101
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Wang D, Yang J, Fang M, He W, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhou D. Characterization of the novel In1059 harbouring VIM gene cassette. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:50. [PMID: 28529729 PMCID: PMC5437533 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VIM-type enzyme encodes the most widely acquired metallo-β-lactamases in Gram- negative bacteria. To obtain current epidemiological data for integrons from enterobacteriae in hospital, the study characterizes the genetic structure in In1059 by comparison with In846 integrons harbouring VIM gene and other class 1 integrons including In37, In62, In843 and In1021 with the aim of identifying the putative mechanisms involved integron mobilization and infer evolution of relevant integrons. METHODS Six of 69 recombinant plasmids from clinical strains were found to be class 1 integrons by digestion with BamHI, drug susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, PCR amplification, integron cloning and sequencing, genome comparison, and detection of carbapenemase activity. RESULTS The sequences of the six recombinant plasmids encoding In1021, In843, In846, In37, In62, and the novel In1059 integron had approximate lengths of ~4.8-, 4.1-, 5.1-, 5.3-, 5.3- and 6.6- kb, respectively. The genetic structures of these integrons were mapped and characterized, and the carbapenemase activities of their parental strains were assessed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the six variable integron structures and regular variations that exist in the gene cassettes provide a putative mechanism for the integron changes. Our study has also shown that the genetic features in the integrons named above fall within a scheme involving the stepwise and parallel evolution of class 1 integron variation likely under antibiotic selection pressure in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University and the Institute of Molecular Diagnostics of Taizhou University, 381 Zhongshan Eastern Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 China
| | - Jinhong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xuanyue Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 3250027 China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006 China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 75 Jinxiu Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 75 Jinxiu Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001 China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xuanyue Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 3250027 China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Fengtai Eastern Avenue, Beijing, 100071 China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Taizhou University and the Institute of Molecular Diagnostics of Taizhou University, 381 Zhongshan Eastern Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000 China
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102
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Oliveira-Pinto C, Diamantino C, Oliveira PL, Reis MP, Costa PS, Paiva MC, Nardi RMD, Magalhães PP, Chartone-Souza E, Nascimento AMA. Occurrence and characterization of class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli from healthy individuals and those with urinary infection. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:577-583. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Oliveira-Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Diamantino
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia L Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Reis
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Magna C Paiva
- Campus Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Regina M. D Nardi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula P Magalhães
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edmar Chartone-Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa M. A Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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103
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Singh T, Das S, Ramachandran VG, Wani S, Shah D, Maroof KA, Sharma A. Distribution of Integrons and Phylogenetic Groups among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Children <5 Years of Age in Delhi, India. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:561. [PMID: 28443072 PMCID: PMC5385330 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrons by means of horizontal gene transfer carry multidrug resistance genes (MDR) among bacteria, including E. coli. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles and the genes associated with them, to gain insights in the distribution of phylogroups, prevalence, and characterization of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons among Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) isolates, from children upto 5 years of age from Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR), India. A total of 120 E. coli isolates, including 80 from diarrheagenic E. coli (cases) and 40 from healthy isolates (controls) were recruited in this study. After isolation of E. coli, screening for EPEC was done by conventional multiplex PCR. Antibiotic suseptibility test was performed using disk diffusion method and further confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) by E-test. The presence and characterization of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes were performed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Phylogeny determination was carried out by quadruplex PCR. EPEC strains were found in 64 of the 80 diarrheagenic cases, out of which 38 were MDR. In the 40 healthy controls, 23 were found to be EPEC strain, out of which only 2 were MDR. Amongst 80 diarrheagenic cases, class 1 integron were observed in 43 isolates, class 2 integron in 12 isolates and 9 isolates were found with co-existence of both. Similarly, in healthy controls; class 1 integron in 9 and class 2 integron in 7 isolates were observed with co-existence in 3 isolates. None of the isolates included class 3 integron. The dfr was the most commonly identified gene cassette within the integron-positive isolates. Phylogenetic studies showed considerable representation of phylogroup B2 in both diarrheagenic cases and healthy controls. This study reiterates the importance of class 1 integron predominantly for acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes among EPEC isolates. Furthermore, it also ascertains the possible association between multidrug resistance and presence of integrons. Approximately 91% of isolates were easily assigned to their respective phylogroups. Assessment of the relationship between antibiotic resistance and dominant phylogroups detected was also attempted. This study also highlights the increased burden of antimicrobial resistance in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Singh
- Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - Shukla Das
- Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Dermatology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad GardenNew Delhi, India.,Department of Minimal Access and Bariatric Surgery, Fortis Flt. Rajan Dhall HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - Sayim Wani
- Dermatology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad GardenNew Delhi, India.,Department of Minimal Access and Bariatric Surgery, Fortis Flt. Rajan Dhall HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Shah
- Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - Khan A Maroof
- Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad GardenNew Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Sardarjung HospitalNew Delhi, India
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104
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Ben Tanfous F, Alonso CA, Achour W, Ruiz-Ripa L, Torres C, Ben Hassen A. First Description of KPC-2-ProducingEscherichia coliand ST15 OXA-48-PositiveKlebsiella pneumoniaein Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:365-375. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ben Tanfous
- Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Tunis, Tunisie
- Service des Laboratoires, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, UR 12ES02, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Carla Andrea Alonso
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Wafa Achour
- Service des Laboratoires, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, UR 12ES02, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Assia Ben Hassen
- Service des Laboratoires, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, UR 12ES02, Tunis, Tunisie
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105
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Igbinosa IH, Beshiru A, Odjadjare EE, Ateba CN, Igbinosa EO. Pathogenic potentials of Aeromonas species isolated from aquaculture and abattoir environments. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:185-192. [PMID: 28365323 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study elucidated the presence of antibiotics resistance, virulence genes and biofilm potentials among Aeromonas species isolated from abattoir and aquaculture environments in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 144 wastewater samples were obtained from two independent aquaculture and abattoir environments between May and October 2016. Aeromonas species were isolated on Glutamate Starch Phenol Red (GSP) agar and confirmed using API 20NE kits. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates was carried out using standard disc diffusion assay while biofilm potentials were detected by the microtitre plate method and PCR technique was used to detect antibiotics resistance and virulence gene markers. Overall, 32 and 26 Aeromonas species were isolated from the abattoir and aquaculture environments respectively. Isolates from both environments were completely resistant (100%) to penicillin G, ertapenem and tetracycline; whereas aquaculture isolates exhibited absolute sensitivity (100%) towards cefepime. All the virulence gene markers (aerA, hlyA, alt, ast, laf, ascF-G, fla, lip, stx1, and stx2) investigated in this study (except laf) were detected in isolates from both environments. The laf genes were only detected in isolates from abattoir environments. Antibiotics resistant genes including pse, blaTEM and class 1 integron were detected in isolates from both environments. Majority of the isolates (53/58 91.4%) from both environments; demonstrated capacity for biofilm potential. The detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene markers as well as biofilm forming ability in Aeromonas species isolated from aquaculture and abattoir environments raise serious public health concern worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isoken H Igbinosa
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154 Benin City 300001, Nigeria; SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154 Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel E Odjadjare
- Environmental, Public Health and Bioresource Microbiology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, PMB 1100, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Collins N Ateba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Division, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2375 South Africa
| | - Etinosa O Igbinosa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154 Benin City 300001, Nigeria.
