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Yamkasem J, Tattiyapong P, Kamlangdee A, Surachetpong W. Evidence of potential vertical transmission of tilapia lake virus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1293-1300. [PMID: 31243783 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD) is an emerging viral disease in tilapia with worldwide distribution. Although the horizontal transmission of TiLV has been demonstrated through the cohabitation of infected fish with susceptible fish, no direct experiment showed the potential of vertical transmission from broodstock to progeny. In this study, natural outbreaks of TiLV in broodstock and fry in two tilapia hatcheries were confirmed. The TiLV genomic RNA was detected in liver and reproductive organs of infected broodstock, while infective virus was isolated in susceptible cell line. In situ hybridization assay confirmed the presence of TiLV in the ovary and testis of naturally infected fish and experimentally challenged fish. Moreover, early detection of TiLV in 2-day-old fry and the presence of TiLV genomic RNA and viable virus in the testis and ovary suggested the possible transfer of this virus from infected broodstock to progenies. As infective virus was present in gonads and fry in natural outbreak and experimental fish, the importance of biosecurity and prevention of the virus to establish in the hatchery should be emphasized. Hence, the development of TiLV-free broodstock and the maintenance of high biosecurity standards in the hatcheries are essential for any attempt of virus eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapa Yamkasem
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puntanat Tattiyapong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Attapon Kamlangdee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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102
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Pierezan F, Yun S, Surachetpong W, Soto E. Intragastric and intracoelomic injection challenge models of tilapia lake virus infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1301-1307. [PMID: 31270828 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infections in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), fingerlings were challenged with a single dose of 1 × 104 TCID50 /fish of TiLV utilizing intracoelomic/intraperitoneal (ICch ) or intragastric (IGch ) routes. Acute mortalities were present in both groups, reaching 70 and 40% in ICch and IGch after 10 days, respectively. Challenged fish presented erratic swimming, lethargy, anorexia, exophthalmia and cutaneous petechiae and ecchymoses. Histological changes in challenged groups included syncytial formation, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and multifocal hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. In addition, multifocal areas of mild proliferation of glial cells and lymphocytic perivascular cuffing were observed in the brain of exposed challenged groups. TiLV RNA was detected in gills and faeces of challenged fish using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, as well as in the tank water holding challenged fish. Moreover, TiLV RNA was detected in scrolls obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from challenged fish. Results from this study suggest that IG methods represent an additional method to study the pathogenesis of the disease in this species, as it results in infection and diseases as in naturally occurring cases and does not bypass important mucosal immune responses as injectable routes do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pierezan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Susan Yun
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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103
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Yin J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li Y, Zeng W, Wu J, Ren Y, Tang Y, Gao C, Hu H, Bergmann SM. Development of a simple and rapid reverse transcription-loopmediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for sensitive detection of tilapia lake virus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:817-824. [PMID: 30920677 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, substantial mortality of farmed and wild tilapia caused by tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection has been observed worldwide. However, sensitive and reliable diagnostic method is limited. A reverse transcription-loopmediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay has been applied for the detection of TiLV nucleotide sequence. Six primers targeting two locations on the target gene based on a highly conserved sequence in the segment 1 (S1) region of the TiLV genome have been designed. The optimized RT-LAMP reaction was maintained at the isothermal condition of 63°C for 45 min. And the amplifications could be verified by turbidity or a colour change with the addition of SYBR Green I. Subsequently, RT-LAMP products could be observed by a ladder pattern following gel electrophoresis. The species-specific assay showed that the method was sensitive enough to detect as low as 1.6 copies of viral particle, and the assay was highly specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with other pathogens, and had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% when TiLV-positive samples and non-target virus were tested. In summary, all the results demonstrate that this RT-LAMP is a rapid, effective and sensitive method for TiLV detection in tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiexing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huzi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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104
