101
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A xylan from the fresh leaves of Piper betle: Structural characterization and studies of bioactive properties. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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102
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Yun D, Yan Y, Liu J. Isolation, structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murr: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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103
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Nataraj A, Govindan S, Ramani P, Subbaiah KA, Sathianarayanan S, Venkidasamy B, Thiruvengadam M, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Lorenzo JM, Pateiro M. Antioxidant, Anti-Tumour, and Anticoagulant Activities of Polysaccharide from Calocybe indica (APK2). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091694. [PMID: 36139769 PMCID: PMC9495384 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial structural features and in vitro biological study of crude polysaccharides from Calocybe indica (CICP) extracted by hot water followed by ethanol precipitation was investigated. High-performance gel permeation chromatography, HPLC-DAD, UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Congo red methods were used to determine structural features. The results revealed that CICP is a hetero-polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 9.371 × 104 Da and 2.457 × 103 Da which is composed of xylose, mannose, fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose. The antioxidant activity of CICP was evaluated using radical scavenging activity (three methods), reducing ability (three methods), metal chelating activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity (two methods). It was found that the antioxidant capacity is concentration-dependent and EC50 values were found to be 1.99–3.82 mg/mL (radical scavenging activities), 0.78–2.78 mg/mL (reducing ability), 4.11 mg/mL (metal chelating activity), and 0.56–4.18 mg/mL (lipid peroxidation inhibition activity). In vitro anticoagulant assay revealed that CICP could prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), but not prothrombin time (PT). CICP exhibited antiproliferative activity on HeLa, PC3, HT29, HepG2, and Jurkat cell lines with IC50 (μg/mL) values of 148.40, 143.60,151.00, 168.30, and 156.30, respectively. The above findings suggested that CICP could be considered a natural antioxidant and cancer preventative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Nataraj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India
| | - Sudha Govindan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.R.); (M.P.)
| | | | - S. Sathianarayanan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, 26 Talalikhin st., 109316 Moscow, Russia
- Biophotonics center, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, 38 Vavilov st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Semey Branch of the Institute, Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, 238«G» Gagarin Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.R.); (M.P.)
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104
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Zhang P, Tan J, Wang W, Zhang J, Gong H, Xue H. Extraction, separation, purification, chemical characterizations, and biological activities of polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine: A review. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Zhang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine Hebei University No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of traditional Chinese medicine Hebei University No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Wenli Wang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine Hebei University No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine Hebei University No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Hansheng Gong
- School of Food Engineering Ludong University No. 186 Hongqi Middle Road, Zhifu District Yantai 264025 P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Xue
- College of traditional Chinese medicine Hebei University No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District Baoding 071002 P. R. China
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105
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Martineau-Côté D, Achouri A, Wanasundara J, Karboune S, L’Hocine L. Health Beneficial Bioactivities of Faba Bean Gastrointestinal (In Vitro) Digestate in Comparison to Soybean and Pea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9210. [PMID: 36012479 PMCID: PMC9409335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Faba beans are a promising emerging plant-based protein source to be used as a quality alternative to peas and soy. In this study, the potential health beneficial activities of three Canadian faba bean varieties (Fabelle, Malik and Snowbird) were investigated after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and compared to two commonly used legumes (peas and soy). The results revealed that the faba beans had a higher antioxidant activity than peas when assessed with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, except for the Fabelle variety. In the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the iron chelating assays, the faba beans had a lower antioxidant activity than soy. Interestingly, Fabelle and Snowbird showed a higher antioxidant effect than the peas and soy at the cellular level. The antihypertensive properties of Fabelle and Malik varieties were significantly higher than peas but lower than soy. The in vitro antidiabetic activity was higher for soy, but no differences were found at the cellular level. The faba bean peptides were further fractionated and sequenced by mass spectrometry. Eleven peptides with in silico predicted bioactivities were successfully identified in the faba bean digestate and support validating the health-promoting properties of peptides. The results demonstrate the bioactive potential of faba beans as a health-promoting food ingredient against non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Martineau-Côté
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Janitha Wanasundara
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Lamia L’Hocine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
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106
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El-Hawy AS, Abdel-Rahman HG, El-Bassiony MF, Anwar A, Hassan MA, Elnabtiti AAS, Abdelrazek HMA, Kamel S. Immunostimulatory effects of Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation on Barki rams growth performance, antioxidant assay, and immunological status. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:314. [PMID: 35971171 PMCID: PMC9377079 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural feed supplements are gaining popularity in the animal production sector due to their safety and potential immunostimulatory properties, as well as the ban of some antibiotics and their negative residual effects. This study was carried out for 1 month to investigate the effect of Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation on growth performance and cell-mediated immunological status of rams assessed by leukogram assessment, lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin assay after lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) including interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 12 (IL12), and gamma interferon (γ-IF), as well as Comet assay (% of DNA damage, tail length (px), % DNA in tail, tail moment and Olive tail moment). METHODS Eighteen Barki rams (26.21 ± 0.64 kg) were divided into 3 equal treatment groups (6 sheep/each), G1: animals served as the control group that was fed the basal diet only, while the other treated groups (G2 and G3 (Nan 1.5% and Nan 3%) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.5% and 3% N. oculata (dry matter basis), respectively. RESULTS The obtained results revealed that G3 showed a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in performance (body weight