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106
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Cao XL, Cheng L, Zhang ZF, Ning MZ, Zhou WQ, Zhang K, Shen H. Survey of Clinical Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter cloacae Isolates in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital, 2012–2014. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:83-89. [PMID: 27116016 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhe Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Qing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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107
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Delaire C, van Genuchten CM, Amrose SE, Gadgil AJ. Bacteria attenuation by iron electrocoagulation governed by interactions between bacterial phosphate groups and Fe(III) precipitates. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 103:74-82. [PMID: 27438902 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron electrocoagulation (Fe-EC) is a low-cost process in which Fe(II) generated from an Fe(0) anode reacts with dissolved O2 to form (1) Fe(III) precipitates with an affinity for bacterial cell walls and (2) bactericidal reactive oxidants. Previous work suggests that Fe-EC is a promising treatment option for groundwater containing arsenic and bacterial contamination. However, the mechanisms of bacteria attenuation and the impact of major groundwater ions are not well understood. In this work, using the model indicator Escherichia coli (E. coli), we show that physical removal via enmeshment in EC precipitate flocs is the primary process of bacteria attenuation in the presence of HCO3(-), which significantly inhibits inactivation, possibly due to a reduction in the lifetime of reactive oxidants. We demonstrate that the adhesion of EC precipitates to cell walls, which results in bacteria encapsulation in flocs, is driven primarily by interactions between EC precipitates and phosphate functional groups on bacteria surfaces. In single solute electrolytes, both P (0.4 mM) and Ca/Mg (1-13 mM) inhibited the adhesion of EC precipitates to bacterial cell walls, whereas Si (0.4 mM) and ionic strength (2-200 mM) did not impact E. coli attenuation. Interestingly, P (0.4 mM) did not affect E. coli attenuation in electrolytes containing Ca/Mg, consistent with bivalent cation bridging between bacterial phosphate groups and inorganic P sorbed to EC precipitates. Finally, we found that EC precipitate adhesion is largely independent of cell wall composition, consistent with comparable densities of phosphate functional groups on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. Our results are critical to predict the performance of Fe-EC to eliminate bacterial contaminants from waters with diverse chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Delaire
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, United States.
| | - Case M van Genuchten
- Department of Earth Sciences - Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508TA, The Netherlands
| | - Susan E Amrose
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, United States
| | - Ashok J Gadgil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, United States; Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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108
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Sun W, Qian X, Gu J, Wang XJ, Duan ML. Mechanism and Effect of Temperature on Variations in Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30237. [PMID: 27444518 PMCID: PMC4957233 DOI: 10.1038/srep30237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal manure comprises an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but the variation in ARGs during anaerobic digestion at various temperatures and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Thus, we performed anaerobic digestion using dairy manure at three temperature levels (moderate: 20 °C, mesophilic: 35 °C, and thermophilic: 55 °C), to analyze the dynamics of ARGs and bacterial communities by quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that 8/10 detected ARGs declined and 5/10 decreased more than 1.0 log during thermophilic digestion, whereas only four and five ARGs decreased during moderate and mesophilic digestion, respectively. The changes in ARGs and bacterial communities were similar under the moderate and mesophilic treatments, but distinct from those in the thermophilic system. Potential pathogens such as Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Corynebacterium were removed by thermophilic digestion but not by moderate and mesophilic digestion. The bacterial community succession was the dominant mechanism that influenced the variation in ARGs and integrons during anaerobic digestion. Thermophilic digestion decreased the amount of mesophilic bacteria (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) carrying ARGs. Anaerobic digestion generally decreased the abundance of integrons by eliminating the aerobic hosts of integrons (Actinomycetales and Bacilli). Thermophilic anaerobic digestion is recommended for the treatment and reuse of animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xun Qian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Man-Li Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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109
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Marathe NP, Gaikwad SS, Vaishampayan AA, Rasane MH, Shouche YS, Gade WN. Mossambicus tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from water bodies impacted by urban waste carries extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and integron-bearing gut bacteria. J Biosci 2016; 41:341-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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110
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Alonso C, González-Barrio D, Tenorio C, Ruiz-Fons F, Torres C. Antimicrobial resistance in faecal Escherichia coli isolates from farmed red deer and wild small mammals. Detection of a multiresistant E. coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 45:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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111
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Sun F, Ou Q, Wang Q, Feng W, Qiu X, Chen J, Liu Y, Xia P. The resistance and transmission mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in a tertiary care hospital, China. J Chemother 2016; 28:476-481. [PMID: 27077932 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1139335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the resistance and epidemiological data of 117 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China. Except for polymyxin B, tigecycline, minocycline, cefoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin and levofloxacin, the resistance rates of other antimicrobial agents were above 90%. All the clinical isolates had the blaOXA-51 gene and 114 isolates had the blaOXA-23 gene. Forty-nine isolates were found to contain the blaIMP-4 gene. PFGE data showed that 117 isolates were divided into 25 groups. Sixty-three (53.85%) were found to carry the class 1 integron, and the sequence analysis of the class 1 integron internal variable regions - five types, one of which had the blaIMP-4 gene. For the blaIMP-4 positive strain without class 1 integron, we found the flanking sequence had the TnpA gene. The result suggested that the resistance gene was widely distributed in our hospital; moreover, the modes of presence and transmission are different and complicated. The results of our study can improve the infection empirical treatment method and infection control programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Sun
- a Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Qianyi Ou
- a Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Qian Wang
- b Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wei Feng
- a Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xuewen Qiu
- a Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- a Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yao Liu
- a Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Peiyuan Xia
- a Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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112
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Ferjani S, Saidani M, Hamzaoui Z, Alonso CA, Torres C, Maamar E, Slim AF, Boutiba BBI. Community fecal carriage of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in Tunisian children. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 87:188-192. [PMID: 27856044 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The spread of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC) was evaluated in Escherichia coli strains collected from the intestinal microbiota of healthy children in Tunisia. The carriage rate of CTXRE. coli was 6.6% (7 of 105 samples) and one strain/sample was further characterized (7 isolates). These isolates harbored blaCTX-M-1 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 2), and blaCMY-2 gene (n = 1), which were usually located on FIB replicon type and carried class 1 integrons. The acc(6')-Ib-cr variant was identified in one isolate that harbored blaCTX-M-15. CTXRE. coli isolates were genetically unrelated and belonged to B1 (n = 3/ST155/ST398/ST58), D (n = 2/ST117/ST493), B2 (n = 1/ST127), and A (n = 1/ST746) phylogroups. Strain virulence scores varied from 3 to 12, and frequently harbored the pathogenicity island PAI IV536. The intestinal tract of healthy children constitute an important reservoir of ESBL producing E. coli. Thus, improvement of hygiene measures mainly in the school environment and rational use of antibiotics would be of great help in preventing selection and diffusion of resistant strains from intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ferjani
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux antimicrobiens, 1007, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Mabrouka Saidani
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux antimicrobiens, 1007, Tunis, Tunisie; CHU Charles Nicolle, Service de Microbiologie, 1006, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Zeineb Hamzaoui
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux antimicrobiens, 1007, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Carla Andrea Alonso
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Elaa Maamar
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux antimicrobiens, 1007, Tunis, Tunisie
| | | | - Ben Boubaker Ilhem Boutiba
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux antimicrobiens, 1007, Tunis, Tunisie; CHU Charles Nicolle, Service de Microbiologie, 1006, Tunis, Tunisie
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113
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Graham DW, Knapp CW, Christensen BT, McCluskey S, Dolfing J. Appearance of β-lactam Resistance Genes in Agricultural Soils and Clinical Isolates over the 20th Century. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21550. [PMID: 26878889 PMCID: PMC4754643 DOI: 10.1038/srep21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Debate exists about whether agricultural versus medical antibiotic use drives increasing antibiotic resistance (AR) across nature. Both sectors have been inconsistent at antibiotic stewardship, but it is unclear which sector has most influenced acquired AR on broad scales. Using qPCR and soils archived since 1923 at Askov Experimental Station in Denmark, we quantified four broad-spectrum β-lactam AR genes (ARG; bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA) and bla(CTX-M)) and class-1 integron genes (int1) in soils from manured (M) versus inorganic fertilised (IF) fields. "Total" β-lactam ARG levels were significantly higher in M versus IF in soils post-1940 (paired-t test; p < 0.001). However, dominant individual ARGs varied over time; bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) between 1963 and 1974, bla(OXA) slightly later, and bla(CTX-M) since 1988. These dates roughly parallel first reporting of these genes in clinical isolates, suggesting ARGs in animal manure and humans are historically interconnected. Archive data further show when non-therapeutic antibiotic use was banned in Denmark, bla(CTX-M) levels declined in M soils, suggesting accumulated soil ARGs can be reduced by prudent antibiotic stewardship. Conversely, int1 levels have continued to increase in M soils since 1990, implying direct manure application to soils should be scrutinized as part of future stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Graham
- School of Civil Engineering &Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XJ
| | - Bent T Christensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Seánín McCluskey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XJ
| | - Jan Dolfing
- School of Civil Engineering &Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
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114
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Han JW, Koh HB, Kim TJ. Molecular Characterization of β-Lactamase-ProducingEscherichia coliCollected from 2001 to 2011 from Pigs in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:68-76. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong Bum Koh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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115
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Cavalcanti FLDS, Mirones CR, Paucar ER, Montes LÁ, Leal-Balbino TC, Morais MMCD, Martínez-Martínez L, Ocampo-Sosa AA. Mutational and acquired carbapenem resistance mechanisms in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Recife, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:1003-9. [PMID: 26676375 PMCID: PMC4708020 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out into the genetic mechanisms responsible for
multidrug resistance in nine carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas
aeruginosaisolates from different hospitals in Recife, Brazil.
Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined by broth microdilution.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the presence of genes encoding
β-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs), 16S rRNA methylases,
integron-related genes and OprD. Expression of genes coding for efflux pumps and AmpC
cephalosporinase were assessed by quantitative PCR. The outer membrane proteins were
separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
blaSPM-1, blaKPC-2 and blaGES-1
genes were detected in P. aeruginosaisolates in addition to
different AME genes. The loss of OprD in nine isolates was mainly due to frameshift
mutations, premature stop codons and point mutations. An association of loss of OprD
with the overexpression of MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM was observed in most isolates.
Hyper-production of AmpC was also observed in three isolates. Clonal relationship of
the isolates was determined by repetitive element palindromic-PCR and multilocus
sequence typing. Our results show that the loss of OprD along with overexpression of
efflux pumps and β-lactamase production were responsible for the multidrug resistance
in the isolates analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Lira de Sá Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Cristina Rodríguez Mirones
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Elena Román Paucar
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Laura Álvarez Montes
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Alain Antonio Ocampo-Sosa
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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116
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Kaur P, Gautam V, Tewari R. Distribution of Class 1 Integrons,sul1andsul2Genes Among Clinical Isolates ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliafrom a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:380-5. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parvinder Kaur
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Gautam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupinder Tewari
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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117
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MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE DETERMINANTS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THE ENDANGERED AUSTRALIAN SEA LION (NEOPHOCA CINEREA). J Wildl Dis 2015; 51:555-63. [PMID: 25919463 DOI: 10.7589/2014-08-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Greater interaction between humans and wildlife populations poses significant risks of anthropogenic impact to natural ecosystems, especially in the marine environment. Understanding the spread of microorganisms at the marine interface is therefore important if we are to mitigate adverse effects on marine wildlife. We investigated the establishment of Escherichia coli in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) by comparing fecal isolation from wild and captive sea lion populations. Fecal samples were collected from wild colonies March 2009-September 2010 and from captive individuals March 2011-May 2013. Using molecular screening, we assigned a phylotype to E. coli isolates and determined the presence of integrons, mobile genetic elements that capture gene cassettes conferring resistance to antimicrobial agents common in fecal coliforms. Group B2 was the most abundant phylotype in all E. coli isolates (n = 37), with groups A, B1, and D also identified. Integrons were not observed in E. coli (n = 21) isolated from wild sea lions, but were identified in E. coli from captive animals (n = 16), from which class I integrases were detected in eight isolates. Sequencing of gene cassette arrays identified genes conferring resistance to streptomycin-spectinomycin (aadA1) and trimethoprim (dfrA17, dfrB4). Class II integrases were not detected in the E. coli isolates. The frequent detection in captive sea lions of E. coli with resistance genes commonly identified in human clinical cases suggests that conditions experienced in captivity may contribute to establishment. Identification of antibiotic resistance in the microbiota of Australian sea lions provides crucial information for disease management. Our data will inform conservation management strategies and provide a mechanism to monitor microorganism dissemination to sensitive pinniped populations.
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118
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Ebrahimi F, M�zes J, M�sz�ros J, Juh�sz �, Kardos G. Carriage Rates and Characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Healthy Individuals: Comparison of Applicants for Long-Term Care and Individuals Screened for Employment Purposes. Chemotherapy 2015; 60:239-49. [DOI: 10.1159/000375407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kotlarska E, Łuczkiewicz A, Pisowacka M, Burzyński A. Antibiotic resistance and prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from two wastewater treatment plants, and their receiving waters (Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea, Poland). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2018-30. [PMID: 25167818 PMCID: PMC4308648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, antimicrobial-resistance patterns were analyzed in Escherichia coli isolates from raw (RW) and treated wastewater (TW) of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), their marine outfalls (MOut), and mouth of the Vistula River (VR). Susceptibility of E. coli was tested against different classes of antibiotics. Isolates resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent were PCR tested for the presence of integrons. Ampicillin-resistant E. coli were the most frequent, followed by amoxicillin/clavulanate (up to 32 %), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (up to 20 %), and fluoroquinolone (up to 15 %)-resistant isolates. Presence of class 1 and 2 integrons was detected among tested E. coli isolates with rate of 32.06 % (n = 84) and 3.05 % (n = 8), respectively. The presence of integrons was associated with increased frequency of resistance to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, and presence of multidrug-resistance phenotype. Variable regions were detected in 48 class 1 and 5 class 2 integron-positive isolates. Nine different gene cassette arrays were confirmed among sequenced variable regions, with predominance of dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA17-aadA5, and aadA1 arrays. These findings illustrate the importance of WWTPs in spreading of resistance genes in the environment and the need for inclusion of at least monitoring efforts in the regular WWTP processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kotlarska
- Genetics and Marine Biotechnology Department, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Pisowacka
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Artur Burzyński
- Genetics and Marine Biotechnology Department, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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120
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Mózes J, Ebrahimi F, Gorácz O, Miszti C, Kardos G. Effect of carbapenem consumption patterns on the molecular epidemiology and carbapenem resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1654-1662. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.082818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in the University of Debrecen in relation to antibiotic consumption. Overall and ward-specific antibiotic consumption was measured by the number of defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 bed-days between 2002 and 2012. Consumption was analysed against the number of A. baumannii positive patients per 100 bed-days, number of isolates per positive sample, and proportion of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii, using time-series analysis. Altogether 160 A. baumannii isolates from different wards were collected and analysed. Carbapenemase genes blaOXA-23-like
, blaOXA-24-like
, blaOXA-48-like
, blaOXA-51-like
, blaOXA-58-like
and integrons were sought by PCR. Relatedness of isolates was assessed by PFGE. Prevalence and carbapenem resistance of A. baumannii were statistically associated with carbapenem consumption. Prevalence data followed carbapenem usage with three quarterly lags (r = 0.51–0.53, P<0.001), and meropenem and ertapenem, but not imipenem usage, affected prevalence. Colistin usage, in turn, lagged behind prevalence with one lag (r = 0.68–0.70, P<0.001). Six clusters were identified; the neurology ward with the lowest carbapenem consumption was associated with the carbapenem-susceptible cluster, as well as with the carbapenem-susceptible isolates in the cluster with variable susceptibility. Wards with high carbapenem usage almost exclusively harboured isolates from carbapenem-resistant clusters. All clusters were dominated by isolates of one or two wards, but most wards were represented in multiple clusters. Increases in prevalence and carbapenem resistance of A. baumannii were associated with usage of meropenem and ertapenem but not of imipenem, which led to the spread of multiple clones in the University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Mózes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Gorácz
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Cecília Miszti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
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121
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Isolation of VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas monteilii clinical strains disseminated in a tertiary hospital in northern Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:1334-6. [PMID: 25421471 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04639-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the occurrence of blaVIM-2 in 10 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas monteilii strains isolated from different clinical samples from patients at the University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla in northern Spain. All the blaVIM-2-harboring P. monteilii isolates possessed a class 1 integron, with the cassette array [intI1_blaVIM-2_aac(6')-Ib_qacEΔ1_sul1]. Our results show the emergence of VIM-2-producing multidrug-resistant species other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas putida in a Spanish hospital. P. monteilii, although sporadically isolated, should also be considered an important metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) reservoir.
