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Englerová K, Nemcová R, Bedlovičová Z, Styková E. Antiadhesive, antibiofilm and dispersion activity of biosurfactants isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3/22. CESKA A SLOVENSKA FARMACIE : CASOPIS CESKE FARMACEUTICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE FARMACEUTICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2021; 70:172–178. [PMID: 34875839 DOI: 10.5817/csf2021-5-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to monitor the potential antibiofilm properties of biosurfactants (BS) isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3/22 against biofilm formation of the indicator strain Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4223. In this work, the effect of BS 3/22 on biofilm growth during co-incubation, inhibition of biofilm-forming cell adhesion and biofilm dispersion was studied. BS 3/22 inhibited biofilm formation, with its formation decreasing significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001) with increasing BS 3/22 concentration. BS 3/22 also showed antiadhesive activity, which correlated with the concentration used. The dispersing effect of isolated BS 3/22 on a 24-hour biofilm was also detected. BS 3/22 were effective in biofilm dispersion even at lower concentrations compared to antiadhesive activity and inhibition of biofilm formation.
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Park HJ, Seong HJ, Lee J, Heo L, Sul WJ, Han SW. Two DNA Methyltransferases for Site-Specific 6mA and 5mC DNA Modification in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:621466. [PMID: 33841456 PMCID: PMC8025778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.621466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xe) is a gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial spot disease in tomato/pepper leading to economic losses in plantations. DNA methyltransferases (MTases) are critical for the survival of prokaryotes; however, their functions in phytopathogenic bacteria remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the functions of two putative DNA MTases, XvDMT1 and XvDMT2, in Xe by generating XvDMT1- and XvDMT2-overexpressing strains, Xe(XvDMT1) and Xe(XvDMT2), respectively. Virulence of Xe(XvDMT2), but not Xe(XvDMT1), on tomato was dramatically reduced. To postulate the biological processes involving XvDMTs, we performed a label-free shotgun comparative proteomic analysis, and results suggest that XvDMT1 and XvDMT2 have distinct roles in Xe. We further characterized the functions of XvDMTs using diverse phenotypic assays. Notably, both Xe(XvDMT1) and Xe(XvDMT2) showed growth retardation in the presence of sucrose and fructose as the sole carbon source, with Xe(XvDMT2) being the most severely affected. In addition, biofilm formation and production of exopolysaccharides were declined in Xe(XvDMT2), but not Xe(XvDMT1). Xe(XvDMT2) was more tolerant to EtOH than Xe(XvDMT1), which had enhanced tolerance to sorbitol but decreased tolerance to polymyxin B. Using single-molecule real-time sequencing and methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, we successfully predicted putative motifs methylated by XvDMT1 and XvDMT2, which are previously uncharacterized 6mA and 5mC DNA MTases, respectively. This study provided new insights into the biological functions of DNA MTases in prokaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jee Park
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
- R and D Innovation Center, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hoon Je Seong
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jongchan Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Lynn Heo
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Han
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sang-Wook Han
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Kolář J, Kostřiba J. Specific nature of medicines and value of medicines. CESKA A SLOVENSKA FARMACIE : CASOPIS CESKE FARMACEUTICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE FARMACEUTICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2021; 70:119-126. [PMID: 35045712 DOI: 10.5817/csf2021-4-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Medicines are not ordinary consumer or industrial goods but goods of a specific nature. The article provides an overview of the fundamental characteristics that distinguish medicines from common consumer goods. Another essential attribute of the term medicine is its values (clinical, economic, human), which form a crucial concept of the medicine category.
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104
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Zhao J, Han ML, Zhu Y, Lin YW, Wang YW, Lu J, Hu Y, Tony Zhou Q, Velkov T, Li J. Comparative metabolomics reveals key pathways associated with the synergistic activity of polymyxin B and rifampicin combination against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114400. [PMID: 33387481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii presents a critical challenge to human health worldwide and polymyxins are increasingly used as a last-line therapy. Due to the rapid emergence of resistance during polymyxin monotherapy, synergistic combinations (e.g. with rifampicin) are recommended to treat A. baumannii infections. However, most combination therapies are empirical, owing to a dearth of understanding on the mechanism of synergistic antibacterial killing. In the present study, we employed metabolomics to investigate the synergy mechanism of polymyxin B-rifampicin against A. baumannii AB5075, an MDR clinical isolate. The metabolomes of A. baumannii AB5075 were compared at 1 and 4 h following treatments with polymyxin B alone (0.75 mg/L, i.e. 3 × MIC), rifampicin alone (1 mg/L, i.e. 0.25 × MIC) and their combination. Polymyxin B monotherapy significantly perturbed glycerophospholipid and fatty acid metabolism at 1 h, reflecting its activity on bacterial outer membrane. Rifampicin monotherapy significantly perturbed glycerophospholipid, nucleotide and amino acid metabolism, which are related to the inhibition of RNA synthesis. The combination treatment significantly perturbed the metabolism of nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerophospholipids at 1 and 4 h. Notably, the intermediate metabolite pools from pentose phosphate pathway were exclusively enhanced by the combination, while most metabolites from the nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis pathways were significantly decreased. Overall, the synergistic activity of the combination was initially driven by polymyxin B which impacted pathways associated with outer membrane biogenesis; and subsequent effects were mainly attributed to rifampicin via the inhibition of RNA synthesis. This study is the first to reveal the synergistic killing mechanism of polymyxin-rifampicin combination against polymyxin-susceptible MDR A. baumannii at the network level. Our findings provide new mechanistic insights for optimizing this synergistic combination in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zhao
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Zhu
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Jing Lu
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Yang Hu
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.
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105
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Fan J, Zhang L, He J, Zhao M, Loh B, Leptihn S, Yu Y, Hua X. Plasmid Dynamics of mcr-1-Positive Salmonella spp. in a General Hospital in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:604710. [PMID: 33414775 PMCID: PMC7782425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.604710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important food pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis with more than 600,000 deaths globally every year. Colistin (COL), a last-resort antibiotic, is ineffective in bacteria that carry a functional mcr-1 gene, which is often spread by conjugative plasmids. Our work aimed to understand the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in clinical isolates of Salmonella, as the frequency of occurrence of the mcr-1 gene is increasing globally. Therefore, we analyzed 689 clinical strains, that were isolated between 2009 and late 2018. The mcr-1 gene was found in six strains, which we analyzed in detail by whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing, while we also provide the clinical information on the patients suffering from an infection. The genomic analysis revealed that five strains had plasmid-encoded mcr-1 gene located in four IncHI2 plasmids and one IncI2 plasmid, while one strain had the chromosomal mcr-1 gene originated from plasmid. Surprisingly, in two strains the mcr-1 genes were inactive due to disruption by insertion sequences (ISs): ISApl1 and ISVsa5. A detailed analysis of the plasmids revealed a multitude of ISs, most commonly IS26. The IS contained genes that meditate broad resistance toward most antibiotics underlining their importance of the mobile elements, also with respect to the spread of the mcr-1 gene. Our study revealed potential reservoirs for the transmission of COL resistance and offers insights into the evolution of the mcr-1 gene in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maoying Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Belinda Loh
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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106
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Hua X, Li C, Pogue JM, Sharma VS, Karaiskos I, Kaye KS, Tsuji BT, Bergen PJ, Zhu Y, Song J, Li J. ColistinDose, a Mobile App for Determining Intravenous Dosage Regimens of Colistimethate in Critically Ill Adult Patients: Clinician-Centered Design and Development Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e20525. [PMID: 33325835 PMCID: PMC7748388 DOI: 10.2196/20525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Determining a suitable dose of intravenous colistimethate is challenging because of complicated pharmacokinetics, confusing terminology, and the potential for renal toxicity. Only recently have reliable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data and dosing recommendations for intravenous colistimethate become available. Objective The aim of this work was to develop a clinician-friendly, easy-to-use mobile app incorporating up-to-date dosing recommendations for intravenous colistimethate in critically ill adult patients. Methods Swift programming language and common libraries were used for the development of an app, ColistinDose, on the iPhone operating system (iOS; Apple Inc). The compatibility among different iOS versions and mobile devices was validated. Dosing calculations were based on equations developed in our recent population pharmacokinetic study. Recommended doses generated by the app were validated by comparison against doses calculated manually using the appropriate equations. Results ColistinDose provides 3 major functionalities, namely (1) calculation of a loading dose, (2) calculation of a daily dose based on the renal function of the patient (including differing types of renal replacement therapies), and (3) retrieval of historical calculation results. It is freely available at the Apple App Store for iOS (version 9 and above). Calculated doses accurately reflected doses recommended in patients with varying degrees of renal function based on the published equations. ColistinDose performs calculations on a local mobile device (iPhone or iPad) without the need for an internet connection. Conclusions With its user-friendly interface, ColistinDose provides an accurate and easy-to-use tool for clinicians to calculate dosage regimens of intravenous colistimethate in critically ill patients with varying degrees of renal function. It has significant potential to avoid the prescribing errors and patient safety issues that currently confound the clinical use of colistimethate, thereby optimizing patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Hua
- Independent Researcher, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason M Pogue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Varun S Sharma
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Karaiskos
- 1st Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Hygeia Hospital, Marousi, Greece
| | - Keith S Kaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brian T Tsuji
- Laboratory for Antimicrobial Dynamics, NYS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Phillip J Bergen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Zhu
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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107
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Evolution of Colistin Resistance in the Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex Follows Multiple Evolutionary Trajectories with Variable Effects on Fitness and Virulence Characteristics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.01958-20. [PMID: 33139278 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01958-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to a resurgence in the use of colistin as a last-resort drug. Colistin is a cationic antibiotic that selectively acts on Gram-negative bacteria through electrostatic interactions with anionic phosphate groups of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is mediated through loss of these phosphate groups, their modification by cationic groups, and by the hydroxylation of acyl groups of lipid A. Here, we study the in vitro evolutionary trajectories toward colistin resistance in four clinical K. pneumoniae complex strains and their impact on fitness and virulence characteristics. Through population sequencing during in vitro evolution, we found that colistin resistance develops through a combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions, and the integration of insertion sequence elements, affecting genes associated with LPS biosynthesis and modification and capsule structures. Colistin resistance decreased the maximum growth rate of one K. pneumoniae sensu stricto strain, but not those of the other three K. pneumoniae complex strains. Colistin-resistant strains had lipid A modified through hydroxylation, palmitoylation, and l-Ara4N addition. K. pneumoniae sensu stricto strains exhibited cross-resistance to LL-37, in contrast to the Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola strain. Virulence, as determined in a Caenorhabditis elegans survival assay, was increased in two colistin-resistant strains. Our study suggests that nosocomial K. pneumoniae complex strains can rapidly develop colistin resistance through diverse evolutionary trajectories upon exposure to colistin. This effectively shortens the life span of this last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella.
