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Activity of phosphatase-sensitive 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrugs in cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 171:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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102
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Kadochi Y, Mori S, Fujiwara-Tani R, Luo Y, Nishiguchi Y, Kishi S, Fujii K, Ohmori H, Kuniyasu H. Remodeling of energy metabolism by a ketone body and medium-chain fatty acid suppressed the proliferation of CT26 mouse colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:673-680. [PMID: 28693220 PMCID: PMC5494726 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal and cancerous cells are suggested to have differential utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies, which could be exploited in cancer therapy. The present study examined the effect of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA), which is a ketone body generating acetyl-CoA, and lauric acid (LAA, C12:0), which is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid translocated to mitochondria in a carnitine-independent manner to produce acetyl-CoA, on the energy metabolism of mouse CT26 colon cancer cells. In CT26 cells expressing 3-HBA and LAA transporters, 3-HBA and LAA reduced cell proliferation, mitochondrial volume and lactate production, and increased oxidative stress, particularly in low-glucose conditions. Concurrent treatment with 3-HBA and LAA under glucose starvation had a synergistic effect on cell growth inhibition. In addition, LAA and LAA + 3-HBA promoted an imbalance in the expression of enzymes in the electron transport chain. These findings suggested that treatment with 3-HBA and/or LAA during glucose starvation may reprogram energy metabolism and decrease the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kadochi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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103
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Spina EJ, Guzman E, Zhou H, Kosik KS, Smith WC. A microRNA-mRNA expression network during oral siphon regeneration in Ciona. Development 2017; 144:1787-1797. [PMID: 28432214 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a parallel study of mRNA and microRNA expression during oral siphon (OS) regeneration in Ciona robusta, and the derived network of their interactions. In the process of identifying 248 mRNAs and 15 microRNAs as differentially expressed, we also identified 57 novel microRNAs, several of which are among the most highly differentially expressed. Analysis of functional categories identified enriched transcripts related to stress responses and apoptosis at the wound healing stage, signaling pathways including Wnt and TGFβ during early regrowth, and negative regulation of extracellular proteases in late stage regeneration. Consistent with the expression results, we found that inhibition of TGFβ signaling blocked OS regeneration. A correlation network was subsequently inferred for all predicted microRNA-mRNA target pairs expressed during regeneration. Network-based clustering associated transcripts into 22 non-overlapping groups, the functional analysis of which showed enrichment of stress response, signaling pathway and extracellular protease categories that could be related to specific microRNAs. Predicted targets of the miR-9 cluster suggest a role in regulating differentiation and the proliferative state of neural progenitors through regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Spina
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - William C Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA .,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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104
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Li FJ, Wang DY, Wang HY, Wang L, Yang FB, Lan L, Guan J, Yin ZF, Rosenhall U, Yu L, Hellstrom S, Xue XJ, Duan ML, Wang QJ. Clinical Study on 136 Children with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:946-52. [PMID: 27064040 PMCID: PMC4831530 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.179791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in children (CSSNHL) is consistently increasing. However, the pathology and prognosis of CSSNHL are still poorly understood. This retrospective study evaluated clinical characteristics and possible associated factors of CSSNHL. Methods: One hundred and thirty-six CSSNHL patients treated in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Institute of Otolaryngology at Chinese PLA General Hospital between July 2008 and August 2015 were included in this study. These patients were analyzed for clinical characteristics, audiological characteristics, laboratory examinations, and prognostic factors. Results: Among the 136 patients (151 ears), 121 patients (121 ears, 80.1%) were diagnosed with unilaterally CSSNHL, and 15 patients (30 ears, 19.9%) with bilateral CSSNHL. The complete recovery rate of CSSNHL was 9.3%, and the overall recovery rate was 37.7%. We found that initial degree of hearing loss, onset of treatment, tinnitus, the ascending type audiogram, gender, side of hearing loss, the recorded auditory brainstem response (ABR), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) had prognostic significance. Age, ear fullness, and vertigo had no significant correlation with