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Ashtari Esfahani A, Böser S, Buzinsky N, Carmona-Benitez MC, Claessens C, de Viveiros L, Doe PJ, Fertl M, Formaggio JA, Gaison JK, Gladstone L, Grando M, Guigue M, Hartse J, Heeger KM, Huyan X, Johnston J, Jones AM, Kazkaz K, LaRoque BH, Li M, Lindman A, Machado E, Marsteller A, Matthé C, Mohiuddin R, Monreal B, Mueller R, Nikkel JA, Novitski E, Oblath NS, Peña JI, Pettus W, Reimann R, Robertson RGH, Rosa De Jesús D, Rybka G, Saldaña L, Schram M, Slocum PL, Stachurska J, Sun YH, Surukuchi PT, Tedeschi JR, Telles AB, Thomas F, Thomas M, Thorne LA, Thümmler T, Tvrznikova L, Van De Pontseele W, VanDevender BA, Weintroub J, Weiss TE, Wendler T, Young A, Zayas E, Ziegler A. Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:102502. [PMID: 37739382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The absolute scale of the neutrino mass plays a critical role in physics at every scale, from the subatomic to the cosmological. Measurements of the tritium end-point spectrum have provided the most precise direct limit on the neutrino mass scale. In this Letter, we present advances by Project 8 to the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique culminating in the first frequency-based neutrino mass limit. With only a cm^{3}-scale physical detection volume, a limit of m_{β}<155 eV/c^{2} (152 eV/c^{2}) is extracted from the background-free measurement of the continuous tritium beta spectrum in a Bayesian (frequentist) analysis. Using ^{83m}Kr calibration data, a resolution of 1.66±0.19 eV (FWHM) is measured, the detector response model is validated, and the efficiency is characterized over the multi-keV tritium analysis window. These measurements establish the potential of CRES for a high-sensitivity next-generation direct neutrino mass experiment featuring low background and high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ashtari Esfahani
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Böser
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Buzinsky
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Claessens
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - L de Viveiros
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P J Doe
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Fertl
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J A Formaggio
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J K Gaison
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M Grando
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Guigue
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Hartse
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K M Heeger
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - X Huyan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Johnston
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A M Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Li
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Lindman
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Machado
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A Marsteller
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C Matthé
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Mohiuddin
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - B Monreal
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - R Mueller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J A Nikkel
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - E Novitski
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J I Peña
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Reimann
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R G H Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Rosa De Jesús
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - G Rybka
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L Saldaña
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Schram
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - P L Slocum
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J Stachurska
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y-H Sun
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - P T Surukuchi
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J R Tedeschi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A B Telles
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - F Thomas
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Thomas
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - L A Thorne
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Thümmler
- Institute of Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Tvrznikova
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W Van De Pontseele
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B A VanDevender
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Weintroub
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - T E Weiss
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - T Wendler
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Young
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Zayas
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ziegler
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Estevinho MM, Cabeda J, Santiago M, Machado E, Silva R, Duro M, Pita I, Morais R, Macedo G, Bull TJ, Magro F, Sarmento A. Viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Colonizes Peripheral Blood of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1520. [PMID: 37375022 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathobionts, particularly Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Escherichia coli isolates with adherence/invasive ability (AIEC) have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's disease (CD). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of viable MAP and AIEC in a cohort of IBD patients. As such, MAP and E. coli cultures were established from faecal and blood samples (with a total n = 62 for each) of patients with CD (n = 18), ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 15), or liver cirrhosis (n = 7), as well as from healthy controls (HC, n = 22). Presumptive positive cultures were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for a positive confirmation of MAP or E. coli identity. E. coli-confirmed isolates were then tested for AIEC identity using adherence and invasion assays in the epithelial cell line of Caco-2 and survival and replication assays in the macrophage cell line of J774. MAP sub-culture and genome sequencing were also performed. MAP was more frequently cultured from the blood and faecal samples of patients with CD and cirrhosis. E. coli presumptive colonies were isolated from the faecal samples of most individuals, in contrast to what was registered for the blood samples. Additionally, from the confirmed E. coli isolates, only three had an AIEC-like phenotype (i.e., one CD patient and two UC patients). This study confirmed the association between MAP and CD; however, it did not find a strong association between the presence of AIEC and CD. It may be hypothesized that the presence of viable MAP in the bloodstream of CD patients contributes to disease reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Estevinho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Cabeda
- FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR, CIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Santiago
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Machado
- FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silva
- FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Duro
- FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Pita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Entre Douro e Vouga Hospital Center, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Rui Morais
- Department of Gastroenterology, São João University Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Department of Gastroenterology, São João University Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tim J Bull
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London SW17 ORE, UK
| | - Fernando Magro
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, São João University Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amélia Sarmento
- FP-I3ID, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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Borkenstein AF, Borkenstein EM, Machado E, Fitzek H, Rattenberger J, Schennach R, Kothleitner G. Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) as a Tool for High-Resolution 3D Imaging and Analysis of Intraocular Lenses: Feasibility and Proof of the Methodology to Evaluate YAG Pits. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:447-457. [PMID: 36481844 PMCID: PMC9834457 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most frequent late sequelae after successful cataract surgery. Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy is considered the gold standard and a well-accepted, safe, and effective measure in treating PCO. However, iatrogenic damage of the intraocular lens (IOL) due to inappropriate focusing is a quite common side effect. These permanent defects (YAG pits) can critically affect overall optical quality. METHODS In this laboratory study, we used the micro-computed tomography (µCT) technique to obtain high-resolution 3D images of the lens and the YAG pits. RESULTS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a detailed analysis of IOLs with µCT technology. This non-destructive technique seems to be ideal for comparative studies, measuring dimensions of the damage, and visualizing shooting channels within the material. CONCLUSION µCT is excellently suited to examine an IOL in detail, analyze optics and haptics in three dimensions, and to describe all kinds of changes within the IOL without damaging it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Borkenstein
- Borkenstein & Borkenstein private practice, Privatklinik Der Kreuzschwestern Graz, Kreuzgasse 35, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - E. M. Borkenstein
- Borkenstein & Borkenstein private practice, Privatklinik Der Kreuzschwestern Graz, Kreuzgasse 35, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - E. Machado
