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Shang R, Lal N, Puri K, Hussein B, Rodrigues B. Involvement of Heparanase in Endothelial Cell-Cardiomyocyte Crosstalk. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:721-745. [PMID: 32274734 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the management of diabetes has focused mainly on controlling high blood glucose levels. Unfortunately, despite valiant efforts to normalize this blood glucose, poor medication management predisposes these patients to heart failure. Following diabetes, how the heart utilizes different sources of fuel for energy is key to the development of heart failure. The diabetic heart switches from using both glucose and fats, to predominately using fats as an energy resource for maintaining its activities. This transformation to using fats as an exclusive source of energy is helpful in the initial stages of the disease and is tightly controlled. However, over the progression of diabetes, there is a loss of this controlled supply and use of fats, which ultimately has terrible consequences since the uncontrolled use of fats produces toxic by-products which weaken heart function and cause heart disease. Heparanase is a key player that directs how much fats are provided to the heart and does so in association with several partners like LPL and VEGFs. Together, they regulate the amount of fats supplied, and their subsequent breakdown to provide energy. Following diabetes, there is a disruption in this network resulting in fat oversupply and cell death. Understanding how the heparanase-LPL-VEGFs "ensemble" cooperates, and its dysfunction in the diabetic heart would be useful in restoring metabolic equilibrium and limiting diabetes-related cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Lal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karanjit Puri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bahira Hussein
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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102
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Morales PE, Arias-Durán C, Ávalos-Guajardo Y, Aedo G, Verdejo HE, Parra V, Lavandero S. Emerging role of mitophagy in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 71:100822. [PMID: 31587811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Healthy mitochondrial function is imperative for most tissues, but especially those with a high energy demand. Robust evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction with cardiovascular disease has demonstrated that mitochondrial activity is highly relevant to cardiac muscle performance. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained through coordination among the processes that comprise the so-called mitochondrial dynamics machinery. The most-studied elements of cardiac mitochondrial dynamics are mitochondrial fission and fusion, biogenesis and degradation. Selective autophagic removal of mitochondria (mitophagy) is essential for clearing away defective mitochondria but can lead to cell damage and death if not tightly controlled. In cardiovascular cells such as cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, mitophagy is involved in metabolic activity, cell differentiation, apoptosis and other physiological processes related to major phenotypic changes. Modulation of mitophagy has detrimental and/or beneficial outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial degradation in the heart could provide valuable clinical insights. Here, we discuss current evidence supporting the role of mitophagy in cardiac pathophysiology, with an emphasis on different research models and their interpretations; basic concepts related to this selective autophagy; and the most commonly used experimental approaches for studying this mechanism. Finally, we provide a comprehensive literature analysis on the role of mitophagy in heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion, diabetic cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as its potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Arias-Durán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yáreni Ávalos-Guajardo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldine Aedo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for the Study of High-lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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103
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Asiatic acid inhibits cardiac fibrosis throughNrf2/HO-1 and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathways in spontaneous hypertension rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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104
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Yusuff O, Abdul
Raheem MAO, Mukadam AA, Sulaimon RO. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Antioxidant Activities of C. olitorius and V. amygdalina by Spectrophotometric and DFT Methods. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13671-13680. [PMID: 31497684 PMCID: PMC6714516 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanism of the antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of the leaves of two vegetables [Corchorus olitorius (C. olitorius) and Vernonia amygdalina (V. amygdalina)] have been studied using experimental and theoretical approaches. The kinetics (second order and pseudo-first order) of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the leaf extracts at varying times (30-90 min) were determined using the UV-visible spectrophotometry method at λmax = 517 nm, whereas the mechanism was studied by density functional theory at two levels of functionals (B3LYP and LC-ωPBE) using bond dissociation enthalpy and adiabatic ionization potential values. Molecular properties such as the highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, electronegativity (χ), electrophilicity (ω), hardness (η), and softness (S) of the predominant phenolic antioxidants were also compared. The second-order kinetics is favored by both plants rather than pseudo-first order; however, V. amygdalina with a second-order rate constant k 2 of 0.0152 (mM)-1 min-1 is faster in scavenging DPPH radicals than C. olitorius with a k 2 value of 0.0093 (mM)-1min-1. Chlorogenic acid and luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide, which are the most abundant phenolic acid antioxidant in C. olitorius and V. amygdalina, both preferably scavenge the DPPH radical via a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. This is evident from their lower bond dissociation enthalpy values than the adiabatic ionization potential values. Successful molecular docking of these phenolic compounds indicates that both compounds form favorable interactions with the therapeutic target, xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaniyi
K. Yusuff
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Modinah Adenike O. Abdul
Raheem
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria
- E-mail: ., . Tel: +2348035952356
| | - Abdulrahman A. Mukadam
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ridwan Oladayo Sulaimon
- Department
of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals, P.O. Box 5061, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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105
