101
|
Tosco A, Villella VR, Castaldo A, Kroemer G, Maiuri L, Raia V. Repurposing therapies for the personalised treatment of cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1483231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tosco
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria R. Villella
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe11 labellisée Ligue Nationale Contrele Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, HôpitalEuropéen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Yanda MK, Liu Q, Cebotaru L. A potential strategy for reducing cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a CFTR corrector. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11513-11526. [PMID: 29875161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is associated with progressive enlargement of cysts, leading to a decline in function and renal failure that cannot be prevented by current treatments. Mutations in pkd1 and pkd2, encoding the polycystin 1 and 2 proteins, induce growth-related pathways, including heat shock proteins, as occurs in some cancers, raising the prospect that pharmacological interventions that target these pathways might alleviate or prevent ADPKD. Here, we demonstrate a role for VX-809, a corrector of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), conventionally used to manage cystic fibrosis in reducing renal cyst growth. VX-809 reduced cyst growth in Pkd1-knockout mice and in proximal, tubule-derived, cultured Pkd1 knockout cells. VX-809 reduced both basal and forskolin-activated cAMP levels and also decreased the expression of the adenylyl cyclase AC3 but not of AC6. VX-809 also decreased resting levels of intracellular Ca2+ but did not affect ATP-stimulated Ca2+ release. Notably, VX-809 dramatically decreased thapsigargin-induced release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). VX-809 also reduced the levels of heat shock proteins Hsp27, Hsp70, and Hsp90 in mice cystic kidneys, consistent with the restoration of cellular proteostasis. Moreover, VX-809 strongly decreased an ER stress marker, the GADD153 protein, and cell proliferation but had only a small effect on apoptosis. Given that administration of VX-809 is safe, this drug potentially offers a new way to treat patients with ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Yanda
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Qiangni Liu
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Ozhathil LC, Delalande C, Bianchi B, Nemeth G, Kappel S, Thomet U, Ross‐Kaschitza D, Simonin C, Rubin M, Gertsch J, Lochner M, Peinelt C, Reymond J, Abriel H. Identification of potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of the cation channel TRPM4. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2504-2519. [PMID: 29579323 PMCID: PMC6002741 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE TRPM4 is a calcium-activated non-selective cation channel expressed in many tissues and implicated in several diseases, and has not yet been validated as a therapeutic target due to the lack of potent and selective inhibitors. We sought to discover a novel series of small-molecule inhibitors by combining in silico methods and cell-based screening assay, with sub-micromolar potency and improved selectivity from previously reported TRPM4 inhibitors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Here, we developed a high throughput screening compatible assay to record TRPM4-mediated Na+ influx in cells using a Na+ -sensitive dye and used this assay to screen a small set of compounds selected by ligand-based virtual screening using previously known weakly active and non-selective TRPM4 inhibitors as seed molecules. Conventional electrophysiological methods were used to validate the potency and selectivity of the hit compounds in HEK293 cells overexpressing TRPM4 and in endogenously expressing prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Chemical chaperone property of compound 5 was studied using Western blots and electrophysiology experiments. KEY RESULTS A series of halogenated anthranilic amides were identified with TRPM4 inhibitory properties with sub-micromolar potency and adequate selectivity. We also showed for the first time that a naturally occurring variant of TRPM4, which displays loss-of-expression and function, is rescued by the most promising compound 5 identified in this study. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The discovery of compound 5, a potent and selective inhibitor of TRPM4 with an additional chemical chaperone feature, revealed new opportunities for studying the role of TRPM4 in human diseases and developing clinical drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijo Cherian Ozhathil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Clémence Delalande
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Beatrice Bianchi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gabor Nemeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Sven Kappel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Urs Thomet
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Daniela Ross‐Kaschitza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Céline Simonin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Rubin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Christine Peinelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCureUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Markossian S, Ang KK, Wilson CG, Arkin MR. Small-Molecule Screening for Genetic Diseases. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2018; 19:263-288. [PMID: 29799800 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genetic determinants of many diseases, including monogenic diseases and cancers, have been identified; nevertheless, targeted therapy remains elusive for most. High-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecules, including high-content analysis (HCA), has been an important technology for the discovery of molecular tools and new therapeutics. HTS can be based on modulation of a known disease target (called reverse chemical genetics) or modulation of a disease-associated mechanism or phenotype (forward chemical genetics). Prominent target-based successes include modulators of transthyretin, used to treat transthyretin amyloidoses, and the BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor Gleevec, used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia. Phenotypic screening successes include modulators of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, splicing correctors for spinal muscular atrophy, and histone deacetylase inhibitors for cancer. Synthetic lethal screening, in which chemotherapeutics are screened for efficacy against specific genetic backgrounds, is a promising approach that merges phenotype and target. In this article, we introduce HTS technology and highlight its contributions to the discovery of drugs and probes for monogenic diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarine Markossian
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , ,
| | - Kenny K Ang
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , ,
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , ,
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Liu J, Bihler H, Farinha CM, Awatade NT, Romão AM, Mercadante D, Cheng Y, Musisi I, Jantarajit W, Wang Y, Cai Z, Amaral MD, Mense M, Sheppard DN. Partial rescue of F508del-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel gating with modest improvement of protein processing, but not stability, by a dual-acting small molecule. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1017-1038. [PMID: 29318594 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rescue of F508del-cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the most common CF mutation, requires small molecules that overcome protein processing, stability and channel gating defects. Here, we investigate F508del-CFTR rescue by CFFT-004, a small molecule designed to independently correct protein processing and channel gating defects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using CFTR-expressing recombinant cells and CF patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells, we studied CFTR expression by Western blotting and channel gating and stability with the patch-clamp and Ussing chamber techniques. KEY RESULTS Chronic treatment with CFFT-004 improved modestly F508del-CFTR processing, but not its plasma membrane stability. By contrast, CFFT-004 rescued F508del-CFTR channel gating better than C18, an analogue of the clinically used CFTR corrector lumacaftor. Subsequent acute addition of CFFT-004, but not C18, potentiated F508del-CFTR channel gating. However, CFFT-004 was without effect on A561E-CFTR, a CF mutation with a comparable mechanism of CFTR dysfunction as F508del-CFTR. To investigate the mechanism of action of CFFT-004, we used F508del-CFTR revertant mutations. Potentiation by CFFT-004 was unaffected by revertant mutations, but correction was abolished by the revertant mutation G550E. These data suggest that correction, but not potentiation, by CFFT-004 might involve nucleotide-binding domain 1 of CFTR. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CFFT-004 is a dual-acting small molecule with independent corrector and potentiator activities that partially rescues F508del-CFTR in recombinant cells and native airway epithelia. The limited efficacy and potency of CFFT-004 suggests that combinations of small molecules targeting different defects in F508del-CFTR might be a more effective therapeutic strategy than a single agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hermann Bihler
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Carlos M Farinha
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nikhil T Awatade
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Romão
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Yi Cheng
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Isaac Musisi
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Walailak Jantarajit
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Center of Calcium and Bone Research and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yiting Wang
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martin Mense