and body weight gain), the highest significant count (P < 0.05) in lymphocytes, and the lowest significant (P < 0.05) levels of neutrophils and neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio (N/L) ratio. Meanwhile, both levels of N. oculata significantly (P < 0.05) decreased MDA and increased TAC than control which seemed to be directly correlated with supplemented dose. There was a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in the lymphocyte transformation assay produced significant (P < 0.05) high cytokines (IL6, γ-IF, IL12, and TNF-α) and the lowest significant (P <0.05) percent of DNA damage. The conducted principal component analysis estimated the inter-relationship between parameters and revealed that microalgae correlated strongly with cytokine assay and TAC, and negatively with Comet assay parameters; MDA, and neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS It can be noted that dietary addition of N. oculata 3% increased sheep's performance while also producing significant-high cytokines. It also enhanced sheep immunology by considerably enhancing lymphocyte transformation ability. The antioxidant activity of Nannochloropsis appears to influence these findings. It was proposed that the Barki rams' basal diet be supplemented with 3% N. oculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S El-Hawy
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy G Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - M F El-Bassiony
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Anwar
- Immunology and Immunopharmacology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - A A S Elnabtiti
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Samar Kamel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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107
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Wang H, Ma JX, Zhou M, Si J, Cui BK. Current advances and potential trends of the polysaccharides derived from medicinal mushrooms sanghuang. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:965934. [PMID: 35992671 PMCID: PMC9382022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, sanghuang is distinctive as a general designation for a group of precious and rare Chinese medicinal mushrooms. Numerous investigations have revealed that polysaccharide is one of the important biological active ingredients of sanghuang with various excellent biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and anti-microbial functionalities. For the past two decades, preparation, structural characterization, and reliable bioactivities of the polysaccharides from fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia, and fermentation broth of sanghuang have been arousing extensive interest, and particularly, different strains, sources, and isolation protocols might result in obvious discrepancies in structural features and bioactivities. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent reports on preparation strategies, structural features, bioactivities, and structure-activity relationships of sanghuang polysaccharides, which will enrich the knowledge on the values of natural sanghuang polysaccharides and support their further development and utilization as therapeutic agents, vaccines, and functional foods in tonic and clinical treatment.
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108
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Chiang JH, Hua XY, Yu AHM, Peh EWY, See E, Jeyakumar Henry C. A Review on Buckwheat and Its Hypoglycemic Bioactive Components in Food Systems. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2103706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong Chiang
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Hua
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ashley Hui Min Yu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Elaine Wan Yi Peh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - E’Ein See
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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109
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Structure and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Poria cocos extracted by deep eutectic solvent. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:475-486. [PMID: 35840804 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos, a famous traditional Chinese medicine and a well-known food or food supplement, has shown therapeutic potential against cancer and the uneasiness of the mind. In addition, polysaccharides (PCPs) in this fungus were found to be various bioactive. In this work, one such PCP, PCP-1, extracted by deep eutectic solvent (DES) and separated using Sephadex G-15 columns, was characterized using GC-MS, HPGPC, FT-IR, and NMR, while also tested for physicochemical properties. Results indicated that PCP-1 contained 96.89 ± 3.21% total sugars and was a glucan with molecular weight of 3.2 kD. The main glycosidic linkage was 1,3-linked Glcp with 96.82 mol% content and a triple helix structure, and β-D-Glcp-(1 → linkage connected to the main chain through an O-6 atom was the backbone structure. In terms of the physicochemical property, PCP-1 was soluble in water, but not in organic solvent, and processed a relative high water-holding capacity (8.64 ± 0.14 g/g) and low oil-holding capacity (2.52 ± 0.21 g/g). In addition, in vitro, PCP-1 was found to have the ability of scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl free radical, superoxide anion radical and reducing ferric at different levels. This research would be useful for the further application of PCP-1.
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Figueroa FA, Abdala-Díaz RT, Pérez C, Casas-Arrojo V, Nesic A, Tapia C, Durán C, Valdes O, Parra C, Bravo-Arrepol G, Soto L, Becerra J, Cabrera-Barjas G. Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae Codium bernabei: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070458. [PMID: 35877751 PMCID: PMC9317217 DOI: 10.3390/md20070458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Codium bernabei is a green alga that grows on Chilean coasts. The composition of its structural polysaccharides is still unknown. Hence, the aim of this work is to isolate and characterize the hot water extracted polysaccharide fractions. For this purpose, the water extracts were further precipitated in alcohol (TPs) and acid media (APs), respectively. Both fractions were characterized using different physicochemical techniques such as GC-MS, GPC, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. It is confirmed that the extracted fractions are mainly made of sulfated galactan unit, with a degree of sulfation of 19.3% (TPs) and 17.4% (ATs) and a protein content of 3.5% in APs and 15.6% in TPs. Other neutral sugars such as xylose, glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose, and arabinose were found in a molar ratio (0.05:0.6:1.0:0.02:0.14:0.11) for TPs and (0.05:0.31:1.0:0.03:0.1:0.13) for ATs. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide samples was lower than 20 kDa. Both polysaccharides were thermally stable (Tonset > 190 °C) and showed antioxidant activity according to the ABTS•+ and DPPH tests, where TPs fractions had higher scavenging activity (35%) compared to the APs fractions. The PT and APTTS assays were used to measure the anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharide fractions. In general, the PT activity of the TPs and APs was not different from normal plasma values. The exception was the TPs treatment at 1000 µg mL−1 concentration. The APTTS test revealed that clotting time for both polysaccharides was prolonged regarding normal values at 1000 µg mL−1. Finally, the antitumor test in colorectal carcinoma (HTC-116) cell line, breast cancer (MCF-7) and human leukemia (HL-60) cell lines showed the cytotoxic effect of TPs and APs. Those results suggest the potential biotechnological application of sulfate galactan polysaccharides isolated from a Chilean marine resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A. Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (F.A.F.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (L.S.); (J.B.)