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Li X, Liu J, Shang X. Effect of tranilast on myocardial fibrosis in diabetes rats through TGF-β/Smad pathway. Minerva Med 2019; 112:153-154. [PMID: 31295986 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China -
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingfu Shang
- Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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106
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Bailcalin Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy through Keap1/Nrf2/AMPK-Mediated Antioxidative and Lipid-Lowering Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3206542. [PMID: 31354905 PMCID: PMC6636513 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3206542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that Bailcalin (BAI) prevented cardiac injuries under different disease models. Whether BAI protected against type 2 diabetes mellitus- (T2DM-) associated cardiomyopathy was investigated in this study. T2DM was established by the combination of streptozotocin injection and high-fat diet in mice. BAI was administered daily for 6 months. After evaluating cardiac functions, mice hearts were removed and processed for morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanism analyses. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) were isolated and treated with high glucose and palmitate (HG/Pal) for in vitro investigation. BAI significantly ameliorated T2DM-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and lipid accumulation accompanied by markedly improved cardiac functions in diabetic mice. Mechanically, BAI restored decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and enhanced expression and nuclei translocation of Nrf2. In in vitro experiments, BAI also prevented NRCM from HG/Pal-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress injuries by increasing p-AMPK and Nrf2 accumulation. The means by which BAI restored p-AMPK seemed to be related to the antioxidative effects of Nrf2 after silencing AMPK or Nrf2 in NRCM. Furthermore, BAI regulated Nrf2 by inhibiting Nrf2 ubiquitination and consequent degradation mediated by Keap1. This study showed that BAI alleviated diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocyte injuries in vivo and in vitro via Keap1/Nrf2/AMPK-mediated antioxidation and lipid-lowering effects. BAI might be a potential adjuvant drug for diabetes cardiomyopathy treatment.
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107
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Yang ZJ, Wang HR, Wang YI, Zhai ZH, Wang LW, Li L, Zhang C, Tang L. Myricetin Attenuated Diabetes-Associated Kidney Injuries and Dysfunction via Regulating Nuclear Factor (Erythroid Derived 2)-Like 2 and Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:647. [PMID: 31244660 PMCID: PMC6580432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Previous studies have suggested that myricetin (Myr) could promote the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like (Nrf2). This study aimed to investigate whether Myr could attenuate diabetes-associated kidney injuries and dysfunction in wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 knockdown (Nrf2-KD) mice. Methods: Lentivirus-mediated Nrf2-KD and WT mice were used to establish type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. WT and Nrf2-KD mice were then randomly allocated into four groups: control (CON), Myr, STZ, and STZ + Myr. Myr (100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered for 6 months. Kidneys were harvested and weighed at the end of the experiment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to assess the morphology and fibrosis of the kidneys, respectively. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was used to test renal function. Western blotting was performed to determine oxidative-stress- or inflammation-associated signaling pathways. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of fibrosis or inflammatory cytokines at the message Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) level. Results: In WT mice, Myr alleviated DM-induced renal dysfunction, fibrosis, and oxidative damage and enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. After knockdown of Nrf2, Myr treatment partially but significantly mitigated DM-induced renal dysfunction and fibrosis, which might be associated with inhibition of the I-kappa-B (IκB)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (P65) signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study showed that Myr prevented DM-associated decreased expression of Nrf2 and inhibited IκB/NF-κB (P65) signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of IκB/NF-κB (P65) signaling pathway is independent of the regulation of Nrf2. Thus, Myr could be a potential treatment for preventing the development and progression of DM-associated kidney injuries and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Yang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ru Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Iin Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Han Zhai
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu-Wei Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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108
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Tetrahydrocurcumin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Attenuating High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis via Activating the SIRT1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6746907. [PMID: 31210844 PMCID: PMC6532281 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6746907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis play a crucial role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a major bioactive metabolite of natural antioxidant curcumin, is reported to exert even more effective antioxidative and superior antifibrotic properties as well as anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic abilities. This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of THC on experimental DCM and its underlying mechanisms, pointing to the role of high glucose-induced oxidative stress and interrelated fibrosis. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, oral administration of THC (120 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks significantly improved the cardiac function and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mechanically, THC administration remarkably increased the expression of the SIRT1 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo, further evidenced by decreased downstream molecule Ac-SOD2 and enhanced deacetylated production SOD2, which finally strengthened antioxidative stress capacity proven by repaired activities of SOD and GSH-Px and reduced MDA production. Additionally, THC treatment accomplished its antifibrotic effect by depressing the ROS-induced TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway followed by reduced expression of cardiac fibrotic markers α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III. Collectively, these finds demonstrated the therapeutic potential of THC treatment to alleviate DCM mainly by attenuating hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis via activating the SIRT1 pathway.
