GTR. Stimuli-Responsive Macromolecular Composites: Enhanced Stress Modulation in Polypyrrole with Redox-Active Dopants. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - G. T. R. Palmore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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114
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Xia Y, Cedillo-Servin G, Kamien RD, Yang S. Guided Folding of Nematic Liquid Crystal Elastomer Sheets into 3D via Patterned 1D Microchannels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9637-9643. [PMID: 27717070 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional liquid-crystal elastomer (LCE) sheets with preprogrammed topological defects are prepared by aligning liquid-crystal monomers within micropatterned epoxy channels, followed by photopolymerization. Upon heating, the LCE films form various three-dimensional structures in agreement with theoretical design. The miniaturized LCE actuators offer large-area work capacities (≈1.05 J m-2 ) to lift over 700 times their own weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gerardo Cedillo-Servin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Randall D Kamien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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115
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Sun B, Wu T, Wang J, Li D, Wang J, Gao Q, Bhutto MA, El-Hamshary H, Al-Deyab SS, Mo X. Polypyrrole-coated poly(l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone)/silk fibroin nanofibrous membranes promoting neural cell proliferation and differentiation with electrical stimulation. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6670-6679. [PMID: 32263522 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01710j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (Ppy), as a conductive polymer, is commonly used for nerve tissue engineering because of its good conductivity and non-cytotoxicity. To avoid the inconvenience of Ppy processing, it was coated on electrospun poly(l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone)/silk fibroin (PLCL/SF) nanofibers via the in situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomers in this study. Ppy-coated PLCL/SF membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results confirmed the disposition of Ppy on the PLCL/SF nanofibers, and the nanofibers kept their nanofibrous morphology and thermal stability, in comparison to the untreated ones. The conductivities and water contact angles were evaluated as well, and indicated that the conductivity and hydrophilicity of Ppy-coated nanofibers were increased. Furthermore, this study showed that electrical stimulation (ES) promoted PC12 cell differentiation and axonal extension on Ppy-coated nanofibers. The MTT assay suggested that both Ppy and ES could promote Schwann cell (SC) proliferation. Immunofluorescence staining and real time-qPCR (RT-qPCR) testing demonstrated that ES could induce PC12 cell differentiation even without nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment, and moreover, Ppy coating increased the inducing effects on PC12 cell differentiation. The overall results indicated the promising potential of Ppy-coated PLCL/SF nanofibrous membranes for peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Sun
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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116
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Chang TM, Xantheas SS, Vasdekis AE. Mesoscale Polymer Dissolution Probed by Raman Spectroscopy and Molecular Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10581-10587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsun-Mei Chang
- University of Wisconsin—Parkside, P.O. Box
2000, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, United States
| | - Sotiris S. Xantheas
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andreas E. Vasdekis
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
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117
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Sen S, Kim SY, Palmore LR, Jin S, Jadhav N, Chason E, Palmore GTR. In Situ Measurement of Voltage-Induced Stress in Conducting Polymers with Redox-Active Dopants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24168-24176. [PMID: 27579593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Minimization of stress-induced mechanical rupture and delamination of conducting polymer (CP) films is desirable to prevent failure of devices based on these materials. Thus, precise in situ measurement of voltage-induced stress within these films should provide insight into the cause of these failure mechanisms. The evolution of stress in films of polypyrrole (pPy), doped with indigo carmine (IC), was measured in different electrochemical environments using the multibeam optical stress sensor (MOSS) technique. The stress in these films gradually increases to a constant value during voltage cycling, revealing an initial break-in period for CP films. The nature of the ions involved in charge compensation of pPy[IC] during voltage cycling was determined from electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) data. The magnitude of the voltage-induced stress within pPy[IC] at neutral pH correlated with the radius of the hydrated mobile ion in the order Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+). At acidic pH, the IC dopant in pPy[IC] undergoes reversible oxidation and reduction within the range of potentials investigated, providing a secondary contribution to the observed voltage-induced stress. We report on the novel stress response of these polymers due to the presence of pH-dependent redox-active dopants and how it can affect material performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujat Sen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Sung Yeol Kim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lia R Palmore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Shenghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Nitin Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Eric Chason
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - G Tayhas R Palmore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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118