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Avda. Cordillera No. 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 4191996, Chile;
| | - Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.T.A.-D.); (G.C.-B.)
| | - Claudia Pérez
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (F.A.F.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (L.S.); (J.B.)
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Avda. Cordillera No. 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 4191996, Chile;
| | - Virginia Casas-Arrojo
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Aleksandra Nesic
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (F.A.F.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (L.S.); (J.B.)
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 12–14 Mike Petrovića Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cecilia Tapia
- Laboratorio de Especialidad Clínica Dávila-OMESA, Recoleta 464, Recoleta, Santiago 8431657, Chile; (C.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Carla Durán
- Laboratorio de Especialidad Clínica Dávila-OMESA, Recoleta 464, Recoleta, Santiago 8431657, Chile; (C.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Oscar Valdes
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480005, Chile;
| | - Carolina Parra
- Laboratorio de Recursos Renovables, Centro de Biotecnología, Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Gastón Bravo-Arrepol
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Avda. Cordillera No. 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 4191996, Chile;
| | - Luis Soto
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (F.A.F.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (L.S.); (J.B.)
| | - José Becerra
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (F.A.F.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (L.S.); (J.B.)
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Avda. Cordillera No. 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 4191996, Chile;
| | - Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Avda. Cordillera No. 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 4191996, Chile;
- Centro Nacional de Excelencia Para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados, Edificio Laboratorio (CIPA), Avda. Collao 1202, Concepción 4051381, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.T.A.-D.); (G.C.-B.)
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111
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Gong R, Cao W, Huang H, Yu B, Chen H, Tao W, Luorong Q, Luo J, Zhang D. Antitumor Potential and Structure Characterization of Polysaccharides From Lagotis brevituba Maxim in the Tibetan Plateau. Front Nutr 2022; 9:921892. [PMID: 35903443 PMCID: PMC9320327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study purified two polysaccharides (LBMPs) from Lagotis brevituba Maxim in several steps. The chemical structure of LBMP-2 was determined by HPGPC, FT-IR, IC, 1H and 13C NMR, AFM, SEM, and TEM. The results show that LBMP-2 was mainly composed of GalA, and the Mw of LBMP-2 is 23.799 kDa. In addition, the antioxidant activity, and the antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo were studied. LBMP-2 has excellent antioxidant and antitumor capacity. The inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in vitro may result in the inhibition of aerobic respiration and glycolysis. Tumor growth inhibition in vivo may inhibit the expression of AMPK in tumors and enhance spleen function. Compared with conventional chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide, LBMP-2 is less harmful to the body and safer. Therefore, LBMP-2 provides a potential source of antitumor drugs.
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112
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Yang Y, Yin X, Zhang D, Zhang B, Lu J, Wang X. Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant, and Immunostimulatory Activities of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Raspberry Pulp. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144385. [PMID: 35889258 PMCID: PMC9318036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extraction and characterization of new bioactive plant-derived polysaccharides with the potential for use as functional foods and medicine have attracted much attention. In the present study, A novel acidic polysaccharide (RPP-3a) with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 88,997 Da was isolated from the raspberry pulp. RPP-3a was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 13.1:28.6:16.8:1.4:6.2:33.9. Structural analysis suggested that the RPP-3a backbone was composed of repeating units of →4)-β-Galp-(1→3,4)-α-Rhap-(1→[4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→]n with branches at the C-4 position of rhamnose. The side chain of RPP-3a, containing two branch levels, was comprised of α-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-Glcp-(1→, and →2,6)-α-Manp-1→ residues. RPP-3a exhibited moderate reducing power and strong hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging abilities. RPP-3a significantly promoted the viability of RAW264.7 macrophages by increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) at both the expression and transcriptional levels. In summary, the immunostimulatory and antioxidant activities make RPP-3a a viable candidate as a health-beneficial functional dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Yang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xingxing Yin
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Dejun Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuehong Wang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (B.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
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Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics of a Novel Hyaluronic Acid Lyase from Citrobacter freundii. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131989. [PMID: 35804804 PMCID: PMC9265501 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative strain of Citrobacter freundii, YNLX, has the ability to degrade hyaluronic acid. In this study, we expressed a C. freundii hyaluronic acid lyase, from polysaccharide lyase family 8, in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme (rHynACF8) showed a substantially higher cleavage activity of hyaluronic acid than chondroitin sulfate. We found that its optimal pH and temperature are 5.5 and 35 °C, respectively. In addition, the enzyme activity was not notably affected by most metal ions. Km and kcat of rHynACF8 towards HA were 1.5 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 30.9 ± 0.5 /s, respectively. rHynACF8 is an endo-acting enzyme. Its cleavage products had dramatically increased antioxidant activity than hyaluronic acid in vitro (p < 0.001). As the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid decreased, the intramolecular interactions among antioxidant functional groups were removed; in the process of the cracking reaction, new double bonds formed and conjugated with the carbonyl group. We presumed that the structural change is the critical factor influencing antioxidant capacity. Overall, we found that rHynACF8 from Gram-negative bacteria with metal ion resistance, indicated the relationship between the function and structure of its antioxidant cleavage product.