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Kym PR, Wang X, Pizzonero M, Van der Plas SE. Recent Progress in the Discovery and Development of Small-Molecule Modulators of CFTR. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 57:235-276. [PMID: 29680149 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder driven by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. While different mutations lead to varying levels of disease severity, the most common CFTR F508del mutation leads to defects in protein stability, trafficking to the cell membrane and gating of chloride ions. Recently, advances in medicinal chemistry have led to the identification small-molecule drugs that result in significant clinical efficacy in improving lung function in CF patients. Multiple CFTR modulators are required to fix the various defects in the CFTR protein. Small-molecule potentiators increase the open-channel probability and improve the gating of ions through CFTR. Small-molecule correctors stabilize the protein fold of the mutant channel, facilitating protein maturation and translocation to the cellular membrane. Recent data suggest that triple-combination therapy consisting of a potentiator and two correctors that operate through distinct mechanisms will be required to deliver highly significant clinical efficacy for most CF patients. The progress in medicinal chemistry that has led to the identification of novel CFTR potentiators and correctors is presented in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phil R Kym
- AbbVie Discovery Chemistry and Technology, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xueqing Wang
- AbbVie Discovery Chemistry and Technology, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Perkins LA, Fisher GW, Naganbabu M, Schmidt BF, Mun F, Bruchez MP. High-Content Surface and Total Expression siRNA Kinase Library Screen with VX-809 Treatment Reveals Kinase Targets that Enhance F508del-CFTR Rescue. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:759-767. [PMID: 29384380 PMCID: PMC5844356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The most promising
F508del-CFTR corrector, VX-809, has been unsuccessful
as an effective, stand-alone treatment for CF patients, but the rescue
effect in combination with other drugs may confer an acceptable level
of therapeutic benefit. Targeting cellular factors that modify trafficking
may act to enhance the cell surface density of F508-CFTR with VX-809
correction. Our goal is to identify druggable kinases that enhance
F508del-CFTR rescue and stabilization at the cell surface beyond that
achievable with the VX-809 corrector alone. To achieve this goal,
we implemented a new high-throughput screening paradigm that quickly
and quantitatively measures surface density and total protein in the
same cells. This allowed for rapid screening for increased surface
targeting and proteostatic regulation. The assay utilizes fluorogen-activating-protein
(FAP) technology with cell excluded and cell permeant fluorogenic
dyes in a quick, wash-free fluorescent plate reader format on live
cells to first measure F508del-CFTR expressed on the surface and then
the total amount of F508del-CFTR protein present. To screen for kinase
targets, we used Dharmacon’s ON-TARGETplus SMARTpool siRNA Kinase library (715 target kinases) with and without
10 μM VX-809 treatment in triplicate at 37 °C. We identified
several targets that had a significant interaction with VX-809 treatment
in enhancing surface density with siRNA knockdown. Select small-molecule
inhibitors of the kinase targets demonstrated augmented surface expression
with VX-809 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matharishwan Naganbabu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Tomati V, Caci E, Ferrera L, Pesce E, Sondo E, Cholon DM, Quinney NL, Boyles SE, Armirotti A, Ravazzolo R, Galietta LJ, Gentzsch M, Pedemonte N. Thymosin α-1 does not correct F508del-CFTR in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98699. [PMID: 29415893 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del) in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel causes misfolding and premature degradation. Considering the numerous effects of the F508del mutation on the assembly and processing of CFTR protein, combination therapy with several pharmacological correctors is likely to be required to treat CF patients. Recently, it has been reported that thymosin α-1 (Tα-1) has multiple beneficial effects that could lead to a single-molecule-based therapy for CF patients with F508del. Such effects include suppression of inflammation, improvement in F508del-CFTR maturation and gating, and stimulation of chloride secretion through the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC). Given the importance of such a drug, we aimed to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of Tα-1. In-depth analysis of Tα-1 effects was performed using well-established microfluorimetric, biochemical, and electrophysiological techniques on epithelial cell lines and primary bronchial epithelial cells from CF patients. The studies, which were conducted in 2 independent laboratories with identical outcome, demonstrated that Tα-1 is devoid of activity on mutant CFTR as well as on CaCC. Although Tα-1 may still be useful as an antiinflammatory agent, its ability to target defective anion transport in CF remains to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tomati
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Caci
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Loretta Ferrera
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pesce
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Elvira Sondo
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Deborah M Cholon
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy L Quinney
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan E Boyles
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Analytical Chemistry Lab, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,University of Genova, DINOGMI Department, Genova, Italy
| | - Luis Jv Galietta
- Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Sutanto EN, Scaffidi A, Garratt LW, Looi K, Foo CJ, Tessari MA, Janssen RA, Fischer DF, Stick SM, Kicic A. Assessment of p.Phe508del-CFTR functional restoration in pediatric primary cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191618. [PMID: 29360847 PMCID: PMC5779693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene can reduce function of the CFTR ion channel activity and impair cellular chloride secretion. The gold standard method to assess CFTR function of ion transport using the Ussing chamber requires a high number of airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface, limiting the application of this method for high throughput screening of potential therapeutic compounds in primary airway epithelial cells (pAECs) featuring less common CFTR mutations. This study assessed an alternative approach, using a small scale halide assay that can be adapted for a personalized high throughput setting to analyze CFTR function of pAEC. METHODS Pediatric pAECs derived from children with CF (pAECCF) were established and expanded as monolayer cultures, before seeding into 96-well plates for the halide assay. Cells were then transduced with an adenoviral construct containing yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) reporter gene, alone or in combination with either wild-type CFTR (WT-CFTR) or p.Phe508del CFTR. Four days post transduction, cells were stimulated with forskolin and genistein, and assessed for quenching of the eYFP signal following injection of iodide solution into the assay media. RESULTS Data showed that pAECCF can express eYFP at high efficiency following transduction with the eYFP construct. The halide assay was able to discriminate functional restoration of CFTR in pAECCF treated with either WT-CFTR construct or the positive controls syntaxin 8 and B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 shRNAs. SIGNIFICANCE The current study demonstrates that the halide assay can be adapted for pediatric pAECCF to evaluate restoration of CFTR function. With the ongoing development of small molecules to modulate the folding and/or activity of various mutated CFTR proteins, this halide assay presents a small-scale personalized screening platform that could assess therapeutic potential of molecules across a broad range of CFTR mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika N. Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amelia Scaffidi
- Office of Research Enterprise, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke W. Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clara J. Foo
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Stephen M. Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - on behalf of AREST CF
- Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor Treatment of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Heterozygous for F508del-CFTR. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:213-219. [PMID: 27898234 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201609-689oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In a prior study, lumacaftor/ivacaftor treatment (≤28 d) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) heterozygous for F508del-CFTR did not improve lung function. OBJECTIVES To evaluate an optimized lumacaftor/ivacaftor dosing regimen with a longer duration in a cohort of patients heterozygous for F508del-CFTR. METHODS Patients aged 18 years or older with a confirmed CF diagnosis and percent predicted FEV1 (ppFEV1) of 40 to 90 were randomized to lumacaftor/ivacaftor (400 mg/250 mg every 12 h) or placebo daily for 56 days. Primary outcomes were change in ppFEV1 at Day 56 and safety. Other disease markers were evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 126 patients, 119 (94.4%) completed the study. Lumacaftor/ivacaftor was well tolerated, although chest tightness and dyspnea occurred more frequently with active treatment than with placebo (27.4% vs. 14.3% and 14.5% vs. 6.3%, respectively). Mean (SD) ppFEV1 values at baseline were 62.9 (14.3) in the active treatment group and 60.1 (14.0) in the placebo group. Absolute changes in ppFEV1 (least squares mean [SE]) at Day 56 were -0.6 (0.8) percentage points in the active treatment group and -1.2 (0.8) percentage points in the placebo group (P = 0.60). CF respiratory symptom scores in the active treatment group improved by a mean of 5.7 points versus a decrease of -0.8 in the placebo group (P < 0.01). No changes in body mass index occurred. Changes from baseline in sweat chloride (least squares mean [SE]) at Day 56 were -11.8 (1.3) mmol/L in the active treatment group and -0.8 (1.2) mmol/L in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Sweat chloride and respiratory symptom scores improved with lumacaftor/ivacaftor, though no meaningful benefit was seen in ppFEV1 or body mass index in patients heterozygous for F508del-CFTR. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01225211).