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Chen J, Toh X, Ong J, Wang Y, Teo XH, Lee B, Wong PS, Khor D, Chong SM, Chee D, Wee A, Wang Y, Ng MK, Tan BH, Huangfu T. Detection and characterization of a novel marine birnavirus isolated from Asian seabass in Singapore. Virol J 2019; 16:71. [PMID: 31138237 PMCID: PMC6537170 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lates calcarifer, known as seabass in Asia and barramundi in Australia, is a widely farmed species internationally and in Southeast Asia and any disease outbreak will have a great economic impact on the aquaculture industry. Through disease investigation of Asian seabass from a coastal fish farm in 2015 in Singapore, a novel birnavirus named Lates calcarifer Birnavirus (LCBV) was detected and we sought to isolate and characterize the virus through molecular and biochemical methods. Methods In order to propagate the novel birnavirus LCBV, the virus was inoculated into the Bluegill Fry (BF-2) cell line and similar clinical signs of disease were reproduced in an experimental fish challenge study using the virus isolate. Virus morphology was visualized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Biochemical analysis using chloroform and 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BUDR) sensitivity assays were employed to characterize the virus. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was also used to obtain the virus genome for genetic and phylogenetic analyses. Results The LCBV-infected BF-2 cell line showed cytopathic effects such as rounding and granulation of cells, localized cell death and detachment of cells observed at 3 to 5 days’ post-infection. The propagated virus, when injected intra-peritoneally into naïve Asian seabass under experimental conditions, induced lesions similar to fish naturally infected with LCBV. Morphology of LCBV, visualized under TEM, revealed icosahedral particles around 50 nm in diameter. Chloroform and BUDR sensitivity assays confirmed the virus to be a non-enveloped RNA virus. Further genome analysis using NGS identified the virus to be a birnavirus with two genome segments. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that LCBV is more closely related to the Blosnavirus genus than to the Aquabirnavirus genus within the Birnaviridae family. Conclusions These findings revealed the presence of a novel birnavirus that could be linked to the disease observed in the Asian seabass from the coastal fish farms in Singapore. This calls for more studies on disease transmission and enhanced surveillance programs to be carried out to understand pathogenicity and epidemiology of this novel virus. The gene sequences data obtained from the study can also pave way to the development of PCR-based diagnostic test methods that will enable quick and specific identification of the virus in future disease investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Toh
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Ong
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Yahui Wang
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Xuan-Hui Teo
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Pui-San Wong
- DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Denyse Khor
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Shin-Min Chong
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Diana Chee
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Alvin Wee
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Yifan Wang
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Mee-Keun Ng
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huan Tan
- DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Taoqi Huangfu
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore.
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105
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Melo-Bolívar JF, Ruiz Pardo RY, Hume ME, Nisbet DJ, Rodríguez-Villamizar F, Alzate JF, Junca H, Villamil Díaz LM. Establishment and characterization of a competitive exclusion bacterial culture derived from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) gut microbiomes showing antibacterial activity against pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215375. [PMID: 31050668 PMCID: PMC6499431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the characterization of the microbial community composition, and the establishment and dynamics of a continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture (CFCEC) derived from gut microbiomes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) specimens reared on aquaculture farms in Colombia. 16S rRNA gene amplicon Illumina sequencing was used to identify taxonomical changes in the CFCEC microbial community over time. The CFCEC was developed from adult tilapia from two farms in Colombia, and CFCEC samples were collected over two months. The pH varied from 6.25 to 6.35 throughout culturing, while anaerobic and aerobic cell counts stabilized at day 9, at 109 CFU mL-1 and were maintained to day 68. A variation in the CFCEC bacterial composition was observed over time. Cetobacterium was the most abundant in the first two days and coincided with a higher CFCEC supernatant antimicrobial effect against the fish pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae. Antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae disappeared by day 3. Changes in bacterial composition continued to day 33 with Lactococcus spp. becoming the most abundant member of the community. In conclusion, the study of the CFCEC from intestinal tract of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed identification of predominant bacterial genera in the continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture exhibiting antibacterial activity against the fish pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernando Melo-Bolívar
- Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Ruth Yolanda Ruiz Pardo
- Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Michael E. Hume
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - David J. Nisbet
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Villamizar
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia), Centro de investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Juan F. Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica- CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria SIU, Grupo de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Howard Junca
- Microbiomas Foundation, Div. Ecogenomics & Holobionts, RG Microbial Ecology: Metabolism, Genomics & Evolution, Chía, Colombia
| | - Luisa Marcela Villamil Díaz
- Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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106
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Mourya DT, Yadav PD, Ullas P, Bhardwaj SD, Sahay RR, Chadha MS, Shete AM, Jadhav S, Gupta N, Gangakhedkar RR, Khasnobis P, Singh SK. Emerging/re-emerging viral diseases & new viruses on the Indian horizon. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:447-467. [PMID: 31411169 PMCID: PMC6676836 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1239_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain as the major causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality leading to significant healthcare expenditure in India. The country has experienced the outbreaks and epidemics of many infectious diseases. However, enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as malaria, plague, leprosy and cholera, in the past. The country's vast terrains of extreme geo-climatic differences and uneven population distribution present unique patterns of distribution of viral diseases. Dynamic interplays of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. In this article, the major emerging and re-emerging viral infections of public health importance have been reviewed that have already been included in the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P.T. Ullas
- Maximum Containment Laboratory, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nivedita Gupta
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Raman R. Gangakhedkar
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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107
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Elumalai P, Prakash P, Musthafa MS, Faggio C. Effect of alkoxy glycerol on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:298-304. [PMID: 30769237 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil and their compounds derived from the same have immense applications in the improvement of health, brain development, enhancing immunity etc. This study aimed at the supplementation of such a compound alkoxy glycerol derived from shark liver oil in fish diet and thereby analyzing growth as well as immune parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. 400 fishes were distributed into 11 glass tanks, and then fishes were weighed before starting the experiment. (Average weight was found to be 5.3 ± 0.10 g). Feed was prepared using alkoxy glycerol in the doses like 5, 10, 15 g kg-1 Fishes were fed with the prepared diet for 30 days and growth parameters like specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), final weight (FW), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. On the 30th day, fishes were challenged with 0.1 ml of normal saline solution containing 107 CFUml-1 of Aeromonas hydrophila and disease resistance was monitored. After 30 days of post challenge observation, immunological and lipid peroxidation assays like alternative complement (ACH50), phagocytosis (PI), respiratory burst activities (RB), and serum lysozyme (SL) were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi 682 506, Kerala, India; Centre of Excellence in Food Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Panangad, Kochi 682 506, Kerala, India.
| | - Parvathy Prakash
- Centre of Excellence in Food Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Panangad, Kochi 682 506, Kerala, India
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina-Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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108
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Thammatorn W, Rawiwan P, Surachetpong W. Minimal risk of tilapia lake virus transmission via frozen tilapia fillets. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:3-9. [PMID: 30468255 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of a novel tilapia lake virus (TiLV) have raised concerns regarding the international spread of TiLV in frozen tilapia products. This study investigated the potential risks of frozen tilapia fillet as a source of TiLV transmission. It revealed that TiLV genomic RNA could be detected in tilapia fillet and the virus isolated from non-frozen and frozen fillets with clinical TiLV infection stored up to 28 days caused a cytopathic effect (CPE) formation in the susceptible cell line in vitro. However, frozen fillets from clinical TiLV infection stored for 90 and 120 days did not cause CPE in the susceptible cell line. Similarly, CPE was not observed in TiLV isolated from subclinically TiLV-infected fish fillets. In addition, in vivo bioassay revealed that despite the presence of TiLV isolated from subclinically TiLV-infected fillet stored at -20°C for 14 days, there was no evidence of TiLV disease in naïve red hybrid tilapia based on the absence of clinical signs and mortality and without the detection of TiLV genomic RNA using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Collectively, these findings suggested minimal risk of transmission of TiLV via frozen tilapia fillets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worrayanee Thammatorn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarasuda Rawiwan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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109