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109
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Aboumsallem JP, Muthuramu I, Mishra M, De Geest B. Cholesterol-Lowering Gene Therapy Prevents Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092222. [PMID: 31064116 PMCID: PMC6539537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia may be causally related to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to establish a HFpEF model associated with hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus by feeding a high-sucrose/high-fat (HSHF) diet to C57BL/6J low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr)−/− mice. Secondly, we evaluated whether cholesterol-lowering adeno-associated viral serotype 8 (AAV8)-mediated LDLr gene transfer prevents HFpEF. AAV8-LDLr gene transfer strongly (p < 0.001) decreased plasma cholesterol in standard chow (SC) mice (66.8 ± 2.5 mg/dl versus 213 ± 12 mg/dl) and in HSHF mice (84.6 ± 4.4 mg/dl versus 464 ± 25 mg/dl). The HSHF diet induced cardiac hypertrophy and pathological remodeling, which were potently counteracted by AAV8-LDLr gene transfer. Wet lung weight was 19.0% (p < 0.001) higher in AAV8-null HSHF mice than in AAV8-null SC mice, whereas lung weight was normal in AAV8-LDLr HSHF mice. Pressure–volume loop analysis was consistent with HFpEF in AAV8-null HSHF mice and showed a completely normal cardiac function in AAV8-LDLr HSHF mice. Treadmill exercise testing demonstrated reduced exercise capacity in AAV8-null HSHF mice but a normal capacity in AAV8-LDLr HSHF mice. Reduced oxidative stress and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α may mediate the beneficial effects of cholesterol lowering. In conclusion, AAV8-LDLr gene therapy prevents HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ilayaraja Muthuramu
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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110
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Chicoric acid prevents methotrexate-induced kidney injury by suppressing NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and up-regulating Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:511-523. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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111
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Nikolajević Starčević J, Janić M, Šabovič M. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Diastolic Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051197. [PMID: 30857271 PMCID: PMC6429211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetic patients, cardiomyopathy is an important cause of heart failure, but its pathophysiology has not been completely understood thus far. Myocardial hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction have been considered the hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), while systolic function is affected in the latter stages of the disease. In this article we propose the potential pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for myocardial hypertrophy and increased myocardial stiffness leading to diastolic dysfunction in this specific entity. According to our model, increased myocardial stiffness results from both cellular and extracellular matrix stiffness as well as cell–matrix interactions. Increased intrinsic cardiomyocyte stiffness is probably the most important contributor to myocardial stiffness. It results from the impairment in cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton. Several other mechanisms, specifically affected by diabetes, seem to also be significantly involved in myocardial stiffening, i.e., impairment in the myocardial nitric oxide (NO) pathway, coronary microvascular dysfunction, increased inflammation and oxidative stress, and myocardial sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2)-mediated effects. Better understanding of the complex pathophysiology of DCM suggests the possible value of drugs targeting the listed mechanisms. Antidiabetic drugs, NO-stimulating agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and SGLT-2 inhibitors are emerging as potential treatment options for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Nikolajević Starčević
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miodrag Janić
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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112
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Luo W, Jin Y, Wu G, Zhu W, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhu A, Liang G. Blockage of ROS and MAPKs-mediated inflammation via restoring SIRT1 by a new compound LF10 prevents type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:24-35. [PMID: 30857947 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and severe complication of diabetes. A multitude of factors are involved in the pathogenesis of DCM including chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. We have recently shown that compound LF10 prevents inflammatory responses in an animal model of lung injury. In the present study, we explored the protective effects and mechanism of LF10 against DCM using a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and high glucose (HG)-challenged cultured cardiomyocytes. We show that LF10 suppressed diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, which was accompanied by preservation of cardiac function in mice. Mechanistically, LF10 prevented increases in the levels of pro-inflammatory molecules and oxidative stress under in vitro and in vivo diabetic conditions. Moreover, LF10 restored HG-downregulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in cardiomyocytes and prevented HG-induced activation of MAPKs. Using specific small-molecule regulators, we found that SIRT1 was an upstream signal of MAPKs. In conclusion, LF10 inhibited ROS and MAPKs-mediated inflammation by restoring SIRT1, and prevented development of DCM. LF10 targeted both oxidative stress and inflammation, two tightly interconnected pathogenic pathways, which makes LF10 a highly advantageous therapeutic drug potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieli Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China.