Collapse
|
111
|
Angelbello AJ, Chen JL, Childs-Disney JL, Zhang P, Wang ZF, Disney MD. Using Genome Sequence to Enable the Design of Medicines and Chemical Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1599-1663. [PMID: 29322778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in genome sequencing technology has put us firmly into a postgenomic era. A key challenge in biomedical research is harnessing genome sequence to fulfill the promise of personalized medicine. This Review describes how genome sequencing has enabled the identification of disease-causing biomolecules and how these data have been converted into chemical probes of function, preclinical lead modalities, and ultimately U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. In particular, we focus on the use of oligonucleotide-based modalities to target disease-causing RNAs; small molecules that target DNA, RNA, or protein; the rational repurposing of known therapeutic modalities; and the advantages of pharmacogenetics. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities in the direct utilization of genome sequence to enable design of medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Angelbello
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jonathan L Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jessica L Childs-Disney
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Peiyuan Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Van der Plas SE, Kelgtermans H, De Munck T, Martina SLX, Dropsit S, Quinton E, De Blieck A, Joannesse C, Tomaskovic L, Jans M, Christophe T, van der Aar E, Borgonovi M, Nelles L, Gees M, Stouten P, Van Der Schueren J, Mammoliti O, Conrath K, Andrews M. Discovery of N-(3-Carbamoyl-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-5,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran-2-yl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (GLPG1837), a Novel Potentiator Which Can Open Class III Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Channels to a High Extent. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1425-1435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Kelgtermans
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Tom De Munck
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Evelyne Quinton
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ann De Blieck
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Linda Tomaskovic
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Mia Jans
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Monica Borgonovi
- Galapagos SASU, 102
Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Luc Nelles
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Maarten Gees
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Pieter Stouten
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Oscar Mammoliti
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Katja Conrath
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Martin Andrews
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Therapeutic Approaches to Acquired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Dysfunction in Chronic Bronchitis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 13 Suppl 2:S169-76. [PMID: 27115953 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201509-601kv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common cause of morbidity and a rising cause of mortality worldwide. Its rising impact indicates the ongoing unmet need for novel and effective therapies. Previous work has established a pathophysiological link between the chronic bronchitis phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis as well as phenotypic similarities between these two airways diseases. An extensive body of evidence has established that cigarette smoke and its constituents contribute to acquired dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein in the airways, pointing to a mechanistic link with smoking-related and chronic bronchitis. Recent interest surrounding new drugs that target both mutant and wild-type CFTR channels has paved the way for a new treatment opportunity addressing the mucus defect in chronic bronchitis. We review the clinical and pathologic evidence for modulating CFTR to address acquired CFTR dysfunction and pragmatic issues surrounding clinical trials as well as a discussion of other ion channels that may represent alternative therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
114
|
Bridges RJ, Bradbury NA. Cystic Fibrosis, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator and Drugs: Insights from Cellular Trafficking. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 245:385-425. [PMID: 29460152 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic cell is organized into membrane-delineated compartments that are characterized by specific cadres of proteins sustaining biochemically distinct cellular processes. The appropriate subcellular localization of proteins is key to proper organelle function and provides a physiological context for cellular processes. Disruption of normal trafficking pathways for proteins is seen in several genetic diseases, where a protein's absence for a specific subcellular compartment leads to organelle disruption, and in the context of an individual, a disruption of normal physiology. Importantly, several drug therapies can also alter protein trafficking, causing unwanted side effects. Thus, a deeper understanding of trafficking pathways needs to be appreciated as novel therapeutic modalities are proposed. Despite the promising efficacy of novel therapeutic agents, the intracellular bioavailability of these compounds has proved to be a potential barrier, leading to failures in treatments for various diseases and disorders. While endocytosis of drug moieties provides an efficient means of getting material into cells, the subsequent release and endosomal escape of materials into the cytosol where they need to act has been a barrier. An understanding of cellular protein/lipid trafficking pathways has opened up strategies for increasing drug bioavailability. Approaches to enhance endosomal exit have greatly increased the cytosolic bioavailability of drugs and will provide a means of investigating previous drugs that may have been shelved due to their low cytosolic concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Bridges
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neil A Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Taylor-Cousar JL, Munck A, McKone EF, van der Ent CK, Moeller A, Simard C, Wang LT, Ingenito EP, McKee C, Lu Y, Lekstrom-Himes J, Elborn JS. Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Homozygous for Phe508del. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:2013-2023. [PMID: 29099344 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1709846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination treatment with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators tezacaftor (VX-661) and ivacaftor (VX-770) was designed to target the underlying cause of disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. METHODS In this phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, we evaluated combination therapy with tezacaftor and ivacaftor in patients 12 years of age or older who had cystic fibrosis and were homozygous for the CFTR Phe508del mutation. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 100 mg of tezacaftor once daily and 150 mg of ivacaftor twice daily or matched placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the absolute change in the percentage of the predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) through week 24 (calculated in percentage points); relative change in the percentage of the predicted FEV1 through week 24 (calculated as a percentage) was a key secondary end point. RESULTS Of the 510 patients who underwent randomization, 509 received tezacaftor-ivacaftor or placebo, and 475 completed 24 weeks of the trial regimen. The mean FEV1 at baseline was 60.0% of the predicted value. The effects on the absolute and relative changes in the percentage of the predicted FEV1 in favor of tezacaftor-ivacaftor over placebo were 4.0 percentage points and 6.8%, respectively (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rate of pulmonary exacerbation was 35% lower in the tezacaftor-ivacaftor group than in the placebo group (P=0.005). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups. Most adverse events were of mild severity (in 41.8% of patients overall) or moderate severity (in 40.9% overall), and serious adverse events were less frequent with tezacaftor-ivacaftor (12.4%) than with placebo (18.2%). A total of 2.9% of patients discontinued the assigned regimen owing to adverse events. Fewer patients in the tezacaftor-ivacaftor group than in the placebo group had respiratory adverse events, none of which led to discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS The combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor was efficacious and safe in patients 12 years of age or older who had cystic fibrosis and were homozygous for the CFTR Phe508del mutation. (Funded by Vertex Pharmaceuticals; EVOLVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02347657 .).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Anne Munck
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Edward F McKone
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Alexander Moeller
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Christopher Simard
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Linda T Wang
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Edward P Ingenito
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Charlotte McKee
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Yimeng Lu
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - Julie Lekstrom-Himes
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- From National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris (A. Munck); University College Dublin School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C.K.E.); University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A. Moeller); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (C.S., L.T.W., E.P.I., C.M., Y.L., J.L.-H.); and Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Queens University, Belfast - all in the United Kingdom (J.S.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Maillé É, Ruffin M, Adam D, Messaoud H, Lafayette SL, McKay G, Nguyen D, Brochiero E. Quorum Sensing Down-Regulation Counteracts the Negative Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on CFTR Channel Expression, Function and Rescue in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:470. [PMID: 29177135 PMCID: PMC5686086 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels is crucial in human airways. However unfortunately, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has been shown to impair CFTR proteins in non-CF airway epithelial cells (AEC) and to alter the efficiency of new treatments with CFTR modulators designed to correct the basic CFTR default in AEC from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients carrying the F508del mutation. Our aim was first to compare the effect of laboratory strains, clinical isolates, engineered and natural mutants to determine the role of the LasR quorum sensing system in CFTR impairment, and second, to test the efficiency of a quorum sensing inhibitor to counteract the deleterious impact of P. aeruginosa both on wt-CFTR and on the rescue of F508del-CFTR by correctors. We first report that exoproducts from either the laboratory PAO1 strain or a clinical ≪Early≫ isolate (from an early stage of infection) altered CFTR expression, localization and function in AEC expressing wt-CFTR. Genetic inactivation of the quorum-sensing LasR in PAO1 (PAO1ΔlasR) or in a natural clinical mutant (≪Late≫ CF-adapted clinical isolate) abolished wt-CFTR impairment. PAO1 exoproducts also dampened F508del-CFTR rescue by VRT-325 or Vx-809 correctors in CF cells, whereas PAO1ΔlasR had no impact. Importantly, treatment of P. aeruginosa cultures with a quorum sensing inhibitor (HDMF) prevented the negative effect of P. aeruginosa exoproducts on wt-CFTR and preserved CFTR rescue by correctors in CF AEC. These findings indicate that LasR-interfering strategies could be of benefits to counteract the deleterious effect of P. aeruginosa in infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Maillé
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hatem Messaoud
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shantelle L. Lafayette
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey McKay
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Correcting CFTR folding defects by small-molecule correctors to cure cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:83-90. [PMID: 29055231 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological intervention to treat the lethal genetic disease cystic fibrosis has become reality, even for the severe, most common folding mutant F508del CFTR. CFTR defects range from absence of the protein, misfolding that leads to degradation rather than cell-surface localization (such as F508del), to functional chloride-channel defects on the cell surface. Corrector and potentiator drugs improve cell-surface location and channel activity, respectively, and combination therapy of two correctors and a potentiator have shown synergy. Several combinations are in the drug-development pipeline and although the primary defect is not repaired, rescue levels are reaching those resembling a cure for CF. Combination therapy with correctors may also improve functional CFTR mutants and benefit patients on potentiator therapy.
