101
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The cellular and signalling alterations conducted by TGF-β contributing to renal fibrosis. Cytokine 2016; 88:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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102
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The coordinated roles of miR-26a and miR-30c in regulating TGFβ1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37492. [PMID: 27874055 PMCID: PMC5118685 DOI: 10.1038/srep37492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Here, we compared the protective efficacies of miR-26a and miR-30c in renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) and determined whether they demonstrated additive effects in the attenuation of renal fibrosis. TGFβ1 suppressed miR-26a and miR-30c expression but up-regulated pro-fibrotic markers in NRK-52E cells, and these changes were also found in the kidney cortex of 40-week-old diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats. Bioinformatic analyses and luciferase assays further demonstrated that both miR-26a and miR-30c targeted connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); additionally, Snail family zinc finger 1 (Snail1), a potent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer, was targeted by miR-30c. Overexpression of miR-26a and miR-30c coordinately decreased CTGF protein levels and subsequently ameliorated TGFβ1-induced EMT in NRK-52E cells. Co-silencing of miR-26a and miR-30c exhibited the opposite effect. Moreover, miR-26a and miR-30c co-silenced CTGF to decrease ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. Furthermore, miR-26a was up-regulated in urinary extracellular vesicles of diabetic nephropathy patients. Our study provides evidence for the cooperative roles of miR-26a and miR-30c in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, and the co-targeting of miR-26a and miR-30c could provide a new direction for diabetic nephropathy treatment.
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103
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Kulminski AM, He L, Culminskaya I, Loika Y, Kernogitski Y, Arbeev KG, Loiko E, Arbeeva L, Bagley O, Duan M, Yashkin A, Fang F, Kovtun M, Ukraintseva SV, Wu D, Yashin AI. Pleiotropic Associations of Allelic Variants in a 2q22 Region with Risks of Major Human Diseases and Mortality. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006314. [PMID: 27832070 PMCID: PMC5104356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaining insights into genetic predisposition to age-related diseases and lifespan is a challenging task complicated by the elusive role of evolution in these phenotypes. To gain more insights, we combined methods of genome-wide and candidate-gene studies. Genome-wide scan in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (N = 9,573) was used to pre-select promising loci. Candidate-gene methods were used to comprehensively analyze associations of novel uncommon variants in Caucasians (minor allele frequency~2.5%) located in band 2q22.3 with risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), stroke, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (ND), and mortality in the ARIC study, the Framingham Heart Study (N = 4,434), and the Health and Retirement Study (N = 9,676). We leveraged the analyses of pleiotropy, age-related heterogeneity, and causal inferences. Meta-analysis of the results from these comprehensive analyses shows that the minor allele increases risks of death by about 50% (p = 4.6×10−9), CHD by 35% (p = 8.9×10−6), HF by 55% (p = 9.7×10−5), stroke by 25% (p = 4.0×10−2), and ND by 100% (p = 1.3×10−3). This allele also significantly influences each of two diseases, diabetes and cancer, in antagonistic fashion in different populations. Combined significance of the pleiotropic effects was p = 6.6×10−21. Causal mediation analyses show that endophenotypes explained only small fractions of these effects. This locus harbors an evolutionary conserved gene-desert region with non-coding intergenic sequences likely involved in regulation of protein-coding flanking genes ZEB2 and ACVR2A. This region is intensively studied for mutations causing severe developmental/genetic disorders. Our analyses indicate a promising target region for interventions aimed to reduce risks of many major human diseases and mortality. Biomedical research and medical care are traditionally focused on individual health conditions in order to postpone, ameliorate, or prevent the accumulation of morbidities in late life. An attractive idea is to find factors, which could reduce burden of not just one disease but a major subset of them to efficiently extend healthy lifespan. Here we focus on the analyses of genetic predisposition to risks of major human age-related diseases and mortality. The analyses highlight a locus in band 2q22.3 associated with risks of coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and death. Our analyses indicate a promising target region for interventions aimed to reduce risks of many major human diseases and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Liang He
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Yelena Kernogitski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Elena Loiko
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Matt Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Arseniy Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Fang Fang
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Mikhail Kovtun
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Svetlana V. Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
| | - Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC United States of America
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104
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Calvopina DA, Coleman MA, Lewindon PJ, Ramm GA. Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111795. [PMID: 27801781 PMCID: PMC5133796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in biological and pathological processes of every cell type, including liver cells. Transcribed from specific genes, miRNA precursors are processed in the cytoplasm into mature miRNAs and as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) complex binds to messenger RNA (mRNA) by imperfect complementarity. This leads to the regulation of gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. The function of a number of different miRNAs in fibrogenesis associated with the progression of chronic liver disease has recently been elucidated. Furthermore, miRNAs have been shown to be both disease-and tissue-specific and are stable in the circulation, which has led to increasing investigation on their utility as biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases, including those in children. Here, we review the current knowledge on the biogenesis of microRNA, the mechanisms of translational repression and the use of miRNA as circulatory biomarkers in chronic paediatric liver diseases including cystic fibrosis associated liver disease, biliary atresia and viral hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Calvopina
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Miranda A Coleman
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Peter J Lewindon
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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105
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Yang C, Zheng SD, Wu HJ, Chen SJ. Regulatory Mechanisms of the Molecular Pathways in Fibrosis Induced by MicroRNAs. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:2365-72. [PMID: 27647197 PMCID: PMC5040024 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.190677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play critical roles in the fibrotic process in different organs. We summarized the latest research progress on the roles and mechanisms of miRNAs in the regulation of the molecular signaling pathways involved in fibrosis. DATA SOURCES Papers published in English from January 2010 to August 2015 were selected from the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the search terms "microRNA", "miR", "transforming growth factor β", "tgf β", "mitogen-activated protein kinase", "mapk", "integrin", "p38", "c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase", "jnk", "extracellular signal-regulated kinase", "erk", and "fibrosis". STUDY SELECTION Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the regulatory effects of miRNAs on molecular signaling pathways involved in the fibrosis. RESULTS Recent evidence has shown that miRNAs are involved in regulating fibrosis by targeting different substrates in the molecular processes that drive fibrosis, such as immune cell sensitization, effector cell activation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Moreover, several important molecular signaling pathways involve in fibrosis, such as the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and the integrin pathway are regulated by miRNAs. Third, regulation of the fibrotic pathways induced by miRNAs is found in many other tissues in addition to the heart, lung, liver, and kidney. Interestingly, the actions of many drugs on the human body are also induced by miRNAs. It is encouraging that the fibrotic process can be blocked or reversed by targeting specific miRNAs and their signaling pathways, thereby protecting the structures and functions of different organs. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs not only regulate molecular signaling pathways in fibrosis but also serve as potential targets of novel therapeutic interventions for fibrosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Si-Dao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong-Jin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shao-Jun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 101400, China
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106
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Al-Khalaf HH, Aboussekhra A. p16INK4Ainduces senescence and inhibits EMT through microRNA-141/microRNA-146b-5p-dependent repression of AUF1. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:985-999. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huda H. Al-Khalaf