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108
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Albright V, Penarete-Acosta D, Stack M, Zheng J, Marin A, Hlushko H, Wang H, Jayaraman A, Andrianov AK, Sukhishvili SA. Polyphosphazenes enable durable, hemocompatible, highly efficient antibacterial coatings. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120586. [PMID: 33310537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible antibacterial coatings are highly desirable to prevent bacterial colonization on a wide range of medical devices from hip implants to skin grafts. Traditional polyelectrolytes are unable to directly form coatings with cationic antibiotics at neutral pH and suffer from high degrees of antibiotic release upon exposure to physiological concentrations of salt. Here, novel inorganic-organic hybrid polymer coatings based on direct layer-by-layer assembly of anionic polyphosphazenes (PPzs) of various degrees of fluorination with cationic antibiotics (polymyxin B, colistin, gentamicin, and neomycin) are reported. The coatings displayed low levels of antibiotic release upon exposure to salt and pH-triggered response of controlled doses of antibiotics. Importantly, coatings remained highly surface active against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, even after 30 days of pre-exposure to physiological conditions (bacteria-free) or after repeated bacterial challenge. Moreover, coatings displayed low (<1%) hemolytic activity for both rabbit and porcine blood. Coatings deposited on either hard (Si wafers) or soft (electrospun fiber matrices) materials were non-toxic towards fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) and displayed controllable fibroblast adhesion via PPz fluorination degree. Finally, coatings showed excellent antibacterial activity in ex vivo pig skin studies. Taken together, these results suggest a new avenue to form highly tunable, biocompatible polymer coatings for medical device surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Albright
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Mary Stack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Jeremy Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Hlushko
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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109
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Cheng P, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li F, Li X, Liu H, Ishfaq M, Xu G, Zhang X. Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Profiles of mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine Farms in Heilongjiang Province of China. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2209-2215. [PMID: 32730609 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The emergence and global distribution of the mcr-1 gene for colistin resistance have become a public concern because of threats to the role of colistin as the last line of defense against some bacteria. Because of the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli isolates in food animals, production of these animals has been regarded as one of the major sources of amplification and spread of mcr-1. In this study, 249 E. coli isolates were recovered from 300 fecal samples collected from swine farms in Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China. Susceptibility testing revealed that 186 (74.70%) of these isolates were colistin resistant, and 86 were positive for mcr-1. The mcr-1-positive isolates had extensive antimicrobial resistance profiles and additional resistance genes, including blaTEM, blaCTX-M, aac3-IV, tet(A), floR, sul1, sul2, sul3, and oqxAB. No mutations in genes pmrAB and mgrB were associated with colistin resistance. Phylogenetic group analysis revealed that the mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates belonged to groups A (52.33% of isolates), B1 (33.72%), B2 (5.81%), and D (8.14%). The prevalence of the virulence-associated genes iutA, iroN, fimH, vat, ompA, and traT was moderate. Seven mcr-1-positive isolates were identified as extraintestinal pathogenic. Among 20 mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates, multilocus sequence typing revealed that sequence type 10 was the most common (five isolates). The conjugation assays revealed that the majority of mcr-1 genes were transferable at frequencies of 7.05 × 10-7 to 7.57 × 10-4. The results of this study indicate the need for monitoring and minimizing the further dissemination of mcr-1 among E. coli isolates in food animals, particularly swine. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Pharmacology Teaching and Research Department, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongqing Road, University Town, Huaxi District, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchuan Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulei Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in a multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate from an infant with acute diarrhea in China. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:13-18. [PMID: 33212253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica is a major global concern. Recent findings suggest that colistin as a last resort treatment for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria is seriously threatened by the report of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in China. METHODS A total of 827 S. Typhimurium isolates were recovered from 4 cities of China, including Henan, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Hubei provinces. Subsequently, mcr-1 presence was identified by PCR screening. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution using a 96-well microtiter plate. Plasmid conjugation transfer experiments were conducted using Escherichia coli J53 as the recipient. RESULTS Only one mcr-1 positive strain from the stool sample of an infant with acute diarrhea was isolated. Apart from colistin, the mcr-1-positive isolate showed co-resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, gentamicin, and cefotaxime revealing a multidrug-resistant phenotype. This strain harbored mcr-1 on a 227 kb IncHI2 plasmid, termed pJZ26, which could be transferred to E. coli J53. In addition to mcr-1, pJZ26 coharbored other resistance genes, including aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, fosA, floR, sul2, and blaCTX-M-14. Compared with p2474-MCR1 and pHYEC7-IncHI2, pJZ26 contains an additional 4.6 kb fragment harboring the resistance gene tet(A) and its regulator tetR located on TnAs1 transposable element, which could mediate resistance to tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that the fact the mcr-1-harboring plasmid pJZ26 has a high potential to disseminate the mcr-1 gene and further challenge the clinical treatment.