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122
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Hobman JL, Crossman LC. Bacterial antimicrobial metal ion resistance. J Med Microbiol 2014; 64:471-497. [PMID: 25418738 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.023036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metals such as mercury, arsenic, copper and silver have been used in various forms as antimicrobials for thousands of years with until recently, little understanding of their mode of action. The discovery of antibiotics and new organic antimicrobial compounds during the twentieth century saw a general decline in the clinical use of antimicrobial metal compounds, with the exception of the rediscovery of the use of silver for burns treatments and niche uses for other metal compounds. Antibiotics and new antimicrobials were regarded as being safer for the patient and more effective than the metal-based compounds they supplanted. Bacterial metal ion resistances were first discovered in the second half of the twentieth century. The detailed mechanisms of resistance have now been characterized in a wide range of bacteria. As the use of antimicrobial metals is limited, it is legitimate to ask: are antimicrobial metal resistances in pathogenic and commensal bacteria important now? This review details the new, rediscovered and 'never went away' uses of antimicrobial metals; examines the prevalence and linkage of antimicrobial metal resistance genes to other antimicrobial resistance genes; and examines the evidence for horizontal transfer of these genes between bacteria. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of the widespread dissemination of these resistances on re-emergent uses of antimicrobial metals and how this could impact upon the antibiotic resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon L Hobman
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lisa C Crossman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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123
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Dureja C, Mahajan S, Raychaudhuri S. Phylogenetic distribution and prevalence of genes encoding class I Integrons and CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli isolates from healthy humans in Chandigarh, India. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112551. [PMID: 25409321 PMCID: PMC4237346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is generally considered as a commensal inhabitant of gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to gain insight on the distribution of phylotypes and presence of genes encoding integrons, extended β-lactamases and resistance to other antimicrobials in the commensal E. coli isolates from healthy adults in Chandigarh, India. PCR and DNA sequencing were used for phylogenetic classification, detections of integrase genes, gene cassettes within the integron and extended β-lactamases. The genetic structure of E. coli revealed a non-uniform distribution of isolates among the seven phylogenetic groups with significant representation of group A. Integron-encoded integrases were detected in 25 isolates with class 1 integron-encoded intI1 integrase being in the majority (22 isolates). The gene cassettes identified were those for trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin and streptothricin. The dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 was the most commonly found gene cassette in intI1 positive isolates. Phenotypic assay for screening the potential ESBL producers suggested 16 isolates to be ESBL producers. PCR detection using gene-specific primers showed that 15 out of these 16 ESBL-producing E. coli harboured the blaCTX-M-15 gene. Furthermore, molecular studies helped in characterizing the genes responsible for tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sulphonamides resistance. Collectively, our study outlines the intra-species phylogenetic structure and highlights the prevalence of class 1 integron and blaCTX-M-15 in commensal E. coli isolates of healthy adults in Chandigarh, India. Our findings further reinforce the relevance of commensal E. coli strains on the growing burden of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Dureja
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Molecular Biology Division, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sakshi Mahajan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Molecular Biology Division, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Saumya Raychaudhuri
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Molecular Biology Division, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- * E-mail:
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124
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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for screening of bacterial integrons. Biol Res 2014; 47:53. [PMID: 25418445 PMCID: PMC4222780 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence and prevalence of integrons in clinical microorganisms and their role played in antimicrobial resistance have been well studied recently. As screening and detection of integrons are concerned, current diagnostic methodologies are restricted by significant drawbacks and novel methods are required for integrons detection. Results In this study, three loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting on class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were implemented and evaluated. Optimization of these detection assays were performed, including studing on the reaction temperature, volume, time, sensitivity and specificity (both primers and targets). Application of the established LAMP assays were further verified on a total of 1082 isolates (previously identified to be 397 integron-positive and 685 integron-negative strains). According to the results, the indispensability of each primer had been confirmed and the optimal reaction temperature, volume and time were found to be 65°C, 45 min and 25 μL, respectively. As application was concerned, 361, 28 and 8 isolates carrying intI1, intI2 and intI3 yielded positive amplicons, respectively. Other 685 integron-negative bacteria were negative for the integron-screening LAMP assays, totaling the detection rate and specificity to be 100%. Conclusions The intI1-, intI2- and intI3-LAMP assays established in this study were demonstrated to be the valid and rapid detection methodologies for the screening of bacterial integrons.
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125
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Harada K, Niina A, Shimizu T, Mukai Y, Kuwajima K, Miyamoto T, Kataoka Y. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from dogs. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1561-1567. [PMID: 25187600 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.081539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale monitoring of resistance to 14 antimicrobial agents was performed using 103 Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from dogs in Japan. Resistant strains were analysed to identify their resistance mechanisms. Rates of resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, gentamicin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime were 20.4, 15.5, 12.6, 10.7, 9.7, 8.7, 5.8, 2.9, 2.9, 1.9 and 1.9%, respectively. No resistance to ceftazidime, aztreonam or imipenem was found. Class 1 and 2 integrases were detected in 2.9 and 11.7% of isolates, respectively. Class 1 integrons contained aadB or aadB-catB-like-blaOXA10-aadA1, whereas those of class 2 contained sat-aadA1, dhfr1-sat-aadA1 or none of the anticipated resistance genes. Of five distinct plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance (PMQR) genes, only qnrD gene was detected in 1.9% of isolates. Quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC from 13 enrofloxacin-intermediate and -resistant isolates were sequenced. Seven strains had double mutations and three had single mutations. Three of nine ampicillin-resistant isolates harboured AmpC-type β-lactamases (i.e. blaCMY-2, blaCMY-4 and blaDHA-1). These results suggest that canine Proteus mirabilis deserves continued surveillance as an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants. This is the first report, to our knowledge, describing integrons, PMQRs and QRDR mutations in Proteus mirabilis isolates from companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Harada
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama-Cho, Tottori-Shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Ayaka Niina
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takae Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama-Cho, Tottori-Shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yujiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ken Kuwajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miyamoto
- Miyamoto Animal Hospital, 2265-8, Kurokawa, Yamaguchi-Shi, Yamaguchi 753-0851, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kataoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Dashti AA, Vali L, El-Shazly S, Jadaon MM. The characterization and antibiotic resistance profiles of clinical Escherichia coli O25b-B2-ST131 isolates in Kuwait. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:214. [PMID: 25163534 PMCID: PMC4159528 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli O25b-B2-ST131 are considered virulent extra-intestinal pathogens causing serious clinical complications such as urinary tract infection and bacteraemia. Our main objectives in this study were to characterise the multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates of this lineage in Kuwait, and to demonstrate whether reduced susceptibility is spread clonally. Results A subset of 83 (10%) non-duplicate and non-selective E. coli O25b-B2-ST131 out of 832 MDR E. coli was identified and collected. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the isolates were determined and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used for typing. The majority (95.2%) of the 83 E. coli O25b-B2-ST131 harboured at least one bla gene with blaCTX-M-15 being the most prevalent. blaCTX-M-2 was present in one isolate. Also one isolate harboured blaCTX-M-56, qnrB1 and blaCMY-2 genes and carried IncF1 plasmids of about 97 kb and160 kb. qnrB and qnrS were found in 8 other blaCTX-M-15 containing isolates. The blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM and qnrA were not detected, however, the blaOXA-48 was present in two (2.4%). Conclusions The majority of isolates harbouring qnr genes demonstrated relatedness (≥85%) by PFGE. However, the diversity in PFGE profiles for the other MDR isolates reflected the changes in population genetics of E. coli O25b-B2-ST131. We identified for the first time the appearance of blaCTX-M-2 in the Middle East and blaCTX-M-56 outside the Latin American countries. The isolate harbouring blaCTX-M-56 also contained qnrB1 and blaCMY-2 genes and carried IncF1 plasmids. The appearance of a highly virulent E. coli O25b-ST131 that is resistant to penicillins, most cephalosproins, β-lactamase inhibitors as well as fluoroquinolones is a cause for concern. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0214-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Vali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Sulaibekhat, Sulaibekhat, 90805, Kuwait.