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Zeng W, Yin J, Li Y, Ren Y, Shi C, Bergmann SM, Zhu X. Establishment and characterization of a cell line from tilapia brain for detection of tilapia lake virus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1803-1809. [PMID: 30320411 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging disease threatening tilapia culture in many parts of the world. A cell line from the brain of tilapia, which was named TiB, was established, characterized and subcultured with more than 100 passages. The TiB cell line was optimally maintained at 27°C using medium 199 (M199) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS). Chromosome analysis revealed that 60% of TiB cells at passage 5 maintained the modal chromosome number 2n = 44, while at passage 60, there were 43% of TiB cells with the diploid chromosome number 2n = 50. A significant cytopathic effect was observed in TiB cells after infection with tilapia lake virus (TiLV-2017A), and the viral replication in the cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence assays and viral titres, indicating the susceptibility of TiB cells to TiLV-2017A. The viral titres of TiLV-2017A in TiB cells reached 107.43 TCID50 /ml within 10 days. The stable growth and susceptibility to fish viruses make TiB cells a useful tool for fish virus-host cell interaction and for immune response of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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110
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Yang YF, Lu TH, Lin HC, Chen CY, Liao CM. Assessing the population transmission dynamics of tilapia lake virus in farmed tilapia. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1439-1448. [PMID: 30003543 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel virus, tilapia lake virus (TiLV), has been identified as a key pathogen responsible for disease outbreak and mass mortality of farmed tilapia. We used a deterministic susceptible-infectious-mortality (SIM) model to derive key disease information appraised with published TiLV-induced cumulative mortality data. The relationship between tilapia mortality and TiLV exposure dosages was described by the Hill model. Furthermore, a disease control model was proposed to determine the status of controlled TiLV infection using a parsimonious control reproduction number (RC )-control line criterion. Results showed that the key disease determinants of transmission rate and basic reproduction number (R0 ) could be derived. The median R0 estimate was 2.59 in a cohabitation setting with 2.6 × 105 TCID50 fish-1 TiLV. The present RC -control model can be employed to determine whether TiLV containment is feasible in an outbreak farm by quantifying the current level of transmission. The SIM model can then be applied to predict what additional control is required to manage RC < 1. We offer valuable tools for aquaculture engineers and public health scientists the mechanistic-based assessment that allows a more rigorous evaluation of different control strategies to reduce waterborne diseases in aquaculture farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Fei Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Chieh Lin
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Yun Chen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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111
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Abdullah A, Ramly R, Mohammad Ridzwan MS, Sudirwan F, Abas A, Ahmad K, Murni M, Kua BC. First detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in wild river carp (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) at Timah Tasoh Lake, Malaysia. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1459-1462. [PMID: 30027657 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adnan Abas
- Biosecurity Unit, State Fisheries, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Kamisa Ahmad
- National Fish Health Research Centre, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Munira Murni
- National Fish Health Research Centre, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Beng Chu Kua
- National Fish Health Research Centre, Penang, Malaysia
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112
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Tilapia Lake Virus Isolate Obtained from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/26/e00580-18. [PMID: 29954898 PMCID: PMC6025939 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00580-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2014, tilapia lake virus (TiLV) has emerged as a significant cause of mortality in tilapia cultured in Asia, Africa, and South America. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a TiLV isolate obtained during a diagnostic investigation of an ongoing mortality event involving Nile tilapia cultured in Thailand. Since its discovery in 2014, tilapia lake virus (TiLV) has emerged as a significant cause of mortality in tilapia cultured in Asia, Africa, and South America. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a TiLV isolate obtained during a diagnostic investigation of an ongoing mortality event involving Nile tilapia cultured in Thailand.