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Solid State Physics, University of Technology Graz, Petersgasse 16/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - H. Fitzek
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, University of Technology Graz, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - J. Rattenberger
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, University of Technology Graz, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - R. Schennach
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Solid State Physics, University of Technology Graz, Petersgasse 16/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - G. Kothleitner
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, University of Technology Graz, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Bueno C, Alves FL, Pinheiro LM, Perez L, Agostini VO, Fernandes EHL, Möller OO, Weschenfelder J, Pinho GLL, Wallner-Kersanach M, Moura RR, Durán JM, Etchevers I, Costa LDF, Werlang CC, Bortolin E, Machado E, Figueira RCL, Ferreira PAL, Andrade C, Fornaro L, García-Rodríguez F. The effect of agricultural intensification and water-locking on the world's largest coastal lagoonal system. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149664. [PMID: 34418619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The palaeolimnological conditions of Mirim Lagoon, a large coastal shallow lagoon under the influence of historical human impacts related to the development of the primary sector of the economy were reconstructed. The first significant human impact consisted of locking the estuarine system to induce the transition from brackish to freshwater conditions. During this transition, the sedimentation rate consistently increased from pre-disturbance values of 0.25 cm yr-1 to >1 cm yr-1. A concomitant increase in nitrogen and carbon values was recorded indicating a related eutrophication process. The highest nutrient levels were achieved during the 1990s after the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies for agricultural production such as high-yielding varieties of rice resistant to climate variability and pests, and the use of inorganic fertilisers, pesticides and water supply controlled by irrigation. After 2011, the soybean production boosted and the area cultivated with this oilseed equalled the area of rice paddies, i.e., 2 × 105 ha. A sharp decrease in δ13C from -19 to -24‰ and in δ15N from 6 to 2‰ were observed in the sedimentary record, indicating a major shift in the composition of the organic matter after the agricultural intensification. Trace elements Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn showed a high positive correlation with Al and Fe, and enrichment factors near 1, indicating a natural and terrigenous source of these elements and also unpolluted conditions. However, the increase of As after 1990 and the positive correlation with Pb was associated with agricultural practices. All elemental ratios (K/Al, Ti/Al and V/Cr) showed constant pre-disturbance trends and a turning point ca. the 1990s. Microplastics were detected from the beginning of the 1990s and increased towards recent sediments, thus corroborating an anthropogenically impacted scenario. Therefore, the development of the primary sector of the economy exerted clear impacts on the environmental quality of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bueno
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - F L Alves
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - L M Pinheiro
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - L Perez
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - V O Agostini
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - E H L Fernandes
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - O O Möller
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - J Weschenfelder
- Centro de Estudos de Geologia Costeira e Oceânica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - G L L Pinho
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - M Wallner-Kersanach
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - R R Moura
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - J M Durán
- Facultad de Administración y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad ORT, Uruguay
| | - I Etchevers
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - L D F Costa
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - C C Werlang
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - E Bortolin
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - E Machado
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - R C L Figueira
- Laboratório de Química Inorgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P A L Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Inorgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Andrade
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - L Fornaro
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - F García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil; Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
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Agustinho BC, Daniel JLP, Zeoula LM, Alcalde CR, Machado E, Bragatto JM, Schneider CR, Santos NW, Matumoto-Pintro PT, Saraiva BR, Osorio JAC, Faciola AP. Enzymatic effects of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate on whole-plant corn silage and performance of lactating goats. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11660-11672. [PMID: 34419269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) synthesizes enzymes that degrade lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate (POSS) on whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, lignin monomers, and in vitro digestibility, as well as the performance of lactating goats fed corn silage treated with different levels of POSS. In experiment 1, 4 levels of lignocellulolytic enzymes were tested in a complete randomized design: 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg of lignocellulosic enzymes per kilogram of fresh matter, 4 replicates per treatment (vacuum-sealed bags). The bags were opened 60 d after ensiling. In experiment 2, corn silage treated with 3 enzyme levels (0, 10, or 30 mg/kg of fresh matter) was fed to lactating goats as part of the total mixed ration. Nine lactating Saanen goats (62.68 ± 7.62 kg BW; 44 ± 8 d in milk; 2.91 ± 0.81 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were assigned to three 3 × 3 Latin squares. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc.), and means were compared by linear and quadratic orthogonal contrast. In experiment 1, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, and cellulose quadratically decreased in the WPCS treated with POSS. At the nadir point, POSS decreased NDF by 14.1%, ADF by 19.5%, lignin by 9.07%, and cellulose by 22.1% compared with the untreated silage. Therefore, POSS led to a quadratic increase in in vitro dry matter digestibility of WPCS (+8.88% at the vertex) compared with the untreated silage. In experiment 2, POSS quadratically increased the in vivo total-tract ADF digestibility. Also, the concentration of polyphenols in the milk of goats linearly increased with the addition of POSS, and no differences were observed among treatments for milk yield and composition. In summary, adding 10 mg of lignocellulolytic enzymes from POSS per kilogram of fresh matter of whole-plant corn at ensiling had a more evident reduction in lignin and cellulose concentration, leading to greater in vitro digestibility, as well as greater in vivo ADF digestibility; however, milk yield was not different among treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844.
| | - J L P Daniel
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L M Zeoula
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - C R Alcalde
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - E Machado
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - J M Bragatto
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - C R Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - N W Santos
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - P T Matumoto-Pintro
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - B R Saraiva
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - J A C Osorio
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844.
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Cruz L, Silva A, Lopes J, Damas D, Lourenço J, Costa A, Silva F, Sousa J, Galego O, Nunes C, Veiga R, Machado C, Rodrigues B, Cecilia C, Almendra L, Bras A, Santo G, Machado E, Sargento-Freitas J. Early Cerebrovascular Ultrasonography as a Predictor of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Thrombectomy. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105922. [PMID: 34157670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the predictive value of early transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with large artery occlusion (LAO) stroke of carotid circulation, who were submitted to endovascular therapy (EVT) with successful reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study evaluating a cohort of consecutive stroke patients with LAO of the carotid circulation that were recanalyzed with EVT. We measured angle-corrected peak systolic velocities, end-diastolic velocities and mean flow velocities (PSV, EDV and MFV) of the symptomatic and asymptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA). The ratio between MFV of the symptomatic MCA and MFV of the asymptomatic MCA (MCA-Ra) was calculated. Parenchymal hematoma in the 24 hours control CT was considered as ICH. Univariate associations and multivariate analyses were used to identify early independent predictors for ICH among TCCS findings. RESULTS We included 234 patients, mean age 72.5 (SD 12.6) years, 52.1% male. The mean time between recanalization and TCCS was 12.3 hours (range 3-22). Patients who developed postinterventional ICH showed a higher MCA-Ra (1.02 ± 0.26 vs 1.16 ± 0,21, p = 0.036). In multivariate analysis, only higher MCA-Ra remained independently associated with postinterventional ICH (OR: 6.778, 95%CI: 1.152-39.892, p = 0.034). A value of MCA-Ra ≥ 1,05 was associated with ICH, showing a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 65.9%; the AUC based of the ROC analysis was 0.688 (95% CI 0.570-0.806). CONCLUSION TCCS performed within the first 24 hours after stroke onset can help to predict hemorrhagic transformation in patients with LAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cruz