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127
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First description of a blaVIM-2-carrying Citrobacter freundii isolate in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6331-2. [PMID: 25022585 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03168-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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128
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Jagoda SSSDS, Wijewardana TG, Arulkanthan A, Igarashi Y, Tan E, Kinoshita S, Watabe S, Asakawa S. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater ornamental fish showing signs of septicaemia. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 109:127-137. [PMID: 24991740 DOI: 10.3354/dao02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 74 phenotypically identified presumptive motile Aeromonas isolates recovered from septicaemic freshwater ornamental fish in Sri Lanka were genetically characterized by sequencing of rpoD and gyrB genes. rpoD/gyrB phylogeny confirmed only 53 isolates as Aeromonas, among which A. veronii was the predominant species (79.2%), followed by A. hydrophila (7.5%), A. caviae (5.7%), A. jandaei (1.9%), A. dhakensis (3.8%) and A. entero pelogenes (1.9%). The aeromonads confirmed by sequencing were further subjected to 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP which substantiated sequencing results for 83% of isolates. Fingerprinting of A. enteropelogenes (n = 42) using ERIC-PCR revealed no dominant clones, and the majority were genetically distinct. All isolates were screened by PCR for 7 virulence determinant genes (aer, act, ast, alt, fla, ser, exu) and 2 integrase encoding genes (intI1, intI2). Each isolate contained ≥3 of the virulence genes tested for, with a heterogeneous distribution. Of the isolates, 77% harboured the intI1 gene, while none had intI2. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed highest resistances towards tetracycline (58.5%) and erythromycin (54.7%). Our results indicate the diverse range of aeromonads that could potentially be associated with motile aeromonad septicaemia in ornamental fish. This is the first isolation of A. dhakensis from a septicaemic ornamental fish since its original description from the same host.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S S de S Jagoda
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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129
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Molecular characterization of clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:16. [PMID: 24884610 PMCID: PMC4030571 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-13-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is a frequent nosocomial pathogen, with the multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae being a major public health concern, frequently causing difficult-to-treat infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characterization of clinical MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Methods A total of 27 non-duplicate MDR K. pneumoniae isolates with a CTX-CIP-AK resistance pattern were investigated for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes including extended spectrum β-lactamase genes (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, 16S rRNA methylase (16S-RMTase) genes, and integrons by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. Plasmid replicons were typed by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were carried out to characterize the strain relatedness. Results All the isolates co-harbored 3 or more resistance determinants. OqxAB, CTX-M-type ESBLs and RmtB were the most frequent determinants, distributed among19 (70.4%),18 (66.7%) and 8 (29.6%) strains. Fourteen isolates harbored class 1 integrons, with orfD-aacA4 being the most frequent gene cassette array. Class 3 integrons were less frequently identified and contained the gene cassette array of blaGES-1-blaOXA-10-aac(6′)-Ib. IncFII replicon was most commonly found in this collection. One cluster was observed with ≥80% similarity among profiles obtained by PFGE, and one sequence type (ST) by MLST, namely ST11, was observed in the cluster. Conclusion K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)–producing ST11 was the main clone detected. Of particular concern was the high prevalence of multiple resistance determinants, classs I integrons and IncFII plasmid replicon among these MDR strains, which provide advantages for the rapid development of MDR strains.
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130
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Jiang Y, Yao L, Li F, Tan Z, Zhai Y, Wang L. Characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
from cultured sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicas
). Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:147-54. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - L. Yao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - F. Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Z. Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Y. Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - L. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Qingdao China
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131
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Berglund B, Khan GA, Weisner SEB, Ehde PM, Fick J, Lindgren PE. Efficient removal of antibiotics in surface-flow constructed wetlands, with no observed impact on antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:29-37. [PMID: 24448029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there have been growing concerns about pharmaceuticals including antibiotics as environmental contaminants. Antibiotics of concentrations commonly encountered in wastewater have been suggested to affect bacterial population dynamics and to promote dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Conventional wastewater treatment processes do not always adequately remove pharmaceuticals causing environmental dissemination of low levels of these compounds. Using constructed wetlands as an additional treatment step after sewage treatment plants have been proposed as a cheap alternative to increase reduction of wastewater contaminants, however this means that the natural microbial community of the wetlands becomes exposed to elevated levels of antibiotics. In this study, experimental surface-flow wetlands in Sweden were continuously exposed to antibiotics of concentrations commonly encountered in wastewater. The aim was to assess the antibiotic removal efficiency of constructed wetlands and to evaluate the impact of low levels of antibiotics on bacterial diversity, resistance development and expression in the wetland bacterial community. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the effect on the bacterial diversity was assessed with 16S rRNA-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Real-time PCR was used to detect and quantify antibiotic resistance genes and integrons in the wetlands, during and after the exposure period. The results indicated that the antibiotic removal efficiency of constructed wetlands was comparable to conventional wastewater treatment schemes. Furthermore, short-term treatment of the constructed wetlands with environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e. 100-2000 ng×l(-1)) of antibiotics did not significantly affect resistance gene concentrations, suggesting that surface-flow constructed wetlands are well-suited for wastewater treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Berglund
- Linköping University, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | - Stefan E B Weisner
- Wetland Research Centre, Halmstad University, P.O. Box 823, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Per Magnus Ehde
- Wetland Research Centre, Halmstad University, P.O. Box 823, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per-Eric Lindgren
- Linköping University, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Medical Services, County Hospital Ryhov, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
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132
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Ravi A, Avershina E, Ludvigsen J, L'Abée-Lund TM, Rudi K. Integrons in the intestinal microbiota as reservoirs for transmission of antibiotic resistance genes. Pathogens 2014; 3:238-48. [PMID: 25437798 PMCID: PMC4243444 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota plays a major beneficial role in immune development and resistance to pathogens. The use of antibiotics, however, can cause the spread of antibiotic resistance genes within the resident intestinal microbiota. Important vectors for this are integrons. This review therefore focuses on the integrons in non-pathogenic bacteria as a potential source for the development and persistence of multidrug resistance. Integrons are a group of genetic elements which are assembly platforms that can capture specific gene cassettes and express them. Integrons in pathogenic bacteria have been extensively investigated, while integrons in the intestinal microbiota have not yet gained much attention. Knowledge of the integrons residing in the microbiota, however, can potentially aid in controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance genes to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ravi
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food science department (IKBM), Campus Ås, Ås 1432, Norway.
| | - Ekaterina Avershina
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food science department (IKBM), Campus Ås, Ås 1432, Norway.
| | - Jane Ludvigsen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food science department (IKBM), Campus Ås, Ås 1432, Norway.
| | - Trine M L'Abée-Lund
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Campus Adamstuen, Oslo 0454, Norway.
| | - Knut Rudi
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food science department (IKBM), Campus Ås, Ås 1432, Norway.