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113
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Soni P, Pradhan PK, Swaminathan TR, Sood N. Development, characterization and application of a new epithelial cell line from caudal fin of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878). Acta Trop 2018; 182:215-222. [PMID: 29545155 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A cell line, designated as PHF, has been established from caudal fin of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The cell line was developed using explant method and PHF cells have been subcultured for more than 72 passages over a period of 14 months. The cells were able to grow at temperatures between 24 and 32° C, with an optimum temperature of 28° C. The growth rate of PHF cells was directly proportional to FBS concentration, with optimum growth observed at 20% FBS concentration. On the basis of immunophenotyping assay, PHF cells were confirmed to be of epithelial type. Karyotyping of PHF cells revealed diploid number of chromosomes (2n = 60) at 39th and 65th passage, which indicated that the developed cell line is chromosomally stable. The origin of the cell line was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and 16S rRNA genes. The cell line was tested for Mycoplasma contamination and found to be negative. The cells were successfully transfected with GFP reporter gene suggesting that the developed cell line could be utilized for gene expression studies in future. The cell line could be successfully employed for evaluating the cytotoxicity of heavy metals, namely mercuric chloride and sodium arsenite suggesting that PHF cell line can be potential surrogate for whole fish for studying the cytotoxicity of water soluble compounds. The result of virus susceptibility to tilapia lake virus (TiLV) revealed that PHF cells were refractory to TiLV virus. The newly established cell line would be a useful tool for investigating disease outbreaks particularly of viral etiology, transgenic as well as cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Soni
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pravata K Pradhan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - T R Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - Neeraj Sood
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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114
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Shechonge A, Ngatunga BP, Bradbeer SJ, Day JJ, Freer JJ, Ford AGP, Kihedu J, Richmond T, Mzighani S, Smith AM, Sweke EA, Tamatamah R, Tyers AM, Turner GF, Genner MJ. Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2018; 832:235-253. [PMID: 30880833 PMCID: PMC6394791 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-018-3597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
From the 1950s onwards, programmes to promote aquaculture and improve capture fisheries in East Africa have relied heavily on the promise held by introduced species. In Tanzania these introductions have been poorly documented. Here we report the findings of surveys of inland water bodies across Tanzania between 2011 and 2017 that clarify distributions of tilapiine cichlids of the genus Oreochromis. We identified Oreochromis from 123 sampling locations, including 14 taxa restricted to their native range and three species that have established populations beyond their native range. Of these three species, the only exotic species found was blue-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis leucostictus), while Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Singida tilapia (Oreochromis esculentus), which are both naturally found within the country of Tanzania, have been translocated beyond their native range. Using our records, we developed models of suitable habitat for the introduced species based on recent (1960-1990) and projected (2050, 2070) East African climate. These models indicated that presence of suitable habitat for these introduced species will persist and potentially expand across the region. The clarification of distributions provided here can help inform the monitoring and management of biodiversity, and inform policy related to the future role of introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asilatu Shechonge
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Benjamin P. Ngatunga
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephanie J. Bradbeer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Julia J. Day
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Jennifer J. Freer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Antonia G. P. Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Research in Ecology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD UK
| | - Jonathan Kihedu
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Tabitha Richmond
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Semvua Mzighani
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alan M. Smith
- Evolutionary and Environmental Genomics Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU5 7RX UK
| | - Emmanuel A. Sweke
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rashid Tamatamah
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alexandra M. Tyers
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - George F. Turner
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Martin J. Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
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115
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Surachetpong W, Janetanakit T, Nonthabenjawan N, Tattiyapong P, Sirikanchana K, Amonsin A. Outbreaks of Tilapia Lake Virus Infection, Thailand, 2015-2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1031-1033. [PMID: 28518020 PMCID: PMC5443430 DOI: 10.3201/eid2306.161278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During 2015–2016, several outbreaks of tilapia lake virus infection occurred among tilapia in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus from Thailand grouped with a tilapia virus (family Orthomyxoviridae) from Israel. This emerging virus is a threat to tilapia aquaculture in Asia and worldwide.