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Silva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Lopes
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Damas
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Lourenço
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F Silva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Sousa
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - O Galego
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Nunes
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Veiga
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Machado
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B Rodrigues
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Cecilia
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Almendra
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Bras
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Santo
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Machado
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Sargento-Freitas
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Cunha C, Valido R, Machado E. Inside out: Taking inpatient care home. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9479918 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Home hospitalization is an alternative to conventional hospitalization in several areas of medicine. In Portugal, we are now starting to think about its implementation in Psychiatry, given the positive experience of its use in other countries. Objectives Understand the advantages and disadvantages of a home hospitalization model and its logistical and clinical framework in an integrated community-focused care model. Methods We performed a literature review using Pubmed databases and UpToDate on home hospitalization, inpatient care and community-focused care model Results We have found reports of centers with experience in home hospitalization in Psychiatry, but there is still a notable lack of studies in this area. There is a discrepancy between the care needs of patients and the existence of community services for the treatment of mental illness. Home hospitalization is considered when there is partial remission of the symptomatology that motivated the hospitalization. Albeit demanding inclusion criteria limit eligible patients, there are several advantages with this hospitalization model: 1) it favors agility in the transition from hospital to home, with direct observation of contextual factors that may influence psychiatric decompensation, 2) integrates the patient in his natural environment, promoting his autonomy,; 3) allows psychoeducation of the family; 3) guarantees the continuity of the therapeutic process initiated in the hospital, 4) optimizes resources and cost-effectiveness, 5) prevents relapses and the “revolving-door “phenomenon. Conclusions We have found that a model of home hospitalization is a valuable element that should be included in an integrated system of psychiatric care. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Sousa M, Welter M, Machado E, Tonet G, Campos L, Nesi-França S, Picheth G, Rego F. Research Article Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (<i>CTLA-4</i>) rs231775 and rs5792909 polymorphisms are not associated with adult- and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in a Southern Brazilian population. Genet Mol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr18817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Machado E, Almeida F, Neto C, Barbosa R, Sogame L, Oliveira J, Pinto H, Duarte S, Vieira L. External causes in women assisted by the Mobile Emergency Service - SAMU, in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
External causes are events that lead to traumas, injuries and any health problems, whether deliberate or not, with sudden onset and with immediate consequence, which may or may not lead to death or incapacitating injuries. Studies show that the main causes of death of women in fertile period are external causes, and they associate this fact with the change in habits and lifestyle adopted by this group in modern times that make them more vulnerable to the risks of becoming ill or dying from such causes. The objective of this study is precisely to analyze the prevalence of the main external causes in women assisted by SAMU 192 in Espírito Santo, Brazil, and in this way, assist in the development of accident and violence prevention strategies and also contribute to the scientific society through the description of the profile epidemiological profile of these events.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of primary care provided by SAMU 192, in the state of Espírito Santo, in 2015, in which only women victims of traffic accidents, aggression or falls were selected.
Results
Among the women assisted by SAMU 192, 23.5% were victims of accidents and violence. Of this total, 48.6% received assistance for falls, 46.6% for traffic accidents and 4.9% for aggression. Adulthood was the most frequent, with an average age of 44.9 ± 22.7 years.
Conclusions
External causes involving women represent a major problem in Brazil and worldwide. In Espírito Santo, falling was the most common type of external cause and mainly affected the elderly woman, while the traffic accident mainly affected the adult woman. As for the aggressions, these occurred mainly at night with association with the use of alcoholic beverages. Thus, it is immensely necessary to develop actions to promote and prevent external causes of harm to women's health in the state of Espírito Santo.
Key messages
Knowing what affects the most women's health in an emerging country like Brazil, is essential for public policy actions aimed at reducing the femininity, sexism and the death of women in general. Violence against women is an underreported event because of several factors, leading to the concealment of violence, emphasizing once again the importance of public policies for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Machado
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
| | - F Almeida
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
| | - C Neto
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
| | - R Barbosa
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
| | - L Sogame
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
| | - J Oliveira
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
| | - H Pinto
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
| | - S Duarte
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
| | - L Vieira
- Urgency and Emergency Department, EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
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Lin YT, Burritt TH, Claessens C, Holman G, Kallander M, Machado E, Minter LI, Ostertag R, Parno DS, Pedersen J, Peterson DA, Robertson RGH, Smith EB, Van Wechel TD, Vizcaya Hernández AP. Beta Decay of Molecular Tritium. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:222502. [PMID: 32567890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.222502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The beta decay of tritium in the form of molecular T_{2} is the basis of sensitive experiments to measure neutrino mass. The final-state electronic, vibrational, and rotational excitations modify the beta spectrum significantly and are obtained from theory. We report measurements of the branching ratios to specific ionization states for the isotopolog HT. Two earlier, concordant measurements gave branching ratios of HT to the bound HHe^{+} ion of 89.5% and 93.2%, in sharp disagreement with the theoretical prediction of 55%-57%, raising concerns about the theory's reliability in neutrino mass experiments. Our result, 56.5(6)%, is compatible with the theoretical expectation and disagrees strongly with the previous measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Lin
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T H Burritt
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C Claessens
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Holman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Kallander
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E Machado
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L I Minter
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Ostertag
- Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D S Parno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Pedersen
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D A Peterson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R G H Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E B Smith
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T D Van Wechel
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A P Vizcaya Hernández
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Ribeiro TG, Novais Â, Rodrigues C, Nascimento R, Freitas F, Machado E, Peixe L. Dynamics of clonal and plasmid backgrounds of Enterobacteriaceae producing acquired AmpC in Portuguese clinical settings over time. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:650-656. [PMID: 30878669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to provide detailed molecular data on clinically acquired AmpC (qAmpC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae from two different periods (2002-2008 and 2010-2013) in order to clarify the contribution of clonal and plasmid genetic platforms for the current epidemiological scenario concerning extended-spectrum beta-lactams resistance. METHODS We analysed 1246 Enterobacteriaceae non-susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins from two hospitals and one community laboratory between 2010 and 2013. Bacterial identification, antibiotic susceptibility, identification of qAmpC and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, clonal (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)) and plasmid (S1-/I-CeuI-PFGE, replicon typing, hybridization) analysis were performed by standard methods. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in two ST11-Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harbouring DHA-1. RESULTS The occurrence of qAmpC was lower (2.6%) than that observed in a previous survey (7.4%), and varied slightly over time. Isolates produced DHA-1 (53%), CMY-2 (44%) or DHA-6 (3%), but significant epidemiological changes were observed in the two surveys. While DHA-1 persisted in different institutions by selection of a worldwide epidemic IncR plasmid in an ST11 harbouring KL105, CMY-2 rates increased over time linked to IncI1 plasmids (instead of IncK or IncA/C2) in multiple Escherichia coli clones. CONCLUSIONS The higher frequency of DHA-1 qAmpC in these species contrasts with the scenario in most European countries. Furthermore, the different genetic backgrounds associated with either extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or acquired AmpC β-lactamases (qAmpC) in our country might have contributed to their differential expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Ribeiro