Collapse
|
118
|
Pranke IM, Hatton A, Simonin J, Jais JP, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Carsin A, Bonnette P, Fayon M, Stremler-Le Bel N, Grenet D, Thumerel M, Mazenq J, Urbach V, Mesbahi M, Girodon-Boulandet E, Hinzpeter A, Edelman A, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Correction of CFTR function in nasal epithelial cells from cystic fibrosis patients predicts improvement of respiratory function by CFTR modulators. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7375. [PMID: 28785019 PMCID: PMC5547155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies with modulators of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein have demonstrated that functional restoration of the mutated CFTR can lead to substantial clinical benefit. However, studies have shown highly variable patient responses. The objective of this study was to determine a biomarker predictive of the clinical response. CFTR function was assessed in vivo via nasal potential difference (NPD) and in human nasal epithelial (HNE) cultures by the response to Forskolin/IBMX and the CFTR potentiator VX-770 in short-circuit-current (∆IscF/I+V) experiments. CFTR expression was evaluated by apical membrane fluorescence semi-quantification. Isc measurements discriminated CFTR function between controls, healthy heterozygotes, patients homozygous for the severe F508del mutation and patients with genotypes leading to absent or residual function. ∆IscF/I+V correlated with CFTR cellular apical expression and NPD measurements. The CFTR correctors lumacaftor and tezacaftor significantly increased the ∆IscF/I+V response to about 25% (SEM = 4.4) of the WT-CFTR level and the CFTR apical expression to about 22% (SEM = 4.6) of the WT-CFTR level in F508del/F508del HNE cells. The level of CFTR correction in HNE cultures significantly correlated with the FEV1 change at 6 months in 8 patients treated with CFTR modulators. We provide the first evidence that correction of CFTR function in HNE cell cultures can predict respiratory improvement by CFTR modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona M Pranke
- Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253 - team 2, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Hatton
- Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253 - team 2, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Simonin
- Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253 - team 2, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean Philippe Jais
- Biostatistics Department, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ania Carsin
- Service de Pneumo-Pédiatrie, Hôpital de la Timonne, Marseille, France
| | | | - Michael Fayon
- Service de Pneumo-Pédiatrie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Mazenq
- Service de Pneumo-Pédiatrie, Hôpital de la Timonne, Marseille, France
| | - Valerie Urbach
- Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253 - team 2, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Mesbahi
- Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253 - team 2, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emanuelle Girodon-Boulandet
- Service de génétique et biologie moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hinzpeter
- Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253 - team 2, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253 - team 2, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253 - team 2, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Hohwieler M, Perkhofer L, Liebau S, Seufferlein T, Müller M, Illing A, Kleger A. Stem cell-derived organoids to model gastrointestinal facets of cystic fibrosis. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:609-624. [PMID: 28815024 PMCID: PMC5548342 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616670565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most frequently occurring inherited human diseases caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which lead to ample defects in anion transport and epithelial fluid secretion. Existing models lack both access to early stages of CF development and a coeval focus on the gastrointestinal CF phenotypes, which become increasingly important due increased life span of the affected individuals. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of gastrointestinal facets of CF and the opportunity to model these in various systems in an attempt to understand and treat CF. A particular focus is given on forward-leading organoid cultures, which may circumvent current limitations of existing models and thereby provide a platform for drug testing and understanding of disease pathophysiology in gastrointestinal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Oesterbergstr. 3, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anett Illing
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Vauthier V, Housset C, Falguières T. Targeted pharmacotherapies for defective ABC transporters. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 136:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
121
|
Efficacy and safety of lumacaftor and ivacaftor in patients aged 6–11 years with cystic fibrosis homozygous for F508del-CFTR : a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2017; 5:557-567. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
122
|
Hudson RP, Dawson JE, Chong PA, Yang Z, Millen L, Thomas PJ, Brouillette CG, Forman-Kay JD. Direct Binding of the Corrector VX-809 to Human CFTR NBD1: Evidence of an Allosteric Coupling between the Binding Site and the NBD1:CL4 Interface. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:124-135. [PMID: 28546419 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of action of modulator compounds for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is key for the optimization of therapeutics as well as obtaining insights into the molecular mechanisms of CFTR function. We demonstrate the direct binding of VX-809 to the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of human CFTR. Disruption of the interaction between C-terminal helices and the NBD1 core upon VX-809 binding is observed from chemical shift changes in the NMR spectra of residues in the helices and on the surface of β-strands S3, S9, and S10. Binding to VX-809 leads to a significant negative shift in NBD1 thermal melting temperature (Tm), pointing to direct VX-809 interaction shifting the NBD1 conformational equilibrium. An inter-residue correlation analysis of the chemical shift changes provides evidence of allosteric coupling between the direct binding site and the NBD1:CL4 interface, thus enabling effects on the interface in the absence of direct binding in that location. These NMR binding data and the negative Tm shifts are very similar to those previously reported by us for binding of the dual corrector-potentiator CFFT-001 to NBD1 (Hudson et al., 2012), suggesting that the two compounds may share some aspects of their mechanisms of action. Although previous studies have shown an important role for VX-809 in modulating the conformation of the first membrane spanning domain (Aleksandrov et al., 2012; Ren et al., 2013), this additional mode of VX-809 binding provides insight into conformational dynamics and allostery within CFTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhea P Hudson
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.H, J.E.D., P.A.C., J.D.F.-K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.D.F.-K.); Center for Structural Biology (Z.Y., C.G.B.) and Department of Chemistry (C.G.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (L.M., P.J.T.)
| | - Jennifer E Dawson
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.H, J.E.D., P.A.C., J.D.F.-K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.D.F.-K.); Center for Structural Biology (Z.Y., C.G.B.) and Department of Chemistry (C.G.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (L.M., P.J.T.)
| | - P Andrew Chong
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.H, J.E.D., P.A.C., J.D.F.-K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.D.F.-K.); Center for Structural Biology (Z.Y., C.G.B.) and Department of Chemistry (C.G.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (L.M., P.J.T.)
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.H, J.E.D., P.A.C., J.D.F.-K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.D.F.-K.); Center for Structural Biology (Z.Y., C.G.B.) and Department of Chemistry (C.G.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (L.M., P.J.T.)
| | - Linda Millen
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.H, J.E.D., P.A.C., J.D.F.-K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.D.F.-K.); Center for Structural Biology (Z.Y., C.G.B.) and Department of Chemistry (C.G.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (L.M., P.J.T.)
| | - Philip J Thomas
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.H, J.E.D., P.A.C., J.D.F.-K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.D.F.-K.); Center for Structural Biology (Z.Y., C.G.B.) and Department of Chemistry (C.G.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (L.M., P.J.T.)
| | - Christie G Brouillette
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.H, J.E.D., P.A.C., J.D.F.-K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.D.F.-K.); Center for Structural Biology (Z.Y., C.G.B.) and Department of Chemistry (C.G.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (L.M., P.J.T.)
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.H, J.E.D., P.A.C., J.D.F.-K.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.D.F.-K.); Center for Structural Biology (Z.Y., C.G.B.) and Department of Chemistry (C.G.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (L.M., P.J.T.).
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Reisdorf WC, Chhugani N, Sanseau P, Agarwal P. Harnessing public domain data to discover and validate therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:687-693. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1329296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William C. Reisdorf
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Neha Chhugani
- Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, Belle Mead, NJ, USA
| | - Philippe Sanseau
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Pankaj Agarwal
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie W Ramsey
- From the Department Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (B.W.R.), the Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (B.W.R.), the Immune Tolerance Network (G.T.N.), and the Benaroya Research Institute (G.T.N.) - all in Seattle; and the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (S.L.)