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111
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Yu XB, Jiao Z, Zhang CH, Dai Y, Zhou ZY, Han L, Wen X, Sheng CC, Lin GY, Pan JY. Population pharmacokinetic and optimization of polymyxin B dosing in adult patients with various renal functions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1869-1877. [PMID: 33002196 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Current FDA-approved label recommends that the dosage of polymyxin B should be adjusted according to renal function. However, the correlation between polymyxin B pharmacokinetics (PK) and creatinine clearance (CrCL) is poor. This study aimed to develop a population PK model of polymyxin B in adult patients with various renal functions and to identify a dosing strategy. METHODS A retrospective PK study was performed in 32 adult patients with various renal function. Nonlinear mixed effects modelling was applied to build a population PK model of polymyxin B followed by Monte Carlo simulations which designed polymyxin B dosing regimens across various renal function. RESULTS Polymyxin B PK analyses included 112 polymyxin B concentrations at steady state from 32 adult patients, in which 71.9% of them were critically ill. In the final PK model, CrCL was the significant covariate on CL (typical value 1.59 L/h; between-subject variability 13%). The mean (SD) individual empirical Bayesian estimate of CL was 1.75 (0.43) L/h. In addition, a new dosing strategy combining the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets and Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the reduction of polymyxin B dose in patients with renal insufficiency improved the probability of achieving optimal exposure. For severe infections caused by organisms with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 2 mg/L, a high daily dose of polymyxin B might be possible for bacterial eradication, but the risk of nephrotoxicity is increased. CONCLUSIONS Renal function plays a significant role in polymyxin B PK, and the dose of polymyxin B should be adjusted according to CrCL in patients with renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ben Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ye Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan-Yang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ye Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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112
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Oktan MA, Heybeli C, Ural C, Kocak A, Bilici G, Cavdar Z, Ozbal S, Arslan S, Yilmaz O, Cavdar C. Alpha-lipoic acid alleviates colistin nephrotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:761-771. [PMID: 33111558 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120966043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Colistin methanesulfonate (CMS), a clinical form of colistin, is widely used as a last-line treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacterial infections in critically ill patients presenting a considerably high mortality rate. However, nephrotoxicity is considered to be a critical adverse effect that limits CMS's clinical use. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a strong antioxidant that is effective in preventing nephrotoxicity in many models. The aim of this study was to investigate ALA's ability to protect against nephrotoxicity induced by colistin in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control group (Control; n = 6), in which isotonic saline was administered to the rats. Group 2 was the ALA group (ALA; n = 6) in which rats received 100 mg/kg ALA. Groups 3 was the CMS (CMS; n = 7) in which 450.000 IU/kg/day of CMS was administered to the rats. Groups 4 was the CMS + ALA group (n = 6), in which rats were injected with 100 mg/kg of ALA 30 min before administration of CMS. All injections were performed intraperitoneally at 1, 4, 7, and 10 days. Urine was collected by using a metabolic cage for 24 h after each administration. The rats were euthanized under ether anesthesia after 24 h of the last administration. Blood and kidney samples then were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. ALA pretreatment could reverse the effects of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity, partly through its suppressing effect on Nox4 and caspase-3, which in turn results in its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect. Therefore, ALA may be an effective strategy for the management of colistin nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Asi Oktan
- Department of Nephrology, 37508Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cihan Heybeli
- Department of Nephrology, 37508Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kocak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Bilici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahide Cavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Ozbal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevki Arslan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Cavdar
- Department of Nephrology, 37508Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Kumar H, Chen BH, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Kaushal A, Nagraik R, Bhatia SK, Dhanjal DS, Kumar V, Kumar A, Upadhyay NK, Verma R, Kumar D. Understanding of Colistin Usage in Food Animals and Available Detection Techniques: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1892. [PMID: 33081121 PMCID: PMC7602861 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the medical profession is determined by the achievements and effectiveness of new antibiotics in the treatment of microbial infections. However, the development of multiple-drug resistance in numerous bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, has limited the treatment options. Due to this resistance, the resurgence of cyclic polypeptide drugs like colistin remains the only option. The drug, colistin, is a well-known growth inhibitor of Gram-negative bacteria like Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Technological advancements have uncovered the role of the mcr-1(mobilized colistin resistance) gene, which is responsible for the development of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which make them distinct from other bacteria without this gene. Additionally, food animals have been determined to be the reservoir for colistin resistance microbes, from which they spread to other hosts. Due to the adverse effects of colistin, many developed countries have prohibited its usage in animal foods, but developing countries are still using colistin in animal food production, thereby imposing a major risk to the public health. Therefore, there is a need for implementation of sustainable measures in livestock farms to prevent microbial infection. This review highlights the negative effects (increased resistance) of colistin consumption and emphasizes the different approaches used for detecting colistin in animal-based foods as well as the challenges associated with its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India; (H.K.); (R.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Manesar, Gurugram-122413, Haryana, India;
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India; (H.K.); (R.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK430AL, UK;
| | - Anil Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India; (H.K.); (R.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Navneet Kumar Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India;
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India;
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, H.P., India; (H.K.); (R.N.); (A.K.)
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114
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Jiang X, Yang K, Han ML, Yuan B, Li J, Gong B, Velkov T, Schreiber F, Wang L, Li J. Outer Membranes of Polymyxin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with Phosphoethanolamine-Modified Lipid A and Lipopolysaccharide Loss Display Different Atomic-Scale Interactions with Polymyxins. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2698-2708. [PMID: 32871077 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the last-line polymyxins is increasingly reported in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii, which develops resistance via either lipid A modification (e.g., with phosphoethanolamine [pEtN]) or even lipopolysaccharide (LPS) loss in the outer membrane (OM). Considering these two different mechanisms, quantitative membrane lipidomics data were utilized to develop three OM models representing polymyxin-susceptible and -resistant A. baumannii strains. Through all-atom molecular simulations with enhanced sampling techniques, the effect of lipid A-pEtN modification and LPS loss on the action of colistin (i.e., polymyxin E) was examined for the first time, with a focus on the dynamics and energetics of colistin penetration into these OMs. Lipid A-pEtN modification improved the OM stability, impeding the penetration of colistin into the OM; this differed from the current literature that lipid A-pEtN modification confers resistance by diminishing the initial interaction with polymyxins. In contrast, the LPS deficiency significantly reduced the negative charges on the OM surface, diminishing the binding of colistin. Moreover, both lipid A-pEtN modification and LPS loss also constituted colistin resistance through disturbing the conformational transitions of the colistin molecule. Collectively, atomic-scale interactions between polymyxins and different bacterial OMs are very different and the findings may facilitate the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against Gram-negative 'superbugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bing Yuan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jingliang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78467, Germany
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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115
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Koutsianos D, Athanasiou LV, Dimitriou T, Nikolaidis M, Tsadila C, Amoutzias G, Mossialos D, Koutoulis KC. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and mcr-1 Detection in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Commercial Layer and Layer Breeder Flocks Demonstrating Colibacillosis in Greece. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:710-720. [PMID: 32955987 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry flocks suffering from colibacillosis in Greece and to detect the presence of the mcr-1 gene in isolates being phenotypically resistant to colistin. Results: A total of 150 E. coli strains were isolated from commercial layers and layer breeder flocks in Greece and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. A high level of susceptibility was revealed for cephalosporins, neomycin, and colistin. Susceptibility varied for other antimicrobials (tetracycline, doxycycline, lincospectin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin), whereas no susceptibility was reported for macrolides, tiamulin, lincomycin, oxacillin. Concerning colistin resistance, 20 E. coli strains were found to be phenotypically resistant (13 strains showed intermediate resistance pattern and 7 strains fully resistance trait). Further investigation was performed by PCR, which has revealed the presence of the mcr-1 gene in one phenotypically colistin-resistant isolate. Conclusion: AMR is prevalent in layer poultry production, including resistance against colistin confirmed by the presence of the mcr-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Koutsianos
- Department of Poultry Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Labrini V Athanasiou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Tilemachos Dimitriou
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Tsadila
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Grigorios Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitris Mossialos
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos C Koutoulis
- Department of Poultry Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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116
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Polymyxin B-Induced Skin Hyperpigmentation. Case Rep Med 2020; 2020:6461329. [PMID: 33014066 PMCID: PMC7519980 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6461329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B-induced skin hyperpigmentation is a rare adverse drug reaction (ADR). In this report, we present the case of a patient who underwent an abscess resection with right epididymitis, in which a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection (KPI) is formed. The patient was treated with polymyxin B and subsequently developed skin hyperpigmentation and desquamation. The desquamation improved and the pigmentation gradually returned to normal after sixty days after the withdrawal of polymyxin B.
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117
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Iudin D, Zashikhina N, Demyanova E, Korzhikov-Vlakh V, Shcherbakova E, Boroznjak R, Tarasenko I, Zakharova N, Lavrentieva A, Skorik Y, Korzhikova-Vlakh E. Polypeptide Self-Assembled Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for Polymyxins B and E. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E868. [PMID: 32933030 PMCID: PMC7558620 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are peptide antibiotics that are highly efficient against many multidrug resistant pathogens. However, the poor stability of polymyxins in the bloodstream requires the administration of high drug doses that, in turn, can lead to polymyxin toxicity. Consequently, different delivery systems have been considered for polymyxins to overcome these obstacles. In this work, we report the development of polymyxin delivery systems based on nanoparticles obtained from the self-assembly of amphiphilic random poly(l-glutamic acid-co-d-phenylalanine). These P(Glu-co-dPhe) nanoparticles were characterized in terms of their size, surface charge, stability, cytotoxicity, and uptake by macrophages. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading into P(Glu-co-dPhe) nanoparticles were determined for both polymyxin B and E. The release kinetics of polymyxins B and E from nanoformulations was studied and compared in buffer solution and human blood plasma. The release mechanisms were analyzed using a number of mathematical models. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the nanoformulations were established and compared with those determined for the free antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Iudin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (N.Z.); (I.T.); (N.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 198584 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Natalia Zashikhina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (N.Z.); (I.T.); (N.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Elena Demyanova
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Viktor Korzhikov-Vlakh
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 198584 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Elena Shcherbakova
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Roman Boroznjak
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Irina Tarasenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (N.Z.); (I.T.); (N.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Natalya Zakharova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (N.Z.); (I.T.); (N.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Yury Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (N.Z.); (I.T.); (N.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Evgenia Korzhikova-Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.I.); (N.Z.); (I.T.); (N.Z.); (Y.S.)