recovery. Furthermore, the relevant blood tests showed 30.8% of the children had abnormal white blood cell (WBC) counts, 22.1% had elevated homocysteine levels, 65.8% had high alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 33.8% had high IgE antibody levels, and 86.1% had positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibodies. Conclusions: CSSNHL commonly occurs unilaterally and results in severe hearing loss. Initial severe hearing loss and bilateral hearing loss are negative prognostic factors for hearing recovery, while positive prognostic factors include tinnitus, gender, the ascending type audiogram, early treatment, identifiable ABR waves, and DPOAEs. Age, vertigo, and ear fullness are not correlated with the recovery. Some serologic indicators, including the level of WBC, platelet, homocysteine, ALP, positive CMV IgG antibody, fibrinogen, and some immunologic indicators, are closely related to CSSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiu-Ju Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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105
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Rao SR, Snaith AE, Marino D, Cheng X, Lwin ST, Orriss IR, Hamdy FC, Edwards CM. Tumour-derived alkaline phosphatase regulates tumour growth, epithelial plasticity and disease-free survival in metastatic prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:227-236. [PMID: 28006818 PMCID: PMC5243990 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that bone-related parameters are the main prognostic factors for overall survival in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), with elevated circulating levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) thought to reflect the dysregulated bone formation accompanying distant metastases. We have identified that PCa cells express ALPL, the gene that encodes for tissue nonspecific ALP, and hypothesised that tumour-derived ALPL may contribute to disease progression. METHODS Functional effects of ALPL inhibition were investigated in metastatic PCa cell lines. ALPL gene expression was analysed from published PCa data sets, and correlated with disease-free survival and metastasis. RESULTS ALPL expression was increased in PCa cells from metastatic sites. A reduction in tumour-derived ALPL expression or ALP activity increased cell death, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and reduced migration. Alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased by the EMT repressor Snail. In men with PCa, tumour-derived ALPL correlated with EMT markers, and high ALPL expression was associated with a significant reduction in disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal the function of tumour-derived ALPL in regulating cell death and epithelial plasticity, and demonstrate a strong association between ALPL expression in PCa cells and metastasis or disease-free survival, thus identifying tumour-derived ALPL as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Rao
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - A E Snaith
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - D Marino
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - X Cheng
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - S T Lwin
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - I R Orriss
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - F C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - C M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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de Souza GB, Costa JJN, da Cunha EV, Passos JRS, Ribeiro RP, Saraiva MVA, van den Hurk R, Silva JRV. Bovine ovarian stem cells differentiate into germ cells and oocyte-like structures after culture in vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:243-250. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- GB de Souza
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - JJN Costa
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - EV da Cunha
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - JRS Passos
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - RP Ribeiro
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - MVA Saraiva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
| | - R van den Hurk
- Department of Pathobiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - JRV Silva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral - NUBIS; Federal University of Ceara; Sobral CE Brazil
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107
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Fakhry M, Roszkowska M, Briolay A, Bougault C, Guignandon A, Diaz-Hernandez JI, Diaz-Hernandez M, Pikula S, Buchet R, Hamade E, Badran B, Bessueille L, Magne D. TNAP stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell trans-differentiation into chondrocytes through calcium deposition and BMP-2 activation: Possible implication in atherosclerotic plaque stability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:643-653. [PMID: 27932058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque calcification varies from early, diffuse microcalcifications to a bone-like tissue formed by endochondral ossification. Recently, a paradigm has emerged suggesting that if the bone metaplasia stabilizes the plaques, microcalcifications are harmful. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an ectoenzyme necessary for mineralization by its ability to hydrolyze inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), is stimulated by inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our objective was to determine the role of TNAP in trans-differentiation of VSMCs and calcification. In rodent MOVAS and A7R5 VSMCs, addition of exogenous alkaline phosphatase (AP) or TNAP overexpression was sufficient to stimulate the expression of several chondrocyte markers and induce mineralization. Addition of exogenous AP to human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in pellets also stimulated chondrogenesis. Moreover, TNAP inhibition with levamisole in mouse primary chondrocytes dropped mineralization as well as the expression of chondrocyte markers. VSMCs trans-differentiated into chondrocyte-like cells, as well as primary chondrocytes, used TNAP to hydrolyze PPi, and PPi provoked the same effects as TNAP inhibition in primary chondrocytes. Interestingly, apatite crystals, associated or not to collagen, mimicked the effects of TNAP on VSMC trans-differentiation. AP and apatite crystals increased the expression of BMP-2 in VSMCs, and TNAP inhibition reduced BMP-2 levels in chondrocytes. Finally, the BMP-2 inhibitor noggin blocked the rise in aggrecan induced by AP in VSMCs, suggesting that TNAP induction in VSMCs triggers calcification, which stimulates chondrogenesis through BMP-2. Endochondral ossification in atherosclerotic plaques may therefore be induced by crystals, probably to confer stability to plaques with microcalcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Fakhry
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France; Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Monika Roszkowska
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne Briolay
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Carole Bougault
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Guignandon
- Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, LBTO, UMR INSERM 1059, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Juan Ignacio Diaz-Hernandez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Dpt. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Diaz-Hernandez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Dpt. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - René Buchet
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Eva Hamade
- Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France.
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Sayyar S, Bjorninen M, Haimi S, Miettinen S, Gilmore K, Grijpma D, Wallace G. UV Cross-Linkable Graphene/Poly(trimethylene Carbonate) Composites for 3D Printing of Electrically Conductive Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31916-31925. [PMID: 27782383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conductive, flexible graphene/poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) composites were prepared. Addition of just 3 wt % graphene to PTMC oligomers functionalized with methacrylate end-groups followed by UV cross-linking resulted in more than 100% improvement in tensile strength and enhanced electrical conductivity by orders of magnitude without altering the processability of the host material. The addition of graphene also enhanced mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation. When electrical stimulation via the composite material was applied, MSC viability was not compromised, and osteogenic markers were upregulated. Using additive fabrication techniques, the material was processed into multilayer 3D scaffolds which supported MSC attachment. These conducting composites with excellent processability and compatibility with MSCs are promising biomaterials to be used as versatile platforms for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepidar Sayyar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Miina Bjorninen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Suvi Haimi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki , 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, BioMediTech, University of Tampere , 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Dirk Grijpma
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , 9600 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gordon Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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Khan MI, Czarnecka AM, Lewicki S, Helbrecht I, Brodaczewska K, Koch I, Zdanowski R, Król M, Szczylik C. Comparative Gene Expression Profiling of Primary and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Stem Cell-Like Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165718. [PMID: 27812180 PMCID: PMC5094751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advancement in cancer research has shown that tumors are highly heterogeneous, and multiple phenotypically different cell populations are found in a single tumor. Cancer development and tumor growth are driven by specific types of cells—stem cell-like cancer cells (SCLCCs)—which are also responsible for metastatic spread and drug resistance. This research was designed to verify the presence of SCLCCs in renal cell cancer cell lines. Subsequently, we aimed to characterize phenotype and cell biology of CD105+ cells, defined previously as renal cell carcinoma tumor-initiating cells. The main goal of the project was to describe the gene-expression profile of stem cell-like cancer cells of primary tumor and metastatic origin. Materials and Methods