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Â Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Rodrigues
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Nascimento
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Freitas
- Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
| | - E Machado
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS/CEBIMED. Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Machado E, Gelinski J, Baratto CM, Borges EM, A. Vicente V, M. F. Nascimento M, Fonseca GG. Technological Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides: a Systematic Review. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zeoula L, Calvo Agustinho B, Machado E, Woruby Santos N, Henri Yoshimura E, Maciero Bragatto J, Luiz Pratti Daniel J, Toshimi Matumoto Pintro P. PSXIII-30 Evaluation of corn silage with addition of spent substrate from cultivation of white rot mushroom. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Zeoula
- State University of Maringá, Maringá,Brazil
| | | | - E Machado
- State University of Maringá, Maringá,Brazil
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Machado E, Machado P, Wandscher V, Marchionatti A, Zanatta F, Kaizer O. A systematic review of different substance injection and dry needling for treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:1420-1432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cooper AL, Kelly KJ, Machado E, Pogrebnyak I, Surbrook J, Tysor C, Thompson P, Emamian M, Walsh B, Carlin B, Dermigny JR, Champagne AE, Clegg TB. Development of a variable-energy, high-intensity, pulsed-mode ion source for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:083301. [PMID: 30184718 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary challenge in directly measuring nuclear reaction rates near stellar energies is their small cross sections. The signal-to-background ratio in these complex experiments can be significantly improved by employing high-current (mA-range) beams and novel detection techniques. Therefore, the electron cyclotron resonance ion source at the Laboratory for Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics underwent a complete upgrade of its acceleration column and microwave system to obtain high-intensity, pulsed proton beams. The new column uses a compression design with O-ring seals for vacuum integrity. Its voltage gradient between electrode sections is produced by the parallel resistance of channels of chilled, deionized water. It also incorporates alternating, transverse magnetic fields for electron suppression and an axially adjustable beam extraction system. Following this upgrade, the operational bremsstrahlung radiation levels and high-voltage stability of the source were vastly improved, over 3.5 mA of target beam current was achieved, and an order-of-magnitude increase in normalized brightness was measured. Beam optics calculations, structural design, and further performance results for this source are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Cooper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - K J Kelly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - E Machado
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - I Pogrebnyak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - J Surbrook
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - C Tysor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - P Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - M Emamian
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA
| | - B Walsh
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA
| | - B Carlin
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA
| | - J R Dermigny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - A E Champagne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
| | - T B Clegg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA
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Yoshimura E, Santos N, Machado E, Agustinho B, Pereira L, de Aguiar S, Franzolin R, Gasparino E, dos Santos G, Zeoula L. Effects of dairy cow diets supplied with flaxseed oil and propolis extract, with or without vitamin E, on the ruminal microbiota, biohydrogenation, and digestion. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ribeiro TG, Gonçalves BR, da Silva MS, Novais Â, Machado E, Carriço JA, Peixe L. Citrobacter portucalensis sp. nov., isolated from an aquatic sample. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3513-3517. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gonçalves Ribeiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Gonçalves
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiologia and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mickael Santos da Silva
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiologia and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ângela Novais
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Machado
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- FP-ENAS/CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - João André Carriço
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiologia and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Ribeiro TG, Clermont D, Branquinho R, Machado E, Peixe L, Brisse S. Citrobacter europaeus sp. nov., isolated from water and human faecal samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:170-173. [PMID: 27902229 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains 97/79T and A121, recovered respectively from human faeces and well water, were compared to currently known species of the genus Citrobacter using genotypic and phenotypic approaches. Multilocus sequence analysis based on housekeeping genes fusA, leuS, pyrG, rpoB and recN, showed that the two strains formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Citrobacter. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strains 97/79T and A121 was 99.2 %, whereas ANI values of strain 97/79T with the type strains of closely related species of the genus Citrobacter, C. werkmanii, C. braakii, C. freundii, C. youngae and C. pasteurii, were all below 93.0 %. The ability to metabolize different compounds also discriminated strains 97/79T and A121 from other species of the genus Citrobacter. Based on these results, strains 97/79T and A121 represent a novel species of the genus Citrobacter, for which the name Citrobacter europaeus sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 97/79T (=CIP 106467T=DSM 103031T) as the type strain. The DNA G+C content of strain 97/79T is 52.0 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa G Ribeiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Raquel Branquinho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Machado
- FP-ENAS/CEBIMED. Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3525, Paris, France
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Barreto MS, Rosa RA, Seballos VG, Machado E, Valandro LF, Kaizer OB, Só M, Bier C. Effect of Intracanal Irrigants on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Cemented With a Self-adhesive Resin Cement. Oper Dent 2016; 41:e159-e167. [PMID: 27603176 DOI: 10.2341/15-246-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five intracanal irrigants on bond strength of fiber posts cemented with newer self-adhesive resin cement. METHODS A total of 60 extracted, single-rooted human premolars, sectioned at 14 mm, were prepared with the ProTaper Universal system with a size F3 instrument and filled with an F3 master cone and AH Plus. The root canal filling was partially removed, leaving 4 mm of apical gutta-percha. Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n=12), according to the solution used for dentin surface treatment before fiber post cementation, as follows: EDTA 17% (EDTA); QMix (QM); SmearClear (SC); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 0.9% saline solution (SS). Ultrasonic activation was performed (three times, 20 seconds each), and root canals were dried with paper points. Fiber posts were cemented with RelyX U200. In one specimen per group, rhodamine B dye was mixed with RelyX U200 to provide adequate fluorescence for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assessment. Specimens were transversally sectioned and three slices were obtained, one for each root third. Next, a push-out test was performed. A stereomicroscope and CLSM were used to analyze the failure modes and to illustrate the pattern of infiltration of RelyX U200 into dentinal tubules, respectively. Bond strength means were calculated, and analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS SS showed the highest mean bond strength values (11.5±5.3), superior to QM (5.1±3.1) and SC (5.1±3.3). NaOCl presented intermediary bond strength values (9.7±5.0), similar to EDTA (7.7±2.9) and SS. QM and SC showed the lowest mean bond strength (p<0.05). Adhesive failures between cement/dentin were predominant (53.9%). CONCLUSION SS and NaOCl associated with ultrasonic activation seem to be adequate solutions for root canal cleaning before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cement, whereas chelating solutions, such as EDTA, QM, and SC, cause a decrease in bond strength.