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118
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Jiang X, Yang K, Yuan B, Gong B, Wan L, Patil NA, Swarbrick JD, Roberts KD, Schreiber F, Wang L, Velkov T, Li J. Simulations of octapeptin-outer membrane interactions reveal conformational flexibility is linked to antimicrobial potency. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15902-15912. [PMID: 32913118 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The octapeptins are lipopeptide antibiotics that are structurally similar to polymyxins yet retain activity against polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, suggesting they might be used to treat recalcitrant infections. However, the basis of their unique activity is unclear because of the difficulty in generating high-resolution experimental data of the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with lipid membranes. To elucidate these structure-activity relationships, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with umbrella sampling to investigate the conformational and energetic landscape of octapeptins interacting with bacterial outer membrane (OM). Specifically, we examined the interaction of octapeptin C4 and FADDI-115, lacking a single hydroxyl group compared with octapeptin C4, with the lipid A-phosphoethanolamine modified OM of Acinetobacter baumannii Octapeptin C4 and FADDI-115 both penetrated into the OM hydrophobic center but experienced different conformational transitions from an unfolded to a folded state that was highly dependent on the structural flexibility of their respective N-terminal fatty acyl groups. The additional hydroxyl group present in the fatty acyl group of octapeptin C4 resulted in the molecule becoming trapped in a semifolded state, leading to a higher free energy barrier for OM penetration. The free energy barrier for the translocation through the OM hydrophobic layer was ∼72 kcal/mol for octapeptin C4 and 62 kcal/mol for FADDI-115. Our results help to explain the lower antimicrobial activity previously observed for octapeptin C4 compared with FADDI-115 and more broadly improve our understanding of the structure-function relationships of octapeptins. These findings may facilitate the discovery of next-generation octapeptins against polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative 'superbugs.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wan
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James D Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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119
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Stevens M, Howe C, Ray AM, Washburn A, Chitre S, Sivinski J, Park Y, Hoang QQ, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Analogs of nitrofuran antibiotics are potent GroEL/ES inhibitor pro-drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115710. [PMID: 33007545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In two previous studies, we identified compound 1 as a moderate GroEL/ES inhibitor with weak to moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and SM101 Escherichia coli (which has a compromised lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway making bacteria more permeable to drugs). Extending from those studies, we developed two series of analogs with key substructures resembling those of known antibacterials, nitroxoline (hydroxyquinoline moiety) and nifuroxazide/nitrofurantoin (bis-cyclic-N-acylhydrazone scaffolds). Through biochemical and cell-based assays, we identified potent GroEL/ES inhibitors that selectively blocked E. faecium, S. aureus, and E. coli proliferation with low cytotoxicity to human colon and intestine cells in vitro. Initially, only the hydroxyquinoline-bearing analogs were found to be potent inhibitors in our GroEL/ES-mediated substrate refolding assays; however, subsequent testing in the presence of an E. coli nitroreductase (NfsB) in situ indicated that metabolites of the nitrofuran-bearing analogs were potent GroEL/ES inhibitor pro-drugs. Consequently, this study has identified a new target of nitrofuran-containing drugs, and is the first reported instance of such a unique class of GroEL/ES chaperonin inhibitors. The intriguing results presented herein provide impetus for expanded studies to validate inhibitor mechanisms and optimize this antibacterial class using the respective GroEL/ES chaperonin systems and nitroreductases from E. coli and the ESKAPE bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mckayla Stevens
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Chris Howe
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alex Washburn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Siddhi Chitre
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Yangshin Park
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine. 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine. 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Quyen Q Hoang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine. 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine. 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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Jiang X, Zhang S, Azad MAK, Roberts KD, Wan L, Gong B, Yang K, Yuan B, Uddin H, Li J, Thompson PE, Velkov T, Fu J, Wang L, Li J. Structure-Interaction Relationship of Polymyxins with the Membrane of Human Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2110-2119. [PMID: 32619094 PMCID: PMC7485602 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are a serious global threat to human health. Polymyxins are increasingly used in patients as a last-line therapy to treat infections caused by these life-threatening 'superbugs'. Unfortunately, polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting factor and understanding its mechanism is crucial for the development of novel, safer polymyxins. Here, we undertook the first all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction between four naturally occurring polymyxins A1, B1, M1 and colistin A (representative structural variations of the polymyxin core structure) and the membrane of human kidney proximal tubular cells. All polymyxins inserted spontaneously into the hydrophobic region of the membrane where they were retained, although their insertion abilities varied. Polymyxin A1 completely penetrated into the hydrophobic region of the membrane with a unique folded conformation, whereas the other three polymyxins only inserted their fatty acyl tails into this region. Furthermore, local membrane defects and increased water penetration were induced by each polymyxin, which may represent the initial stage of cellular membrane damage. Finally, the structure-interaction relationship of polymyxins was investigated based on atomic interactions at the cell membrane level. The hydrophobicity at positions 6/7 and stereochemistry at position 3 regulated the interactions of polymyxins with the cell membrane. Collectively, our results provide new mechanistic insights into polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity at the atomic level and will facilitate the development of new-generation polymyxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mohammad A. K. Azad
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kade D. Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lin Wan
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hemayet Uddin
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jingliang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Philip E. Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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121
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Rodjun V, Houngsaitong J, Montakantikul P, Paiboonvong T, Khuntayaporn P, Yanyongchaikit P, Sriyant P. In Vitro Activities of Colistin and Sitafloxacin Combinations against Multidrug-, Carbapenem-, and Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Using the Broth Microdilution Checkerboard and Time-Kill Methods. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080516. [PMID: 32823820 PMCID: PMC7459680 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections are a critical global problem, with limited treatment choices. This study aims to determine the in vitro activities of colistin–sitafloxacin combinations against multidrug-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant A. baumannii (MDR-AB, CRAB, CoR-AB, respectively) clinical isolates from tertiary care hospitals. We used the broth microdilution checkerboard and time-kill methods in this study. Synergy was found using both methods. The colistin–sitafloxacin combination showed synergy in MDR-AB, CRAB, and CoR-AB isolates (3.4%, 3.1%, and 20.9%, respectively). No antagonism was found in any type of drug-resistant isolate. The majority of CoR-AB isolates became susceptible to colistin (95.4%). The time-kill method also showed that this combination could suppress regrowth back to the initial inocula of all representative isolates. Our results demonstrated that the colistin–sitafloxacin combination might be an interesting option for the treatment of drug-resistant A. baumannii. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipavee Rodjun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, Bangkok 10160, Thailand;
| | - Jantana Houngsaitong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.M.); (P.K.); (P.Y.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2644-8694
| | - Preecha Montakantikul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.M.); (P.K.); (P.Y.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Piyatip Khuntayaporn
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.M.); (P.K.); (P.Y.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Pusana Sriyant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.M.); (P.K.); (P.Y.); (P.S.)