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Wu JG, Lee CY, Wu SS, Luo SC. Ionic Liquid-Assisted Electropolymerization for Lithographical Perfluorocarbon Deposition and Hydrophobic Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22688-22695. [PMID: 27509480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel approach for hydrophobic patterning: combining the photolithography technique with ionic-liquid (IL)-based electropolymerization to fabricate a hydrophobic pattern. Perfluoro-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-F) dispersed in ILs was directly electropolymerized on substrates, which were patterned in advance with positive photoresists. The positive photoresists did not dissolve in ionic liquids during the electropolymerization process, and the poly(EDOT-F) film created hydrophobic domains, which resulted in hydrophobic patterning. This approach provides desired patterns with a lateral resolution consistent with the mask for photolithography. Two kinds of modified indium-tin-oxide-coated glass (ITO-glass) substrates were used to demonstrate the feasibility of process for creating a hydrophobic pattern: ITO-glass substrates coated with nanostructured PEDOT, and the same substrates coated with Au nanoparticles. By confining water droplets on these two patterned substrates to form droplet arrays, we demonstrated two potential applications: multiple droplet-type electrochemical cells and surface-enhanced Raman scattering platforms. In addition, we also applied this approach to create hydrophobic patterning on ITO-coated polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) substrates. The droplet arrays remained well-organized on the ITO-PET substrates even when the substrates were bent. Our work successfully introduced ILs into the photolithography process, implying great potential for these green solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Shuo Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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119
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Karlsson C, Nicholas J, Evans D, Forsyth M, Strømme M, Sjödin M, Howlett PC, Pozo-Gonzalo C. Stable Deep Doping of Vapor-Phase Polymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Ionic Liquid Supercapacitors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2112-2121. [PMID: 27325487 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-solution polymerization and vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) have been used to manufacture a series of chloride- and tosylate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) carbon paper electrodes. The electrochemistry, specific capacitance, and specific charge were determined for single electrodes in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (emim dca) ionic liquid electrolyte. VPP-PEDOT exhibits outstanding properties with a specific capacitance higher than 300 F g(-1) , the highest value reported for a PEDOT-based conducting polymer, and doping levels as high as 0.7 charges per monomer were achieved. Furthermore, symmetric PEDOT supercapacitor cells with the emim dca electrolyte exhibited a high specific capacitance (76.4 F g(-1) ) and high specific energy (19.8 Wh kg(-1) ). A Ragone plot shows that the VPP-PEDOT cells combine the high specific power of conventional ("pure") capacitors with the high specific energy of batteries, a highly sought-after target for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Karlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - James Nicholas
- Thin Film Coatings Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Drew Evans
- Thin Film Coatings Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Sjödin
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Australia.
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Amiri Moghadam AA, Torabi K, Kaynak A, Zainal Alam MNH, Kouzani A, Mosadegh B. Control-Oriented Modeling of a Polymeric Soft Robot. Soft Robot 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ali Amiri Moghadam
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine & New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Keivan Torabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Akif Kaynak
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muhd Nazrul Hisham Zainal Alam
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Abbas Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine & New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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122
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Northcutt RG, Sundaresan VB. Mechanoelectrochemistry of PPy(DBS) from correlated characterization of electrochemical response and extensional strain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:32268-75. [PMID: 26583690 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04945h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates nanostructured morphology-dependent charge storage and coupled mechanical strain of polypyrrole membranes doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PPy(DBS)). Nanoscale features introduced in PPy(DBS) using phospholipid vesicles as soft-templates create a uniform and long-range order to the polymer morphology, and lead to higher specific capacitance. It is widely stated that nanostructured architecture offer reduced mechanical loading at higher charge capacities, but metrics and methods to precisely quantify coupled localized strains do not exist. Towards this goal, we demonstrate the use of scanning electrochemical microscope with shear force imaging hardware (SECM-SF) to precisely measure charge storage function and volumetric strain simultaneously, and define two metrics--filling efficiency and chemomechanical coupling coefficient to compare nanostructured morphologies and thicknesses. For thin membranes (smaller charge densities), planar and vesicle-templated membranes have comparable mechanoelectrochemical response. For thick membranes (0.4 to 0.8 C cm(-2)), a 15% increase in charge storage is associated with 50% reduction in extensional strain. These results allow for the formulation of rules to design nanostructured PPy(DBS)-based actuators and energy storage devices.