Real-time PCR analysis of stemness genes (Oct-4, Nanog and Ncam) and soft agar colony formation assay were conducted to check the stemness properties of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. FACS analysis of CD105+ and CD133+ cells was performed on RCC cells. Isolated CD105+ cells were verified for expression of mesenchymal markers—CD24, CD146, CD90, CD73, CD44, CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR and alkaline phosphatase. Hanging drop assay was used to investigate CD105+ cell-cell cohesion. Analysis of free-floating 3D spheres formed by isolated CD105+ was verified, as spheres have been hypothesized to contain undifferentiated multipotent progenitor cells. Finally, CD105+ cells were sorted from primary (Caki-2) and metastatic (ACHN) renal cell cancer cell lines. Gene-expression profiling of sorted CD105+ cells was performed with Agilent’s human GE 4x44K v2 microarrays. Differentially expressed genes were further categorized into canonical pathways. Network analysis and downstream analysis were performed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results Metastatic RCC cell lines (ACHN and Caki-1) demonstrated higher colony-forming ability in comparison to primary RCC cell lines. Metastatic RCC cell lines harbor numerous CD105+ cell subpopulations and have higher expression of stemness genes (Oct-4 and Nanog). CD105+ cells adopt 3D grape-like floating structures under handing drop conditions. Sorted CD105+ cells are positive for human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers CD90, CD73, CD44, CD146, and alkaline phosphatase activity, but not for CD24 and hematopoietic lineage markers CD34, CD11b, CD19, CD45, and HLA-DR. 1411 genes are commonly differentially expressed in CD105+ cells (both from primary [Caki-2] and metastatic RCC [ACHN] cells) in comparison to a healthy kidney epithelial cell line (ASE-5063). TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenine, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Rap1 signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, and Hippo signaling pathway are deregulated in CD105+ cells. TGFB1, ERBB2, and TNF are the most significant transcriptional regulators activated in these cells. Conclusions All together, RCC-CD105+ cells present stemlike properties. These stem cell-like cancer cells may represent a novel target for therapy. A unique gene-expression profile of CD105+ cells could be used as initial data for subsequent functional studies and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MIK); (AMC)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MIK); (AMC)
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor Helbrecht
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Koch
- Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—WULS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Mennan C, Brown S, McCarthy H, Mavrogonatou E, Kletsas D, Garcia J, Balain B, Richardson J, Roberts S. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from whole human umbilical cord exhibit similar properties to those derived from Wharton's jelly and bone marrow. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1054-1066. [PMID: 27833846 PMCID: PMC5095143 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be isolated from several regions of human umbilical cords, including Wharton's jelly (WJ), artery, vein or cord lining. These MSC appear to be immune privileged and are promising candidates for cell therapy. However, isolating MSC from WJ, artery, vein or cord lining requires time-consuming tissue dissection. MSC can be obtained easily via briefly digesting complete segments of the umbilical cord, likely containing heterogenous or mixed populations of MSC (MC-MSC). MC-MSC are generally less well characterized than WJ-MSC, but nevertheless represent a potentially valuable population of MSC. This study aimed to further characterize MC-MSC in comparison to WJ-MSC and also the better-characterized bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC). MC-MSC proliferated faster, with significantly faster doubling times reaching passage one 8.8 days sooner and surviving longer in culture than WJ-MSC. All MSC retained the safety aspect of reducing telomere length with increasing passage number. MSC were also assessed for their ability to suppress T-cell proliferation and for the production of key markers of pluripotency, embryonic stem cells, tolerogenicity (CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR) and immunomodulation (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [IDO] and HLA-G). The MC-MSC population displayed all of the positive attributes of WJ-MSC and BM-MSC, but they were more efficient to obtain and underwent more population doublings than from WJ, suggesting that MC-MSC are promising candidates for allogeneic cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mennan
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Sharon Brown
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Helen McCarthy
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and AgeingInstitute of Biosciences and ApplicationsNational Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”AthensGreece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and AgeingInstitute of Biosciences and ApplicationsNational Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”AthensGreece
| | - John Garcia
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Birender Balain