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122
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Schito AM, Alfei S. Antibacterial Activity of Non-Cytotoxic, Amino Acid-Modified Polycationic Dendrimers against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1818. [PMID: 32823557 PMCID: PMC7464783 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid increase of antimicrobial resistance with ensuring therapeutic failures, the purpose of this study was to identify novel synthetic molecules as alternatives to conventional available, but presently ineffective antibiotics. Variously structured cationic dendrimers previously reported have provided promising outcomes. However, the problem of their cytotoxicity towards eukaryotic cells has not been completely overcome. We have now investigated the antibacterial activities of three not cytotoxic cationic dendrimers (G5Ds: G5H, G5K, and G5HK) against several multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical strains. All G5Ds displayed remarkable activity against MDR non-fermenting Gram-negative species such as P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, and A. baumannii (MICs = 0.5-33.2 µM). In particular, very low MIC values (0.5-2.1 µM) were observed for G5K, which proved to be more active than the potent colistin (2.1 versus 3.19 µM) against P. aeruginosa. Concerning its mechanism of action, in time-killing and turbidimetric studies, G5K displayed a rapid non-lytic bactericidal activity. Considering the absence of cytotoxicity of these new compounds and their potency, comparable or even higher than that provided by the dendrimers previously reported, G5Ds may be proposed as promising novel antibacterial agents capable of overcoming the alarming resistance rates of several nosocomial non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
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123
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Zabidi MS, Abu Bakar R, Musa N, Wan Yusuf WN. Analytical methodologies for measuring colistin levels in pharmacokinetic studies. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1783291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shafie Zabidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ruzilawati Abu Bakar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurfadhlina Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nazirah Wan Yusuf
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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124
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Yu X, Pan J, Zhou Z, Wen X, Dai Y, Lin G, Jiao Z, Zhang C. TDM-guided medication of polymyxin B in a patient with CRKP-induced bloodstream infection: a case report. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:201-204. [PMID: 32661810 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The narrow therapeutic window of polymyxin B constrains its clinical use against the multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). A 45-year-old patient was suffering with bloodstream infection with high fever and received a combined treatment with polymyxin B and tigecycline. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was applied to polymyxin B to develop a personalized medication against MDRO. The dose adjustment of polymyxin B with TDM successfully alleviated the infection and reduced the incident of acute kidney injury as caused in case of the original doses of polymyxin B. TDM of polymyxin B represents a valid treatment to ensure the efficiency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuben Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziye Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanyang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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125
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Laws M, Shaaban A, Rahman KM. Antibiotic resistance breakers: current approaches and future directions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 43:490-516. [PMID: 31150547 PMCID: PMC6736374 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections of antibiotic-resistant pathogens pose an ever-increasing threat to mankind. The investigation of novel approaches for tackling the antimicrobial resistance crisis must be part of any global response to this problem if an untimely reversion to the pre-penicillin era of medicine is to be avoided. One such promising avenue of research involves so-called antibiotic resistance breakers (ARBs), capable of re-sensitising resistant bacteria to antibiotics. Although some ARBs have previously been employed in the clinical setting, such as the β-lactam inhibitors, we posit that the broader field of ARB research can yet yield a greater diversity of more effective therapeutic agents than have been previously achieved. This review introduces the area of ARB research, summarises the current state of ARB development with emphasis on the various major classes of ARBs currently being investigated and their modes of action, and offers a perspective on the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laws
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
| | - Ali Shaaban
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
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126
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Xu C, Chen K, Chan KF, Chan EWC, Guo X, Chow HY, Zhao G, Zeng P, Wang M, Zhu Y, Li X, Wong K, Chen S. Imidazole Type Antifungal Drugs Are Effective Colistin Adjuvants That Resensitize Colistin‐Resistant
Enterobacteriaceae. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Kaichao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Kin Fai Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Guangming Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Ping Zeng
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Kwok‐Yin Wong
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
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127
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Abstract
Background: A robust and rapid method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is urgently needed for polymyxin B, which is a last-line antibiotic for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria infection. Methodology: A 3-min run of LC-MS/MS method was established to determine the main components of polymyxin B (polymyxin B1 and B2) in human plasma or urine. Solid-phase extraction was employed to eliminate the matrix effect from complicated samples from patients. Results: The calibration range was 0.050-5.00 and 0.0110-0.549 μg/ml for polymyxin B1 and B2, respectively, in plasma and urine. The precision and accuracy of quality controls, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability were all validated and satisfied with the ICH requirements. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy subjects and TDM in patients. Conclusion: The rapid LC-MS/MS method was validated for polymyxin B in plasma and urine, and robust for TDM.
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Abstract
A polar head and an apolar tail chemically characterize surfactants, they show different properties and are categorized by different factors such as head charge and molecular weight. They work by reducing the surface tension between oil and water phases to facilitate the formation of one homogeneous mixture. In this respect, they represent unavoidable ingredients, their main application is in the production of detergents, one of if not the most important categories of cosmetics. Their role is very important, it should be remembered that it was precisely soaps and hygiene that defeated the main infectious diseases at the beginning of the last century. Due to their positive environmental impact, the potential uses of microbial sourced surfactants are actively investigated. These compounds are produced with different mechanisms by microorganisms in the aims to defend themselves from external threats, to improve the mobility in the environment, etc. In the cosmetic field, biosurfactants, restricted in the present work to those described above, can carry high advantages, in comparison to traditional surfactants, especially in the field of sustainable and safer approaches. Besiede this, costs still remain an obsatcle to their diffusion; in this regard, exploration of possible multifunctional actions could help to contain application costs. To highlight their features and possible multifunctional role, on the light of specific biological profiles yet underestimated, we have approached the present review work.
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Yuan Y, Xu QM, Yu SC, Sun HZ, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ. Control of the polymyxin analog ratio by domain swapping in the nonribosomal peptide synthetase of Paenibacillus polymyxa. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:551-562. [PMID: 32495197 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxins are used as the last-line therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, their further clinical development needs to solve problems related to the presence of heterogeneous analogs, but there is still no platform or methods that can regulate the biosynthesis of polymyxin analogs. In this study, we present an approach to swap domains in the polymyxin gene cluster to regulate the production of different analogs. Following adenylation domain swapping, the proportion of polymyxin B1 increased from 41.36 to 52.90%, while that of B1-1 decreased from 18.25 to 3.09%. The ratio of polymyxin B1 and B3 following starter condensation domain swapping changed from 41.36 and 16.99 to 55.03 and 6.39%, respectively. The two domain-swapping strains produced 62.96% of polymyxin B1, 6.70% of B3 and 3.32% of B1-1. This study also revealed the presence of overflow fluxes between acetoin, 2,3-butanediol and polymyxin. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of engineering the polymyxin synthetase gene cluster in situ to regulate the relative proportions of polymyxin analogs. This research paves a way for regulating lipopeptide analogs and will facilitate the development of novel lipopeptide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Man Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Binshuixi Road 393, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Si-Cen Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Zhong Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
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130
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The Use of Colistin in Neonates: The Efficacy and Adverse Effects. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.680958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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131
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Matar KM, Al-Refai B. Quantification of Colistin in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8198. [PMID: 32424292 PMCID: PMC7234998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a polymixin antibiotic (polymixin E) that is produced by Bacillus colistinus bacteria. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a method to quantify colistin levels in plasma using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique and then apply it in experimental animals (rats) to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of colistin in this species. Polymyxin B was used as an internal standard (IS) and the quantitation was carried out using ESI + interface and employing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:water:formic acid (30:70:0.1%; v/v/v) was employed and Zorbax eclipse plus C18 (1.8 µm, 2.1 mm i.d. x 50 mm) was the optimal column for this method and utilized at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The full scan mass spectra of precursor/product ions of colistin A were at m/z 585.5 > 100.8, for colistin B at m/z 578.8 > 101 and for the IS at m/z 602.8 > 101. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.5 µg/mL. The method demonstrated acceptable intra-run and inter-run precision and accuracy for both colistin A and colistin B. Colistin was stable when assessed for long-term stability, freeze-thaw stability and autosampler stability. However, it was not stable when stored at room temperature. The matrix effect evaluation showed minimal or no effect. Incurred sample reanalysis findings were within acceptable ranges (<20% of the nominal concentration). The pharmacokinetic parameters of colistin were investigated in rats using the present method. The developed method for colistin demonstrates that it is rapid, sensitive, specific, accurate, precise, and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M Matar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Batool Al-Refai
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