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116
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Mugimba KK, Chengula AA, Wamala S, Mwega ED, Kasanga CJ, Byarugaba DK, Mdegela RH, Tal S, Bornstein B, Dishon A, Mutoloki S, David L, Evensen Ø, Munang'andu HM. Detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection by PCR in farmed and wild Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Victoria. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1181-1189. [PMID: 29473649 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD) has emerged to be an important viral disease of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) having the potential to impede expansion of aquaculture production. There is a need for rapid diagnostic tools to identify infected fish to limit the spread in individual farms. We report the first detection of TiLV infection by PCR in farmed and wild Nile tilapia from Lake Victoria. There was no difference in prevalence between farmed and wild fish samples (p = .65), and of the 442 samples examined from 191 fish, 28 were positive for TiLV by PCR. In terms of tissue distribution, the head kidney (7.69%, N = 65) and spleen (10.99%, N = 191), samples had the highest prevalence (p < .0028) followed by heart samples (3.45%, N = 29). Conversely, the prevalence was low in the liver (0.71%, N = 140) and absent in brain samples (0.0%, N = 17), which have previously been shown to be target organs during acute infections. Phylogenetic analysis showed homology between our sequences and those from recent outbreaks in Israel and Thailand. Given that these findings were based on nucleic acid detection by PCR, future studies should seek to isolate the virus from fish in Lake Victoria and show its ability to cause disease and virulence in susceptible fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Mugimba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A A Chengula
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - S Wamala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E D Mwega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - C J Kasanga
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - D K Byarugaba
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R H Mdegela
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - S Tal
- KoVaX Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - S Mutoloki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - L David
- R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ø Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - H M Munang'andu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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117
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Tattiyapong P, Sirikanchana K, Surachetpong W. Development and validation of a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for tilapia lake virus detection in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:255-261. [PMID: 29027697 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen associated with high mortalities of wild and farm-raised tilapia in different countries. In this study, a SYBR green-based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay targeting segment three of the virus was developed to detect and quantify TiLV in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish. All 30 field samples with clinical signs and history consistent with TiLV infection were positive for TiLV as detected by the developed RT-qPCR method. The RT-qPCR technique provided 100 and 10,000 times more sensitive for virus detection than those offered by the RT-PCR and virus isolation in cell culture methods, respectively. The detection limit of the RT-qPCR method was as low as two viral copies/μl. Moreover, the RT-qPCR technique could be applied for TiLV detection in various fish tissues including gills, liver, brain, heart, anterior kidney and spleen. Significantly, this study delivered an accurate and reliable method for rapid detection of TiLV viruses that facilitates active surveillance programme and disease containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tattiyapong
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (NRU-KU), Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Sirikanchana
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W Surachetpong
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (NRU-KU), Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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118
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Kabuusu RM, Aire AT, Stroup DF, Macpherson CNL, Ferguson HW. Production-level risk factors for syncytial hepatitis in farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:61-66. [PMID: 28921572 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Syncytial hepatitis (SHT) is an emerging viral disease of tilapia characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to establish the production-level risk factors associated with presence and severity of SHT. Production factors were analysed during multiple outbreaks of SHT that occurred between 2011 and 2013 on a single tilapia farm in Ecuador and compared with the year 2010 before the SHT outbreaks. Relative risks, t tests, modified Poisson and forward stepwise linear regression analyses were performed using EPIINFO™. Compared to other strains, Chitralada had an elevated risk of SHT [RR = 2.1 (95%CI 1.8-2.4)]. Excessive mortality associated with the presence (and severity) of SHT increased by 611 (365), 6,814 (5,768) and 388 (340) deaths per 100,000 fry when stocking density, dissolved oxygen and pond production cycles were raised by 1 fish/m2 , 1 mg/L and 1 cycle, respectively. Excessive mortality associated with the presence (and severity) of SHT decreased by 337 (258) and 1,354 (1,025) deaths per 100,000 when stocking weight and water temperature increased by 1 g and 1°C, respectively. Time (season and stocking year) was not significantly associated with SHT. This study shows that some production factors increase the risk incidence and severity of SHTon a farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Kabuusu