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133
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Genomic Description of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli and Enterococci Isolates from Healthy Lusitano Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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134
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Marathe NP, Regina VR, Walujkar SA, Charan SS, Moore ERB, Larsson DGJ, Shouche YS. A treatment plant receiving waste water from multiple bulk drug manufacturers is a reservoir for highly multi-drug resistant integron-bearing bacteria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77310. [PMID: 24204801 PMCID: PMC3812170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arenas and detailed mechanisms for transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between environmental bacteria and pathogens are largely unclear. Selection pressures from antibiotics in situations where environmental bacteria and human pathogens meet are expected to increase the risks for such gene transfer events. We hypothesize that waste-water treatment plants (WWTPs) serving antibiotic manufacturing industries may provide such spawning grounds, given the high bacterial densities present there together with exceptionally strong and persistent selection pressures from the antibiotic-contaminated waste. Previous analyses of effluent from an Indian industrial WWTP that processes waste from bulk drug production revealed the presence of a range of drugs, including broad spectrum antibiotics at extremely high concentrations (mg/L range). In this study, we have characterized the antibiotic resistance profiles of 93 bacterial strains sampled at different stages of the treatment process from the WWTP against 39 antibiotics belonging to 12 different classes. A large majority (86%) of the strains were resistant to 20 or more antibiotics. Although there were no classically-recognized human pathogens among the 93 isolated strains, opportunistic pathogens such as Ochrobactrum intermedium, Providencia rettgeri, vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE), Aerococcus sp. and Citrobacter freundii were found to be highly resistant. One of the O. intermedium strains (ER1) was resistant to 36 antibiotics, while P. rettgeri (OSR3) was resistant to 35 antibiotics. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 74/93 (80%) strains each, and 88/93 (95%) strains harbored at least one type of integron. The qPCR analysis of community DNA also showed an unprecedented high prevalence of integrons, suggesting that the bacteria living under such high selective pressure have an appreciable potential for genetic exchange of resistance genes via mobile gene cassettes. The present study provides insight into the mechanisms behind and the extent of multi-drug resistance among bacteria living under an extreme antibiotic selection pressure.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/drug effects
- Bacteria/genetics
- Conjugation, Genetic
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics
- Gene Transfer, Horizontal
- Genome, Bacterial
- Humans
- Integrons/genetics
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/classification
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/isolation & purification
- Wastewater/microbiology
- Water Microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket P. Marathe
- Microbial Culture Collection (MCC), National Center for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viduthalai R. Regina
- Microbial Culture Collection (MCC), National Center for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep A. Walujkar
- Microbial Culture Collection (MCC), National Center for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shakti Singh Charan
- Microbial Culture Collection (MCC), National Center for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Edward R. B. Moore
- Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yogesh S. Shouche
- Microbial Culture Collection (MCC), National Center for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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135
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Mózes J, Szűcs I, Molnár D, Jakab P, Fatemeh E, Szilasi M, Majoros L, Orosi P, Kardos G. A potential role of aminoglycoside resistance in endemic occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in lower airways of mechanically ventilated patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 78:79-84. [PMID: 24183948 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Altogether, 98 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a 5-bed intensive care unit were fingerprinted with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and tested for aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(6')-Ib, aac(3″)-IIa, ant(2″)-Ia, armA, rmtA, and rmtB and integrons and virulence genes/operons phzI, phzII, phzM, phzS, apr, lasB, plcH, plcN, pilA, algD, toxA, exoS, exoT, exoY, and exoU. Two major clusters were identified (49 and 19 isolates), harbouring aac(6')-Ib, blaPSE-1, and ant(3″)-Ia genes or ant(2″)-Ia gene, respectively, on a class I integron. Most virulence genes except for exoU and pilA were found. Only 1 isolate of the minor cluster (8 isolates) and 1 of the 22 sporadic isolates carried integrons (without gene cassettes); virulence profile was highly variable. Comparing the resistance and virulence patterns of endemic and sporadic isolates suggests that integron-borne aminoglycoside resistance is more closely associated with the frequency than virulence. Consequently, aminoglycoside usage may have played a role in maintenance of the endemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Mózes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Szűcs
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Dávid Molnár
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Péter Jakab
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Ebrahimi Fatemeh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Mária Szilasi
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - László Majoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Piroska Orosi
- Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary.
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136
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Chen T, Feng Y, Yuan JL, Qi Y, Cao YX, Wu Y. Class 1 integrons contributes to antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013; 31:385-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.118903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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137
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Pereira SG, Cardoso O. Mobile genetic elements of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from hydrotherapy facility and respiratory infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 20:O203-6. [PMID: 24102722 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The content of mobile genetic elements in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates of a pristine natural mineral water system associated with healthcare was compared with clinical isolates from respiratory infections. One isolate, from the therapy pool circuit, presented a class 1 integron, with 100% similarity to a class 1 integron contained in plasmid p4800 of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp4800 strain, which is the first time it has been reported in P. aeruginosa. Class 1 integrons were found in 25.6% of the clinical isolates. PAGI1 orf3 was more prevalent in environmental isolates, while PAGI2 c105 and PAGI3 sg100 were more prevalent in clinical isolates. Plasmids were not observed in either population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Pereira
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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138
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Szmolka A, Nagy B. Multidrug resistant commensal Escherichia coli in animals and its impact for public health. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:258. [PMID: 24027562 PMCID: PMC3759790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After the era of plentiful antibiotics we are alarmed by the increasing number of antibiotic resistant strains. The genetic flexibility and adaptability of Escherichia coli to constantly changing environments allows to acquire a great number of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Commensal strains of E. coli as versatile residents of the lower intestine are also repeatedly challenged by antimicrobial pressures during the lifetime of their host. As a consequence, commensal strains acquire the respective resistance genes, and/or develop resistant mutants in order to survive and maintain microbial homeostasis in the lower intestinal tract. Thus, commensal E. coli strains are regarded as indicators of antimicrobial load on their hosts. This chapter provides a short historic background of the appearance and presumed origin and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal intestinal E. coli of animals with comparative information on their pathogenic counterparts. The dynamics, development, and ways of evolution of resistance in the E. coli populations differ according to hosts, resistance mechanisms, and antimicrobial classes used. The most frequent tools of E. coli against a variety of antimicrobials are the efflux pumps and mobile resistance mechanisms carried by plasmids and/or other transferable elements. The emergence of hybrid plasmids (both resistance and virulence) among E. coli is of further concern. Co-existence and co-transfer of these "bad genes" in this huge and most versatile in vivo compartment may represent an increased public health risk in the future. Significance of multidrug resistant (MDR) commensal E. coli seem to be highest in the food animal industry, acting as reservoir for intra- and interspecific exchange and a source for spread of MDR determinants through contaminated food to humans. Thus, public health potential of MDR commensal E. coli of food animals can be a concern and needs monitoring and more molecular analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Béla Nagy
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
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139