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- From the Department Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (B.W.R.), the Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (B.W.R.), the Immune Tolerance Network (G.T.N.), and the Benaroya Research Institute (G.T.N.) - all in Seattle; and the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (S.L.)
| | - Sagar Lonial
- From the Department Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (B.W.R.), the Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute (B.W.R.), the Immune Tolerance Network (G.T.N.), and the Benaroya Research Institute (G.T.N.) - all in Seattle; and the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Lopes-Pacheco M, Boinot C, Sabirzhanova I, Rapino D, Cebotaru L. Combination of Correctors Rescues CFTR Transmembrane-Domain Mutants by Mitigating their Interactions with Proteostasis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:2194-2210. [PMID: 28448979 PMCID: PMC7082854 DOI: 10.1159/000475578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Premature degradation of mutated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein causes cystic fibrosis (CF), the commonest Mendelian disease in Caucasians. Despite recent advances in precision medicines for CF patients, many CFTR mutants have not been characterized and the effects of these new therapeutic approaches are still unclear for those mutants. METHODS Cells transfected or stably expressing four CFTR transmembrane-domain mutants (G85E, E92K, L1077P, and M1101K) were used to: 1) characterize the mutants according to their protein expression, thermal sensitivity, and degradation pathways; 2) evaluate the effects of correctors in rescuing them; and 3) explore the effects of correctors on CFTR interactions with proteostasis components. RESULTS All four mutants exhibited lower protein expression than did wild type-CFTR, and they were degraded by proteasomes and aggresomes. At low temperature, only cells expressing the mutants L1077P and M1101K exhibited increased CFTR maturation. Co-administration of C4 and C18 showed the greatest effect, restoring functional expression and partial stability of CFTR bearing E92K, L1077P, or M1101K at the cell surface. However, this treatment was inefficient in rectifying the defect of CFTR bearing G85E. Correctors rescued CFTR mutants by reducing their interactions with proteostasis components associated with protein retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and ubiquitination. CONCLUSION Co-administration of C4 and C18 rescued CFTR transmembrane-domain mutants by remodeling the CFTR interactome.
Collapse
|
126
|
Abstract
Pulmonary disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis, a disease caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. Heterogeneity in CFTR genotype–phenotype relationships in affected individuals plus the escalation of drug discovery targeting specific mutations highlights the need to develop robust in vitro platforms with which to stratify therapeutic options using relevant tissue. Toward this goal, we adapted a fluorescence plate reader assay of apical CFTR-mediated chloride conductance to enable profiling of a panel of modulators on primary nasal epithelial cultures derived from patients bearing different CFTR mutations. This platform faithfully recapitulated patient-specific responses previously observed in the “gold-standard” but relatively low-throughput Ussing chamber. Moreover, using this approach, we identified a novel strategy with which to augment the response to an approved drug in specific patients. In proof of concept studies, we also validated the use of this platform in measuring drug responses in lung cultures differentiated from cystic fibrosis iPS cells. Taken together, we show that this medium throughput assay of CFTR activity has the potential to stratify cystic fibrosis patient-specific responses to approved drugs and investigational compounds in vitro in primary and iPS cell-derived airway cultures. A new method for evaluating drug responses in patient-derived respiratory tissue promises to help determine the best treatment for each patient with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF patients are highly susceptible to lung infections due to the build-up of thick mucus in the airways. Over 2000 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene have been identified in patients with CF, which partly explains their varied response to treatment. Saumel Ahmadi, Christine E. Bear, and colleagues at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto developed a fluorescence-based method for measuring improvements in mutant CFTR function in patient-derived nasal and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung tissue. This method enables comparison of approved and investigational drugs on airway cells from each individual patient and in the longer term will accelerate the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
127
|
Billet A, Froux L, Hanrahan JW, Becq F. Development of Automated Patch Clamp Technique to Investigate CFTR Chloride Channel Function. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:195. [PMID: 28439239 PMCID: PMC5383655 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloride (Cl-) channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is defective in cystic fibrosis (CF), and mutation of its encoding gene leads to various defects such as retention of the misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, reduced stability at the plasma membrane, abnormal channel gating with low open probability, and thermal instability, which leads to inactivation of the channel at physiological temperature. Pharmacotherapy is one major therapeutic approach in the CF field and needs sensible and fast tools to identify promising compounds. The high throughput screening assays available are often fast and sensible techniques but with lack of specificity. Few works used automated patch clamp (APC) for CFTR recording, and none have compared conventional and planar techniques and demonstrated their capabilities for different types of experiments. In this study, we evaluated the use of planar parallel APC technique for pharmacological search of CFTR-trafficking correctors and CFTR function modulators. Using optimized conditions, we recorded both wt- and corrected F508del-CFTR Cl- currents with automated whole-cell patch clamp and compared the data to results obtained with conventional manual whole-cell patch clamp. We found no significant difference in patch clamp parameters such as cell capacitance and series resistance between automated and manual patch clamp. Also, the results showed good similarities of CFTR currents recording between the two methods. We showed that similar stimulation protocols could be used in both manual and automatic techniques allowing precise control of temperature, classic I/V relationship, and monitoring of current stability in time. In conclusion, parallel patch-clamp recording allows rapid and efficient investigation of CFTR currents with a variety of tests available and could be considered as new tool for medium throughput screening in CF pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Billet
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers - ERL7368, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - Lionel Froux
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers - ERL7368, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, MontrealQC, Canada.,McGill Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, MontrealQC, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, MontrealQC, Canada
| | - Frederic Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers - ERL7368, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiquePoitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Milla CE, Ratjen F, Marigowda G, Liu F, Waltz D, Rosenfeld M. Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in Patients Aged 6-11 Years with Cystic Fibrosis and Homozygous for F508del-CFTR. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:912-920. [PMID: 27805836 PMCID: PMC5440888 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201608-1754oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Combination lumacaftor/ivacaftor has been shown to improve lung function and other endpoints in patients aged 12 years and older with cystic fibrosis and homozygous for F508del-CFTR, but it has not been assessed in younger patients. OBJECTIVES In this open-label phase III trial, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of lumacaftor/ivacaftor combination therapy in patients aged 6-11 years with cystic fibrosis who were homozygous for F508del-CFTR. METHODS Patients (N = 58) received 200 mg lumacaftor/250 mg ivacaftor orally every 12 hours for 24 weeks in addition to their existing cystic fibrosis medications. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Lumacaftor/ivacaftor was well tolerated; the safety profile was generally similar to that observed in larger lumacaftor/ivacaftor trials with older patients. Four patients discontinued (two because of drug-related adverse events: elevated liver transaminases, n = 1; rash, n = 1). No safety concerns were associated with spirometry. No significant changes in percent predicted FEV1 were observed (change from baseline at Week 24, +2.5 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.2 to 5.2; P = 0.0671). At Week 24, significant improvements from baseline were observed in sweat chloride (-24.8 mmol/L; 95% CI, -29.1 to -20.5; P < 0.0001), body mass index z score (+0.15; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.22; P < 0.0001), Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised respiratory domain score (+5.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 9.4; P = 0.0085), and lung clearance index based on lung volume turnover required to reach 2.5% of starting N2 concentration (-0.88; 95% CI, -1.40 to -0.37; P = 0.0018). CONCLUSIONS Lumacaftor/ivacaftor was well tolerated in this young population; no new safety concerns were identified. Improvements in lung clearance index, sweat chloride, nutritional status, and health-related quality of life were observed after 24 weeks of treatment. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01897233).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Milla
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Felix Ratjen
- 2 Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Fang Liu
- 3 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Waltz
- 3 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- 4 Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington; and
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Hegde RN, Subramanian A, Pothukuchi P, Parashuraman S, Luini A. Rare ER protein misfolding-mistrafficking disorders: Therapeutic developments. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:175-185. [PMID: 28222887 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a functional protein at the appropriate location in the cell is the result of the processes of transcription, translation, folding and trafficking to the correct destination. There are numerous diseases that are caused by protein misfolding, mainly due to mutations in the respective gene. The consequences of this misfolding may be that proteins effectively lose their function, either by being removed by the cellular quality control machinery or by accumulating at the incorrect intracellular or extracellular location. A number of mutations that lead to protein misfolding and affect trafficking to the final destination, e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Wilson's disease, and Progressive Familial Intrahepatic 1 cholestasis, result in proteins that retain partial function if their folding and trafficking is restored either by molecular or pharmacological means. In this review, we discuss several mutant proteins within this class of misfolding diseases and provide an update on the status of molecular and therapeutic developments and potential therapeutic strategies being developed to counter these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Advait Subramanian