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113
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AIM2 gene silencing attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic rat model. Life Sci 2019; 221:249-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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114
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Althunibat OY, Al Hroob AM, Abukhalil MH, Germoush MO, Bin-Jumah M, Mahmoud AM. Fisetin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2019; 221:83-92. [PMID: 30742869 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative damage has been described as a major mechanism leading to pathologic changes associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Fisetin is a bioactive flavonol molecule found in many plants and possesses various biological activities. The present study investigated the protective effect of fisetin on diabetes-induced cardiac injury. METHODS Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and both diabetic and control rats were treated with 2.5 mg/kg fisetin for six weeks. KEY FINDINGS Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, and increased glycosylated hemoglobin and serum lipids accompanied with significant hypoinsulinism. In addition, diabetic rats showed several histological alterations in the myocardium, and significantly increased serum troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase. Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis markers were increased, whereas antioxidant defenses were significantly reduced in the diabetic heart. Treatment with fisetin alleviated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and heart function markers, and minimized histological alterations in the myocardium. Fisetin suppressed oxidative stress, prevented inflammation and apoptosis, and boosted antioxidant defenses in the heart of diabetic rats. SIGNIFICANCE Fisetin attenuated the development of DCM via amelioration of hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia-mediated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, it might be worth considering the therapeutic potential of fisetin for human DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Y Althunibat
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Amir M Al Hroob
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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115
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Li C, Zhang J, Xue M, Li X, Han F, Liu X, Xu L, Lu Y, Cheng Y, Li T, Yu X, Sun B, Chen L. SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic mice heart. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:15. [PMID: 30710997 PMCID: PMC6359811 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycaemia associated with myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis is the main cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor has recently been reported to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in an insulin-independent manner. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on myocardium injury and the potential mechanism in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice. Methods Thirty diabetic KK-Ay mice were administered empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, heart structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Oxidants and antioxidants were measured and cardiac fibrosis was analysed using immunohistochemistry, Masson’s trichrome stain and Western blot. Results Results showed that empagliflozin improved diabetic myocardial structure and function, decreased myocardial oxidative stress and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis. Further study indicated that empagliflozin suppressed oxidative stress and fibrosis through inhibition of the transforming growth factor β/Smad pathway and activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling. Conclusions Glycaemic control with empagliflozin significantly ameliorated myocardial oxidative stress injury and cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice. Taken together, these results indicate that the empagliflozin is a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mei Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Fei Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Linxin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yunhong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ting Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Liming Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2155-2172. [PMID: 30551473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of cardiovascular damage presents in diabetic patients independent of the coexistence of ischemic heart disease or hypertension. It is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation time, myocardial dilatation and hypertrophy and reduced systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes in the diabetic heart are most likely multifactorial and include, but not limited to, oxidative/nitrosative stress, increased advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and cell death. The aim of this review is to address the major molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of DCM. In addition, this review provides studies conducted to determine the pharmacological effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, focusing on its therapeutic potential against the processes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. EGCG has been shown to exert several potential therapeutic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Given its therapeutic potential, EGCG might be a promising drug candidate to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with DCM and other diabetes complications.