- The National Center for Genomics Research; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Oncology; King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology; King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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107
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Rasouly HM, Kumar S, Chan S, Pisarek-Horowitz A, Sharma R, Xi QJ, Nishizaki Y, Higashi Y, Salant DJ, Maas RL, Lu W. Loss of Zeb2 in mesenchyme-derived nephrons causes primary glomerulocystic disease. Kidney Int 2016; 90:1262-1273. [PMID: 27591083 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary glomerulocystic kidney disease is a special form of renal cystic disorder characterized by Bowman's space dilatation in the absence of tubular cysts. ZEB2 is a SMAD-interacting transcription factor involved in Mowat-Wilson syndrome, a congenital disorder with an increased risk for kidney anomalies. Here we show that deletion of Zeb2 in mesenchyme-derived nephrons with either Pax2-cre or Six2-cre causes primary glomerulocystic kidney disease without tubular cysts in mice. Glomerulotubular junction analysis revealed many atubular glomeruli in the kidneys of Zeb2 knockout mice, which explains the presence of glomerular cysts in the absence of tubular dilatation. Gene expression analysis showed decreased expression of early proximal tubular markers in the kidneys of Zeb2 knockout mice preceding glomerular cyst formation, suggesting that defects in proximal tubule development during early nephrogenesis contribute to the formation of congenital atubular glomeruli. At the molecular level, Zeb2 deletion caused aberrant expression of Pkd1, Hnf1β, and Glis3, three genes causing glomerular cysts. Thus, Zeb2 regulates the morphogenesis of mesenchyme-derived nephrons and is required for proximal tubule development and glomerulotubular junction formation. Our findings also suggest that ZEB2 might be a novel disease gene in patients with primary glomerular cystic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Milo Rasouly
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Graduate Program in Genomics and Genetics, Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefanie Chan
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Pisarek-Horowitz
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richa Sharma
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiongchao J Xi
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuriko Nishizaki
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higashi
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - David J Salant
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard L Maas
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Graduate Program in Genomics and Genetics, Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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108
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Li M, Li H, Liu X, Xu D, Wang F. MicroRNA-29b regulates TGF-β1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells by targeting AKT2. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:115-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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109
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Abstract
Diabetes and diabetic kidney diseases have continually exerted a great burden on our society. Although the recent advances in medical research have led to a much better understanding of diabetic kidney diseases, there is still no successful strategy for effective treatments for diabetic kidney diseases. Recently, treatment of diabetic kidney diseases relies either on drugs that reduce the progression of renal injury or on renal replacement therapies, such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. On the other hand, searching for biomarkers for early diagnosis and effective therapy is also urgent. Discovery of microRNAs has opened to a novel field for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Results from cell culture experiments, experimental animal models, and patients under diabetic conditions reveal the critical role of microRNAs during the progression of diabetic kidney diseases. Functional studies demonstrate not only the capability of microRNAs to regulate expression of target genes, but also their therapeutic potential to diabetic kidney diseases. The existence of microRNAs in plasma, serum, and urine suggests their possibility to be biomarkers in diabetic kidney diseases. Thus, identification of the functional role of microRNAs provides an essentially clinical impact in terms of prevention and treatment of progression in diabetic kidney diseases as it enables us to develop novel, specific therapies and diagnostic tools for diabetic kidney diseases.
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110
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Gomez IG, Nakagawa N, Duffield JS. MicroRNAs as novel therapeutic targets to treat kidney injury and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F931-44. [PMID: 26911854 PMCID: PMC5002060 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00523.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs), a class of small noncoding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, have attracted increasing attention as critical regulators of organogenesis, cancer, and disease. Interest has been spurred by development of a novel class of synthetic RNA oligonucleotides with excellent drug-like properties that hybridize to a specific miR, preventing its action. In kidney disease, a small number of miRs are dysregulated. These overlap with regulated miRs in nephrogenesis and kidney cancers. Several dysregulated miRs have been identified in fibrotic diseases of other organs, representing a "fibrotic signature," and some of these fibrotic miRs contribute remarkably to the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease, affecting ∼10% of the population, leads to kidney failure, with few treatment options. Here, we will explore the pathological mechanism of miR-21, whose pre-eminent role in amplifying kidney disease and fibrosis by suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis and function is established. Evolving roles for miR-214, -199, -200, -155, -29, -223, and -126 in kidney disease will be discussed, and we will demonstrate how studying functions of distinct miRs has led to new mechanistic insights for kidney disease progression. Finally, the utility of anti-miR oligonucleotides as potential novel therapeutics to treat chronic disease will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan G Gomez
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Division of Nephrology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
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111
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its downstream signalling pathways substantially limits renal fibrosis in a wide range of disease models whereas overexpression of TGF-β1 induces renal fibrosis. TGF-β1 can induce renal fibrosis via activation of both canonical (Smad-based) and non-canonical (non-Smad-based) signalling pathways, which result in activation of myofibroblasts, excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and inhibition of ECM degradation. The role of Smad proteins in the regulation of fibrosis is complex, with competing profibrotic and antifibrotic actions (including in the regulation of mesenchymal transitioning), and with complex interplay between TGF-β/Smads and other signalling pathways. Studies over the past 5 years have identified additional mechanisms that regulate the action of TGF-β1/Smad signalling in fibrosis, including short and long noncoding RNA molecules and epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone proteins. Although direct targeting of TGF-β1 is unlikely to yield a viable antifibrotic therapy due to the involvement of TGF-β1 in other processes, greater understanding of the various pathways by which TGF-β1 controls fibrosis has identified alternative targets for the development of novel therapeutics to halt this most damaging process in CKD.
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112
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Lichner Z, Saleh C, Subramaniam V, Seivwright A, Prud'homme GJ, Yousef GM. miR-17 inhibition enhances the formation of kidney cancer spheres with stem cell/ tumor initiating cell properties. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5567-81. [PMID: 25011053 PMCID: PMC4467387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive disease, with 35% chance of metastasis. The 'cancer stem cell' hypothesis suggests that a subset of cancer cells possess stem cell properties and is crucial in tumor initiation, metastasis and treatment resistance. We isolated RCC spheres and showed that they exhibit cancer stem cell/ tumor initiating cell-like properties including the formation of self-renewing spheres, high tumorigenicity and the ability to differentiate to cell types of the original tumor. Spheres showed increased expression of stem cell-related transcription factors and mesenchymal markers. miRNAs were differentially expressed between RCC spheres and their parental cells. Inhibition of miR-17 accelerated the formation of RCC spheres which shared molecular characteristics with the spontaneous RCC spheres. Target prediction pointed out TGFβ pathway activation as a possible mechanism to drive RCC sphere formation. We demonstrate that miR-17 overexpression interferes with the TGFβ-EMT axis and hinders RCC sphere formation; and validated TGFBR2 as a direct and biologically relevant target during this process. Thus, a single miRNA may have an impact on the formation of highly tumorigenic cancer spheres of kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carol Saleh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Venkateswaran Subramaniam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Annetta Seivwright
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gerald Joseph Prud'homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - George Makram Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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113