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico SDN, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Liang F, Shang H, Jordan NJ, Wong E, Mercadante D, Saltz J, Mahiou J, Bihler HJ, Mense M. High-Throughput Screening for Readthrough Modulators of CFTR PTC Mutations. SLAS Technol 2017; 22:315-324. [PMID: 28376702 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317692561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A large number of nearly 2000 reported mutations, including the premature termination codon (PTC) mutations, urgently require new and personalized medicines. We have developed cell-based assays for readthrough modulators of CFTR PTC mutations (or nonsense mutation suppressors), based on the trafficking and surface expression of CFTR. Approximately 85,000 compounds have been screened for two PTC mutations (Y122X and W1282X). The hit rates at the threshold of 50% greater than vehicle response are 2% and 1.4% for CFTR Y122X and CFTR W1282X, respectively. The overlap of the two hit sets at this stringent hit threshold is relatively small. Only ~28% of the hits from the W1282X screen were also hits in the Y122X screen. The overlap increases to ~50% if compounds are included that in the second screen achieve only a less stringent hit criterion, that is, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity greater than three standard deviations above the mean of the vehicle. Our data suggest that personalization may not need to address individual genotypes, but that patients with different CFTR PTC mutations could benefit from the same medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Haibo Shang
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Nikole J Jordan
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Eric Wong
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Dayna Mercadante
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Josef Saltz
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Mahiou
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Hermann J Bihler
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Martin Mense
- 1 CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and its stability. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:23-38. [PMID: 27734094 PMCID: PMC5209436 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for the disease cystic fibrosis (CF). It is a membrane protein belonging to the ABC transporter family functioning as a chloride/anion channel in epithelial cells around the body. There are over 1500 mutations that have been characterised as CF-causing; the most common of these, accounting for ~70 % of CF cases, is the deletion of a phenylalanine at position 508. This leads to instability of the nascent protein and the modified structure is recognised and then degraded by the ER quality control mechanism. However, even pharmacologically ‘rescued’ F508del CFTR displays instability at the cell’s surface, losing its channel function rapidly and it is rapidly removed from the plasma membrane for lysosomal degradation. This review will, therefore, explore the link between stability and structure/function relationships of membrane proteins and CFTR in particular and how approaches to study CFTR structure depend on its stability. We will also review the application of a fluorescence labelling method for the assessment of the thermostability and the tertiary structure of CFTR.
Collapse
|
132
|
Beekman JM. Individualized medicine using intestinal responses to CFTR potentiators and correctors. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:S23-S34. [PMID: 27662101 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators that target the mutant CFTR protein are being introduced for treatment of cystic fibrosis. Stratification of subjects based on their CFTR genotype has been proven essential to demonstrate clinical efficacy of these novel treatments. Despite this stratification, considerable heterogeneity between subjects receiving CFTR modulators is still observed which remains largely uncharacterized. The CFTR genotype, and additional genetic and environmental factors that impact either tissue-specific CFTR protein characteristics or the pharmacokinetic properties of treatments will likely determine the individual response to therapy. The development of intestinal biomarkers for CFTR modulators may help to better quantitate individual responses to treatment, with potential to optimize treatments for subjects with limited responses, and the selection of responsive subjects that currently do not receive treatments. Here, recent advances concerning the use of intestinal biomarkers for CFTR modulator treatments are reviewed, with a focus on biomarkers of CFTR function in ex vivo rectal biopsies and in vitro cultured primary intestinal organoids. Their potential value is considered in the context of the current unmet needs for better treatments for the majority of subjects with CF, and individual biomarkers that enable the prediction of long term therapeutic responses to CFTR modulators. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:S23-S34. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Regenerative Medical Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Schmidt BZ, Haaf JB, Leal T, Noel S. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators in cystic fibrosis: current perspectives. Clin Pharmacol 2016; 8:127-140. [PMID: 27703398 PMCID: PMC5036583 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common recessive monogenic disease worldwide. These mutations alter the synthesis, processing, function, or half-life of CFTR, the main chloride channel expressed in the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the airway, intestine, pancreas, and reproductive tract. Lung disease is the most critical manifestation of CF. It is characterized by airway obstruction, infection, and inflammation that lead to fatal tissue destruction. In spite of great advances in early and multidisciplinary medical care, and in our understanding of the pathophysiology, CF is still considerably reducing the life expectancy of patients. This review highlights the current development in pharmacological modulators of CFTR, which aim at rescuing the expression and/or function of mutated CFTR. While only Kalydeco® and Orkambi® are currently available to patients, many other families of CFTR modulators are undergoing preclinical and clinical investigations. Drug repositioning and personalized medicine are particularly detailed in this review as they represent the most promising strategies for restoring CFTR function in CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Z Schmidt
- Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven
| | - Jérémy B Haaf
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Teresinha Leal
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Noel
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Lopes-Pacheco M. CFTR Modulators: Shedding Light on Precision Medicine for Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:275. [PMID: 27656143 PMCID: PMC5011145 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-threatening monogenic disease afflicting Caucasian people. It affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, glandular and reproductive systems. The major cause of morbidity and mortality in CF is the respiratory disorder caused by a vicious cycle of obstruction of the airways, inflammation and infection that leads to epithelial damage, tissue remodeling and end-stage lung disease. Over the past decades, life expectancy of CF patients has increased due to early diagnosis and improved treatments; however, these patients still present limited quality of life. Many attempts have been made to rescue CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression, function and stability, thereby overcoming the molecular basis of CF. Gene and protein variances caused by CFTR mutants lead to different CF phenotypes, which then require different treatments to quell the patients' debilitating symptoms. In order to seek better approaches to treat CF patients and maximize therapeutic effects, CFTR mutants have been stratified into six groups (although several of these mutations present pleiotropic defects). The research with CFTR modulators (read-through agents, correctors, potentiators, stabilizers and amplifiers) has achieved remarkable progress, and these drugs are translating into pharmaceuticals and personalized treatments for CF patients. This review summarizes the main molecular and clinical features of CF, emphasizes the latest clinical trials using CFTR modulators, sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying these new and emerging treatments, and discusses the major breakthroughs and challenges to treating all CF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Ong T, Ramsey BW. New Therapeutic Approaches to Modulate and Correct Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. Pediatr Clin North Am 2016; 63:751-64. [PMID: 27469186 PMCID: PMC5478192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are clinically available personalized medicines approved for some individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) to target the underlying defect of disease. This review summarizes strategies used to develop CFTR modulators as therapies that improve function and availability of CFTR protein. Lessons learned from dissemination of ivacaftor across the CF population responsive to this therapy and future approaches to predict and monitor treatment response of CFTR modulators are discussed. The goal remains to expand patient-centered and personalized therapy to all patients with CF, ultimately improving life expectancy and quality of life for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thida Ong
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics,Seattle Children’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine
| | - Bonnie W. Ramsey
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics,Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research,Corresponding Author: Bonnie Ramsey, MD, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 2001 8th Avenue, Suite 400, M/S CW8-5B, Seattle, WA 98121, Tel: 206-987-5725, Fax: 206-987-7505,
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Convertino M, Das J, Dokholyan NV. Pharmacological Chaperones: Design and Development of New Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Conformational Diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1471-89. [PMID: 27097127 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Errors in protein folding may result in premature clearance of structurally aberrant proteins, or in the accumulation of toxic misfolded species or protein aggregates. These pathological events lead to a large range of conditions known as conformational diseases. Several research groups have presented possible therapeutic solutions for their treatment by developing novel compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones. These cell-permeable molecules selectively provide a molecular scaffold around which misfolded proteins can recover their native folding and, thus, their biological activities. Here, we review therapeutic strategies, clinical potentials, and cost-benefit impacts of several classes of pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of a series of conformational diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marino Convertino