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Gonçalves A, Igrejas G, Radhouani H, Santos T, Monteiro R, Pacheco R, Alcaide E, Zorrilla I, Serra R, Torres C, Poeta P. Detection of antibiotic resistant enterococci and Escherichia coli in free range Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 456-457:115-119. [PMID: 23588135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thirty fecal samples from wild specimens of Iberian lynx were collected and analyzed for Enterococcus spp. (27 isolates) and Escherichia coli (18 isolates) recovery. The 45 isolates obtained were tested for antimicrobial resistance, molecular mechanisms of resistance, and presence of virulence genes. Among the enterococci, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus hirae were the most prevalent species (11 isolates each), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (5 isolates). High percentages of resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin (33% and 30%, respectively) were detected among enterococcal isolates. The tet(M) and/or tet(L), erm(B), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, or aph(3')-IIIa genes were detected among resistant enterococci. Virulence genes were detected in one E. faecalis isolate (cpd, cylB, and cylL) and one E. hirae isolate (cylL). High percentages of resistance were detected in E. coli isolates to tetracycline (33%), streptomycin (28%), nalidixic acid (28%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT, 22%). Additionally, the blaTEM, tet(A), aadA, cmlA, and different combinations of sul genes were detected among most ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and SXT-resistant isolates, respectively. Two isolates contained a class 1 integron with the gene cassette arrays dfrA1 + aadA1 and dfrA12 + aadA2. The E. coli isolates were ascribed to phylo-groups A (n=5); B1 (n=4); B2 (n=6), and D (n=3), with the virulence gene fimA present in all E. coli isolates. This study found resistance genes in wild specimens of Iberian lynx. Thus, it is important to notice that multiresistant bacteria have reached species as rare and completely non-synanthropic as the Iberian lynx. Furthermore, the susceptibility of this endangered species to bacterial infection may be affected by the presence of these virulence and resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gonçalves
- Center of Genomics and Biotechnology/Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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140
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A design-constraint trade-off underpins the diversity in ecologically important traits in species Escherichia coli. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:2034-43. [PMID: 23677010 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial species are internally diverse in genomic and multi-locus gene comparisons. The ecological causes of phenotypic and genotypic diversity within species are far less well understood. Here, we focus on the competitive fitness for growth on nutrients within Escherichia coli, an internally rich species. Competition experiments in nutrient-limited chemostats revealed that members of the ECOR collection exhibited a wide continuum of competitive abilities, with some fitter and some less fit than the lab strain MG1655. We observed an inverse relationship between competitiveness and the resistance of strains to detergent and antibiotic, consistent with the notion that membrane permeability and competitive fitness are linked by a trade-off between self-preservation and nutritional competence (SPANC); high permeability has a postulated cost in antibacterial sensitivity whereas a low permeability has a cost in nutrient affinity. Isolates moved along the markedly nonlinear trade-off curve by mutational adaptation; an ECOR strain sensitive to antibacterials and a good competitor was easily converted by mutation into a mutant with higher resistance but poorer competition in the presence of low antibiotic concentrations. Conversely, a resistant ECOR strain changed into a better competitor after a short period of selection under nutrient limitation. In both directions, mutations can affect porin proteins and outer membrane permeability, as indicated by protein analysis, gene sequencing and an independent assay of outer membrane permeability. The extensive, species-wide diversity of E. coli in ecologically important traits can thus be explained as an evolutionary consequence of a SPANC trade-off driven by antagonistic pleiotropy.
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141
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Machado E, Coque TM, Cantón R, Sousa JC, Peixe L. Commensal Enterobacteriaceae as reservoirs of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, integrons, and sul genes in Portugal. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:80. [PMID: 23579192 PMCID: PMC3619534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria colonizing the human intestine have a relevant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy humans from Portugal and analyzed the distribution of sul genes and class 1 and 2 integrons. Faecal samples (n = 113) were recovered from healthy persons (North/Centre of Portugal, 2001-2004) and plated on MacConkey agar with and without ceftazidime (1 mg/L) or cefotaxime (1 mg/L). Isolates representing different morphotypes/plate and antibiotic susceptibility patterns (n = 201) were selected. Isolates resistant to sulfonamides and/or streptomycin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim were screened (PCR and sequencing) for sul genes (sul1, sul2, sul3) and class 1 and 2 integrons. Presence of ESBLs was inferred using the double disk synergy test (DDST) and further confirmed by PCR and sequencing. ESBL producers were selected for clonal analysis, plasmid characterization and conjugation assays by standard methods. ESBL-producing isolates were found in 1.8% (2/113) of samples, corresponding to Escherichia coli of phylogroups A (n = 1) and B1 (n = 1) carrying transferable bla CTX-M-14 and the new bla TEM-153, respectively. A 80kb IncK plasmid bearing bla CTX-M-14 was found, being highly related to that widely spread among CTX-M-14 producers of humans and animals from Portugal and other European countries. sul genes were found in 88% (22/25; sul2-60%, sul1-48%, sul3-4%) of the sulfonamide resistant isolates. Class 1 integrons were more frequently found than class 2 (7%, 14/201 vs. 3%, 6/201). Interestingly, gene cassette arrangements within these platforms were identical to those commonly observed among Enterobacteriaceae from Portuguese food-producing animals, although aadA13 is here firstly described in Morganella morganii. These results reinforce the relevance of human commensal flora as reservoir of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes including bla ESBLs, and highly transferable genetic platforms as IncK epidemic plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Machado
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
- CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando PessoaPorto, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain
| | - João C. Sousa
- CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando PessoaPorto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
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142
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Cambray G, Guimaraes JC, Mutalik VK, Lam C, Mai QA, Thimmaiah T, Carothers JM, Arkin AP, Endy D. Measurement and modeling of intrinsic transcription terminators. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:5139-48. [PMID: 23511967 PMCID: PMC3643576 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The reliable forward engineering of genetic systems remains limited by the ad hoc reuse of many types of basic genetic elements. Although a few intrinsic prokaryotic transcription terminators are used routinely, termination efficiencies have not been studied systematically. Here, we developed and validated a genetic architecture that enables reliable measurement of termination efficiencies. We then assembled a collection of 61 natural and synthetic terminators that collectively encode termination efficiencies across an ∼800-fold dynamic range within Escherichia coli. We simulated co-transcriptional RNA folding dynamics to identify competing secondary structures that might interfere with terminator folding kinetics or impact termination activity. We found that structures extending beyond the core terminator stem are likely to increase terminator activity. By excluding terminators encoding such context-confounding elements, we were able to develop a linear sequence-function model that can be used to estimate termination efficiencies (r = 0.9, n = 31) better than models trained on all terminators (r = 0.67, n = 54). The resulting systematically measured collection of terminators should improve the engineering of synthetic genetic systems and also advance quantitative modeling of transcription termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Cambray
- BIOFAB International Open Facility Advancing Biotechnology (BIOFAB), 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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143
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Xu Y, Luo QQ, Zhou MG. Identification and characterization of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55962. [PMID: 23437082 PMCID: PMC3578876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Four streptomycin-resistant isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (YNA7-1, YNA10-2, YNA11-2, and YNA12-2) were examined via PCR amplification for the presence of class 1, class 2, and class 3 integrons and aadA1 and aadA2 genes, which confer resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. The class 1 integrase gene intI1 and the aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase gene aadA1 were identified in all four resistant isolates but not in 25 sensitive isolates. PCR amplifications showed that 7790-bp, 7162-bp, 7790-bp, and 7240-bp resistance integrons with transposition gene modules (tni module) in 3′ conserved segments existed in YNA7-1, YNA10-2, YNA11-2, and YNA12-2, respectively. Subsequent analysis of sequences indicated that the integrons of YNA7-1 and YNA11-2 carried three gene cassettes in the order |aacA3|arr3|aadA1|. The integron of YNA10-2 carried only |arr3|aadA1| gene cassettes. The integron of YNA12-2 lacked a 550-bp sequence including part of intI1 but it still carried |aacA3|arr3|aadA1| gene cassettes. The analysis of inactive mutants and complementation tests confirmed that the aacA3 gene conferred resistance to tobramycin, kanamycin, gentamicin and netilmicin; the arr3 gene conferred resistance to rifampicin; and the aadA1 gene conferred resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. The resistance phenotypes of the four isolates corresponded with their resistance gene cassettes, except that YNA7-1 and YNA12-2 did not show rifampicin resistance. Sequence comparison revealed that no gene cassette array in GenBank was in the same order as in the integrons of the four resistant isolates in this study and the aadA1, which was identical in the four resistant isolates, showed 99% identity with aadA1 sequences in GenBank. The result of a stability test showed that the resistance phenotype, the aadA1 gene, and the intI1 gene were completely stable in YNA7-1 and YNA12-2 but unstable in YNA10-2 and YNA11-2. To our knowledge, this is the first report of resistance integron in a phytopathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Landscape Gardening Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-quan Luo