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Meng J, Li L, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Li D, Zhang CY, Zen K, Liu Z. MicroRNA-196a/b Mitigate Renal Fibrosis by Targeting TGF-β Receptor 2. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3006-3021. [PMID: 26940097 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-specific microRNAs have essential roles in maintaining normal organ function. However, the microRNA profile of the kidney and the role of microRNAs in modulating renal function remain undefined. We performed an unbiased assessment of the genome-wide microRNA expression profile in 14 mouse organs using Solexa deep sequencing and found that microRNA-196a (miR-196a) and miR-196b are selectively expressed in kidney, with 74.37% of mouse total miR-196a and 73.19% of mouse total miR-196b distributed in the kidneys. We confirmed the predominant expression of miR-196a/b in mouse and human kidney, particularly in the glomeruli and tubular epithelium, by quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization assays. During unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced mouse renal fibrosis, renal miR-196a/b levels rapidly decreased. Elevation of renal miR-196a/b expression by hydrodynamic-based delivery of a miR-196a/b-expressing plasmid before or shortly after UUO significantly downregulated profibrotic proteins, including collagen 1 and α-smooth muscle actin, and mitigated UUO-induced renal fibrosis. In contrast, depletion of renal miR-196a/b by miR-196a/b antagomirs substantially aggravated UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Mechanistic studies further identified transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFβR2) as a common target of miR-196a and miR-196b. Decreasing miR-196a/b expression in human HK2 cells strongly activated TGF-β-Smad signaling and cell fibrosis; whereas increasing miR-196a/b levels in mouse primary cultured tubular epithelial cells inhibited TGF-β-Smad signaling. In the UUO model, miR-196a/b silenced TGF-β-Smad signaling, decreased the expression of collagen 1 and α-smooth muscle actin, and attenuated renal fibrosis. Our findings suggest that elevating renal miR-196a/b levels may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Donghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and
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114
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Chang YC, Lin CW, Yu CC, Wang BY, Huang YH, Hsieh YC, Kuo YL, Chang WW. Resveratrol suppresses myofibroblast activity of human buccal mucosal fibroblasts through the epigenetic inhibition of ZEB1 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:12137-49. [PMID: 26934322 PMCID: PMC4914274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition of the oral mucosa without specific therapeutic drugs. We previously demonstrated that the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) plays a pathogenic role in the induction of the myofibroblast activity of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) and contributes to the pathogenesis of OSF. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid with anti-fibrosis activity in various tissues and has the capability to inhibit ZEB1 in oral cancer cells. We examined the effect of resveratrol on the myofibroblast activity of human primary fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs) derived from OSF tissues. With the collagen contraction assay, resveratrol displayed anti-myofibroblast activity in three fBMF lines. Resveratrol also inhibited the expression of fibrogenic genes at the mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The downregulation of ZEB1 in fBMFs by resveratrol was mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as the upregulated expression of miR-200c and the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), as well as the trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). Resveratrol also increased the binding of H3K27me3 to the ZEB1 promoter. The knockdown of EZH2 in fBMFs caused the upregulation of ZEB1 and suppressed the inhibitory effect of resveratrol. Furthermore, the reversed expression pattern between EZH2 and ZEB1 was observed in 6/8 OSF tissues with twofold upregulation of ZEB1 expression compared with the adjacent normal mucosa. In conclusion, our data suggest that resveratrol epigenetically inhibits ZEB1 expression to suppress the myofibroblast activity of fBMFs and may serve as a dietary supplement for OSF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Chang
- 1 School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,2 Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- 1 School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,2 Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,4 Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- 5 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,6 Division of Throacic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan,7 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Huang
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chih Hsieh
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Kuo
- 8 School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,9 Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,10 Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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115
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common male malignancy and the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality in United States. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that represent a new mechanism to regulate mRNA post-transcriptionally. It is involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological process. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been associated with the multistep progression of PCa from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), localized adenocarcinoma to metastatic castration-resistance PCa (CRPC). Identification of unique miRNA could provide new biomarkers for PCa and develop into therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will summarize a broad spectrum of both tumor suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs, and their mechanisms contribute to prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ging Lo
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Diane Yang
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Departments of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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116
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Effect of Huai Qi Huang on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells through miR-200a. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8612190. [PMID: 26884796 PMCID: PMC4738749 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8612190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells is a vital mechanism of renal fibrosis. Mounting evidence suggests that miR-200a expression decreases in tubular epithelial cells in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that Huai Qi Huang (HQH) can ameliorate tubulointerstitial damage in adriamycin nephrosis and delay kidney dysfunction in primary glomerular disease. However, the effect of HQH on EMT of tubular epithelial cells in UUO rats and its molecular mechanism is unclear. In order to explore the effect of HQH on EMT and its molecular mechanism in renal fibrosis, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in our study. Our results showed that HQH increased miR-200a expression in UUO rats and in TGF-β1 stimulated NRK-52E cells. Meanwhile, HQH decreased ZEB1 and ZEB2 (the transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin), α-SMA expression in renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that HQH protected kidney from fibrosis in UUO rats. The results demonstrated that HQH regulated miR-200a/ZEBs pathway and inhibited EMT process, which may be a mechanism of protecting effect on tubular cells in renal fibrosis.
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117
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Wang CY, Shie SS, Tsai ML, Yang CH, Hung KC, Wang CC, Hsieh IC, Wen MS. FTO modulates fibrogenic responses in obstructive nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18874. [PMID: 26727661 PMCID: PMC4698750 DOI: 10.1038/srep18874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have shown that variants in fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are robustly associated with body mass index and obesity. These FTO variants are also associated with end stage renal disease and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney diseases. However, the exact role of FTO in kidneys is currently unknown. Here we show that FTO expression is increased after ureteral obstruction and renal fibrosis. Deficiency of the FTO gene attenuates the fibrogenic responses induced by ureteral obstruction in the kidney. Renal tubular cells deficient of FTO produce less α-SMA after TGF-β stimulation. FTO is indispensable for the extracellular matrix synthesis after ureteral obstruction in kidneys. Indeed, global gene transcriptions amplitude is reduced in FTO deficient kidneys after ureteral obstruction. These data establish the importance of FTO in renal fibrosis, which may have potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yung Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Sen Shie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Tsai
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chun Hung
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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118
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown the presence of cancer stem cells in a wide spectrum of human cancers, which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate, thus leading to tumorigenesis, proliferation, cancer dissemination, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. Cancer cell plasticity allows tumor to invade and grow at primary or distant sites. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the most important mechanism of cancer cell plasticity and cancer stem cells. Substantial evidence has supported a noncoding RNA network, especially miRNA, in regulating cancer cell plasticity and cancer stem cell biology. Besides, lncRNA is also found to participate in cancer development. Understanding the mechanisms of these processes might be valuable for developing accurate targeted therapies to tackle cancer progression and cancer stem cells.