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Rodrigues C, Bavlovič J, Machado E, Amorim J, Peixe L, Novais Â. KPC-3-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Portugal Linked to Previously Circulating Non-CG258 Lineages and Uncommon Genetic Platforms (Tn4401d-IncFIA and Tn4401d-IncN). Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1000. [PMID: 27446040 PMCID: PMC4923139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KPC-3-producing bacteria are endemic in many countries but only recently became apparent their wide distribution in different Portuguese hospitals. The aim of this study is to characterize genetic backgrounds associated with bla KPC-3 among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recently identified on non-hospitalized patients in Portugal. Twenty KPC-producing K. pneumoniae identified between October 2014 and November 2015 in three different community laboratories were characterized. Isolates were mainly from patients from long-term care facilities (n = 11) or nursing homes (n = 6), most of them (75%) previously hospitalized in different Portuguese hospitals. Standard methods were used for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Carbapenemase production was assessed by the Blue-Carba test, and identification of bla genes was performed by PCR and sequencing. Epidemiological features of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae included population structure (XbaI-PFGE, MLST and wzi sequencing), genetic context (mapping of Tn4401), and plasmid (replicon typing, S1-PFGE, and hybridization) analysis. All K. pneumoniae isolates produced KPC-3, with two MDR K. pneumoniae epidemic clones representing 75% of the isolates, namely ST147 (wzi64/K14.64, February-November 2015) and ST15 (two lineages exhibiting capsular types wzi19/K19 or wzi93/K60, July-November 2015). Other sporadic clones were detected: ST231 (n = 3; wzi104), ST348 (n = 1; wzi94) and ST109 (n = 1, wzi22/K22.37). bla KPC-3 was identified within Tn4401d in all isolates, located in most cases (80%) on cointegrated plasmids (repA FIA+repA FII+ori ColE1;105-250 kb) or in 50 kb IncN plasmids. In conclusion, this study highlights a polyclonal structure of KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae and the predominance of the ST147 clone among non-hospitalized patients in Portugal, linked to platforms still unnoticed in Europe (bla KPC-3-Tn4401d-IncFIA) or firstly reported (bla KPC-3-Tn4401d-IncN). This scenario underlines the recent penetration of successful mobile genetic elements in previously circulating MDR K. pneumoniae lineages (mainly ST147 and ST15) in Portugal, rather than the importation of the global lineages from clonal group 258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodrigues
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Jan Bavlovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles UniversityPrague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of DefenseBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabete Machado
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; FP-ENAS/CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando PessoaPorto, Portugal
| | - José Amorim
- Botelho Moniz Análises Clínicas Santo Tirso, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Porto, Portugal
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Silveira D, Marcolino M, Alkmim M, Ferreira C, Machado E, Couto B, Resende E, Antunes A, Ribeiro A. PM231 Tele-Hypertension: Development and Evaluation of a Decision Support System for Hypertension Care in Brazilian Primary Care Centers. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ribeiro TG, Novais Â, Peixe L, Machado E. Atypical epidemiology of CTX-M-15 among Enterobacteriaceae from a high diversity of non-clinical niches in Angola: Table 1. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1169-73. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rodrigues C, Machado E, Fernandes S, Peixe L, Novais Â. An update on faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae by Portuguese healthy humans: detection of theH30 subclone of B2-ST131Escherichia coliproducing CTX-M-27: Table 1. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1120-2. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rosich Andreu S, Moreno Muñoz G, Marin Corral J, Machado E, Sanchez R, Vilanova À, Olono M, Bodí MA, Rodríguez AH, Sandiumenge Camps A. Urinary and serum benzodiazepine determinations and its correlation with the sedation wakening in critical care patients. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796252 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Rodrigues C, Machado E, Pires J, Ramos H, Novais Â, Peixe L. Increase of widespread A, B1 and D Escherichia coli clones producing a high diversity of CTX-M-types in a Portuguese hospital. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1125-31. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aim: To characterize temporal shifts in extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and clones of clinical Escherichia coli isolates. Materials & methods: All ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from a Portuguese hospital (n = 112; June 2006–June 2007 and January–December 2010) were characterized by identification of phylogenetic groups, ESBL-types and virulence genes, XbaI-PFGE and MLST. Results: We observed a substantial increase in widespread E. coli clones from phylogroups A, B1 and D (e.g., ST10, ST23, ST117, ST155, ST648) producing mainly CTX-M-1, -14, -32 or SHV-12, along with a decrease in the proportion of the predominant CTX-M-15-producing B2-ST131 clone. Conclusion: The amplification of diverse CTX-M-producing A, B1 and D clonal complexes, which have been long identified in Portuguese nonclinical settings, unveils a role for these reservoirs in the landscape of ESBL-producing E. coli in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodrigues
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Machado
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CEBIMED/FP-ENAS, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pires
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ramos
- Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Nazareth N, Magro F, Machado E, Ribeiro TG, Martinho A, Rodrigues P, Alves R, Macedo GN, Gracio D, Coelho R, Abreu C, Appelberg R, Dias C, Macedo G, Bull T, Sarmento A. Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Escherichia coli in blood samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 204:681-92. [PMID: 25994082 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) have been implicated as primary triggers in Crohn's disease (CD). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of MAP and E. coli (EC) DNA in peripheral blood from 202 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients at various disease periods and compared against 24 cirrhotic patients with ascites (CIR) (non-IBD controls) and 29 healthy controls (HC). MAP DNA was detected by IS900-specific nested PCR, EC DNA by malB-specific nested PCR and AIEC identity, in selected samples, by sequencing of fimH gene. CD patients with active disease showed the highest MAP DNA prevalence among IBD patients (68 %). Infliximab treatment resulted in decreased MAP detection. CIR patients had high individual and coinfection rates (75 % MAP, 88 % EC and 67 % MAP and EC), whilst HC controls had lower MAP prevalence (38 %) and EC was undetectable in this control group. EC DNA prevalence in IBD patients was highly associated with CD, and 80 % of EC from the selected samples of CD patients analyzed carried the fimH30 allele, with a mutation strongly associated with AIEC. Our results show that coinfection with MAP and AIEC is common and persistent in CD, although the high MAP and EC detection in CIR patients suggested that colonization is, at least, partially dependent on increased gut permeability. Nevertheless, facilitative mechanisms between a susceptible host and these two potential human pathogens may allow their implication in CD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Nazareth
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP -Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Machado
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves Ribeiro
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Martinho
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
- Infection and Immunity Unit, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Alves
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Nuno Macedo
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Gracio
- Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP -Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Coelho
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Candida Abreu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- Nephrology Research and Development Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Appelberg
- Infection and Immunity Unit, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila Dias
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tim Bull
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Amélia Sarmento
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal.
- Infection and Immunity Unit, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal.