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114
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Qiu Z, Qiao Y, Zhang B, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zheng Z. Bioactive polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from garlic (Allium sativum L.): Production, physicochemical and biological properties, and structure-function relationships. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3033-3095. [PMID: 35765769 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is a common food, and many of its biological functions are attributed to its components including functional carbohydrates. Garlic polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as main components are understudied but have future value due to the growing demand for bioactive polysaccharides/oligosaccharides from natural sources. Garlic polysaccharides have molecular weights of 1 × 103 to 2 × 106 Da, containing small amounts of pectins and fructooligosaccharides and large amounts of inulin-type fructans ((2→1)-linked β-d-Fruf backbones alone or with attached (2→6)-linked β-d-Fruf branched chains). This article provides a detailed review of research progress and identifies knowledge gaps in extraction, production, composition, molecular characteristics, structural features, physicochemical properties, bioactivities, and structure-function relationships of garlic polysaccharides/oligosaccharides. Whether the extraction processes, synthesis approaches, and modification methods established for other non-garlic polysaccharides are also effective for garlic polysaccharides/oligosaccharides (to preserve their desired molecular structures and bioactivities) requires verification. The metabolic processes of ingested garlic polysaccharides/oligosaccharides (as food ingredients/dietary supplements), their modes of action in healthy humans or populations with chronic conditions, and molecular/chain organization-bioactivity relationships remain unclear. Future research directions related to garlic polysaccharides/oligosaccharides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yiteng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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115
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Aleixandre A, Gisbert M, Sineiro J, Moreira R, Rosell CM. In vitro inhibition of starch digestive enzymes by ultrasound-assisted extracted polyphenols from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweeds. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2405-2416. [PMID: 35590486 PMCID: PMC9324812 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are gaining importance due to their antidiabetic characteristics. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of aqueous Ascophyllum nodosum extracts, obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction with different sonication powers (70-90 W/cm2 ) and subjected to resin purification, against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Different inhibition methodologies were carried out, preincubating the extract either with the enzyme or the substrate. Chemical characterization, in terms of proximate analysis, antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate [DPPH] and FRAP), and polyphenols characteristics (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [RP-HPLC] and 1 H-NMR) were carried out to explain inhibitory activities of extracts. Sonication power did not influence the proximal composition nor antiradical activity of extracts, but increasing sonication power increased inhibition capacity (>15%) against both starch digestive enzymes. The extract purification largely improved the inhibition efficiency decreasing the IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by 3.0 and 6.1 times, respectively. Seaweed extracts showed greater inhibition effect when they were preincubated with the enzyme instead of the substrate. RP-HPLC together with 1 H-NMR spectra allowed relating the presence of uronic acids-polyphenols complexes and quinones in the extracts with the different inhibitory capacities of samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The study confirms that ultrasound-assisted extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum can be used to inhibit digestive enzymes. This opens the alternative to be used in foods for modulating glycemic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aleixandre
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA‐CSIC)PaternaSpain
| | - Mauro Gisbert
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Jorge Sineiro
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Ramón Moreira
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Cristina M. Rosell
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA‐CSIC)PaternaSpain
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
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El-Banna MA, Hendawy OM, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Efficacy of ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles against Ehrlich solid tumor growth in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43814-43825. [PMID: 35118592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are fairly common and face many clinical difficulties since they are hardly surgically resectable and broadly do not respond to radiation and chemotherapy. The current study aimed to fabricate ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles (Rg3-NPs) and evaluate their antitumor effect against Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) in mice. Rg3-NPs were fabricated using whey protein isolates (WPI), maltodextrin (MD), and gum Arabic (GA). EST was developed by the injection of mice with Ehrlich ascites cells (2.5 × 106). The mice were divided into a control group, EST group, and the EST groups that were treated orally 2 weeks for with normal Rg3 (3 mg/kg b.w.), Rg3-NPs at a low dose (3 mg/kg b.w.), and Rg3-NPs at a high dose (6 mg/kg b.w.). Serum and solid tumors were collected for different assays. The results revealed that synthesized Rg3-NPs showed a spherical shape with an average particle size of 20 nm and zeta potential of -5.58 mV. The in vivo study revealed that EST mice showed a significant increase in AFP, Casp3, TNF-α, MMP-9, VEGF, MDA, and DNA damage accompanied by a significant decrease in SOD and GPx. Treatment with Rg3 or Rg3-NPs decreased the tumor weight and size and induced a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters. Rg3-NPs were more effective than Rg3, and the improvement was dose-dependent. It could be concluded that fabrication of Rg3-NPs enhanced the protective effect against EST development which may be due to the synergistic effect of Rg3 and MD, GA, and WPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A El-Banna
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia M Hendawy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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117
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Irahal IN, Guenaou I, Lahlou FA, Hmimid F, Bourhim N. Syzygium aromaticum bud (clove) essential oil is a novel and safe aldose reductase inhibitor: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo evidence. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:229-240. [PMID: 35212917 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of clove essential oil (CEO) and to elucidate its mode of action, using selected biochemical targets, relevant to diabetes, and, specifically, its inhibitory effect on the polyol pathway. METHODS In the current study, CEO was examined for its inhibitory effects on aldose reductase in silico, in vitro, and in vivo, as well as its antioxidative activity. RESULTS In silico docking studies showed that all the selected major compounds of CEO have an energy change ranging between - 5.5 and - 8.8 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant ranging between 357.08 nM and 93.12 µM. CEO significantly inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 value of 58.55 ± 5.84 µg/mL in a noncompetitive manner. The supplementation of CEO at 20 mg/kg BW decreases retinal sorbitol dehydrogenase activity via decreased aldose reductase activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. Moreover, diabetic rats injected with CEO have exhibited improved levels of glycemia. The IC50 values for ABTS, hydroxyl, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities of CEO were found to be 34.42, 277.4, and 39.99 µg/mL, respectively. Reducing power assay and phosphomolybdate assay exhibited a reduction force with the A0.5 values of 50.25 and 140.16 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION CEO potentially exerts a beneficial effect on diabetes-related complications due to its antioxidant and inhibitory effect on aldose reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Nait Irahal
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ismail Guenaou
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Azzahra Lahlou
- Laboratoire National De Référence, Université Mohammed VI Des Sciences De La Santé Faculté De Médecine, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fouzia Hmimid
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
- Biotechnologie, Environnement Et Santé, Faculté Des Sciences El Jadida, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Bourhim
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco.