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jhuma Das
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Cui G, Khazanov N, Stauffer BB, Infield DT, Imhoff BR, Senderowitz H, McCarty NA. Potentiators exert distinct effects on human, murine, and Xenopus CFTR. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L192-207. [PMID: 27288484 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00056.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
VX-770 (Ivacaftor) has been approved for clinical usage in cystic fibrosis patients with several CFTR mutations. Yet the binding site(s) on CFTR for this compound and other small molecule potentiators are unknown. We hypothesize that insight into this question could be gained by comparing the effect of potentiators on CFTR channels from different origins, e.g., human, mouse, and Xenopus (frog). In the present study, we combined this comparative molecular pharmacology approach with that of computer-aided drug discovery to identify and characterize new potentiators of CFTR and to explore possible mechanism of action. Our results demonstrate that 1) VX-770, NPPB, GlyH-101, P1, P2, and P3 all exhibited ortholog-specific behavior in that they potentiated hCFTR, mCFTR, and xCFTR with different efficacies; 2) P1, P2, and P3 potentiated hCFTR in excised macropatches in a manner dependent on the degree of PKA-mediated stimulation; 3) P1 and P2 did not have additive effects, suggesting that these compounds might share binding sites. Also 4) using a pharmacophore modeling approach, we identified three new potentiators (IOWH-032, OSSK-2, and OSSK-3) that have structures similar to GlyH-101 and that also exhibit ortholog-specific potentiation of CFTR. These could potentially serve as lead compounds for development of new drugs for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. The ortholog-specific behavior of these compounds suggest that a comparative pharmacology approach, using cross-ortholog chimeras, may be useful for identification of binding sites on human CFTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Cui
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Netaly Khazanov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Brandon B Stauffer
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Daniel T Infield
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Barry R Imhoff
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | | | - Nael A McCarty
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
van der Woerd WL, Wichers CGK, Vestergaard AL, Andersen JP, Paulusma CC, Houwen RHJ, van de Graaf SFJ. Rescue of defective ATP8B1 trafficking by CFTR correctors as a therapeutic strategy for familial intrahepatic cholestasis. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1339-47. [PMID: 26879107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS ATP8B1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive liver disease characterized by intrahepatic cholestasis. ATP8B1 mutation p.I661T, the most frequent mutation in European patients, results in protein misfolding and impaired targeting to the plasma membrane. Similarly, mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), associated with cystic fibrosis, impair protein folding and trafficking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether compounds that rescue CFTR F508del trafficking are capable of improving p.I661T-ATP8B1 plasma membrane expression. METHODS The effect of CFTR corrector compounds on plasma membrane expression of p.I661T-ATP8B1 was evaluated by cell surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence. ATPase activity was evaluated of a purified analogue protein carrying a mutation at the matching position (p.L622T-ATP8A2). RESULTS The clinically used compounds, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) improved p.I661T-ATP8B1 plasma membrane targeting. Compounds C4, C5, C13 and C17 also significantly increased plasma membrane expression of p.I661T-ATP8B1. SAHA and compound C17 upregulated ATP8B1 transcription. p.I661T-ATP8B1 was partly targeted to the canalicular membrane in polarized cells, which became more evident upon treatment with SAHA and/or C4. p.L622T-ATP8A2 showed phospholipid-induced ATPase activity, suggesting that mutations at a matching position in ATP8B1 do not block functionality. Combination therapy of SAHA and compound C4 resulted in an additional improvement of ATP8B1 cell surface abundance. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that several CFTR correctors can improve trafficking of p.I661T-ATP8B1 to the plasma membrane in vitro. Hence, these compounds may be suitable to be part of a future therapy for ATP8B1 deficiency and other genetic disorders associated with protein misfolding. LAY SUMMARY Compounds that improve the cellular machinery dealing with protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and allow for proper folding of proteins with (mild) missense mutations are called proteostasis regulators (Balch, Science 2008). Such compounds are potentially of high therapeutic value for many (liver) diseases. In this manuscript, we investigated whether compounds identified in screens as CFTR folding correctors are actually proteostasis regulators and thus have a broader application in other protein folding diseases. Using these compounds, we could indeed show improved trafficking to the (apical) plasma membrane of a mutated ATP8B1 protein, carrying the p.I661T missense mutation. This is the most frequently identified mutation in this rare cholestatic disorder. Importantly, ATP8B1 shows no similarity to CFTR. These data are important in providing support for the concept that rare, genetic liver diseases can potentially be treated using a generalized strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L van der Woerd
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina G K Wichers
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Section of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Coen C Paulusma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick H J Houwen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Dekkers JF, Gogorza Gondra RA, Kruisselbrink E, Vonk AM, Janssens HM, de Winter-de Groot KM, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM. Optimal correction of distinct CFTR folding mutants in rectal cystic fibrosis organoids. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:451-8. [PMID: 27103391 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01192-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule therapies that restore defects in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gating (potentiators) or trafficking (correctors) are being developed for cystic fibrosis (CF) in a mutation-specific fashion. Options for pharmacological correction of CFTR-p.Phe508del (F508del) are being extensively studied but correction of other trafficking mutants that may also benefit from corrector treatment remains largely unknown.We studied correction of the folding mutants CFTR-p.Phe508del, -p.Ala455Glu (A455E) and -p.Asn1303Lys (N1303K) by VX-809 and 18 other correctors (C1-C18) using a functional CFTR assay in human intestinal CF organoids.Function of both CFTR-p.Phe508del and -p.Ala455Glu was enhanced by a variety of correctors but no residual or corrector-induced activity was associated with CFTR-p.Asn1303Lys. Importantly, VX-809-induced correction was most dominant for CFTR-p.Phe508del, while correction of CFTR-p.Ala455Glu was highest by a subgroup of compounds called bithiazoles (C4, C13, C14 and C17) and C5.These data support the development of mutation-specific correctors for optimal treatment of different CFTR trafficking mutants, and identify C5 and bithiazoles as the most promising compounds for correction of CFTR-p.Ala455Glu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Dekkers
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo A Gogorza Gondra
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelotte M Vonk
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Sophia Children's Hospital/Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Pollock NL, Satriano L, Zegarra-Moran O, Ford RC, Moran O. Structure of wild type and mutant F508del CFTR: A small-angle X-ray scattering study of the protein–detergent complexes. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
141
|
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder that affects about 70,000 people worldwide. The clinical manifestations of the disease are caused by defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989 has led to a sophisticated understanding of how thousands of mutations in the CFTR gene affect the structure and function of the CFTR protein. Much progress has been made over the past decade with the development of orally bioavailable small molecule drugs that target defective CFTR proteins caused by specific mutations. Furthermore, there is considerable optimism about the prospect of gene replacement or editing therapies to correct all mutations in cystic fibrosis. The recent approvals of ivacaftor and lumacaftor represent the genesis of a new era of precision medicine in the treatment of this condition. These drugs are having a positive impact on the lives of people with cystic fibrosis and are potentially disease modifying. This review provides an update on advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the CFTR, with a focus on state of the art targeted drugs that are in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Quon
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6Z 1Y6
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Turnbull AR, Davies JC. New drug developments in the management of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1103-12. [PMID: 27017976 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1157582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease have, until recently, all targeted downstream manifestations rather than the root cause of the disease. A step-change in our approach has been achieved in the last few years, with novel small-molecule CFTR modulating drugs entering the clinic. AREAS COVERED In this article, we will discuss the field of drug development for CF lung disease. The case will be made for the potential benefits of basic defect-targeted strategies, which will be described in detail. Novel therapies directed at the downstream pulmonary manifestations of CF - infection, inflammation, and mucus impaction - will be reviewed. Finally, we will speculate on future directions and challenges. EXPERT OPINION CF drug development is in an exciting phase, catalysed by the impressive results seen in patients with ivacaftor-responsive CFTR mutations. The research field is active with trials of novel therapies targeting the basic defect, alongside drugs targeting downstream effects. In order to detect potentially small improvements due to novel therapies, especially in the context of treating young patients with early disease, sensitive outcome measures and the coordinated efforts of collaborative research networks are crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Turnbull
- a National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK.,b Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine , Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Jane C Davies
- a National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK.,b Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine , Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
|
144
|