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Rodrigues C, Machado E, Ramos H, Peixe L, Novais Â. Expansion of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitalized patients: a successful story of international clones (ST15, ST147, ST336) and epidemic plasmids (IncR, IncFIIK). Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:1100-8. [PMID: 25190354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize by a multi-level approach extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates other than E. coli from Portuguese hospitals. Eighty-eight ESBL-producing clinical isolates (69 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 13 Enterobacter cloacae complex, 3 Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 Enterobacter asburiae, 1 Proteus mirabilis and 1 Serratia marcescens) recovered from hospitals located in the North (A) or Centre (B, C) regions during two time periods (2006-7 and 2010) were analyzed. Standard methods were used for bacterial identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, ESBL characterization, clonal (PFGE, MLST) and plasmid (S1-PFGE, I-CeuI-PFGE, replicon typing, hybridization) analysis. Isolates produced mostly CTX-M-15 (47%) or SHV-12 (30%), and less frequently other SHV- (15%; SHV-2, -5, -28, -55, -106) or TEM- (9%; TEM-10, -24, -199)-types, with marked local and temporal variations. The increase of CTX-M-15 and diverse SHV ESBL-types observed in Hospital A was associated with the amplification of multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae epidemic clones (ST15, ST147, ST336). SHV-12 and TEM-type ESBLs were mostly identified in diverse isolates of different Enterobacteriaceae species in Hospitals B and C in 2006-7. Particular plasmid types were linked to blaCTX-M-15 (IncR or non-typeable plasmids), blaSHV-12 (IncR or IncHI2), blaSHV-28/-55/-106 (IncFIIK1 or IncFIIK5), blaTEM-10 (IncL/M) or blaTEM-24 (IncA/C), mostly in epidemic clones. In our country, the amplification of CTX-M-15 and diverse SHV-type ESBL among non-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae is linked to international MDR K. pneumoniae clones (ST15, ST147, ST336) and plasmid types (IncR, IncFIIK). Furthermore, we highlight the potential of IncFIIK plasmids (here firstly associated with blaSHV-2/-28/-55/-106) to disseminate as antibiotic resistance plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED/FP-ENAS, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Machado
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED/FP-ENAS, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ramos
- Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Hospital Geral de Santo António, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Novais
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Freitas F, Machado E, Ribeiro TG, Novais Â, Peixe L. Long-term dissemination of acquired AmpC β-lactamases among Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli in Portuguese clinical settings. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 33:551-8. [PMID: 24096741 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence, diversity and molecular epidemiology of genes coding for acquired AmpC β-lactamases (qAmpC) among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae lacking inducible chromosomal AmpCs in Portugal. A total of 675 isolates non-susceptible to broad-spectrum cephalosporins obtained from four hospitals and three community laboratories during a 7-year period (2002-2008) were analysed. The presence of genes coding for qAmpC was investigated by phenotypic criteria, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Bacterial identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, conjugation assays and clonal analysis were performed by standard procedures. The presence of bla(qAmpC) genes was detected in 50 % (50/100; 41 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 5 Escherichia coli, 4 Klebsiella oxytoca) of the presumptive qAmpC producers. DHA-1, detected in those species, was the most prevalent qAmpC (94 %, 47/50), being identified since 2003 and throughout the studied period in different institutions. Despite the high clonal diversity observed, three DHA-1-producing Klebsiella spp. clones were more frequently identified. CMY-2 (6 %, 3/50) was observed in B1-E. coli clones. Conjugative transfer was only observed in one (2 %) CMY-2-producing isolate. Most qAmpC producers (94 %, 47/50) co-expressed SHV-type and/or OXA-1 or CTX-M-32 extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of the molecular epidemiology and the long-term dissemination of qAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Portuguese clinical settings, highlighting an evolution towards a more complex epidemiological situation regarding cephalosporin resistance in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Freitas
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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Rodrigues C, Novais Â, Machado E, Peixe L. Detection of VIM-34, a novel VIM-1 variant identified in the intercontinental ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae clone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:274-5. [PMID: 23934739 PMCID: PMC7314032 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Rodrigues C, Machado E, Peixe L, Novais A. IncI1/ST3 and IncN/ST1 plasmids drive the spread of blaTEM-52 and blaCTX-M-1/-32 in diverse Escherichia coli clones from different piggeries. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2245-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Machado E, Coque TM, Cantón R, Sousa JC, Peixe L. Commensal Enterobacteriaceae as reservoirs of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, integrons, and sul genes in Portugal. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:80. [PMID: 23579192 PMCID: PMC3619534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria colonizing the human intestine have a relevant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy humans from Portugal and analyzed the distribution of sul genes and class 1 and 2 integrons. Faecal samples (n = 113) were recovered from healthy persons (North/Centre of Portugal, 2001-2004) and plated on MacConkey agar with and without ceftazidime (1 mg/L) or cefotaxime (1 mg/L). Isolates representing different morphotypes/plate and antibiotic susceptibility patterns (n = 201) were selected. Isolates resistant to sulfonamides and/or streptomycin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim were screened (PCR and sequencing) for sul genes (sul1, sul2, sul3) and class 1 and 2 integrons. Presence of ESBLs was inferred using the double disk synergy test (DDST) and further confirmed by PCR and sequencing. ESBL producers were selected for clonal analysis, plasmid characterization and conjugation assays by standard methods. ESBL-producing isolates were found in 1.8% (2/113) of samples, corresponding to Escherichia coli of phylogroups A (n = 1) and B1 (n = 1) carrying transferable bla CTX-M-14 and the new bla TEM-153, respectively. A 80kb IncK plasmid bearing bla CTX-M-14 was found, being highly related to that widely spread among CTX-M-14 producers of humans and animals from Portugal and other European countries. sul genes were found in 88% (22/25; sul2-60%, sul1-48%, sul3-4%) of the sulfonamide resistant isolates. Class 1 integrons were more frequently found than class 2 (7%, 14/201 vs. 3%, 6/201). Interestingly, gene cassette arrangements within these platforms were identical to those commonly observed among Enterobacteriaceae from Portuguese food-producing animals, although aadA13 is here firstly described in Morganella morganii. These results reinforce the relevance of human commensal flora as reservoir of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes including bla ESBLs, and highly transferable genetic platforms as IncK epidemic plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Machado
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
- CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando PessoaPorto, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain
| | - João C. Sousa
- CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando PessoaPorto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
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Machado E, Caiaffa W, Cesar CC, Gomes I, Andrade E, Acurcio F, Cherchiglia M. P1-227 Factors associated with renal transplantation and mortality in patients with terminal chronic renal disease in Brazil, 2000-2003. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976e.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Machado E, Silveira M, Silveira VM. P1-334 Use of weight-loss drugs in Southern Brazil: a population based study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976f.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Macedo AS, Freitas AR, Abreu C, Machado E, Peixe L, Sousa JC, Novais C. Characterization of antibiotic resistant enterococci isolated from untreated waters for human consumption in Portugal. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 145:315-9. [PMID: 21145609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Untreated drinking water is frequently overlooked as a source of antibiotic resistance in developed countries. To gain further insight on this topic, we isolated the indicator bacteria Enterococcus spp. from water samples collected in wells, fountains and natural springs supplying different communities across Portugal, and characterized their antibiotic resistance profile with both phenotypic and genetic approaches. We found various rates of resistance to seven antibiotic families. Over 50% of the isolates were resistant to at least ciprofloxacin, tetracyclines or quinupristin-dalfopristin and 57% were multidrug resistant to ≥3 antibiotics from different families. Multiple enterococcal species (E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. hirae, E. casseliflavus and other Enterococcus spp) from different water samples harbored genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines, erythromycin or gentamicin [tet(M)-46%, tet(L)-14%, tet(S)-5%, erm(B)-22%, aac(6´)-Ie-aph(2″)-12%] and putative virulence factors [gel-28%, asa1-16%]. The present study positions untreated drinking water within the spectrum of ecological niches that may be reservoirs of or vehicles for antibiotic resistant enterococci/genes. These findings are worthy of attention as spread of antibiotic resistant enterococci to humans and animals through water ingestion cannot be dismissed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Macedo
- CEBIMED, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia 256, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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Machado E, Kandzia S, Carilho R, Altevogt P, Conradt HS, Costa J. N-Glycosylation of total cellular glycoproteins from the human ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cell line and of recombinantly expressed human erythropoietin. Glycobiology 2010; 21:376-86. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Buendía GM, Machado E, Rikvold PA. Effect of CO desorption and coadsorption with O on the phase diagram of a Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model for the catalytic oxidation of CO. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:184704. [PMID: 19916620 DOI: 10.1063/1.3262306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the effect of coadsorption of CO and O on a Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model with CO desorption for the reaction CO + O --> CO(2) on a catalytic surface. Coadsorption of CO at a surface site already occupied by an O is introduced by an Eley-Rideal-type mechanism that occurs with probability p, 0 < or = p < or = 1. We find that besides the well-known effect of eliminating the second-order phase transition between the reactive state and an O-poisoned state, the coadsorption step has a profound effect on the transition between the reactive state and the CO-poisoned state. The coexistence curve between these two states terminates at a critical value k(c) of the desorption rate k, which now depends on p. Our Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis indicate that k(c) decreases with increasing values of p. For p = 1, there appears to be a sharp phase transition between the two states only for k at (or near) zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Buendía
- Department of Physics, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080, Venezuela.