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123
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Wang DH, McKenzie RN, Buskohl PR, Vaia RA, Tan LS. Hygromorphic Polymers: Synthesis, Retro-Michael Reaction, and Humidity-Driven Actuation of Ester–Sulfonyl Polyimides and Thermally Derived Copolyimides. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Wang
- Functional Materials Division AFRL/RXA, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Ruel N. McKenzie
- Functional Materials Division AFRL/RXA, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Philip R. Buskohl
- Functional Materials Division AFRL/RXA, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Functional Materials Division AFRL/RXA, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Functional Materials Division AFRL/RXA, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
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124
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Maziz A, Plesse C, Soyer C, Cattan E, Vidal F. Top-down Approach for the Direct Synthesis, Patterning, and Operation of Artificial Micromuscles on Flexible Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1559-64. [PMID: 26709595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the field of microsystems on flexible substrates raises the need for alternatives to the stiffness of classical actuation technologies. This paper reports a top-down process to microfabricate soft conducting polymer actuators on substrates on which they ultimately operate. The bending microactuators were fabricated by sequentially stacking layers using a layer polymerization by layer polymerization of conducting polymer electrodes and a solid polymer electrolyte. Standalone microbeams thinner than 10 μm were fabricated on SU-8 substrates associated with a bottom gold electrical contact. The operation of microactuators was demonstrated in air and at low voltage (±4 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maziz
- LPPI, EA2528, Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, F-95031 Cergy Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Plesse
- LPPI, EA2528, Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, F-95031 Cergy Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Soyer
- IEMN, UMR-8520, Université de Valenciennes , Le Mont Houy F-59313 Valenciennes cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Cattan
- IEMN, UMR-8520, Université de Valenciennes , Le Mont Houy F-59313 Valenciennes cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Vidal
- LPPI, EA2528, Institut des Matériaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise , 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, F-95031 Cergy Cedex, France
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125
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Label-free impedimetric biosensor for Salmonella Typhimurium detection based on poly [pyrrole-co-3-carboxyl-pyrrole] copolymer supported aptamer. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:194-200. [PMID: 26836649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium, Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a food borne pathogen responsible for numerous hospitalisations and deaths all over the world. Conventional detection methods for pathogens are time consuming and labour-intensive. Hence, there is considerable interest in faster and simpler detection methods. Polypyrrole-based polymers, due to their intrinsic chemical and electrical properties, have been demonstrated to be valuable candidates for the fabrication of chemo/biosensors and functional surfaces. Similarly aptamers have been shown to be good alternatives to antibodies in the development of affinity biosensors. In this study, we report on the combination of poly [pyrrole-co-3-carboxyl-pyrrole] copolymer and aptamer for the development of a label-less electrochemical biosensor suitable for the detection of S. Typhimurium. Impedimetric measurements were facilitated by the effect of the aptamer/target interaction on the intrinsic conjugation of the poly [pyrrole-co-3-carboxyl-pyrrole] copolymer and subsequently on its electrical properties. The aptasensor detected S. Typhimurium in the concentration range 10(2)-10(8) CFU mL(-1) with high selectivity over other model pathogens and with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 100 CFU mL(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 CFU mL(-1). The suitability of the aptasensor for real sample detection was demonstrated via recovery studies performed in spiked apple juice samples. We envisage this to be a viable approach for the inexpensive and rapid detection of pathogens in food, and possibly in other environmental samples.
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126
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Madsen FB, Daugaard AE, Hvilsted S, Skov AL. The Current State of Silicone-Based Dielectric Elastomer Transducers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:378-413. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke B. Madsen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Søltofts Plads, building 227 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Anders E. Daugaard
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Søltofts Plads, building 227 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Søren Hvilsted
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Søltofts Plads, building 227 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Anne L. Skov
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Søltofts Plads, building 227 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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127
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Egunov AI, Korvink JG, Luchnikov VA. Polydimethylsiloxane bilayer films with an embedded spontaneous curvature. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:45-52. [PMID: 26539638 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01139f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with embedded in-plane gradient stress are created by making PDMS/(PDMS + silicone oil) crosslinked bilayers and extracting the oil in a suitable organic solvent bath. The collapse of the elastomer after oil extraction generates differential stress in the films that is manifested through their out-of-plane deformation. The curvature κ of narrow stripes of the bilayer, which is composed of layers of approximately equal thicknesses and elasticity moduli, is satisfactorily described by the simple relationship κ = 1.5δH(-1), where δ is the mechanical strain, and H is the total thickness of the bilayer. Curvature mapping of triangular PDMS plates reveals the existence of spherical and cylindrical types of deformation at different locations of the plates. Various 3D-shaped objects can be formed by the self-folding of appropriately designed 2D patterns that are cut from the films, or by nonuniform distribution of the collapsing layer. Thin PDMS bilayers with embedded stress roll up into microtubes of almost perfect cylindrical shape when released in a controlled manner from a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Egunov
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France.
| | - J G Korvink
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - V A Luchnikov
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France.