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118
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Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060362. [PMID: 35736165 PMCID: PMC9227170 DOI: 10.3390/md20060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission dysfunction. Neuroprotective compounds are essential in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the neurodegeneration mechanisms and the compounds (proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, phenolic compounds, among others) present in seaweeds that have shown in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective activity. Additionally, it will cover the recent findings on the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from macroalgae, with a focus on their biological potential and possible mechanism of action, including microbiota modulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and bioavailability will be discussed. Moreover, the clinical trials using seaweed-based drugs or extracts to treat neurodegenerative disorders will be presented, showing the real potential and limitations that a specific metabolite or extract may have as a new therapeutic agent considering the recent approval of a seaweed-based drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
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119
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Murtazina A, Ruiz Alcala G, Jimenez-Martinez Y, Marchal JA, Tarabayeva A, Bitanova E, McDougall G, Bishimbayeva N, Boulaiz H. Anti-Cancerous Potential of Polysaccharides Derived from Wheat Cell Culture. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051100. [PMID: 35631686 PMCID: PMC9147229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a global need to discover effective anti-cancerous compounds from natural sources. Cultivated wheat cells can be a valuable source of non-toxic or low toxic plant-derived polysaccharides. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer ability of seven fractions of wheat cell culture polysaccharides (WCCPSs) in the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line. Almost all (6/7) fractions had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and two fractions (A-b and A-f) had considerable therapeutic indexes. The WCCPS fractions induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and induced different rates of apoptosis (≤48%). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that WCCPS fractions caused apoptotic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including damage to mitochondria and external morphological signs of apoptosis. In addition, the WCCPSs induced an increase in the levels of Bax, cytochrome c, and caspases 8 and 3, indicating that cell death progressed through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Furthermore, some fractions caused a significant decrease of c-Myc, b-catenin, NFkB2, and HCAM (CD 44) levels, indicating enhanced cell differentiation. Thus, for the first time, our results provide a proof of concept of the anti-cancer capacity of WCCPS fractions in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alima Murtazina
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain or (A.M.); (G.R.A.); (Y.J.-M.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of General Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Asfendyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty A35B8H9, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (E.B.)
- Research Center “Bioscience Technologies”, Almaty A15G7B0, Kazakhstan
| | - Gloria Ruiz Alcala
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain or (A.M.); (G.R.A.); (Y.J.-M.); (J.A.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Yaiza Jimenez-Martinez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain or (A.M.); (G.R.A.); (Y.J.-M.); (J.A.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain or (A.M.); (G.R.A.); (Y.J.-M.); (J.A.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Anel Tarabayeva
- Department of General Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Asfendyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty A35B8H9, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Elmira Bitanova
- Department of General Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Asfendyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty A35B8H9, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Gordon McDougall
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Nazira Bishimbayeva
- Research Center “Bioscience Technologies”, Almaty A15G7B0, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty A15E3B4, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: or (N.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain or (A.M.); (G.R.A.); (Y.J.-M.); (J.A.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: or (N.B.); (H.B.)