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - James Richardson
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Sally Roberts
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
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111
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Liu H, Yan X, Pandya M, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. Daughters of the Enamel Organ: Development, Fate, and Function of the Stratum Intermedium, Stellate Reticulum, and Outer Enamel Epithelium. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1580-1590. [PMID: 27611344 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tooth enamel organ (EO) is a complex epithelial cell assembly involved in multiple aspects of tooth development, including amelogenesis. The present study focuses on the role of the nonameloblast layers of the EO, the stratum intermedium, the stellate reticulum, and the outer enamel epithelium (OEE). The secretory stage stratum intermedium was distinguished by p63-positive epithelial stem cell marks, highly specific alkaline phosphatase labeling, as well as multiple desmosomes and gap junctions. At the location of the presecretory stage stellate reticulum, the pre-eruption EO prominently featured the papillary layer (PL) as a keratin immunopositive network of epithelial strands between tooth crowns and oral epithelium. PL cell strands contained numerous p63-positive epithelial stem cells, while BrdU proliferative cells were detected at the outer boundaries of the PL, suggesting that the stellate reticulum/PL epithelial cell sheath proliferated to facilitate an epithelial seal during tooth eruption. Comparative histology studies demonstrated continuity between the OEE and the general lamina of continuous tooth replacement in reptiles, and the outer layer of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in humans, implicating the OEE as the formative layer for continuous tooth replacement and tooth root extension. Cell fate studies in organ culture verified that the cervical portion of the mouse molar EO gave rise to Malassez rest-like cell islands. Together, these studies indicate that the nonameloblast layers of the EO play multiple roles during odontogenesis, including the maintenance of several p63-positive stem cell reservoirs, a role during tooth root morphogenesis and tooth succession, a stabilizing function for the ameloblast layer, the facilitation of ion transport from the EO capillaries to the enamel layer, as well as safe and seamless tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- 1 Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, UIC Departments of Oral Biology and Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Xiulin Yan
- 1 Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, UIC Departments of Oral Biology and Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,3 Department of Orthodontics, China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Mirali Pandya
- 4 Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis , Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xianghong Luan
- 1 Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, UIC Departments of Oral Biology and Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- 4 Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis , Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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112
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He N, Dong Z, Zhu B, Nuo M, Bou S, Liu D. Expression of pluripotency markers in Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:782-8. [PMID: 27364919 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In our previous work, we found that the Inner Mongolia Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells (gHFSCs) can be successfully differentiated into adipocyte, chondrocyte, and osteocyte lineages. In this study, we further examined the expression of the pluripotency and stemness markers Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, AKP, and TERT in gHFSCs by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and Western blot. Immunofluorescent staining showed that the gHFSCs were positive for all five markers. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) further analyzed the positive expression of Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 in the gHFSCs. Compared with Arbas Cashmere goat adipose-derived stem cells (gADSCs) at the mRNA expression level, Oct4 was relatively highly expressed in gHFSCs, 41.36 times of the gADSCs, and Nanog was 5.61, AKP was 2.74, and TERT was 2.10 times, respectively (p < 0.01). Western blot indicated that all markers are expressed at the protein level in the gHFSCs. When compared with gADSCs, using α-tubulin as a reference protein, gray intensity analysis showed that the expression of Oct4, Nanog, AKP, and TERT were, respectively, 5.94, 10.78, 1.33, and 1.39 times of gADSCs. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression of Sox2 were detected in the gHFSCs but not in the gADSCs. The protein expression pattern of these markers was consistent with the mRNA results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimantana He
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhenguo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingtu Nuo
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shorgan Bou
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China.