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Choi Y, Lee JY, Lee H, Park M, Kang K, Lim SK, Shin D, Ko KS. Comparison of Fitness Cost and Virulence in Chromosome- and Plasmid-Mediated Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:798. [PMID: 32477288 PMCID: PMC7238749 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Five types of Escherichia coli strains were obtained and sequenced: colistin-susceptible (CL-S) strains, in vitro induced colistin-resistant (CL-IR) strains, mcr-1-negative colistin-resistant strains from livestock (CL-chrR), mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant strains (CL-mcrR), and mcr-1-transferred transconjugants (TC-mcr). Amino acid alterations of PmrAB, PhoPQ, and EptA were identified, and their mRNA expression was measured. Their growth rate was evaluated, and an in vitro competition assay was performed. Virulence was compared through serum resistance and survival in macrophages and Drosophila melanogaster. CL-IR and CL-chrR strains were colistin-resistant due to amino acid alterations in PmrAB, PhoPQ, or EptA, and their overexpression. All colistin-resistant strains did not show reduced growth rates compared with CL-S strains. CL-IR and CL-chrR strains were less competitive than the susceptible strain, but CL-mcrR strains were not. In addition, TC-mcr strains were also significantly more competitive than their respective parental susceptible strain. CL-IR strains had similar or decreased survival rates in human serum, macrophages, and fruit flies, compared with their parental, susceptible strains. CL-chrR strains were also less virulent than CL-S strains. Although CL-mcrR strains showed similar survival rates in human serum and fruit fly to CL-S strains, the survival rates of TC-mcr strains decreased significantly in human serum, macrophages, and fruit flies, compared with their susceptible recipient strain (J53). Chromosome-mediated, colistin-resistant E. coli strains have a fitness cost, but plasmids bearing mcr-1 do not increase the fitness burden of E. coli. Along with high usage of polymyxins, the no fitness cost of mcr-1-positive strains may facilitate rapid spread of colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Haejeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Myungseo Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Matsui K, Kan Y, Kikuchi J, Matsushima K, Takemura M, Maki H, Kozono I, Ueda T, Minagawa K. Stalobacin: Discovery of Novel Lipopeptide Antibiotics with Potent Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6090-6095. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Matsui
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Junko Kikuchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsushima
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Miki Takemura
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hideki Maki
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Iori Kozono
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Taichi Ueda
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Minagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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134
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Dubashynskaya NV, Skorik YA. Polymyxin Delivery Systems: Recent Advances and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E83. [PMID: 32365637 PMCID: PMC7281078 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are vital antibiotics for the treatment of multiresistant Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogen infections. However, their clinical value is limited by their high nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, as well as their poor permeability and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. This review focuses on various polymyxin delivery systems that improve polymyxin bioavailability and reduce drug toxicity through targeted and controlled release. Currently, the most suitable systems for improving oral, inhalation, and parenteral polymyxin delivery are polymer particles, liposomes, and conjugates, while gels, polymer fibers, and membranes are attractive materials for topical administration of polymyxin for the treatment of infected wounds and burns. In general, the application of these systems protects polymyxin molecules from the negative effects of both physiological and pathological factors while achieving higher concentrations at the target site and reducing dosage and toxicity. Improving the properties of polymyxin will be of great interest to researchers who are focused on developing antimicrobial drugs that show increased efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia;
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135
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains from Cases of Neonatal Diarrhea in Spanish Pig Farms. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020048. [PMID: 32326282 PMCID: PMC7357114 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is considered one of the most common agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets. The aim of this work was to characterize the pathogenic and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of 122 E. coli strains isolated from pigs suffering diarrhea (n = 94) and pigs without diarrhea (n = 28) of 24 farms in Spain. Virulence factors, toxins and AMR (ESBL and colistin) genes and AMR phenotypes of E. coli isolates were analyzed. Low prevalence of pathogenic E. coli strains (26%) was found in both groups. However, ETEC and VTEC strains were more frequently isolated from diarrheic piglets. Irrespectively of diarrhea occurrence, 97.5% of the strains showed a multidrug-resistance (MDR) profile to aminopenicillins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. It was found that 22% of E. coli was CTX-M+, with CTX-M-14 being the principal allelic variant. Remarkably, 81.5% of CTX-M+ strains were isolated from diarrheic animals and presented an extended MDR profile to aminopenicillins, quinolones and aminoglycosides. Finally, low frequencies of colistin resistance genes mcr-1 (4/122) and mcr-4 (1/122) were found. MDR E. coli strains are circulating in pig farms of Spain, representing a serious threat to animal and public health. More appropriate diagnostic approaches (genetic and AMR phenotypic analysis) should be implemented in animal health to optimize antibiotic treatments.
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136
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Snowden RT, Schumacher J, Blackford JT, Cypher EE, Cox SK, Sun X, Whitlock BK. Tarsocrural joint polymyxin B concentrations achieved following intravenous regional limb perfusion of the drug via a saphenous vein to healthy standing horses. Am J Vet Res 2020; 80:1099-1106. [PMID: 31763943 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.12.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether therapeutic concentrations (> 0.5 to 1.0 μg/mL) of polymyxin B (PB) were achieved in the tarsocrural joint of horses when the drug was administered by IV regional limb perfusion (IV-RLP) via a saphenous vein at doses of 25, 50, and 300 mg and to describe any adverse systemic or local effects associated with such administration. ANIMALS 9 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES In the first of 2 experiments, 6 horses each received 25 and 50 mg of PB by IV-RLP via a saphenous vein with at least 2 weeks between treatments. For each treatment, a tourniquet was placed at the midmetatarsus and another was placed midway between the stifle joint and tarsus. Both tourniquets were removed 30 minutes after the assigned dose was administered. Blood and tarsocrural joint fluid samples were collected for determination of PB concentration before and at predetermined times after drug administration. In experiment 2, 4 horses were administered 300 mg of PB by IV-RLP in 1 randomly selected pelvic limb in a manner identical to that used in experiment 1. RESULTS For all 3 doses, the mean synovial fluid PB concentration was > 10 times the therapeutic concentration and below the level of quantification at 30 and 1,440 minutes after drug administration, respectively. No adverse systemic or local effects were observed following PB administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that IV-RLP of PB might be a viable alternative for treatment of horses with synovial infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
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137
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Janssen AB, Bartholomew TL, Marciszewska NP, Bonten MJM, Willems RJL, Bengoechea JA, van Schaik W. Nonclonal Emergence of Colistin Resistance Associated with Mutations in the BasRS Two-Component System in Escherichia coli Bloodstream Isolates. mSphere 2020; 5:e00143-20. [PMID: 32161146 PMCID: PMC7067592 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00143-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are increasingly common, prompting the renewed interest in the use of colistin. Colistin specifically targets Gram-negative bacteria by interacting with the anionic lipid A moieties of lipopolysaccharides, leading to membrane destabilization and cell death. Here, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms of colistin resistance in nine colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains and one Escherichia albertii strain. These were the only colistin-resistant strains of 1,140 bloodstream Escherichia isolates collected in a tertiary hospital over a 10-year period (2006 to 2015). Core-genome phylogenetic analysis showed that each patient was colonized by a unique strain, suggesting that colistin resistance was acquired independently in each strain. All colistin-resistant strains had lipid A that was modified with phosphoethanolamine. In addition, two E. coli strains had hepta-acylated lipid A species, containing an additional palmitate compared to the canonical hexa-acylated E. coli lipid A. One E. coli strain carried the mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene mcr-1.1 on an IncX4-type plasmid. Through construction of chromosomal transgene integration mutants, we experimentally determined that mutations in basRS, encoding a two-component signal transduction system, contributed to colistin resistance in four strains. We confirmed these observations by reversing the mutations in basRS to the sequences found in reference strains, resulting in loss of colistin resistance. While the mcr genes have become a widely studied mechanism of colistin resistance in E. coli, sequence variation in basRS is another, potentially more prevalent but relatively underexplored, cause of colistin resistance in this important nosocomial pathogen.IMPORTANCE Multidrug resistance among Gram-negative bacteria has led to the use of colistin as a last-resort drug. The cationic colistin kills Gram-negative bacteria through electrostatic interaction with the anionic lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides. Due to increased use in clinical and agricultural settings, colistin resistance has recently started to emerge. In this study, we used a combination of whole-genome sequence analysis and experimental validation to characterize the mechanisms through which Escherichia coli strains from bloodstream infections can develop colistin resistance. We found no evidence of direct transfer of colistin-resistant isolates between patients. The lipid A of all isolates was modified by the addition of phosphoethanolamine. In four isolates, colistin resistance was experimentally verified to be caused by mutations in the basRS genes, encoding a two-component regulatory system. Our data show that chromosomal mutations are an important cause of colistin resistance among clinical E. coli isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel B Janssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Toby L Bartholomew
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia P Marciszewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jose A Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Willem van Schaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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138
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Mechanisms of bactericidal action and resistance of polymyxins for Gram-positive bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3771-3780. [PMID: 32157424 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxins are cationic antimicrobial peptides used as the last-line therapy to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The bactericidal activity of polymyxins against Gram-negative bacteria relies on the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polymyxins and the negatively charged lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Given that Gram-positive bacteria lack an LPS-containing outer membrane, it is generally acknowledged that polymyxins are less active against Gram-positive bacteria. However, Gram-positive bacteria produce negatively charged teichoic acids, which may act as the target of polymyxins. More and more studies suggest that polymyxins have potential as a treatment for Gram-positive bacterial infection. This mini-review discusses recent advances in the mechanism of the antibacterial activity and resistance of polymyxins in Gram-positive bacteria.Key Points• Teichoic acids play a key role in the action of polymyxins on Gram-positive bacteria.• Polymyxin kills Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting cell surface and oxidative damage.• Modification of teichoic acids and phospholipids contributes to polymyxin resistance in Gram-positive bacteria.• Polymyxins have potential as a treatment for Gram-positive bacterial infection.