Lopes-Pacheco M, Sabirzhanova I, Rapino D, Morales MM, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. Correctors Rescue CFTR Mutations in Nucleotide-Binding Domain 1 (NBD1) by Modulating Proteostasis. Chembiochem 2016; 17:493-505. [PMID: 26864378 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether small molecule correctors could rescue four nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (A455E, S492F, ΔI507, and R560T). We first transfected Cos-7 cells (green monkey kidney cells) with A455E, S492F, ΔI507, or R560T and created HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney cells) cell lines stably expressing these CFTR mutations. The mutants showed lowered protein expression, instability at physiological temperature, and rapid degradation. After treatment with correctors CFFT-002, CFFT-003, C3, C4, and/or C18, the combination of C18+C4 showed the most correction and resulted in increased CFTR residing in the plasma membrane. We found a profound decrease in binding of CFTR to histone deacetylases (HDAC) 6 and 7 and heat shock proteins (Hsps) 27 and 40. Silencing Hsp27 or 40 rescued the mutants, but no additional amount of CFTR was rescued when both proteins were knocked down simultaneously. Thus, CFTR mutations in NBD1 can be rescued by a combination of correctors, and the treatment alters the interaction between mutated CFTR and the endoplasmic reticulum machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 303 CCS/Bloco G/Sala G2-055, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Inna Sabirzhanova
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniele Rapino
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 303 CCS/Bloco G/Sala G2-055, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - William B Guggino
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK. Effect of CFTR modifiers on arylsulfatase B activity in cystic fibrosis and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 36:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
146
|
Bosch B, De Boeck K. Searching for a cure for cystic fibrosis. A 25-year quest in a nutshell. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:1-8. [PMID: 26567541 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED After 25 years of intensive search, there is not yet a cure for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the quest has led to major breakthroughs in understanding the basic disease defect and defining strategies to correct it. The first cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have been introduced in clinic. Some show an impressive clinical benefit, like the potentiator ivacaftor for the 4% of patients with a class III defect. Others offer at present only a limited benefit, like the combination corrector lumacaftor plus potentiator ivacaftor for subjects homozygous for F508del. These findings prove that the basic defect in CF can be modified and hold the promise that one day CF will no longer be a life-shortening disease. CONCLUSION This review updates the clinician on recent achievements as well as on the CF research pipeline. WHAT IS KNOWN Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common and life-shortening disease that currently cannot be cured. However, for each of the six CF mutation classes, disease-modifying drugs are under way. WHAT IS NEW This review is a concise update for the clinician on new drugs that reached the CF clinical pipeline. The research strategies in CF have become a paradigm for clinical trials in other inherited diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bosch
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kris De Boeck
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Chapter Five - Ubiquitination of Ion Channels and Transporters. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 141:161-223. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
148
|
Hegde RN, Parashuraman S, Iorio F, Ciciriello F, Capuani F, Carissimo A, Carrella D, Belcastro V, Subramanian A, Bounti L, Persico M, Carlile G, Galietta L, Thomas DY, Di Bernardo D, Luini A. Unravelling druggable signalling networks that control F508del-CFTR proteostasis. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26701908 PMCID: PMC4749566 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The most frequent mutation (F508del-CFTR) results in altered proteostasis, that is, in the misfolding and intracellular degradation of the protein. The F508del-CFTR proteostasis machinery and its homeostatic regulation are well studied, while the question whether ‘classical’ signalling pathways and phosphorylation cascades might control proteostasis remains barely explored. Here, we have unravelled signalling cascades acting selectively on the F508del-CFTR folding-trafficking defects by analysing the mechanisms of action of F508del-CFTR proteostasis regulator drugs through an approach based on transcriptional profiling followed by deconvolution of their gene signatures. Targeting multiple components of these signalling pathways resulted in potent and specific correction of F508del-CFTR proteostasis and in synergy with pharmacochaperones. These results provide new insights into the physiology of cellular proteostasis and a rational basis for developing effective pharmacological correctors of the F508del-CFTR defect. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10365.001 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that commonly affects people of European descent. The condition is caused by mutations in the gene encoding a protein called “cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator” (or CFTR for short). CFTR forms a channel in the membrane of cells in the lungs that help transport salt across the membrane. Mutated versions of the protein are not as efficient at transporting salts, and eventually this damages the lung tissue. As the damage progresses, individuals become very vulnerable to bacterial infections that further damage the lungs and may eventually lead to death. One of the reasons CFTR mutations are harmful is that they cause the protein to fold up incorrectly and remain trapped inside the cell. Cells have quality control systems that recognize and destroy poorly folded proteins, and so only a few of the mutated CFTR proteins ever make it to the membrane to move salts. New therapies have been developed that improve folding of the protein and/or help the CFTR proteins that make it to the membrane work better. But more and better treatment options are needed. Hegde, Parashuraman et al. have now tested drugs that control how proteins fold and move to the membrane to see how they affect gene expression in cells with the most common cystic fibrosis-causing mutation. These drugs are known to improve the activity of the CFTR mutant, but do so too weakly to be of clinical interest. The experiments revealed that the expression of a few hundred genes was changed in response the drugs. Many of these genes were involved in major signalling pathways that control how CFTR is folded and trafficked within cells. Next, Hegde, Parashuraman et al. tested drugs that inhibit these signalling pathways to see if they improve salt handling in the mutated cells. The experiments demonstrated that these inhibitor drugs efficiently block the breakdown of misfolded CFTR, or boost the likelihood of CFTR making it to the membrane, helping improve salt trafficking in the cells. The inhibitors produced even better results when used in combination with a known CFTR-protecting drug. The results suggest that identifying and targeting signalling pathways involved in the folding, trafficking, and breakdown of CFTR may prove a promising way to treat cystic fibrosis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10365.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramanath Narayana Hegde
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Seetharaman Parashuraman
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Iorio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ciciriello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Biology and Biotechnology Department "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Diego Carrella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Advait Subramanian
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Bounti
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Persico
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Graeme Carlile
- Department of Biochemistry, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Luis Galietta
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Institute of Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - David Y Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Diego Di Bernardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico SDN, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Nieddu E, Pollarolo B, Mazzei MT, Anzaldi M, Schenone S, Pedemonte N, Galietta LJV, Mazzei M. Phenylhydrazones as Correctors of a Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 349:112-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nieddu
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Genova; Genova Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Anzaldi
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Genova; Genova Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mauro Mazzei
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Genova; Genova Italy
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Pesci E, Bettinetti L, Fanti P, Galietta LJV, La Rosa S, Magnoni L, Pedemonte N, Sardone GL, Maccari L. Novel Hits in the Correction of ΔF508-Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Protein: Synthesis, Pharmacological, and ADME Evaluation of Tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidines for the Potential Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9697-711. [PMID: 26561003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal genetic disease caused by mutations of the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) with a prevalence of the ΔF508 mutation. Whereas the detailed mechanisms underlying disease have yet to be fully elucidated, recent breakthroughs in clinical trials have demonstrated that CFTR dysfunction can be corrected by drug-like molecules. On the basis of this success, a screening campaign was carried out, seeking new drug-like compounds able to rescue ΔF508-CFTR that led to the discovery of a novel series of correctors based on a tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine core. These molecules proved to be soluble, cell-permeable, and active in a disease relevant functional-assay. The series was then further optimized with emphasis on biological data from multiple cell systems while keeping physicochemical properties under strict control. The pharmacological and ADME profile of this corrector series hold promise for the development of more efficacious compounds to be explored for therapeutic use in CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pesci
- Siena Biotech S.p.A. , Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Laura Bettinetti
- Siena Biotech S.p.A. , Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Paola Fanti
- Siena Biotech S.p.A. , Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena 53100, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore La Rosa
- Siena Biotech S.p.A. , Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Letizia Magnoni
- Siena Biotech S.p.A. , Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena 53100, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luca Sardone
- Siena Biotech S.p.A. , Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Laura Maccari
- Siena Biotech S.p.A. , Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena 53100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|