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113
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Park YG, Lee SE, Kim EY, Hyun H, Shin MY, Son YJ, Kim SY, Park SP. Effects of Feeder Cell Types on Culture of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell In Vitro. Dev Reprod 2016; 19:119-26. [PMID: 27004268 PMCID: PMC4801015 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2015.19.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The suitable feeder cell layer is important for culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of two kinds of the feeder cell, MEF cells and STO cells, layer to mouse ES (mES) cell culture for maintenance of stemness. We compare the colony formations, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities, expression of pluripotency marker genes and proteins of D3 cell colonies cultured on MEF feeder cell layer (D3/MEF) or STO cell layers (D3/STO) compared to feeder free condition (D3/-) as a control group. Although there were no differences to colony formations and AP activities, interestingly, the transcripts level of pluripotency marker genes, Pou5f1 and Nanog were highly expressed in D3/MEF (79 and 93) than D3/STO (61and 77) or D3/- (65 and 81). Also, pluripotency marker proteins, NANOG and SOX-2, were more synthesized in D3/MEF (72.8±7.69 and 81.2±3.56) than D3/STO (32.0±4.30 and 56.0±4.90) or D3/- (55.0±4.64 and 62.0±6.20). These results suggest that MEF feeder cell layer is more suitable to mES cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gwi Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul 05066, Korea
| | - Hyuk Hyun
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Min-Young Shin
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul 05066, Korea
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114
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Marklein RA, Lo Surdo JL, Bellayr IH, Godil SA, Puri RK, Bauer SR. High Content Imaging of Early Morphological Signatures Predicts Long Term Mineralization Capacity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells upon Osteogenic Induction. Stem Cells 2016; 34:935-47. [PMID: 26865267 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, often referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent an attractive cell source for many regenerative medicine applications due to their potential for multi-lineage differentiation, immunomodulation, and paracrine factor secretion. A major complication for current MSC-based therapies is the lack of well-defined characterization methods that can robustly predict how they will perform in a particular in vitro or in vivo setting. Significant advances have been made with identifying molecular markers of MSC quality and potency using multivariate genomic and proteomic approaches, and more recently with advanced techniques incorporating high content imaging to assess high-dimensional single cell morphological data. We sought to expand upon current methods of high dimensional morphological analysis by investigating whether short term cell and nuclear morphological profiles of MSCs from multiple donors (at multiple passages) correlated with long term mineralization upon osteogenic induction. Using the combined power of automated high content imaging followed by automated image analysis, we demonstrated that MSC morphology after 3 days was highly correlated with 35 day mineralization and comparable to other methods of MSC osteogenesis assessment (such as alkaline phosphatase activity). We then expanded on this initial morphological characterization and identified morphological features that were highly predictive of mineralization capacities (>90% accuracy) of MSCs from additional donors and different manufacturing techniques using linear discriminant analysis. Together, this work thoroughly demonstrates the predictive power of MSC morphology for mineralization capacity and motivates further studies into MSC morphology as a predictive marker for additional in vitro and in vivo responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Marklein
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Lo Surdo
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian H Bellayr
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Saniya A Godil
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Cellular and Tissue Therapies Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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115
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Development of a cell line from the American eel brain expressing endothelial cell properties. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:395-409. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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116
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Moselhy J, Srinivasan S, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Natural Products That Target Cancer Stem Cells. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:5773-5788. [PMID: 26503998 PMCID: PMC7523548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell model suggests that tumor initiation is governed by a small subset of distinct cells with stem-like character termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs possess properties of self-renewal and intrinsic survival mechanisms that contribute to resistance of tumors to most chemotherapeutic drugs. The failure to eradicate CSCs during the course of therapy is postulated to be the driving force for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Recent studies have focused on understanding the unique phenotypic properties of CSCs from various tumor types, as well as the signaling pathways that underlie self-renewal and drug resistance. Natural products (NPs) such as those derived from botanicals and food sources may modulate vital signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of CSC phenotype. The Wingless/Integrated (WNT), Hedgehog, Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways have all been associated with quiescence and self-renewal of CSCs, as well as execution of CSC function including differentiation, multidrug resistance and metastasis. Recent studies evaluating NPs against CSC support the epidemiological evidence linking plant-based diets with reduced malignancy rates. This review covers the key aspects of NPs as modulators of CSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Moselhy
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A
| | | | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.
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