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119
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Casalena G, Bottinger E, Daehn I. TGFβ-Induced Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangement in Podocytes Is Associated with Compensatory Adaptation of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 131:278-84. [PMID: 26613578 DOI: 10.1159/000442051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In podocytes, the overexpression of TGFβ ligands and receptors during glomerulosclerosis could be a causal factor for injury induction and perpetuation in glomerular tufts. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are emerging as potential therapeutic targets in glomerular injury, and TGFβ has been shown to modulate mitochondrial metabolism in different cell types. This study aims at investigating the role of TGFβ in podocyte energy metabolism and cytoskeleton dynamics. METHODS Mitochondrial function and cytoskeleton dynamics were analyzed in TGFβ-treated WT and Smad2/3 double KO podocytes. RESULTS TGFβ treatment in podocytes induced a significant Smad-dependent increase of mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR). ATP content was unchanged and increased respiration was not associated with increased mitochondrial mass. Increased cellular reactive oxygen species induced by Smad-mediated TGFβ signaling were reverted by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. TGFβ treatment did not induce mitochondrial oxidative stress, and Smad2/3-dependent TGFβ signaling and increased mitochondrial OCR were found to be associated with actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The role of motor proteins myosin II and dynamin in TGFβ-induced actin polymerization was demonstrated by specific inhibition, resulting in actin stabilization and normalization of mitochondrial OCR. CONCLUSION TGFβ-induced rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton are controlled by Smad2/3 signaling pathways and coupled with the activation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis as bioenergetic adaptation to ATP consumption by ATP- and GTP-dependent motor proteins, myosin II and dynamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Casalena
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, N.Y., USA
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120
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Differentially expressed microRNAs in kidney biopsies from various subtypes of nephrotic children. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:590-5. [PMID: 26481277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed a set of increased miRNAs in serum or urine from nephrotic syndrome children. In this study, we investigated the renal expression of these miRNAs in nephrotic children and explored their role in pathogenesis and as potential indicators to differentiate subtypes of kidney diseases. METHODS We enrolled 52 children with six different subtypes of nephropathy, and 8 normal kidney tissues were used as controls. RT-qPCR was used to quantify the expression of miR-191, miR-151-3p, miR-150, miR-30a-5p and miR-19b in renal tissues. RESULTS miR-191 and miR-151-3p exhibited significantly higher and lower intrarenal expression in all six subtypes of kidney diseases compared to controls. miR-19b was upregulated in three subtypes, and miR-30a-5p and miR-150 were downregulated in two and four subtypes, respectively. The intrarenal expression of miR-150 was significantly different between minimal change disease (MCD) and some other subtypes. The renal levels of these miRNAs correlated significantly with some renal functions and immune parameters. Bioinformatics showed that some target genes of these miRNAs were associated with immune and renal pathological changes. CONCLUSIONS These five miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of nephropathy in children. miR-150 is a potential typing indictor to differentiate MCD from other nephropathy subtypes.
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121
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Yu F, Zheng Y, Hong W, Chen B, Dong P, Zheng J. MicroRNA‑200a suppresses epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in rat hepatic stellate cells via GLI family zinc finger 2. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:8121-8. [PMID: 26499180 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have an important role in liver fibrosis. Epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is promoted by the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, is involved in the activation of HSCs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been reported to be involved in the progression of liver fibrosis. A previous study indicated that the activation of HSCs was suppressed by miR‑200a via targeting transforming growth factor‑β2 and β‑catenin. However, whether miR‑200a is able to regulate the EMT in HSCs has remained elusive. The present study revealed that miR‑200a was decreased in vitro and in vivo during liver fibrosis. Furthermore, miR‑200a overexpression resulted in the inhibition of proliferation, α‑SMA expression and extracellular matrix production of activated HSCs. Of note, miR‑200a overexpression reduced myofibroblastic markers, including α‑SMA, type I collagen and desmin, and increased the epithelial cell marker E‑cadherin. These results were further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Further study showed that the expression of genes associated with Hh signaling, including Hhip, Shh and Gli1, were not affected by miR‑200a. However, Gli2, a downstream signaling protein of the Hh pathway, was inhibited by miR‑200a and confirmed as a target of miR‑200a using a dual luciferase reporter assay. In addition, the inhibition of the Hh pathway by miR‑200a resulted in an increase of BMP‑7 and Id2 as well as a reduction of Snai1 and S100A4. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR‑200a suppressed the EMT process in HSCs, at least in part, via Gli2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yihu Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Peihong Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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122
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Xu C, Zhou X, Wang W, Zheng R, Hu W, Wu P. Lefty-1 alleviates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in NRK-49F cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4669-78. [PMID: 26316705 PMCID: PMC4544629 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation and proliferation are important for fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation, a crucial process in the pathological changes that define renal interstitial fibrosis. The left–right determination factor (Lefty) is an important cytokine of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family, with two variants, Lefty-1 and Lefty-2, in mice. Lefty has diverse functions, such as the regulation of embryonic development, the inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling, and the suppression of tumor activity. However, whether Lefty-1 influences fibroblast activation and proliferation, and consequently prevents fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether Lefty-1 can attenuate TGF-β1-induced fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast cells (NRK-49F), as well as the mechanisms underlying any effects. Results showed that the typical fibroblast cell morphology of NRK-49F cells was altered after TGF-β1 treatment and that Lefty-1 significantly prevented this change in a dose-dependent manner. Further analyses demonstrated decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, collagen I(A1), alpha-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin expression. Lefty-1 further induced remarkable reductions in TGF-β1-induced Smad3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase-10/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK-3) signaling, and enhanced expression of the antifibrotic factor bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-5. However, without TGF-β1, Lefty-1 had no effect on Smad3, JNK-3, and BMP-5 activation and fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Taken together, these findings indicate that Lefty-1 can alleviate TGF-β1-mediated activation and the proliferation of fibroblasts. Furthermore, Lefty-1 may prevent fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation in part via modulations of Smad3, JNK-3, and BMP-5 activities in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Renping Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Impact of Cadmium on Intracellular Zinc Levels in HepG2 Cells: Quantitative Evaluations and Molecular Effects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:949514. [PMID: 26339654 PMCID: PMC4538774 DOI: 10.1155/2015/949514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is classified as a human carcinogen, and its disturbance in zinc homeostasis has been well established. However, its extent as well as molecular mechanisms involved in cadmium carcinogenesis has yet to be fully clarified. To this end, we used the zinc specific probe Zinquin to visualize and to quantitatively evaluate changes in the concentration of labile zinc, in an in vitro model of human hepatic cells (HepG2) exposed to cadmium. A very large increase (+93%) of intracellular labile zinc, displaced by cadmium from the zinc proteome, was measured when HepG2 were exposed to 10 µM cadmium for 24 hrs. Microarray expression profiling showed that in cells, featuring an increase of labile zinc after cadmium exposure, one of the top regulated genes is Snail1 (+3.6), which is included in the adherens junction pathway and linked to cancer. In the same pathway MET, TGF-βR, and two members of the Rho-family GTPase, Rac, and cdc42 all implicated in the loss of adherence features and acquisition of migratory and cancer properties were regulated, as well. The microRNAs analysis showed a downregulation of miR-34a and miR-200a, both implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These microRNAs results support the role played by zinc in affecting gene expression at the posttranscriptional level.