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128
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Otero TF, Schumacher J, Pascual VH. Construction and coulodynamic characterization of PPy-DBS-MWCNT/tape bilayer artificial muscles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13806c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bilayer full polymeric artificial muscle comprised of electrogenerated PPy-DBS-MWCNT composite and tape was constructed and electrochemical and electrodynamical characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toribio F. Otero
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials
- Technical University of Cartagena
- Cartagena
- Spain
| | | | - Victor H. Pascual
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials
- Technical University of Cartagena
- Cartagena
- Spain
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129
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Martinez JG, Otero TF, Jager EWH. Electrochemo-dynamical characterization of polypyrrole actuators coated on gold electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:827-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05841d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parallel reactions may have an important effect on conducting polymer actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Martinez
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
- ETSII
- Center for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials (CEMI)
- 30203 Cartagena
- Spain
| | - T. F. Otero
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
- ETSII
- Center for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials (CEMI)
- 30203 Cartagena
- Spain
| | - E. W. H. Jager
- Linköping University
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
- 58183 Linköping
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130
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Aydemir N, Malmström J, Travas-Sejdic J. Conducting polymer based electrochemical biosensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8264-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06830d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP)-based electrochemical biosensors have gained great attention as such biosensor platforms are easy and cost-effective to fabricate, and provide a direct electrical readout of the presence of biological analytes with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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131
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Kivilo A, Zondaka Z, Kesküla A, Rasti P, Tamm T, Kiefer R. Electro-chemo-mechanical deformation properties of polypyrrole/dodecylbenzenesulfate linear actuators in aqueous and organic electrolyte. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20766a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immobilization of dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS−) in polypyrrole (PPy) during electropolymerization is typically expected to lead to cation-driven activity. Here we demonstrate that the actuation direction changed by using same electrolyte but different solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kivilo
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab
- Institute of Technology
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Z. Zondaka
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab
- Institute of Technology
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - A. Kesküla
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab
- Institute of Technology
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - P. Rasti
- iCV Research Group
- Institute of Technology
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - T. Tamm
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab
- Institute of Technology
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - R. Kiefer
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab
- Institute of Technology
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
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132
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Karatepe Ö, Yıldız Y, Pamuk H, Eris S, Dasdelen Z, Sen F. Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability of highly monodisperse Pt@PPy–PANI nanocomposites as a novel catalyst for the electro-oxidation of methanol. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly monodisperse Pt NPs@PPy–PANI exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity and stability toward electro-oxidation of methanol as a new electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Karatepe
- Sen Research Group
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Dumlupınar University
- 43100 Kütahya
| | - Yunus Yıldız
- Sen Research Group
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Dumlupınar University
- 43100 Kütahya
| | - Handan Pamuk
- Sen Research Group
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Dumlupınar University
- 43100 Kütahya
| | - Sinan Eris
- Sen Research Group
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Dumlupınar University
- 43100 Kütahya
| | - Zeynep Dasdelen
- Sen Research Group
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Dumlupınar University
- 43100 Kütahya
| | - Fatih Sen
- Sen Research Group
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Dumlupınar University
- 43100 Kütahya
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133
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Green R, Abidian MR. Conducting Polymers for Neural Prosthetic and Neural Interface Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7620-37. [PMID: 26414302 PMCID: PMC4681501 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Neural-interfacing devices are an artificial mechanism for restoring or supplementing the function of the nervous system, lost as a result of injury or disease. Conducting polymers (CPs) are gaining significant attention due to their capacity to meet the performance criteria of a number of neuronal therapies including recording and stimulating neural activity, the regeneration of neural tissue and the delivery of bioactive molecules for mediating device-tissue interactions. CPs form a flexible platform technology that enables the development of tailored materials for a range of neuronal diagnostic and treatment therapies. In this review, the application of CPs for neural prostheses and other neural interfacing devices is discussed, with a specific focus on neural recording, neural stimulation, neural regeneration, and therapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylie Green
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Department, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (USA)
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134
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Park S, Kang YJ, Majd S. A Review of Patterned Organic Bioelectronic Materials and their Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7583-7619. [PMID: 26397962 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronic materials are rapidly emerging as superior replacements for a number of conventional electronic materials, such as metals and semiconductors. Conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, organic light-emitting diodes, and diamond films fabricated via chemical vapor deposition are the most popular organic bioelectronic materials that are currently under active research and development. Besides the capability to translate biological signals to electrical signals or vice versa, organic bioelectronic materials entail greater biocompatibility and biodegradability compared to conventional electronic materials, which makes them more suitable for biomedical applications. When patterned, these materials bring about numerous capabilities to perform various tasks in a more-sophisticated and high-throughput manner. Here, we provide an overview of the unique properties of organic bioelectronic materials, different strategies applied to pattern these materials, and finally their applications in the field of biomedical engineering, particularly biosensing, cell and tissue engineering, actuators, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- SooHyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - You Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sheereen Majd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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135