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Gao T, Hu W, Zhang Z, Tang Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yuan S, Chen T, Huang Y, Feng S, Zhou L, Ding C, Yuan M. An acidic polysaccharide from Oxalis corniculata L. and the preliminary study on its antioxidant activity. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14235. [PMID: 35579221 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the aqueous extract from Oxalis corniculate has excellent pharmacological effects, but its polysaccharide as the major ingredient in the aqueous extract has not been reported. When the temperature of 50°C, ultrasonic power of 270 W, time of 25 min, solid to liquid ratio of 30 ml·g-1 , the optimal O. corniculate polysaccharide (OCP) yield was 9.45%. The physicochemical properties indicated that OCP-3, as the major fraction of OCP, was an acidic polysaccharide with 31.5 kDa, and it mainly consisted of arabinose (47.83%), galacturonic acid (17.81%), and galactose (14.25%). In addition, OCP-3 displayed an excellent antioxidant activity in vitro, including scavenging free radical, anti-lipid peroxidation, and protecting plasmid DNA from oxidative damage. Meanwhile, OCP-3 significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl by significantly increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which protected the HEK 293 cell and Caenorhabditis elegans from oxidative damage. All the results suggested that OCP-3 might be the major active ingredient of the aqueous extract from O. corniculate, and OCP-3 might be a potent antioxidant supplement in the food, cosmetics, and medical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oxalis corniculate is a kind of wild vegetable and ethnomedicine, and it is widely distributed in temperate zones. Unfortunately, its utilization rate is low compared to its yield. Our research suggested that the polysaccharide of OCP-3 from O corniculate might be used as a potent antioxidant supplement in the food, cosmetics, and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Weichao Hu
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yanger Chen
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shiling Feng
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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121
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Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Okra Leaf Polysaccharides Extracted at Different pHs. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different extraction pH values obtain polysaccharides with tailored structures and novel functionalities. This study investigated the influence of different extraction pH values (4.2, 6.8, and 9.2) on the physicochemical compositions and structural and functional properties of okra leaf polysaccharides (OLPs). The extraction yield (2.74–7.34%), molecular weights (68.5–85.4 kDa), total sugar contents (64.87–95.68%), degree of acetylation (18.28–22.88%), and methylation (8.97–15.20%) of OLPs varied significantly (p < 0.05). The monosaccharide composition reflected OLPs as pectic polysaccharides, with varied compositions of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose. However, the differences in their sugar molar ratios, such as their side-chain and backbone chain compositions, greatly affected their functional properties. Additionally, notable differences due to extraction pH were observed in physical properties, thermal stability, and crystallinity. However, FTIR and NMR spectra revealed that extraction pH had negligible effects on the primary structure of OLPs. All OLPs showed non-Newtonian fluid behavior in the aqueous system with different apparent viscosities correlating with their molecular weights. Furthermore, the OLPs fractions stabilized oil-in-water emulsions differently and had distinct radical scavenging activities related to their compositions. This study provides a basis for selecting appropriate extraction pH to prepare OLPs with specific characteristics and applications in food-related disciplines.
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122
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Batinic P. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity and determination of total phenolic and flavonoids contents of ethanol-water extracts of Paeonia lactiflora and Calendula officinalis L. petals. FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr0-36381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the petals collected from peony hybrid Paeonia lactiflora "Bowl of beauty" and Calendula officinalis L. were extracted using ethanol-water mixture assisted with microwave and ultrasonic treatment. The isolation of Calendula officinalis L. essential oil was done by hydrodistillation as well. The total phenolic and flavonoids content in the extracts and oil were determined and their antioxidant activity was evaluated. The highest total phenolic content was found for the extracts of hybrid Paeonia lactiflora and Calendula officinalis L. obtained by ultrasound extraction (9.73 and 10.03 mg GA/mL RE, respectively), while the highest flavonoid content was obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (14.45 and 6.02 mg QE/mL RE, respectively). Antioxidant activity was assessed using standard antioxidant in vitro DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained in DPPH• and ABTS•+ assay for the microwave-assisted extraction of hybrid Paeonia lactiflora (79% and 83%) and ultrasound-assisted extraction of Calendula officinalis L. (45% and 49%), respectively. In order to improve the antioxidative activity of both extract and essential oil the pectin films with gallic acid, using enzymatically assisted catalysis to attain covalent bonding to a carrier, were prepared. Optical microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used for the characterization of obtained materials. The films, with essential oil of Calendula officinalis L. and gallic acid, showed significantly increased percentage inhibition in DPPH• and ABTS•+ test (91% and 95%, respectively) after 10 minutes. The results, also, showed that all formulations of pectin biopolymer film, modified with gallic acid, can be successfully applied as a carrier for both types of ingredients.
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Khalil MA, Sonbol FI, Al-Madboly LA, Aboshady TA, Alqurashi AS, Ali SS. Exploring the Therapeutic Potentials of Exopolysaccharides Derived From Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria: Antioxidant, Antitumor, and Periodontal Regeneration. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:803688. [PMID: 35547125 PMCID: PMC9082500 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolites of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria (Bb) have recently received a lot of attention due to their ability to protect interactions in blood and tissues, as well as their biodegradability and biocompatibility in human tissue. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) derived from bacteria have a long history of use in therapeutic and other industrial applications with no adverse effects. In this regard, EPSs were isolated and characterized from LAB and Bb culture supernatants to determine their antioxidant, antitumor, and periodontal regeneration properties. The antioxidant capacity of the EPSs varied with concentration (0.625-20 mg/ml). The highest antioxidant activity was found in LAB: Streptococcus thermophiles DSM 24731-EPS1, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus DSM 20081T-EPS5, Limosilactobacillus fermentum DSM 20049-EPS6, and Bb; Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum DSM 200707-EPS10. Human breast cancer cells (MCF7), human colon cancer cells (CaCo2), human liver cancer cells (HepG2), and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells were used as controls to assess the antitumor properties of the selected EPSs. According to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay, EPS5 had the highest cytotoxicity against MCF7, CaCo2, and HepG2, with IC50 values of 7.91, 10.69, and 9.12 mg/ml, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly higher in cell lines treated with EPS5-IC50 values compared to other EPSs-IC50 values (p < 0.05). Real time (RT)-PCR results showed that EPS5 treatment increased Bax, Caspase 8, Caspase 3, and p53 gene expression. The expression of the BCL2, MCL1, and Vimentin genes, on the other hand, was reduced. The MTT test was used to examine the effect of EPS5 on the viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (hPDLFCs), and it was discovered that EPS5 increased hPDLFC viability. According to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, galactose made up 12.5% of EPS5. The findings of this study pave the way for the use of EPS, which hold great promise for a variety of therapeutic purposes such as antioxidant, antitumor, and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Khalil
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma I. Sonbol
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A. Al-Madboly
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tamer A. Aboshady
- Periodontology, Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S. Alqurashi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh S. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Structural characterization and biological activities of a new polysaccharide isolated from Morchella Sextelata. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:369-380. [PMID: 35416638 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Morchella is the famous medicinal fungi in the ascomycetes. In this study, a new water-soluble polysaccharide (MSP-3-1) with an average molecular weight of 2.35 × 107 Da was extracted and purified from fruiting bodies of cultivated M. Sextelata. The structural characterization and biological activities of purified polysaccharide was further investigated. The results indicated that MSP-3-1 was mainly a α-glucan, mainly consisting of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) in a ratio of 5.10: 91.39: 3.51. Its surface morphology exhibited irregular lamellar structures with small voids. And the particle size analysis showed that MSP-3-1 was the homogeneous nanoparticle in water solution. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity analysis showed that MSP-3-1 possessed certain scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Immunological tests suggested that MSP-3-1 could significantly promote the proliferation, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production of macrophage RAW264.7. Thus, our results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Morchella Sextelata polysaccharides as an immunmodulatory component in functional foods.