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117
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Sárközy M, Kovács ZZA, Kovács MG, Gáspár R, Szűcs G, Dux L. Mechanisms and Modulation of Oxidative/Nitrative Stress in Type 4 Cardio-Renal Syndrome and Renal Sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1648. [PMID: 30534079 PMCID: PMC6275322 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem and a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CKD could amplify the progression of chronic heart failure leading to the development of type 4 cardio-renal syndrome (T4CRS). The severity and persistence of heart failure are strongly associated with mortality risk in T4CRS. CKD is also a catabolic state leading to renal sarcopenia which is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle strength and physical function. Renal sarcopenia also promotes the development of CVD and increases the mortality in CKD patients. In turn, heart failure developed in T4CRS could result in chronic muscle hypoperfusion and metabolic disturbances leading to or aggravating the renal sarcopenia. The interplay of multiple factors (e.g., comorbidities, over-activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [RAAS], sympathetic nervous system [SNS], oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, etc.) may result in the progression of T4CRS and renal sarcopenia. Among these factors, oxidative/nitrative stress plays a crucial role in the complex pathomechanism and interrelationship between T4CRS and renal sarcopenia. In the heart and skeletal muscle, mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and xanthine oxidase are major ROS sources producing superoxide anion (O2·−) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). O2·− reacts with nitric oxide (NO) forming peroxynitrite (ONOO−) which is a highly reactive nitrogen species (RNS). High levels of ROS/RNS cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, interacts with both DNA repair enzymes and transcription factors, leads to the oxidation/nitration of key proteins involved in contractility, calcium handling, metabolism, antioxidant defense mechanisms, etc. It also activates the inflammatory response, stress signals inducing cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, or cell death via different mechanisms (e.g., apoptosis, necrosis) and dysregulates autophagy. Therefore, the thorough understanding of the mechanisms which lead to perturbations in oxidative/nitrative metabolism and its relationship with pro-inflammatory, hypertrophic, fibrotic, cell death and other pathways would help to develop strategies to counteract systemic and tissue oxidative/nitrative stress in T4CRS and renal sarcopenia. In this review, we also focus on the effects of some well-known and novel pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and physical exercise on cardiac and skeletal muscle oxidative/nitrative stress in T4CRS and renal sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Sárközy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Z A Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika G Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Dux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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118
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30425651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517, 10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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119
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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120
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Ilkan Z, Akar FG. The Mitochondrial Translocator Protein and the Emerging Link Between Oxidative Stress and Arrhythmias in the Diabetic Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1518. [PMID: 30416455 PMCID: PMC6212558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is a key outer mitochondrial membrane protein that regulates the activity of energy-dissipating mitochondrial channels in response to oxidative stress. In this article, we provide an overview of the role of TSPO in the systematic amplification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through an autocatalytic process known as ROS-induced ROS-release (RIRR). We describe how this TSPO-driven process destabilizes the mitochondrial membrane potential leading to electrical instability at the cellular and whole heart levels. Finally, we provide our perspective on the role of TSPO in the pathophysiology of diabetes, in general and diabetes-related arrhythmias, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Ilkan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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121
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Recent Trends in Potential Therapeutic Applications of the Dietary Flavonoid Didymin. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102547. [PMID: 30301216 PMCID: PMC6222367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Didymin (isosakuranetin 7-O-rutinoside) is an orally bioactive dietary flavonoid glycoside first found in citrus fruits. Traditionally, this flavonoid has long been used in Asian countries as a dietary antioxidant. Recent studies have provided newer insights into this pleiotropic compound, which could regulate multiple biological activities of many important signaling molecules in health and disease. Emerging data also presented the potential therapeutic application of dietary flavonoid glycoside didymin against cancer, neurological diseases, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases. In this review, we briefly introduce the source and extraction methods of didymin, and summarize its potential therapeutic application in the treatment of various diseases, with an emphasis on molecular targets and mechanism that contributes to the observed therapeutic effects. The dietary flavonoid didymin can be used to affect health and disease with multiple therapeutic targets, and it is anticipated that this review will stimulate the future development of this potential dietary medicine.