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124
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Van der Hauwaert C, Savary G, Hennino MF, Pottier N, Glowacki F, Cauffiez C. [MicroRNAs in kidney fibrosis]. Nephrol Ther 2015. [PMID: 26216507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis represents the final stage of most chronic kidney diseases and contributes to the progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function with accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the renal parenchyma. The molecular mechanisms governing the renal fibrosis process are complex and remain poorly understood. Recently, the profibrotic role of several microRNAs (miRNAs) has been described in kidney fibrosis. MiRNAs are a new class of, small non-coding RNAs of about 20 nucleotides that act as gene expression negative regulators at the post-transcriptional level. Seminal studies have highlighted the potential importance of miRNA as new therapeutic targets and innovative diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. This review summarizes recent scientific advances on the role played by miRNAs in kidney fibrogenesis and discusses potential clinical applications as well as future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Van der Hauwaert
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - Grégoire Savary
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - Marie-Flore Hennino
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - François Glowacki
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Service de néphrologie, hôpital Huriez, CHRU de Lille, boulevard Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
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125
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Hu LH, Ji JT, Li ZS. Potential application of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in chronic pancreatitis. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2049-57. [PMID: 26149296 PMCID: PMC4568909 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease typified by end-stage fibrosis. This disease can also increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. The associated diagnosis, pain and other complications further add to the burden of disease management. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in identifying miRNAs and their physiological functions, including mRNA repression and protein expression control. Given the extensive effort made on miRNA research, a close correlation has been discovered between certain types of miRNAs and disease progression, particularly for tissue fibrosis. Designing miRNA-related tools for disease diagnosis and therapeutic treatments presents a novel and potential research frontier. In the current review, we discuss various miRNAs closely interacting with CP, as well as the possible development of targeted miRNA therapies in managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Tao Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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126
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Solé C, Cortés-Hernández J, Felip ML, Vidal M, Ordi-Ros J. miR-29c in urinary exosomes as predictor of early renal fibrosis in lupus nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:1488-96. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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127
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Wang B, Ricardo S. Role of microRNA machinery in kidney fibrosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:543-50. [PMID: 24798583 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are critical regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNAs constitute an abundant class of RNAs conserved from plants to animals and, as such, play key roles in diverse biological processes, including inflammation, development, differentiation and apoptosis. More recently, it has become apparent that changes in miRNA expression contribute to a wide spectrum of human pathologies, including heart and kidney disease, organ developmental abnormalities and neuronal degeneration. Moreover, inflammation and the development of kidney fibrosis is accompanied by changes in miRNA expression. This review summarizes the emerging field deciphering the complex connections between human miRNA biology and different aspects of kidney injury, focusing on kidney fibrosis. The miRNA-regulated fibrosis is discussed based on the classification of pivotal mechanisms, notably involving the transforming growth factor-β1 signalling pathway. In addition, the challenge of miRNA delivery vehicles as mechanisms of cellular transfer are reviewed, as is the use of miRNA as a potential biomarker for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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128
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Intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease: role of microRNAs as fibrogenic modulators, serum biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1141-50. [PMID: 25636122 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation often precedes fibrosis and stricture formation in patients with Crohn's disease. Established medical therapies reduce inflammation, but there are currently no specific therapies to prevent fibrosis or treat established fibrosis. Our understanding of the pathogenic processes underpinning fibrogenesis is limited compared with our knowledge of the events initiating and propagating inflammation. There are several biomarkers for intestinal inflammation, but there are none that reflect the development of fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of cellular activities including inflammation and fibrosis and may serve as biomarkers of disease processes. Differential serum and mucosal miRNA expression profiles have been identified between patients with inflammatory bowel disease with active and inactive inflammatory disease. In contrast, studies in patients with fibrotic phenotypes are comparatively few, although specific miRNAs have defined roles in the development of fibrosis in other organ systems. Here, we discuss the most recent research on miRNA and fibrogenesis with a particular emphasis on Crohn's disease. We also anticipate the potential of miRNAs in fulfilling current unmet translational needs in this patient group by focusing on the role of miRNAs as modulators of fibrogenesis and on their potential value as serum biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of fibrosis.
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129
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Lu WD, Zuo Y, Xu Z, Zhang M. MiR-19a promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4564-4573. [PMID: 25914465 PMCID: PMC4402303 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i15.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanism by which miR-19a is up-regulated in gastric cancer (GC), which plays an oncogenic role.
METHODS: In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-19a in gastric tissues as well as two GC cell lines. In vivo, we detected the basal expression level of miR-19a using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and the relevance between expression of miR-19a and clinicopathological information was analyzed. In vitro, miR-19a was ectopically expressed using overexpression and knock-down strategies.
RESULTS: Overexpression of miR-19a was significantly associated with metastasis of GC and inferior overall prognosis. However, no significant correlation was found between miR-19a expression and other characteristics such as age, gender, tobacco, alcohol or tumor size. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays showed that overexpression of miR-19a promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion, and that overexpression of miR-19a promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway could cancel the effect of miR-19a.
CONCLUSION: All together, our results suggest that miR-19a could be used as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of GC.
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Block DB, Mesquita FF, de Lima IP, Boer PA, Gontijo JAR. Fetal kidney programming by maternal smoking exposure: effects on kidney structure, blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion in adult offspring. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 129:283-92. [PMID: 25895625 DOI: 10.1159/000377634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal programming by different insults results in low birth weight and reduction in nephron number increasing the risk for adult development of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Maternal smoking is an important modifiable adverse fetal exposure worldwide and leads to a decrease in the offspring's birth weight. Thus far, the specific adverse fetal smoking exposures and mechanisms underlying these associations on renal development and functional disorder are unclear. METHODS The present study investigates, in adult male rats, the effect of smoking exposure (Sk) in uteri on blood pressure (BP) by an indirect tail-cuff method using an electrosphygmomanometer, and its association with nephron structure by stereological estimation, immunohistochemical and histological techniques, in parallel with kidney function creatinine and lithium clearance. RESULTS The current study showed in a 16-week old Sk offspring enhanced arterial blood pressure associated with, reduced urinary sodium excretion and higher TGF-β1 glomerular expression. Sk glomeruli also presented an upregulated collagen and fibronectin deposition intrinsically related to fibrotic process as compared to age-matched control group. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that fetal-programmed Sk offspring present pronounced glomerular TGF-β1 and fibrotic marker expression that may, subsequently, promote a glomerular epithelial-mesenchymal transition activated process in an Sk offspring. Although the precise mechanism responsible for the subsequently renal morphological and functional response in Sk offspring is incompletely known, the current data suggest that changes in renal function are conducive to excess sodium tubule reabsorption that is associated with enhanced TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen deposition, intrinsically related to fibrotic process, might potentiate the programming of adult hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Block