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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136
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Electrochemical template synthesis of adherent polyaniline thin films with tubular structure. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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137
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Li B, Du T, Yu B, van der Gucht J, Zhou F. Caterpillar-Inspired Design and Fabrication of A Self-Walking Actuator with Anisotropy, Gradient, and Instant Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3494-3501. [PMID: 25787120 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A caterpillar-mimetic bilayer actuator is reported, based on a wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane elastomer decorated with a hydroresponsive polyelectrolyte brush. The actuator can fold ultrafast into complex three-dimensional structures upon a change in relative humidity of the surrounding air. The folding direction is determined by the geometry of the actuator, the orientation of the wrinkles, and the gradient in polymer height on the surface. And some unique structures such as helicoid and gradient can be obtained that are seldom reported in the case of bilayered devices. The adaptive bending movement is very fast, anisotropic, highly efficient, and reversible. When the environmental humidity is repeatedly cycled up and down, the small device walks on a surface with a roughness gradient, which is reminiscent of the muscle-like movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703, HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road, 730000, Lanzhou, China
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138
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Zhao Q, Heyda J, Dzubiella J, Täuber K, Dunlop JWC, Yuan J. Sensing Solvents with Ultrasensitive Porous Poly(ionic liquid) Actuators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2913-2917. [PMID: 25828569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
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139
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Ionov L. Polymeric actuators. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5015-24. [PMID: 25386998 DOI: 10.1021/la503407z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Actuators are materials and devices that are able to change their shape in response to changes in environmental conditions and perform mechanical work on nano-, micro-, and macroscales. Among the huge variety of different actuators, polymer-based ones are highly attractive because of a number of properties such as sensitivity to a broad range of stimuli and good mechanical properties. The goal of this review is to provide a general picture of different mechanisms and working principles of polymeric actuators as well as to show a palette of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Ionov
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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140
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Otero TF, Martinez JG. Physical and chemical awareness from sensing polymeric artificial muscles. Experiments and modeling. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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141
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Tang R, Liu Z, Xu D, Liu J, Yu L, Yu H. Optical pendulum generator based on photomechanical liquid-crystalline actuators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8393-8397. [PMID: 25875214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For converting light energy into electricity, an optical pendulum generator was designed by combining photomechanical movement of liquid-crystalline actuator (LCA) with Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Bilayer cantilever actuators were first fabricated with LDPE and LCA. Their photomechanical movement drove the attached copper coils to cut magnetic line of force generating electricity. The output electricity was proportional to the changing rate of the magnetic flux, which was greatly influenced by light intensity, film thickness, and sample size. Continuous electrical output was also achieved. This simple strategy may expand applications of photoactive materials in the capture and storage of light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- †State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Non-metal Composites and Functional Materials and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and ⊥Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- †State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Non-metal Composites and Functional Materials and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and ⊥Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- †State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Non-metal Composites and Functional Materials and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and ⊥Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Liu
- †State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Non-metal Composites and Functional Materials and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and ⊥Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yu
- †State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Non-metal Composites and Functional Materials and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and ⊥Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- †State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Non-metal Composites and Functional Materials and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and ⊥Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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142
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Wang L, Xu H, Song Y, Luo J, Wei W, Xu S, Cai X. Highly sensitive detection of quantal dopamine secretion from pheochromocytoma cells using neural microelectrode array electrodeposited with polypyrrole graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7619-7626. [PMID: 25804204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For the measurement of events of dopamine (DA) release as well as the coordinating neurotransmission in the nerve system, a neural microelectrode array (nMEA) electrodeposited directionally with polypyrrole graphene (PG) nanocomposites was fabricated. The deposited graphene significantly increased the surface area of working electrode, which led to the nMEA (with diameter of 20 μm) with excellent selectivity and sensitivity to DA. Furthermore, PG film modification exhibited low detection limit (4 nM, S/N = 3.21), high sensitivity, and good linearity in the presence of ascorbic acid (e.g., 13933.12 μA mM(-1) cm(-2) in the range of 0.8-10 μM). In particular, the nMEA combined with the patch-clamp system was used to detect quantized DA release from pheochromocytoma cells under 100 mM K(+) stimulation. The nMEA that integrates 60 microelectrodes is novel for detecting a large number of samples simultaneously, which has potential for neural communication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huiren Xu