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | - A T Aire
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | - D F Stroup
- Data for Solutions, Inc., Decatur, GA, USA
| | - C N L Macpherson
- School of Graduate Studies, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | - H W Ferguson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
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119
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Nicholson P, Fathi MA, Fischer A, Mohan C, Schieck E, Mishra N, Heinimann A, Frey J, Wieland B, Jores J. Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus in Egyptian fish farms experiencing high mortalities in 2015. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1925-1928. [PMID: 28590067 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Nicholson
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M A Fathi
- WorldFish, Abbassa Research Center, Sharkia, Egypt
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Fischer
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C Mohan
- WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - E Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - N Mishra
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Heinimann
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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120
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Tattiyapong P, Dachavichitlead W, Surachetpong W. Experimental infection of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and red tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.). Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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121
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Munang'andu HM, Mugimba KK, Byarugaba DK, Mutoloki S, Evensen Ø. Current Advances on Virus Discovery and Diagnostic Role of Viral Metagenomics in Aquatic Organisms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:406. [PMID: 28382024 PMCID: PMC5360701 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global expansion of the aquaculture industry has brought with it a corresponding increase of novel viruses infecting different aquatic organisms. These emerging viral pathogens have proved to be a challenge to the use of traditional cell-cultures and immunoassays for identification of new viruses especially in situations where the novel viruses are unculturable and no antibodies exist for their identification. Viral metagenomics has the potential to identify novel viruses without prior knowledge of their genomic sequence data and may provide a solution for the study of unculturable viruses. This review provides a synopsis on the contribution of viral metagenomics to the discovery of viruses infecting different aquatic organisms as well as its potential role in viral diagnostics. High throughput Next Generation sequencing (NGS) and library construction used in metagenomic projects have simplified the task of generating complete viral genomes unlike the challenge faced in traditional methods that use multiple primers targeted at different segments and VPs to generate the entire genome of a novel virus. In terms of diagnostics, studies carried out this far show that viral metagenomics has the potential to serve as a multifaceted tool able to study and identify etiological agents of single infections, co-infections, tissue tropism, profiling viral infections of different aquatic organisms, epidemiological monitoring of disease prevalence, evolutionary phylogenetic analyses, and the study of genomic diversity in quasispecies viruses. With sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analytical tools becoming cheaper and easier, we anticipate that metagenomics will soon become a routine tool for the discovery, study, and identification of novel pathogens including viruses to enable timely disease control for emerging diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetron M. Munang'andu
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life SciencesOslo, Norway
| | - Kizito K. Mugimba
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life SciencesOslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversityKampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K. Byarugaba
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversityKampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life SciencesOslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life SciencesOslo, Norway
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122
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Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus in Clinical Samples by Culturing and Nested Reverse Transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 55:759-767. [PMID: 27974544 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01808-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia are an important group of farmed fish that serve as a significant protein source worldwide. In recent years, substantial mortality of wild tilapia has been observed in the Sea of Galilee and in commercial ponds in Israel and Ecuador. We have identified the etiological agent of these mass die-offs as a novel orthomyxo-like virus and named it tilapia lake virus (TiLV). Here, we provide the conditions for efficient isolation, culturing, and quantification of the virus, including the use of susceptible fish cell lines. Moreover, we describe a sensitive nested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay allowing the rapid detection of TiLV in fish organs. This assay revealed, for the first time to our knowledge, the presence of TiLV in diseased Colombian tilapia, indicating a wider distribution of this emerging pathogen and stressing the risk that TiLV poses for the global tilapia industry. Overall, the described procedures should provide the tilapia aquaculture industry with important tools for the detection and containment of this pathogen.