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Lin F, Wu X, Zhang H, You X, Zhang Z, Shao R, Huang C. A microrna screen to identify regulators of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:48. [PMID: 25884636 PMCID: PMC4546227 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication in patients treated with long-term peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this study was to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in regulation of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis. Methods Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into three groups: (i) Control group (Cg, n = 8); (ii) Saline group (Sg, n = 8): daily intraperitoneal injection with 0.9% normal saline; (iii) Hypertonic dialysate group (HDg, n = 8): daily intraperitoneal injection with 4.25% peritoneal dialysis solution. Rats were sacrificed after four weeks for histological evaluation of peritoneal membrane and the expression of α-SMA and COL-1. A miRNA screen was performed using microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, which were then validated by real-time PCR. Results Compared with the control and the saline groups, hypertonic dialysate group showed impaired peritoneal function accompanied by a spectrum of morphological changes including thicker peritoneal membrane, higher collagen deposition, infiltration of mononuclear cells and neovascularization in the peritoneum. Increased mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA and COL-1 were observed in hypertonic dialysate group, indicating the progression of peritoneal fibrosis. The miRNA screen identified 8 significantly down-regulated miRNAs (miR-31, miR-93, miR-100, miR-152, miR-497, miR-192, miR-194 and miR-200b) and one highly up-regulated miRNA (miR-122) in the hypertonic dialysate group. The results were confirmed by real-time PCR. Conclusions Altered miRNA expression in peritoneum was found in the rat model of peritoneal fibrosis, indicating that these miRNAs may be associated with pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-015-0039-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Huidi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Xiaohan You
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Zhoucang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Rongrong Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Chaoxing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Jia Y, Zhang S, Miao L, Wang J, Jin Z, Gu B, Duan Z, Zhao Z, Ma S, Zhang W, Li Z. Activation of platelet protease-activated receptor-1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemotaxis of colon cancer cell line SW620. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2681-8. [PMID: 25846512 PMCID: PMC4431448 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1)-stimulated platelet activation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of colon cancer cells, and to identify the underlying mechanisms. TFLLR-NH2, a PAR1 agonist, was used to activate platelets and the platelet supernatants were used to treat the SW620 colon cancer cell line. Expression of E-cadherin and vimentin on SW620 cells was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting, and the level of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was measured using ELISA following the activation of platelets by TFLLR-NH2. miR-200b expression was detected using quantitative PCR in SW620 cells. In order to investigate the chemotactic ability of the SW620 cells, the expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) was measured by flow cytometry. Transwell migration assays were performed following exposure of the cells to the supernatant of PAR1-activated platelets. SW620 cells cultured in the supernatant of TFLLR-NH2-activated platelets upregulated E-cadherin expression and downregulated the vimentin expression. In the in vitro platelet culture system, a TFLLR-NH2 dose-dependent increase of secreted TGF-β1 was detected in the supernatant. The activation of PAR1 on the platelets led to the inhibition of miR-200b expression in the SW620 cells that were cultured in platelet-conditioned media. The number of SW620 cells that penetrated through the Transwell membrane increased with the dose of TFLLR-NH2 used to treat the platelets. The percentage of CXCR4-positive SW620 cells was significantly higher when they were exposed to the supernatant of platelets cultured for 24 h with PAR1 agonist than when cultured in non-conditioned media (40.89±6.74 vs. 3.47±1.40%, P<0.01). Platelet activation with a PAR1 agonist triggered TGF-β secretion, which induced EMT of SW620 human colon cancer cells via the downregulation of miR-200b expression, and activated platelets had a chemotactic effect on colon cancer cells mediated by the upregulation of CXCR4 on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Jia
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Suqiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Miao
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Jingbao Wang
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zujian Jin
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Gu
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Duan
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolong Zhao
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shunmao Ma
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University Affiliated North China Petroleum Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Centre of Breast Cancer, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Li
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Tumor suppressive microRNA-200a inhibits renal cell carcinoma development by directly targeting TGFB2. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6691-700. [PMID: 25813153 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that microRNAs play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression by negatively regulating oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Here, we report that the expression of miR-200a was notably downregulated in 45 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) samples. Restoration of miR-200a suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in two RCC cell lines. Furthermore, we used an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition PCR array to explore the putative target genes of miR-200a. By performing quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, and luciferase reporter assays, transforming growth factor beta2 (TGFB2) was validated as a direct target gene of miR-200a. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of TGFB2 partially phenocopied the effect of miR-200a overexpression. These results suggest that miR-200a suppresses RCC development via directly targeting TGFB2, indicating that miR-200a may present a novel target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in RCC.
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Meng XM, Tang PMK, Li J, Lan HY. TGF-β/Smad signaling in renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2015; 6:82. [PMID: 25852569 PMCID: PMC4365692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis. TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects. Among them, Smad signaling is recognized as a major pathway of TGF-β signaling in progressive renal fibrosis. During fibrogenesis, Smad3 is highly activated, which is associated with the down-regulation of an inhibitory Smad7 via an ubiquitin E3-ligases-dependent degradation mechanism. The equilibrium shift between Smad3 and Smad7 leads to accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts, overproduction of ECM (extracellular matrix), and reduction in ECM degradation in the diseased kidney. Therefore, overexpression of Smad7 has been shown to be a therapeutic agent for renal fibrosis in various models of kidney diseases. In contrast, another downstream effecter of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, Smad2, exerts its renal protective role by counter-regulating the Smad3. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrated that Smad3 mediates renal fibrosis by down-regulating miR-29 and miR-200 but up-regulating miR-21 and miR-192. Thus, overexpression of miR-29 and miR-200 or down-regulation of miR-21 and miR-192 is capable of attenuating Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis in various mouse models of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Taken together, TGF-β/Smad signaling plays an important role in renal fibrosis. Targeting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling may represent a specific and effective therapy for CKD associated with renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that regulate most of important cellular processes by inhibiting gene expression through the post-transcriptional repression of their target mRNAs. In kidneys, miRNAs have been associated in renal development, homeostasis, and physiological functions. Results from clinical and experimental animal studies demonstrate that miRNAs play essential roles in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases. Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is characterized by renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is recognized as a major mediator of renal fibrosis because it is able to stimulate the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to impair normal kidney function. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrate the relationship between TGF-β signaling and miRNAs expression during renal diseases. TGF-β regulates expression of several microRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-192, miR-200, miR-433, and miR-29. MiR-21, miR-192, and miR-433 which are positively induced by TGF-β signaling play a pathological role in kidney diseases. In contrast, members in both miR-29 and miR-200 families which are inhibited by TGF-β signaling protect kidneys from renal fibrosis by suppressing the deposition of ECM and preventing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, respectively. Clinically, the presence of miRNAs in blood and urine has been examined to be early biomarkers for detecting renal diseases. From experimental animal studies of CKD, targeting microRNAs also provides evidence about therapeutic potential of miRNAs during renal diseases. Now, it comes to the stage to examine the exact mechanisms of miRNAs during the initiation and progression of renal diseases. Therefore, determining the function of miRNAs in renal fibrosis may facilitate the development of both early diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C-K Chung
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong, China ; HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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136
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Ruiz MA, Chakrabarti S. MicroRNAs: the underlying mediators of pathogenetic processes in vascular complications of diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2015; 37:339-44. [PMID: 24500562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes chronic complications primarily affecting the vasculature of various organs, risking patients for renal failure, vision loss and heart failure. A newly discovered class of molecules, microRNAs, may be important in the genesis of these pathologic processes. microRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting target messenger RNA translation. In disease states, however, the expression of microRNAs often is altered, resulting in further altered expression (mostly overexpression) of downstream target genes. Interestingly, restoring microRNA expression to normal levels can correct downstream effects and prevent diabetes-associated changes. Investigations into microRNA involved in various pathogenetic processes mediating diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and cardiomyopathy are highlighted in this review. Future directions of microRNA in therapeutics and diagnostics are also discussed. It is our intent to help the reader appreciate the diverse interactions microRNAs have in cellular signalling and how understanding epigenetic elements, such as microRNAs, potentially can yield new therapeutic strategies.