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125
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Faba Bean: An Untapped Source of Quality Plant Proteins and Bioactives. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081541. [PMID: 35458103 PMCID: PMC9025908 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Faba beans are emerging as sustainable quality plant protein sources, with the potential to help meet the growing global demand for more nutritious and healthy foods. The faba bean, in addition to its high protein content and well-balanced amino acid profile, contains bioactive constituents with health-enhancing properties, including bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, GABA, and L-DOPA. Faba bean peptides released after gastrointestinal digestion have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects, indicating a strong potential for this legume crop to be used as a functional food to help face the increasing incidences of non-communicable diseases. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current body of knowledge on the nutritional and biofunctional qualities of faba beans, with a particular focus on protein-derived bioactive peptides and how they are affected by food processing. It further covers the adverse health effects of faba beans associated with the presence of anti-nutrients and potential allergens, and it outlines research gaps and needs.
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Yang B, Luo Y, Sang Y, Kan J. Isolation, purification, structural characterization, and hypoglycemic activity assessment of polysaccharides from Hovenia dulcis (Guai Zao). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:1106-1115. [PMID: 35378159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis polysaccharides (HDPs) have a variety of important biological activities associated with potential applications in food engineering, pharmacy science, and health care. Herein, we isolated and purified polysaccharides from H. dulcis. Chemical composition analysis revealed that the purified polysaccharides (HDPs-2A) were composed of different molar ratios of mannose, Rha, GalA, GlcA, Glc, Gal, and Ara and had a molecular weight of 372.91 kDa. The structure of HDPs-2A was assessed by FT-IR, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, and NMR, allowing us to determine that the backbone of HDPs-2A is composed primarily of →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, T-β-D-Galp, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and T-α-D-Glcp. The results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that HDPs-2A present an irregular polymer particle morphology in water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that HDPs-2A have a single crystal structure. Finally, we demonstrated that HDPs-2A have a good therapeutic effect on a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, Baoding, Hebei 071001, PR China.
| | - Yuxin Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, Baoding, Hebei 071001, PR China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Zhang Y, You S, Wang D, Zhao D, Zhang J, An Q, Li M, Wang C. Fermented Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides protect UVA-induced photoaging of human skin fibroblasts. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1275-1288. [PMID: 35432966 PMCID: PMC9007291 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), gel permeation chromatograph‐liquid chromatography (GPC‐LC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the molecular characteristics of fermented Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (FDOP) by Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus. The characteristic structural peak of FDOP was more prominent, showing a smaller molecular structure, and its porous structure showed better water solubility. The protective effect of FDOP on the damage of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation was investigated by evaluating its antioxidative and antiaging indices. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of HSF was improved, and the breakdown of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid was reduced, thus providing effective protection to the skin tissue. The antioxidative property of FDOP was explored using Nf‐E2‐related factor 2‐small interfering RNA‐3 (Nrf2‐siRNA‐3) (Nrf2‐si3) and qRT‐PCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), and the antiaging property of FDOP was explored using Western Blot and qRT‐PCR. The results show that FDOP can up‐regulate signal transduction of the Nrf2/Keap1 (Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smads pathways to reduce antioxidative damage and antiaging effects. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for FDOP as a novel functional agent that can be used in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd. Kunming China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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128
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Ji X, Guo J, Pan F, Kuang F, Chen H, Guo X, Liu Y. Structural Elucidation and Antioxidant Activities of a Neutral Polysaccharide From Arecanut (Areca catechu L.). Front Nutr 2022; 9:853115. [PMID: 35340550 PMCID: PMC8948432 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.853115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel neutral polysaccharide designated as PAP1b was isolated from Areca catechu L. by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and column chromatography. PAP1b was mainly composed of mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose in a ratio of 4.1:3.3:0.9:1.7, with an average molecular weight of 37.3 kDa. Structural characterization indicated that the backbone of PAP1b appeared to be composed mainly of → 6-β-Manp-(1 →, → 4)-α-Galp-(1 → and → 3,6)-β-Manp-(1 →) residues with some branches, and terminal of (1 →)-linked-β-Manp residues. The results of bioactivity experiments showed that PAP1b had antioxidant in vitro, esspecially on scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, the polysaccharide from Areca catechu L. could be used as a potential antioxidant in functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Ji
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhang Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feibing Pan
- Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Fengjun Kuang
- Hainan Kouweiwang Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Wanning, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xudan Guo
- Basic Medical College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Hebei TCM Formula Preparation Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xudan Guo
| | - Yanqi Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
- Yanqi Liu
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129