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123
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Del-Pozo J, Mishra N, Kabuusu R, Cheetham S, Eldar A, Bacharach E, Lipkin WI, Ferguson HW. Syncytial Hepatitis of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus L.) is Associated With Orthomyxovirus-Like Virions in Hepatocytes. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:164-170. [PMID: 27511312 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816658100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the presented work expands on the ultrastructural findings of an earlier report on "syncytial hepatitis," a novel disease of tilapia (SHT). Briefly, TEM confirmed the presence of an orthomyxovirus-like virus within the diseased hepatocytes but not within the endothelium. This was supported by observing extracellular and intracellular (mostly intraendosomal), 60-100 nm round virions with a trilaminar capsid containing up to 7 electron-dense aggregates. Other patterns noted included enveloped or filamentous virions and virion-containing cytoplasmic membrane folds, suggestive of endocytosis. Patterns atypical for orthymyxovirus included the formation of syncytia and the presence of virions within the perinuclear cisternae (suspected to be the Golgi apparatus). The ultrastructural morphology of SHT-associated virions is similar to that previously reported for tilapia lake virus (TiLV). A genetic homology was investigated using the available reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) probes for TiLV and comparing clinically sick with clinically normal fish and negative controls. By RT-PCR analysis, viral nucleic acid was detected only in diseased fish. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that a virus is causally associated with SHT, that this virus shares ultrastructural features with orthomyxoviruses, and it presents with partial genetic homology with TiLV (190 nucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Del-Pozo
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Mishra
- 2 Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Kabuusu
- 3 St George's University, St Georges, Grenada
| | - S Cheetham
- 3 St George's University, St Georges, Grenada
| | - A Eldar
- 4 The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Italy
| | | | - W I Lipkin
- 2 Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Subramaniam K, Gotesman M, Smith CE, Steckler NK, Kelley KL, Groff JM, Waltzek TB. Megalocytivirus infection in cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 119:253-258. [PMID: 27225209 DOI: 10.3354/dao02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Megalocytiviruses, such as infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), induce lethal systemic diseases in both ornamental and food fish species. In this study, we investigated an epizootic affecting Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus cultured in the US Midwest. Diseased fish displayed lethargy, gill pallor, and distension of the coelomic cavity due to ascites. Histopathological examination revealed a severe systemic abundance of intravascular megalocytes that were especially prominent in the gills, kidney, spleen, liver, and intestinal submucosa. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed abundant intracytoplasmic polygonal virions consistent with iridovirus infection. Comparison of the full-length major capsid protein nucleotide sequences from a recent outbreak with a remarkably similar case that occurred at the same facility many years earlier revealed that both epizootics were caused by ISKNV. A comparison of this case with previous reports suggests that ISKNV may represent a greater threat to tilapia aquaculture than previously realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuttichantran Subramaniam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Tilapia are an important global food source due to their omnivorous diet, tolerance for high-density aquaculture, and relative disease resistance. Since 2009, tilapia aquaculture has been threatened by mass die-offs in farmed fish in Israel and Ecuador. Here we report evidence implicating a novel orthomyxo-like virus in these outbreaks. The tilapia lake virus (TiLV) has a 10-segment, negative-sense RNA genome. The largest segment, segment 1, contains an open reading frame with weak sequence homology to the influenza C virus PB1 subunit. The other nine segments showed no homology to other viruses but have conserved, complementary sequences at their 5' and 3' termini, consistent with the genome organization found in other orthomyxoviruses. In situ hybridization indicates TiLV replication and transcription at sites of pathology in the liver and central nervous system of tilapia with disease. IMPORTANCE The economic impact of worldwide trade in tilapia is estimated at $7.5 billion U.S. dollars (USD) annually. The infectious agent implicated in mass tilapia die-offs in two continents poses a threat to the global tilapia industry, which not only provides inexpensive dietary protein but also is a major employer in the developing world. Here we report characterization of the causative agent as a novel orthomyxo-like virus, tilapia lake virus (TiLV). We also describe complete genomic and protein sequences that will facilitate TiLV detection and containment and enable vaccine development.
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126
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Kibenge F, Kibenge M. Orthomyxoviruses of Fish. AQUACULTURE VIROLOGY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7173593 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801573-5.00019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The family Orthomyxoviridae is well known for containing influenza viruses with a segmented RNA genome that is prone to gene reassortment in mixed infections (known as antigenic shift) resulting in new virus subtypes that cause pandemics, and cumulative mutations (known as antigenic drift), resulting in new virus strains that cause epidemics. This family also contains infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) and tilapia lake virus (TiLV), which are a unique orthomyxoviruses that infect fish and is unable to replicate above room temperature (24°C). This chapter describes the comparative virology of members in the family Orthomyxoviridae in general, helping to understand the emergent teleost orthomyxoviruses, ISAV and TiLV. The most current information on virus–host interactions of the fish orthomyxoviruses, particularly ISAV, as they relate to variations in virus structure, virulence, persistence, host range and immunological aspects is presented in detail.
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