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122
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Wang S, Zhao Z, Feng X, Cheng Z, Xiong Z, Wang T, Lin J, Zhang M, Hu J, Fan Y, Reiter RJ, Wang H, Sun D. Melatonin activates Parkin translocation and rescues the impaired mitophagy activity of diabetic cardiomyopathy through Mst1 inhibition. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5132-5144. [PMID: 30063115 PMCID: PMC6156356 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria and thus plays a cardinal role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We observed the favourable effects of melatonin on cardiomyocyte mitophagy in mice with DCM and elucidated their underlying mechanisms. Electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis revealed that melatonin reduced the number of impaired mitochondria in the diabetic heart. Other than decreasing mitochondrial biogenesis, melatonin increased the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria in mice with DCM. Melatonin increased LC3 II expression as well as the colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes in HG‐treated cardiomyocytes and the number of typical autophagosomes engulfing mitochondria in the DCM heart. These results indicated that melatonin promoted mitophagy. When probing the mechanism, increased Parkin translocation to the mitochondria may be responsible for the up‐regulated mitophagy exerted by melatonin. Parkin knockout counteracted the beneficial effects of melatonin on the cardiac mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetic disorders, thus abolishing the substantial effects of melatonin on cardiac remodelling with DCM. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited Mammalian sterile 20‐like kinase 1 (Mst1) phosphorylation, thus enhancing Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, which contributed to mitochondrial quality control. In summary, this study confirms that melatonin rescues the impaired mitophagy activity of DCM. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to activation of Parkin translocation via inhibition of Mst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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123
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An Antioxidant Potential, Quantum-Chemical and Molecular Docking Study of the Major Chemical Constituents Present in the Leaves of Curatella americana Linn. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030072. [PMID: 30036950 PMCID: PMC6161303 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated in the normal biological systems, primarily by enzymes as xanthine oxidase (XO). The inappropriate scavenging or inhibition of ROS has been considered to be linked with aging, inflammatory disorders, and chronic diseases. Therefore, many plants and their products have been investigated as natural antioxidants for their potential use in preventive medicine. The leaves and bark extracts of Curatella americana Linn. were described in scientific research as anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, anti-ulcerogenic, and hypolipidemic effects. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of leaf hydroalcoholic extract from C. americana (HECA) through the scavenging DPPH assay and their main chemical constituents, evaluated by the following quantum chemical approaches (DFT B3LYP/6-31G**): Maps of Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Frontier Orbital’s (HOMO and LUMO) followed by multivariate analysis and molecular docking simulations with the xanthine oxidase enzyme. The hydroalcoholic extract showed significant antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging probably due to the great presence of flavonoids, which were grouped in the PCA and HCA analysis with the standard gallic acid. In the molecular docking study, the compounds studied presented the binding free energy (ΔG) values close each other, due to the similar interactions with amino acids residues at the activity site. The descriptors Gap and softness were important to characterize the molecules with antioxidant potential by capturing oxygen radicals.
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Holo-lipocalin-2-derived siderophores increase mitochondrial ROS and impair oxidative phosphorylation in rat cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1576-1581. [PMID: 29378951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720570115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), a critical component of the innate immune response which binds siderophores and limits bacterial iron acquisition, can elicit spillover adverse proinflammatory effects. Here we show that holo-Lcn2 (Lcn2-siderophore-iron, 1:3:1) increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and attenuates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in adult rat primary cardiomyocytes in a manner blocked by N-acetyl-cysteine or the mitochondria-specific antioxidant SkQ1. We further demonstrate using siderophores 2,3-DHBA (2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid) and 2,5-DHBA that increased ROS and reduction in oxidative phosphorylation are direct effects of the siderophore component of holo-Lcn2 and not due to apo-Lcn2 alone. Extracellular apo-Lcn2 enhanced the potency of 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA to increase ROS production and decrease mitochondrial respiratory capacity, whereas intracellular apo-Lcn2 attenuated these effects. These actions of holo-Lcn2 required an intact plasma membrane and were decreased by inhibition of endocytosis. The hearts, but not serum, of Lcn2 knockout (LKO) mice contained lower levels of 2,5-DHBA compared with wild-type hearts. Furthermore, LKO mice were protected from ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study identifies the siderophore moiety of holo-Lcn2 as a regulator of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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