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139
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Amabili P, Biavasco F, Brenciani A, Citterio B, Corbisiero D, Ferrazzano L, Fioriti S, Guerra G, Orena M, Rinaldi S. Simple amphiphilic α-hydrazido acids: Rational design, synthesis, and in vitro bioactivity profile of a novel class of potential antimicrobial compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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140
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Yasir M, Dutta D, Hossain KR, Chen R, Ho KKK, Kuppusamy R, Clarke RJ, Kumar N, Willcox MDP. Mechanism of Action of Surface Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3053. [PMID: 32038530 PMCID: PMC6987417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization and biofilm development on medical devices can lead to infection. Antimicrobial peptide-coated surfaces may prevent such infections. Melimine and Mel4 are chimeric cationic peptides showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity once attached to biomaterials and are highly biocompatible in animal models and have been tested in Phase I and II/III human clinical trials. These peptides were covalently attached to glass using an azidobenzoic acid linker. Peptide attachment was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and amino acid analysis. Mel4 when bound to glass was able to adopt a more ordered structure in the presence of bacterial membrane mimetic lipids. The ability of surface bound peptides to neutralize endotoxin was measured along with their interactions with the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane which were analyzed using DiSC(3)-5 and Sytox green, Syto-9, and PI dyes with fluorescence microscopy. Leakage of ATP and nucleic acids from cells were determined by analyzing the surrounding fluid. Attachment of the peptides resulted in increases in the percentage of nitrogen by 3.0% and 2.4%, and amino acid concentrations to 0.237 nmole and 0.298 nmole per coverslip on melimine and Mel4 coated surfaces, respectively. The immobilized peptides bound lipopolysaccharide and disrupted the cytoplasmic membrane potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 15 min. Membrane depolarization was associated with a reduction in bacterial viability by 82% and 63% for coatings melimine and Mel4, respectively (p < 0.001). Disruption of membrane potential was followed by leakage of ATP from melimine (1.5 ± 0.4 nM) or Mel4 (1.3 ± 0.2 nM) coated surfaces compared to uncoated glass after 2 h (p < 0.001). Sytox green influx started after 3 h incubation with either peptide. Melimine coatings yielded 59% and Mel4 gave 36% PI stained cells after 4 h. Release of the larger molecules (DNA/RNA) commenced after 4 h for melimine (1.8 ± 0.9 times more than control; p = 0.008) and after 6 h with Mel4 (2.1 ± 0.2 times more than control; p < 0.001). The mechanism of action of surface bound melimine and Mel4 was similar to that of the peptides in solution, however, their immobilization resulted in much slower (approximately 30 times) kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Optometry and Vision Science, Optometry School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Khondker R. Hossain
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renxun Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kitty K. K. Ho
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald J. Clarke
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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141
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Cardoso MH, Orozco RQ, Rezende SB, Rodrigues G, Oshiro KGN, Cândido ES, Franco OL. Computer-Aided Design of Antimicrobial Peptides: Are We Generating Effective Drug Candidates? Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3097. [PMID: 32038544 PMCID: PMC6987251 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially antibacterial peptides, have been widely investigated as potential alternatives to antibiotic-based therapies. Indeed, naturally occurring and synthetic AMPs have shown promising results against a series of clinically relevant bacteria. Even so, this class of antimicrobials has continuously failed clinical trials at some point, highlighting the importance of AMP optimization. In this context, the computer-aided design of AMPs has put together crucial information on chemical parameters and bioactivities in AMP sequences, thus providing modes of prediction to evaluate the antibacterial potential of a candidate sequence before synthesis. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) computational models, for instance, have greatly contributed to AMP sequence optimization aimed at improved biological activities. In addition to machine-learning methods, the de novo design, linguistic model, pattern insertion methods, and genetic algorithms, have shown the potential to boost the automated design of AMPs. However, how successful have these approaches been in generating effective antibacterial drug candidates? Bearing this in mind, this review will focus on the main computational strategies that have generated AMPs with promising activities against pathogenic bacteria, as well as anti-infective potential in different animal models, including sepsis and cutaneous infections. Moreover, we will point out recent studies on the computer-aided design of antibiofilm peptides. As expected from automated design strategies, diverse candidate sequences with different structural arrangements have been generated and deposited in databases. We will, therefore, also discuss the structural diversity that has been engendered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon H Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Raquel Q Orozco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia/Genética e Biotecnologia), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Samilla B Rezende
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gisele Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Karen G N Oshiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elizabete S Cândido
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia/Genética e Biotecnologia), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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142
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Huang J, Dai X, Ge L, Shafiq M, Shah JM, Sun J, Yi S, Wang L. Sequence Duplication Within pmrB Gene Contribute to High-Level Colistin Resistance in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:1442-1451. [PMID: 31770069 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond the emergence of plasmid-encoded mechanisms, mutation within the pmrAB genes remains one of the primary colistin resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli. However, the mechanisms of high-level colistin resistance (HLCR) have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the HLCR mechanisms in five colistin-susceptible Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates after colistin exposure. Three PmrB substitutions (G19R, L167P, V88E) and two PmrB sequence duplication (PmrB-sd) mutations (68-77dup and 94-156dup) were detected. Chromosomal replacement and deletion mutagenesis revealed the two PmrB-sd mutations contribute to, but are not fully responsible for, HLCR in APEC strains. Quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that the PmrB-sd induction mutants showed an increased pmrAB transcript level and the PmrB-sd reversion mutants exhibited a reduction of pmrAB expression. All five induction mutants exhibited decreased minimum inhibitory concentrations to florfenicol and tetracycline. In addition, four mutants (G19R, L167P, V88E, and 94-156dup) and two mutants (68-77dup and 94-156dup) also displayed increased sensitivity to ceftiofur and gentamicin, respectively. Zeta potential measurement of the induction mutants showed that there was less negative charge on the cell surface compared with its parental strains in the absence of colistin. The induction mutants also showed an increase of lag time and decrease of fitness. In summary, the identification of novel PmrB-sd mutations contributing to HLCR is helpful to broaden the knowledge of colistin resistance. Attention should be paid to the use of colistin for the treatment of infections caused by APEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyang Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Ge
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jan Mohammad Shah
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sida Yi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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143
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Luis Esaú LJ, Christian Rodolfo RG, Melissa HD, Claudia Adriana CC, Rodolfo GC, Rafael FC. An alternative disk diffusion test in broth and macrodilution method for colistin susceptibility in Enterobacteriales. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 167:105765. [PMID: 31676421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Colistin and polymyxin B are old drugs that have been reintroduced to treat Gram-negative infections lacking other treatment options; however, colistin resistance have been reported. To know the correct susceptibility pattern is mandatory for multidrug resistant bacteria. Broth microdilution method is the gold standard to evaluate colistin and polymyxin B susceptibility; nevertheless, it is time consuming and needs expertise to be performed. Disk diffusion method on Müeller-Hinton agar is no longer recommended to evaluate polymyxins susceptibility. In this study we evaluated two methods (disk diffusion in broth and broth macrodilution) as alternative options to identify polymyxin resistance in an easy way. A total of 536 Enterobacteriales isolates were assessed for colistin susceptibility. All non-wild type Enterobacteriales (41) were chosen and 31 wild type bacteria were randomly selected, were used to perform disk diffusion tests in broth and for broth macrodilution tests. We found 100% of concordance between both tested methods and broth microdilution. In conclusion, these two methods are reliable and easier options that complement as initial screening susceptibility for colistin in Enterobacteriales in microbiology laboratories lacking personnel and infrastructure to perform broth microdilution method.
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Affiliation(s)
- López-Jácome Luis Esaú
- Infectious Diseases Division, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hernández-Durán Melissa
- Infectious Diseases Division, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Colín-Castro Claudia Adriana
- Infectious Diseases Division, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - García-Contreras Rodolfo
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Franco-Cendejas Rafael
- Infectious Diseases Division, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.