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Carvalho AS, Harduin-Lepers A, Magalhães A, Machado E, Mendes N, Costa LT, Matthiesen R, Almeida R, Costa J, Reis CA. Differential expression of alpha-2,3-sialyltransferases and alpha-1,3/4-fucosyltransferases regulates the levels of sialyl Lewis a and sialyl Lewis x in gastrointestinal carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 42:80-9. [PMID: 19781661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a expression depends on sialyltransferases and fucosyltransferases. In this study, we screened for major variations of sialyltransferases and fucosyltransferases involved in the synthesis and regulation of sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a epitopes in gastrointestinal carcinoma cells. Our results show that expression of ST3Gal IV in several gastrointestinal cell lines is correlated with the expression of sialyl Lewis x at the cell surface. ST3Gal IV overexpressed in the gastric MKN45 cell line, showed exclusive enzymatic activity towards glycoproteins containing terminal Galbeta1-4GlcNAc structure. On the other hand, when ST3Gal III was overexpressed in MKN45, an increase in the expression levels of both sialyl Lewis epitopes was observed. ST3Gal III and ST3Gal IV lead to de novo synthesis of sialyl Lewis x determinant on different molecular weight glycoproteins of MKN45 cells suggesting that each enzyme used different substrates within the available glycoproteome. The final glycosylation step in sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a biosynthesis in MKN45 cell line was shown to be associated to FUT5, which efficiently fucosylated sialyl Lewis precursors on glycoproteins. Moreover we demonstrate that the expression of sialyl Lewis epitopes in the MKN45 was induced by cell confluence, which can be regarded as a model to study altered glycosylation during tumour progression. This increase was observed together with an increase in mRNA levels of ST3GAL3, FUT5 and FUT6, and a decrease in FUT4 transcript levels in MKN45 confluent cells, suggesting a possible control at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Carvalho
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Fontenele M, Carneiro K, Agrellos R, Oliveira D, Oliveira-Silva A, Vieira V, Negreiros E, Machado E, Araujo H. The Ca2+-dependent protease Calpain A regulates Cactus/I kappaB levels during Drosophila development in response to maternal Dpp signals. Mech Dev 2009; 126:737-51. [PMID: 19442719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of NF kappaB activity is central to many processes during development and disease. Activation of NF kappaB family members depends on degradation of inhibitory I kappaB proteins. In Drosophila, a nuclear gradient of the NF kappaB/c-rel protein Dorsal subdivides the embryonic dorsal-ventral axis, defining the extent and location of mesodermal and ectodermal territories. Activation of the Toll pathway directs Dorsal nuclear translocation by inducing proteosomal degradation of the I kappaB homologue Cactus. Another mechanism that impacts on Dorsal activation involves the Toll-independent pathway, which regulates constitutive Cactus degradation. We have shown that the BMP protein Decapentaplegic (Dpp) inhibits Cactus degradation independent of Toll. Here we report on a novel element of this pathway: the calcium-dependent protease Calpain A. Calpain A knockdowns increase Cactus levels, shifting the Dorsal gradient and dorsal-ventral patterning. As shown for mammalian I kappaB, this effect requires PEST sequences in the Cactus C-terminus, implying a conserved role for calpains. Alteration of Calpain A or dpp results in similar effects on Dorsal target genes. Epistatic analysis confirms Calpain A activity is regulated by Dpp, indicating that Dpp signals increase Cactus levels through Calpain A inhibition, thereby interfering with Dorsal activation. This mechanism may allow coordination of Toll, BMP and Ca(2+) signals, conferring precision to Dorsal-target expression domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fontenele
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Machado E, Coque TM, Canton R, Sousa JC, Silva D, Ramos M, Rocha J, Ferreira H, Peixe L. Leakage into Portuguese aquatic environments of extended-spectrum- -lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 63:616-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cantón R, Novais A, Valverde A, Machado E, Peixe L, Baquero F, Coque TM. Prevalence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14 Suppl 1:144-53. [PMID: 18154538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) represent a major threat among resistant bacterial isolates. The first types described were derivatives of the TEM-1, TEM-2 and SHV-1 enzymes during the 1980s in Europe, mainly in Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with nosocomial outbreaks. Nowadays, they are mostly found among Escherichia coli isolates in community-acquired infections, with an increasing occurrence of CTX-M enzymes. The prevalence of ESBLs in Europe is higher than in the USA but lower than in Asia and South America. However, important differences among European countries have been observed. Spread of mobile genetic elements, mainly epidemic plasmids, and the dispersion of specific clones have been responsible for the increase in ESBL-producing isolates, such as those with TEM-4, TEM-24, TEM-52, SHV-12, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-32 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
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Machado E, Coque TM, Cantón R, Sousa JC, Peixe L. Antibiotic resistance integrons and extended-spectrum -lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from chickens and swine in Portugal. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:296-302. [PMID: 18456652 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Machado
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Machado E, Coque TM, Cantón R, Novais A, Sousa JC, Baquero F, Peixe L. High diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Portugal. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:1370-4. [PMID: 17913717 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the occurrence and the diversity of Ambler class A ESBLs among Enterobacteriaceae from different Portuguese clinical settings over a 2 year period (2002-04). METHODS One hundred and nine extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from five geographically distant health institutions in Portugal were studied. ESBLs were characterized by isoelectric focussing, PCR and further sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, transfer of resistance genes and clonal diversity were determined by standard procedures. Plasmid relatedness was established by comparison of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns. RESULTS ESBLs were identified as TEM (46%), SHV (30%), CTX-M (22%) and GES (2%) types; TEM-24, TEM-52, SHV-12 and CTX-M-15 enzymes being the most frequently found. Inter-hospital dissemination of epidemic strains harbouring the most prevalent ESBLs was detected, including the TEM-24-producing Enterobacter aerogenes European epidemic clone. Conjugative transfer of ESBLs was achieved for 67% of isolates and epidemic plasmids containing specific bla genes were detected (bla(CTX-M-15) and bla(TEM-24)). We describe two new ESBLs, SHV-90 (A187T, G238S and E240K) and SHV-91 (P20S and E240K), and a new TEM-type enzyme conferring a phenotype resembling that of a complex mutant TEM beta-lactamase, designated as TEM-154 (M69L and R164S). The broad-spectrum beta-lactamases SHV-26, SHV-36 and TEM-110 were first observed in our country. CONCLUSIONS We describe a complex ESBL epidemiology in Portugal, including widespread dissemination of known strains and plasmids coding for TEM-24 and CTX-M-15 enzymes as observed in other European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Machado
- REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Machado E, Ferreira J, Novais A, Peixe L, Cantón R, Baquero F, Coque TM. Preservation of integron types among Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a Spanish hospital over a 15-year period (1988 to 2003). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2201-4. [PMID: 17404002 PMCID: PMC1891394 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01389-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The variable presence of integrons among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae species (0 to 66%) is described. Association between bla(ESBL) and integrons occurred when these are linked to specific ESBL-type genes (In60 bearing ISCR1 and bla(CTX-M-9)) or when ESBL genes were superimposed onto selected plasmids carrying integrons. Some integrons were identical to those found during decades worldwide, illustrating the preservation of the genetic elements carrying them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Machado