- Shanghai Landscape Gardening Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-guo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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144
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Ramos S, Silva N, Caniça M, Capelo-Martinez JL, Brito F, Igrejas G, Poeta P. High prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from animals at slaughter: a food safety risk. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:517-526. [PMID: 22836880 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been concern about the increase of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and protection of animal and public health, along with food safety. In the present study, we evaluate the incidence of antimicrobial resistance among 192 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from faecal samples of healthy food-producing animals at slaughter in Portugal. RESULTS Ninety-seven % of the pig isolates, 74% from sheep and 55% from cattle were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, with the resistances to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole the most common phenotype detected. Genes encoding resistance to antimicrobial agents were detected in most of the resistant isolates. Ninety-three % of the resistant isolates were included in the A or B1 phylogenetic groups, and the virulence gene fimA (alone or in association with papC or aer genes) was detected in 137 of the resistant isolates. Five isolates from pigs belonging to phylogroup B2 and D were resistant to five different antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSION Our data shows a high percentage of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals, and raises important questions in the potential impact of antibiotic use in animals and the possible transmission of resistant bacteria to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Ramos
- Centre of Studies of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
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145
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Ivy RA, Farber JM, Pagotto F, Wiedmann M. International Life Science Institute North America Cronobacter (Formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) isolate set. J Food Prot 2013; 76:40-51. [PMID: 23317855 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogen isolate collections are important for the development of detection methods, for validation of intervention strategies, and to develop an understanding of pathogenesis and virulence. We have assembled a publicly available Cronobacter (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) isolate set that consists of (i) 25 Cronobacter sakazakii isolates, (ii) two Cronobacter malonaticus isolates, (iii) one Cronobacter muytjensii isolate, which displays some atypical phenotypic characteristics, biochemical profiles, and colony color on selected differential media, and (iv) two nonclinical Enterobacter asburiae isolates, which show some phenotypic characteristics similar to those of Cronobacter spp. The set consists of human (n = 10), food (n = 11), and environmental (n = 9) isolates. Analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequence and seven-gene multilocus sequence typing data allowed for reliable identification of these isolates to species and identification of 14 isolates as sequence type 4, which had previously been shown to be the most common C. sakazakii sequence type associated with neonatal meningitis. Phenotypic characterization was carried out with API 20E and API 32E test strips and streaking on two selective chromogenic agars; isolates were also assessed for sorbitol fermentation and growth at 45°C. Although these strategies typically produced the same classification as sequence-based strategies, based on a panel of four biochemical tests, one C. sakazakii isolate yielded inconclusive data and one was classified as C. malonaticus. EcoRI automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with XbaI separated the set into 23 unique ribotypes and 30 unique PFGE types, respectively, indicating subtype diversity within the set. Subtype and source data for the collection are publicly available in the PathogenTracker database (www. pathogentracker. net), which allows for continuous updating of information on the set, including links to publications that include information on isolates from this collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid A Ivy
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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146
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Prevalence of β-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance, and virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in Slovakia. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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147
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Marchant M, Vinué L, Torres C, Moreno MA. Change of integrons over time in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy pigs and chickens. Vet Microbiol 2012; 163:124-32. [PMID: 23290120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (a) to perform a time-related quantitative analysis of relative integron frequencies in intestinal Escherichia coli isolates from food animals (pigs and chickens) and (b) to analyse putative relationships between integrons, antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic groups. The E. coli collection of the Spanish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network was used to extract 393 intestinal isolates from healthy pigs and chickens belonging to the oldest (1998/99) and the latest (2006) available surveillance programs, and their quantitative antimicrobial resistance data. PCR and sequencing were used for detection and characterisation of integrons. Integron overall relative frequencies ranged between 80% and 49%, being higher in pig than in chicken E. coli isolates in both periods. Time-related analysis showed no variations when considering overall frequencies (80% versus 75% in pig E. coli isolates and 49% versus 51% in E. coli chicken isolates). Apart from the 3'-integron sul gene, six different antimicrobial-related gene cassettes (with different variants) were detected in the sequenced integron variable regions: aadA, dfrA, and sat in classes 1 and 2, and cmlA, linF and aadB only in class 1. Multiresistance profiles showed a high association between antimicrobial resistance and integron presence for those antimicrobials corresponding to the antimicrobial-related gene cassettes detected (streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, plus sulphonamides). However, the presence of integrons was also associated with resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline, two antimicrobials that are widely used in animals but not linked to these genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Marchant
- VISAVET, Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Emergence of a novel extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, fluoroquinolone-resistant clone of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in Kumasi, Ghana. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:728-30. [PMID: 23241377 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03006-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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149
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Silva N, Costa L, Gonçalves A, Sousa M, Radhouani H, Brito F, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Genetic characterisation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases inEscherichia coliisolated from retail chicken products including CTX-M-9 containing isolates: a food safety risk factor. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:747-55. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.740554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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150
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Dynamics and diversity of Escherichia coli in animals and system management of the manure on a commercial farrow-to-finish pig farm. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:853-9. [PMID: 23160136 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02866-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the dynamics and diversity of Escherichia coli populations in animal and environmental lines of a commercial farrow-to-finish pig farm in Spain along a full production cycle (July 2008 to July 2009), with special attention to antimicrobial resistance and the presence of integrons. In the animal line, a total of 256 isolates were collected from pregnant sows (10 samples and 20 isolates), 1-week-old piglets (20 samples and 40 isolates), unweaned piglets (20 samples and 38 isolates), growers (20 samples and 40 isolates), and the finishers' floor pen (6 samples and 118 isolates); from the underfloor pits and farm slurry tank environmental lines, 100 and 119 isolates, respectively, were collected. Our results showed that E. coli populations in the pig fecal microbiota and in the farm environment are highly dynamic and show high levels of diversity. These issues have been proven through DNA-based typing data (repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR [REP-PCR]) and phenotypic typing data (antimicrobial resistance profile comprising 19 antimicrobials). Clustering of the sampling groups based on their REP-PCR typing results showed that the spatial features (the line) had a stronger weight than the temporal features (sampling week) for the clustering of E. coli populations; this weight was less significant when clustering was performed based on resistotypes. Among animals, finishers harbored an E. coli population different from those of the remaining animal populations studied, considering REP-PCR fingerprints and resistotypes. This population, the most important from a public health perspective, demonstrated the lowest levels of antimicrobial resistance and integron presence.
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