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137
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Butterworth MB. MicroRNAs and the regulation of aldosterone signaling in the kidney. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C521-7. [PMID: 25673770 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRs), in development and disease has been recognized for many years. The number of miRs and regulated targets that reinforce a role for miRs in human disease and disease progression is ever-increasing. However, less is known about the involvement of miRs in steady-state, nondisease homeostatic pathways. In the kidney, much of the regulated ion transport is under the control of hormonal signaling. Evidence is emerging that miRs are involved in the hormonal regulation of kidney function and, particularly, in ion transport. In this short review, the production and intra- and extracellular signaling of miRs and the involvement of miRs in kidney disease are discussed. The discussion also focuses on the role of these small biological molecules in the homeostatic control of ion transport in the kidney. MiR regulation of and by corticosteroid hormones, in particular the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, is considered. While information about the role of aldosterone-regulated miRs in the kidney is limited, an increase in the research in this area will undoubtedly highlight the involvement of miRs as central mediators of hormonal signaling in normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Butterworth
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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138
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Papadopoulos T, Belliere J, Bascands JL, Neau E, Klein J, Schanstra JP. miRNAs in urine: a mirror image of kidney disease? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:361-74. [PMID: 25660955 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1009449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that control post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They are found ubiquitously in tissue and body fluids and participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Due to these characteristics and their stability, miRNAs could serve as biomarkers of different pathologies of the kidney. Urine is a non-invasive reservoir of molecules, especially indicative of the urinary system. In this review, we focus on urinary miRNAs and their potential to serve as biomarkers in kidney disease. Past studies show that urinary miRNAs correlate with renal dysfunctions and with processes involved in the pathophysiology. However, these studies also stress the need for future research focusing on large-scale studies to confirm the usability of urinary miRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers of different kidney diseases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, B.P. 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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139
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Zuo QF, Zhang R, Li BS, Zhao YL, Zhuang Y, Yu T, Gong L, Li S, Xiao B, Zou QM. MicroRNA-141 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in gastric cancer by directly targeting transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif, TAZ. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1623. [PMID: 25633292 PMCID: PMC4669771 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a biologically heterogeneous disease accompanying various genetic and epigenetic alterations, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are complex and not completely understood. Increasing evidence shows that abnormal microRNA (miRNA) expression is involved in GC tumorigenesis, but the role of specific miRNAs involved in this disease remains elusive. MiR-141 was previously reported to act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in diverse cancers. However, their accurate expression, function and mechanism in GC are largely unclear. Here we found that the expression of miR-141 was significantly reduced in GC compared with paired adjacent normal tissues and was significantly correlated with a more aggressive phenotype of GC in patients. Ectopic expression of miR-141 mimics in GC cell lines resulted in reduced proliferation, invasion and migration, and inhibition of miR-141 in GC cell lines promoted cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro. We further demonstrated that miR-141 acted as tumor suppressors through targeting transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in GC. Moreover, the inverse relationship between miR-141 and its target was verified in patients and xenograft mice. Finally, overexpression of miR-141 suppressed tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in nude mice. Take together, we identified that miR-141 is a potent tumor suppressor in the stomach, and its growth inhibitory effects are, in part, mediated through its downstream target gene, TAZ. These findings implied that miR-141 might be employed as novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-F Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - R Zhang
- Research and Service Center of Laboratory Medicine, ChengDu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, PR China
| | - B-S Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Y-L Zhao
- General Surgery and Center of Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Y Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - T Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - L Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - S Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - B Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Q-M Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Goh JN, Loo SY, Datta A, Siveen KS, Yap WN, Cai W, Shin EM, Wang C, Kim JE, Chan M, Dharmarajan AM, Lee ASG, Lobie PE, Yap CT, Kumar AP. microRNAs in breast cancer: regulatory roles governing the hallmarks of cancer. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:409-28. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jen N. Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Ser Y. Loo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore 138672 Singapore
| | - Arpita Datta
- Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
| | - Kodappully S. Siveen
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Wei N. Yap
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Eun M. Shin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Ji E. Kim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Maurice Chan
- Division of Medical Sciences; National Cancer Centre; Singapore 169610 Singapore
| | - Arun M. Dharmarajan
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University; 6845 Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Ann S.-G. Lee
- Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences; National Cancer Centre; Singapore 169610 Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore 169857 Singapore
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute; Singapore 1192288 Singapore
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117597 Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute; Singapore 1192288 Singapore
| | - Alan P. Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University; 6845 Perth Western Australia Australia
- National University Cancer Institute; Singapore 1192288 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton TX 76203-5017 U.S.A
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Wu RL, Ali S, Bandyopadhyay S, Alosh B, Hayek K, Daaboul MF, Winer I, Sarkar FH, Ali-Fehmi R. Comparative Analysis of Differentially Expressed miRNAs and their Downstream mRNAs in Ovarian Cancer and its Associated Endometriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:258-265. [PMID: 26819681 PMCID: PMC4725315 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective There is an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer (OC) in patients with endometriosis. Hence, development of new biomarkers may provide a positive clinical outcome for early detection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in biological and pathological process and are currently used as diagnostic and prognostic markers in various cancers. In the current study, we assessed the differential expression of miRNAs from 19 paired ovarian cancer and its associated endometriosis tissue samples. In addition we also analyzed the downstream targets of those miRNAs. Methods Nineteen paired cases of ovarian cancer and endometriosis foci were identified by a gynecologic pathologist and macro-dissected. The total RNAs were extracted and subjected to comprehensive miRNA profiling from the pooled samples of these two different entities using microarray analysis. Later, the abnormal expressions of few selected miRNAs were validated in individual cases by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed target mRNAs which were validated by qRT-PCR. Results The miRNA profiling identified deregulation of greater than 1156 miRNAs in OC, of which the top seven were further validated by qRT-PCR. The expression of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-451 were reduced significantly (p<0.0001) in the OC patients compared to its associated endometriosis. In contrast, the expression of miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c, and miR-3613 were elevated significantly (p<0.05) in most of the OC patients. Furthermore, among the downstream mRNAs of these miRNAs, the level of PTEN expression was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in OC compared to endometriosis while no significant difference was observed in NF-κB expression. Conclusion The expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in OC were significantly different compared to its concurrent endometriosis. These differential expressed miRNAs may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for OC associated with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Licheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shadan Ali
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Baraa Alosh
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kinda Hayek
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mhd Fayez Daaboul
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ira Winer
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Suh HN, Han HJ. Sonic hedgehog increases the skin wound-healing ability of mouse embryonic stem cells through the microRNA 200 family. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:815-28. [PMID: 25257936 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To use stem cell therapy effectively, it is important to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cells with soluble factors. Although sonic hedgehog (shh) is important in maintaining the stem cell, the recovery effect of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with shh has not yet been elucidated. The present study investigated the effect of mESCs with shh in skin recovery in vivo as well as the related intracellular signal pathways in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The healing effect of mESCs with shh on skin wounds was examined in vivo in ICR mice. The involvement of Smads, the microRNA (miR)-200 family, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEBs) and E-cadherin on shh-induced mESC migration and self-renewal was determined in vitro. KEY RESULTS The mESCs with shh increased re-epithelialization and VEGF expression in skin wounds. Shh-treated mESCs increased both secreted and intracellular levels of VEGF. Shh induced dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β through the Smoothened receptor and increased the phosphorylation of Smad1 and Smad2/3 in mESCs. Shh-induced decrease of the mmu-miR-141, -200c, -200a, -200b and -429 expression levels was significantly reversed by Smad4 siRNA. Shh increased nuclear expression of ZEB1/ZEB2 and decreased E-cadherin expression while increasing cell migration and skin wound healing. Both these effects were reversed by mmu-miR-141 and -200b mimics. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Mouse ESCs accelerated skin wound healing by shh through down-regulating E-cadherin, an effect dependent on mmu-miR-141 and -200b. Our data provides evidence for the effectiveness of shh in stem cell-based therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Na Suh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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143