- †State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yilin Song
- †State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- †State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- †State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shengwei Xu
- †State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- †State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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143
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Amiri Moghadam AA, Alizadeh V, Tahani M, Kouzani A, Kaynak A. Equivalent dynamic thermoviscoelastic modeling of ionic polymers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahidreza Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoud Tahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Abbas Kouzani
- School of Engineering; Deakin University, Geelong; Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Akif Kaynak
- School of Engineering; Deakin University, Geelong; Victoria 3216 Australia
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144
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Mu J, Hou C, Zhu B, Wang H, Li Y, Zhang Q. A multi-responsive water-driven actuator with instant and powerful performance for versatile applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9503. [PMID: 25826443 PMCID: PMC4379955 DOI: 10.1038/srep09503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical actuators driven by water that respond to multiple stimuli, exhibit fast responses and large deformations, and generate high stress have potential in artificial muscles, motors, and generators. Meeting all these requirements in a single device remains a challenge. We report a graphene monolayer paper that undergoes reversible deformation. Its graphene oxide cells wrinkle and extend in response to water desorption and absorption, respectively. Its fast (~0.3 s), powerful (>100 MPa output stress, 7.5 × 10(5) N kg(-1) unit mass force), and controllable actuation can be triggered by moisture, heat, and light. The graphene monolayer paper has potential in artificial muscles, robotic hands, and electromagnetic-free generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuke Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 (People's Republic of China)
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 (People's Republic of China)
| | - Bingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 (People's Republic of China)
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 (People's Republic of China)
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 (People's Republic of China)
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 (People's Republic of China)
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145
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Akbulut H, Endo T, Yamada S, Yagci Y. Synthesis and characterization of polyphenylenes with polypeptide and poly(ethylene glycol) side chains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Akbulut
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute; Kinki University; 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Molecular Engineering Institute; Kinki University; 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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146
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Taccola S, Greco F, Sinibaldi E, Mondini A, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V. Toward a new generation of electrically controllable hygromorphic soft actuators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1668-75. [PMID: 25556552 PMCID: PMC4369129 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An innovative processing strategy for fabricating soft structures that possess electric- and humidity-driven active/passive actuation capabilities along with touch- and humidity-sensing properties is reported. The intrinsically multifunctional material comprises an active thin layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-(styrene sulfonate) in a double-layered structure with a silicone elastomer and provides an opportunity toward developing a new class of smart structures for soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Taccola
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaViale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Francesco Greco
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaViale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Edoardo Sinibaldi
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaViale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Alessio Mondini
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaViale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaViale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaViale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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147
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148
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Pérez-Madrigal MM, Armelin E, Puiggalí J, Alemán C. Insulating and semiconducting polymeric free-standing nanomembranes with biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5904-5932. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Free-standing nanomembranes, which are emerging as versatile elements in biomedical applications, are evolving from being composed of insulating (bio)polymers to electroactive conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona E-08028
- Spain
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona E-08028
- Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona E-08028
- Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona E-08028
- Spain
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149
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Melling D, Wilson SA, Jager EWH. Controlling the electro-mechanical performance of polypyrrole through 3- and 3,4-methyl substituted copolymers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15587h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique study of the impact of crosslinking on the electro-mechanical performance of electropolymerised polypyrrole films using laser-scanning micrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Melling
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology
- University of Dundee
- Dundee
- UK
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
| | - S. A. Wilson
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology
- University of Dundee
- Dundee
- UK
| | - E. W. H. Jager
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- Linköping
- Sweden
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150
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Renard C, Wang D, Han BZ, Dang ZM. Origin of large field-induced strain of azobenzene/polyurethane blend dielectric elastomers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of the highly enhanced electromechanical response of polyurethane blended with strong polar azobenzenes was carefully characterized and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Renard
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Bao-Zhong Han
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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