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144
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Su M, Wang M, Hong Y, Nimmagadda A, Shen N, Shi Y, Gao R, Zhang E, Cao C, Cai J. Polymyxin derivatives as broad-spectrum antibiotic agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13104-13107. [PMID: 31612170 PMCID: PMC10484568 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We designed a few polymyxin derivatives which exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Lead compound P1 could disrupt bacterial membranes rapidly without developing resistance, inhibit biofilms formed by E. coli, and exhibit excellent in vivo activity in an MRSA-infected thigh burden mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Yuzhu Hong
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Alekhya Nimmagadda
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Ning Shen
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - En Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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145
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Carattoli A, Carretto E, Brovarone F, Sarti M, Villa L. Comparative analysis of an mcr-4 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica monophasic variant of human and animal origin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:3332-3335. [PMID: 30137382 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study we compared the recently described mcr-4-positive Salmonella enterica monophasic variant, isolated in 2016 in two Italian patients affected by gastroenteritis, with the first mcr-4-positive Salmonella isolate identified in 2013 in a pig at slaughter in Italy. Methods WGS of the two Salmonella isolates of human origin was performed using a MiSeq instrument (Illumina). The phylogenetic analysis was performed by SNP analysis, comparing genomes of the mcr-4-positive isolates of swine and human origin with 82 Salmonella genomes downloaded from the EnteroBase Salmonella database. Complete sequences of plasmids carrying mcr-4.2 were obtained and compared. Transformation experiments were performed to transfer the mcr-4 plasmids into a colistin-susceptible Escherichia coli recipient strain. Results Comparative genomics demonstrated that the Salmonella of swine origin did not cluster with the isolates of human origin. The mcr-4.2 gene variant identified in the Salmonella of human origin was located on a ColE-like plasmid. This plasmid showed different replication and mobilization genes with respect to those previously described in the ColE plasmid carrying the mcr-4.1 variant, identified in Salmonella of swine origin. Conclusions The divergence in genomes, plasmids and gene variants demonstrated that there was not a unique mcr-4-positive, monophasic Salmonella lineage circulating in animals and causing gastroenteritis in humans in Italy. There was no horizontal transfer of the same plasmid among Salmonella strains of animal and human origin, but the mcr-4 gene and a fragment of the plasmid identified in the animal strain were mobilized by an IS1294 into a different ColE plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edoardo Carretto
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Flavia Brovarone
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, S. Agostino-Estense Hospital, Baggiovara, Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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146
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Ma X, He Y, Yu X, Cai Y, Zeng J, Cai R, Lu Y, Chen L, Chen C, Huang B. Ceftazidime/avibactam Improves the Antibacterial Efficacy of Polymyxin B Against Polymyxin B Heteroresistant KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Hinders Emergence of Resistant Subpopulation in vitro. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2029. [PMID: 31551966 PMCID: PMC6735287 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing multidrug resistance and limited antibiotics, polymyxin B revived as the last resort for the treatment of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Unfortunately, the heteroresistance hampers polymyxin B monotherapy treatment via the amplification of resistant subpopulation. Reliable polymyxin B based combinations are demanded. Ceftazidime/avibactam has been regarded as a new salvage therapy against CRKP. The occurrence of heteroresistance was confirmed by population analysis profiling (PAP). Our study demonstrated that polymyxin B and ceftazidime/avibactam combinations improved the in vitro antimicrobial activity of polymyxin B and delayed or suppressed the regrowth of resistant subpopulation by time-kill studies. Ceftazidime/avibactam at around MIC values (0.5–1 × MIC) plus clinically achievable concentrations of polymyxin B (0.5–2 mg/L) resulted in sustained killing against polymyxin B-heteroresistant isolates. Active PmrAB and PhoPQ systems and a pmrA mutation (G53R) in resistant subpopulation might associate with heteroresistance, but further investigation was required. Our findings suggested that the heteroresistance represented barriers to polymyxin B efficacy, and the combination of polymyxin B with ceftazidime/avibactam could be potentially valuable for the treatment of heteroresistant CRKP. Further, in vivo studies need to be performed to evaluate the efficacy of this combination against heteroresistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuegao Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renxin Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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147
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Biswas S, Li Y, Elbediwi M, Yue M. Emergence and Dissemination of mcr-Carrying Clinically Relevant Salmonella Typhimurium Monophasic Clone ST34. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E298. [PMID: 31466338 PMCID: PMC6780495 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is one of the urgent threats to both public and global health. The Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic sequence type 34 (ST34) clone, with its rapid dissemination and resistance to numerous critical antimicrobials, has raised global concerns. Here, we present an updated overview on the emerging infections caused by mobile colistin resistance (mcr)-carrying colistin-resistant ST34 isolates, covering their global dissemination and virulence-associated efficacy. The higher rates of mcr-1-positive ST34 in children in China highlights the increasing threat caused by this pathogen. Most of the ST34 isolates carrying the mcr-1 gene were isolated from animals and food products, indicating the role of foodborne transmission of mcr-1. The emergence of multidrug resistance genes along with various virulence factors and many heavy metal resistance genes on the chromosome and plasmid from ST34 isolates will challenge available therapeutic options. The presence of the colistin resistance gene (mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-5) with the multidrug-resistant phenotype in ST34 has spread across different countries, and most of the mcr-1 genes in ST34 isolates were detected in plasmid type IncHI2 followed by IncI2, and IncX4. Together, mcr-carrying S. Typhimurium ST34 may become a new pandemic clone. The fast detection and active surveillance in community, hospital, animal herds, food products and environment are urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpak Biswas
- CATG Microbiology & Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Li
- CATG Microbiology & Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- CATG Microbiology & Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Yue
- CATG Microbiology & Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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148
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Antibiotic-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Is Susceptible to the Novel Iron-Sequestering Anti-infective DIBI In Vitro and in Experimental Pneumonia in Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00855-19. [PMID: 31209004 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00855-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections especially hospital-acquired pneumonia. This bacterium readily acquires antibiotic resistance traits and therefore, new treatment alternatives are urgently needed. The virulence of A. baumannii linked to iron acquisition suggests a potential for new anti-infectives that target its iron acquisition. DIBI, a 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one chelator, is a purpose-designed, iron-sequestering antimicrobial that has shown promise for treating microbial infection. DIBI was investigated for its in vitro and in vivo activities against clinical A. baumannii isolates. DIBI was inhibitory for all isolates tested with very low MICs (2 μg/ml, equivalent to 0.2 μM), i.e., at or below the typical antibiotic MICs reported for antibiotic-sensitive strains. DIBI inhibition is Fe specific, and it caused an iron-restricted bacterial physiology that led to enhanced antibiotic killing by several discrete antibiotics. DIBI also strongly suppressed recovery growth of the surviving population following antibiotic exposure. A low intranasal dose (11 μmol/kg) of DIBI after intranasal challenge with hypervirulent ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant A. baumannii LAC-4 significantly reduced bacterial burdens in mice, and DIBI also suppressed the spread of the infection to the spleen. Treatment of infected mice with CIP alone (20 mg/kg, equivalent to 60 μmol/kg) was ineffective given LAC-4's CIP resistance, but if combined with DIBI, the treatment efficacy improved significantly. Our evidence suggests that DIBI restricts host iron availability to A. baumannii growing in the respiratory tract, bolstering the host innate iron restriction mechanisms. DIBI has potential as a sole anti-infective or in combination with conventional antibiotics for the treatment of A. baumannii pneumonia.
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149
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Ma B, Fang C, Lu L, Wang M, Xue X, Zhou Y, Li M, Hu Y, Luo X, Hou Z. The antimicrobial peptide thanatin disrupts the bacterial outer membrane and inactivates the NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3517. [PMID: 31388008 PMCID: PMC6684654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is the most prevalent type of metallo-β-lactamase and hydrolyzes almost all clinically used β-lactam antibiotics. Here we show that the antimicrobial peptide thanatin disrupts the outer membrane of NDM-1-producing bacteria by competitively displacing divalent cations on the outer membrane and inducing the release of lipopolysaccharides. In addition, thanatin inhibits the enzymatic activity of NDM-1 by displacing zinc ions from the active site, and reverses carbapenem resistance in NDM-1-producing bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Thus, thanatin’s dual mechanism of action may be useful for combating infections caused by NDM-1-producing pathogens. The NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Here, the authors show that the antimicrobial peptide thanatin is active against NDM-1-producing bacteria through a dual mechanism of action consisting of disruption of outer membrane integrity and inhibition of the NDM-1 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Linshan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Mingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Zheng Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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150
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Polymyxin B and polymyxin E induce anaphylactoid response through mediation of Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor X2. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:304-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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