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Li Z, Wang L, Xu J, Yang Z. MiRNA expression profile and miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis (MMIA) during podocyte differentiation. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:863-75. [PMID: 25433550 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The podocyte is a prominent cell type, which encases the capillaries of glomerulus. Podocyte-selective deletion of Dicer or Drosha was reported to induce proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, suggesting the essential role of microRNA (miRNA) in podocytes for renal function. However, no comprehensive miRNA expression or miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis (MMIA) can be found during podocyte differentiation. Herein, miRNA and mRNA microarrays are presented, which were carried out in differentiated and undifferentiated mouse podocyte cell lines (MPC5). A total of 50 abnormal miRNAs (26 down-regulated and 24 up-regulated) were identified in differentiated and undifferentiated podocytes. Using MMIA, 80 of the 743 mRNAs (>twofold change) were predicted for potential crosstalk with 30 miRNAs of the 50 abnormal miRNAs. In addition, the gene ontology of mRNAs and the pathway analysis of miRNAs revealed a new potential-regulated network during podocyte differentiation. The expressions of three remarkably changed miRNAs (miR-34c, miR-200a and miR-467e) and four mRNAs (Runx1t1, Atp2a2, Glrp1, and Mmp15), were randomly chosen for further validation by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and their expression trends were consistent with the microarray data. Reference searching was also conducted to confirm our data and to find potential new molecules and miRNA-target pairs involved in the podocyte differentiation. The dual luciferase reporter assay for miR-200a/GLRX and let-7b/ARL4D confirmed the prediction of MMIA. The results of this study provide a detailed integration of mRNA and miRNA during podocyte differentiation. The molecular integration mode will open up new perspectives for a better understanding of the mechanism during podocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigui Li
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Huang Y, Tong J, He F, Yu X, Fan L, Hu J, Tan J, Chen Z. miR-141 regulates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through repression of HIPK2 expression in renal tubular epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:311-8. [PMID: 25421593 PMCID: PMC4292766 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in embryonic development, wound healing, tissue regeneration, cancer progression and organ fibrosis. The proximal tubular epithelial cells undergo EMT, resulting in matrix-producing fibroblasts and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. The profibrotic cytokine, TGF‑β, is now recognized as the main pathogenic driver that has been shown to induce EMT in tubular epithelial cells. Increasing evidence indicate that HIPK2 dysfunction may play a role in fibroblasts behavior, and therefore, HIPK2 may be considered as a novel potential target for anti-fibrosis therapy. Recently, members of the miR-200 family (miR‑200a, b and c and miR‑141) have been shown to inhibit EMT. However, the steps of the multifactorial renal fibrosis progression that these miRNAs regulate, particularly miR‑141, are unclear. To study the functional importance of miR‑141 in EMT, a well‑established in vitro EMT assay was used to demonstrate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis; transforming growth factor‑β1‑induced EMT in HK-2 cells. Overexpression of miR‑141 in HK‑2 cells, either with or without TGF‑β1 treatment, hindered EMT by enhancing E‑cadherin and decreasing vimentin and fibroblast‑specific protein 1 expression. miR‑141 expression was repressed during EMT in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner through upregulation of HIPK2 expression. Ectopic expression of HIPK2 promoted EMT by decreasing E-cadherin. Furthermore, co-transfection of miR‑141 with the HIPK2 ORF clone partially inhibited EMT by restoring E‑cadherin expression. miR‑141 downregulated the expression of HIPK2 via direct interaction with the 3'-untranslated region of HIPK2. Taken together, these findings aid in the understanding of the role and mechanism of miR‑141 in regulating renal fibrosis via the TGF‑β1/miR-141/HIPK2/EMT axis, and miR-141 may represent novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Junrong Tong
- Department of Nephrology, Guanzhou General Hospital of Guanzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Nephrology, Guanzhou General Hospital of Guanzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Xinpei Yu
- Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support Laboratory, Guanzhou General Hospital of Guanzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Liming Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Guanzhou General Hospital of Guanzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Guanzhou General Hospital of Guanzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Jiangping Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Guanzhou General Hospital of Guanzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Zhengliang Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Shen A, Lin W, Chen Y, Liu L, Chen H, Zhuang Q, Lin J, Sferra TJ, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang inhibits metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma cells via modulation of TGF-β1/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:685-90. [PMID: 25422078 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis, a complex process involving the spread of malignant tumor cells from a primary tumor site to a distant organ, is a major cause of failure of cancer chemotherapy. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step for the initiation of cancer metastasis. The processes of EMT and metastasis are highly regulated by a double-negative feedback loop consisting of TGF-β1/ZEB pathway and miR-200 family, which therefore has become a promising target for cancer chemotherapy. Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a well-known traditional Chinese formula first prescribed in the Ming Dynasty, has been demonstrated to be clinically effective in the treatment of various types of human malignancy including colorectal cancer (CRC). Our published data proposed that PZH was able to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis, leading to the suppression of CRC growth in vitro and in vivo. To further elucidate the mode of action of PZH, in the present study we evaluated its effects on the metastatic capacities of human colorectal carcinoma HCT-8 cells and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that PZH significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCT-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PZH treatment inhibited the expression of key mediators of TGF-β1 signaling, such as TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and Smad4. Moreover, PZH treatment suppressed the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2, two critical target genes of TGF-β1 pathway, leading to a decrease in the expression of mesenchymal marker N-cadherin and an increased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. Furthermore, PZH treatment upregulated the expression of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-200c. Collectively, our findings in this study suggest that PZH can inhibit metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via modulating TGF-β1/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network, which might be one of the mechanisms whereby PZH exerts its anticancer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qunchuan Zhuang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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147
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Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis represents the final common pathway of any form of progressive renal disease. The severity of tubular interstitial damage is highly correlated to the degree of decline of renal function, even better than the glomerular lesions do. Angiotensin II (Ang II), the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system, is a critical promoter of fibrogenesis. It represents a nexus among glomerular capillary hypertension, barrier dysfunction, and renal tubular injury caused by abnormally filtered proteins. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediators of the pro-fibrotic effect of Ang II causing apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of the renal tubular epithelium. Recent studies link fibrosis to changes of microRNA (miRNA) modulated by Ang II through TGF-β1, unraveling that antifibrotic action of Ang II antagonism is attributable to epigenetic control of fibrosis-associated genes. Other mechanisms of Ang II-induced fibrosis include ROS-dependent activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Finally, Ang II via angiotensin type 1 receptor regulates the activation and transdifferentiation of pericytes and fibrocytes into scar-forming myofibroblasts. Detachment and phenotypic changes of the former can lead to the loss of peritubular capillaries and also contribute to hypoxia-dependent fibrosis.
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148
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Yao HW, Li J. Epigenetic Modifications in Fibrotic Diseases: Implications for Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Targets. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:2-13. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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149
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Wang XL, Xie HY, Zhu CD, Zhu XF, Cao GX, Chen XH, Xu HF. Increased miR-141 expression is associated with diagnosis and favorable prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:877-83. [PMID: 25304156 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study are to analyze the association of microRNA-141 (miR-141) with the clinicopathological parameters of bladder cancer and evaluate the value of miR-141 in predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer. In this study, 114 patients with bladder cancer were enrolled in the study, and tissue specimens were obtained from the tumor zone and from adjacent normal area. miR-141 expression was determined using SYRB Green quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and was further correlated with patients' clinicopathological parameters and the follow-up data. The results indicated that miR-141 was upregulated in malignant bladder specimens compared with normal ones (P < 0.001). miR-141 expression was significantly associated with tumor stage (P < 0.001), tumor grade (P < 0.001), and muscle invasion status (P < 0.001). Log-rank test showed that the higher miR-141 expression was associated with longer disease-specific survival of the patients with bladder cancer (P < 0.001), which was also proven by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.039, respectively). Focusing on patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, univariate analysis using log-rank test and Cox regression analysis found that patients with high miR-141 expression experienced longer disease-free survival (P = 0.031 and P = 0.040, respectively) and disease-specific survival (P = 0.028 and P = 0.038, respectively), which was confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis (P = 0.036 and P = 0.042, respectively). In conclusion, this study showed that miR-141 may contribute to the progression of bladder cancer and its upregulation may be independently associated with favorable prognosis of bladder cancer, suggesting that miR-141 might serve as a promising biological marker for further risk stratification in the management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, 226361, China
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150
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Tang PMK, Lan HY. MicroRNAs in TGF-β/Smad-mediated Tissue Fibrosis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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