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Carretera de Colmenar, km. 9.1. Madrid 28034, Spain
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Novais A, Cantón R, Machado E, Peixe L, Baquero F, Coque T. P1034 International dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase TEM-24 among Enterobacteriaceae species is caused by spread of both epidemic IncA/C2 plasmid and strains. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Machado E, Coque TM, Cantón R, Baquero F, Sousa JC, Peixe L. Dissemination in Portugal of CTX-M-15-, OXA-1-, and TEM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains containing the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, which encodes an aminoglycoside- and fluoroquinolone-modifying enzyme. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:3220-1. [PMID: 16940136 PMCID: PMC1563523 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00473-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Novais A, Cantón R, Valverde A, Machado E, Galán JC, Peixe L, Carattoli A, Baquero F, Coque TM. Dissemination and persistence of blaCTX-M-9 are linked to class 1 integrons containing CR1 associated with defective transposon derivatives from Tn402 located in early antibiotic resistance plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-alpha, and IncFI groups. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2741-50. [PMID: 16870767 PMCID: PMC1538643 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00274-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes the diversity of In60, a class 1 integron bearing CR1 and containing bla(CTX-M-9), and its association with Tn402, Tn21, and classical conjugative plasmids among 45 CTX-M-9-producing clinical strains (41 Escherichia coli strains, 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, 1 Salmonella enterica strain, and 1 Enterobacter cloacae strain). Forty-five patients in a Spanish tertiary care hospital were studied (1996 to 2003). The diversity of In60 and association of In60 with Tn402 or mercury resistance transposons were investigated by overlapping PCR assays and/or hybridization. Plasmid characterization included comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and determination of incompatibility group by PCR-based replicon typing, sequencing, and hybridization. CTX-M-9 plasmids belonged to IncHI2 (n = 26), IncP-1alpha (n = 10), IncFI (n = 4), and IncI (n = 1) groups. Genetic platforms containing bla(CTX-M-9) were classified in six types in relation to the In60 backbone and in eight subtypes in relation to Tn402 derivatives. They were associated with Tn21 sequences when located in IncP-1alpha or IncHI2 plasmids. Our study identified bla(CTX-M-9) in a high diversity of CR1-bearing class 1 integrons linked to different Tn402 derivatives, often to Tn21, highlighting the role of recombination events in the evolution of antibiotic resistance plasmids. The presence of bla(CTX-M-9) on broad-host-range IncP-1alpha plasmids might contribute to its dissemination to hosts that were not members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Novais
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IMSALUD, Madrid 28034, Spain
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Escrevente C, Machado E, Brito C, Reis CA, Stoeck A, Runz S, Marmé A, Altevogt P, Costa J. Different expression levels of alpha3/4 fucosyltransferases and Lewis determinants in ovarian carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Int J Oncol 2006; 29:557-66. [PMID: 16865271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancers in many countries. Fucosylated glycoconjugates have been associated with various carcinomas. In the present study, we have characterized the expression of alpha3/4 fucosyltransferases transcripts and their products, the Lewis carbohydrate determinants, and their in vitro specificity towards synthetic acceptors using ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVM, m130, GG and SKOV3. We found different expression patterns: GG cells expressed mostly Lewisx (Lex), Lewisy (Ley), sLea and Leb, and m130 cells expressed mostly Lex and Ley. The detection was on the plasma membrane and in intracellular vesicles. OVM and SKOV3 cells had very low amounts of staining. From RT-PCR studies, enzyme specificity of cellular extracts towards a panel of synthetic carbohydrate acceptors and Western blot analysis we concluded that Lea, sLea and Leb were synthesised by FUT3, whereas Lex and Ley were synthesized by FUT4 and FUT9 in both cell lines. The GG and m130 cell lines are adequate models to investigate the role of Lex, Ley, sLea and Leb in ovarian carcinoma development.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Female
- Fucose/metabolism
- Fucosyltransferases/genetics
- Fucosyltransferases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lewis Blood Group Antigens/genetics
- Lewis Blood Group Antigens/metabolism
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- C Escrevente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Escrevente C, Machado E, Brito C, Reis C, Stoeck A, Runz S, Marmé A, Altevogt P, Costa J. Different expression levels of α3/4 fucosyltransferases and Lewis determinants in ovarian carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Int J Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.29.3.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Machado E, Cantón R, Baquero F, Galán JC, Rollán A, Peixe L, Coque TM. Integron content of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains over 12 years in a single hospital in Madrid, Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:1823-9. [PMID: 15855502 PMCID: PMC1087637 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.5.1823-1829.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of integrons to the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) was analyzed on all ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from 1988 to 2000 at Ramon y Cajal Hospital. We studied 133 E. coli pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types: (i) 52 ESBL-producing clinical strains (C-ESBL) (16 TEM, 9 SHV, 21 CTX-M-9, 1 CTX-M-14, and 5 CTX-M-10); (ii) 43 non-ESBL blood clinical strains (C-nESBL); and (iii) 38 non-ESBL fecal isolates from healthy volunteers (V-nESBL). Class 1 integrons were more common among C-ESBL (67%) than among C-nESBL (40%) or V-nESBL (26%) (P < 0.001) due to the high number of strains with bla(CTX-M-9), which is linked to an In6-like class 1 integron. Without this bias, class 1 integron occurrence would be similar in C-ESBL and C-nESBL groups (47% versus 40%). Occurrence of class 2 integrons was similar among clinical and community isolates (13 to 18%). No isolates contained class 3 integrons. The relatively low rate of class 1 integrons within transferable elements carrying bla(TEM) (23%) or bla(SHV) (33%) and the absence of class 2 integrons in all ESBL transconjugants mirror the assembly of translocative pieces containing bla(TEM) or bla(SHV) on local available transferable elements lacking integrons. The low diversity of class 1 integrons (seven types recovered in all groups) might indicate a wide dissemination of specific genetic elements in which they are located. In our environment, the spread of genetic elements encoding ESBL has no major impact on the dispersion of integrons, nor do integrons have a major impact on the spread of ESBL, except when bla(ESBL) genes are within an integron platform such as bla(CTX-M-9).
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Gonçalves G, Machado E, Gouveia E, Santos MA, Castro L, Aguas R, Gomes G. Resurgence of pertussis in northern Portugal: two severe cases in very young children. Euro Surveill 2005; 10:E050623.3. [PMID: 16783105 DOI: 10.2807/esw.10.25.02731-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Between December 2004 and March 2005, two cases of pertussis (whooping cough) in unvaccinated infants, both under two months of age
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