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Yuan L, Qiu Z, Yang Y, Liu C, Zhang R. Preparation, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides and purified fractions from blackened jujube by an activity-oriented approach. Food Chem 2022; 385:132637. [PMID: 35278736 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the structural features and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude blackened jujube polysaccharides (BJPs) and five purified polysaccharides based on the activity-oriented approach. The crude BJPs exhibited dose-dependent radical scavenging activity and total reducing capacity, and provided excellent protective effects against H2O2-damaged HUVECs via up-regulating mitochondrial membrane potential and down-regulating intracellular reactive oxygen species. After fractionation by column chromatography, the five purified components differed in chemical composition, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition (type and relative proportion) and FTIR band (peak pattern or intensity, especially in the range of 1000.0-1200.0 cm-1), as well as protective effects against H2O2-induced HUVECs. As the most abundant and potent antioxidant component, the backbone of BJP-3 was mainly composed of →4)-α-l-GalpA (1→, →5)-α-l-Araf (1→ residues with two terminals of T-α-l-Araf (1→ and T-β-d-Galp (1→. The above results compared the structural and bioactive properties of different blackened jujube polysaccharides and highlighted their potential as antioxidants for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Rentang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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130
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Li Z, Wei Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zhang C, Wang C, Yan X. Preparation of Highly Substituted Sulfated Alfalfa Polysaccharides and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050737. [PMID: 35267371 PMCID: PMC8909867 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa polysaccharides (AP) receive wide attention in the field of medicine, because of their anti-inflammatory property. However, AP has high molecular weight and poor water solubility, resulting in low biological activity. We wanted to obtain highly bioactive alfalfa polysaccharides for further research. Herein, we successfully synthesized highly substituted sulfated alfalfa polysaccharides (SAP) via the chlorosulfonic acid (CSA)-pyridine (Pyr) method, which was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the best reaction conditions, that is, the reaction temperature, time, and ratio of CSA to Pyr being 55 °C, 2.25 h, and 1.5:1, respectively, the maximum degree of substitution of SAP can reach up to 0.724. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also confirmed the existence of sulfonic acid groups on SAP. Despite the increased average molecular weight of SAP, its water solubility is improved, which is beneficial for its biological activity. Further in vitro results showed that SAP exhibited better antioxidant activity and antibacterial ability than AP. Besides, the former can efficiently enhance the viability of oxidatively stressed intestinal epithelial cells compared with the latter. Furthermore, SAP has the potential to inhibit obesity. It is concluded that sulfation modification could improve the antioxidant, antibacterial, bovine intestinal epithelial cells’ proliferation-promoting, and the obesity inhibition abilities of AP. The improvement of AP biological activity may provide references for the utilization of plant extracts that have weaker biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yuanhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chuanjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Caixing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-514-8797-2208 (X.Y.)
| | - Xuebing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-514-8797-2208 (X.Y.)
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Chen XX, Khyeam S, Zhang ZJ, Zhang KYB. Granatin B and punicalagin from Chinese herbal medicine pomegranate peels elicit reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 97:153923. [PMID: 35026619 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks among the most common cancers. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) based first-line chemotherapy for colorectal cancer treatment often leads to chemoresistance and gastrointestinal mucositis. PURPOSE This study aimed to find potential therapeutic agents from herbal medicine with anti-colorectal cancer and anti-mucositis activities. METHODS Chinese medicine theory, network pharmacology analyses, and antioxidant activity coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses were used to identify potential bioactive compounds. HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell culture and xenograft tumor models were employed to study anti-colorectal cancer efficacy. Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 and 5-FU treated Dark Agouti rats were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory and anti-mucositis activities. Histological staining, immunofluorescence imaging, western blots, and flow cytometric analyses were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Both Chinese medicine theory and network pharmacology analyses indicated pomegranate peels as a potential anti-colorectal cancer and anti-mucositis agent. Antioxidant activity coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses revealed granatin B and punicalagin as the most potent antioxidant compounds in pomegranate peels. Granatin B and punicalagin demonstrated superior anti-colorectal cancer activities in both cell culture and xenograft tumor models. Granatin B and punicalagin also exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells and anti-mucositis activities in 5-FU-treated rats. Mechanistic studies revealed that granatin B and punicalagin induced reactive oxygen species-mediated S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Moreover, these compounds sensitized HT-29 cells to 5-FU-induced cell death and S-phase cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION We report that granatin B and punicalagin exhibit superior anti-colorectal cancer and anti-mucositis activities. To the best of our knowledge, these results are novel and suggest that utilizing phenols from herbal medicine, such as granatin B and punicalagin, to target reactive oxygen species may be an innovative therapy to treat colorectal cancer and intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sheamin Khyeam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kalin Yan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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132
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Zhu Z, Song X, Jiang Y, Yao J, Jiang Y, Li Z, Dai F. Chemical structure and antioxidant activity of a neutral polysaccharide from Asteris Radix et Rhizoma. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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133
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Wu X, Li F, Wu W. Effect of rice bran rancidity on the structure and antioxidant properties of rice bran soluble dietary fiber. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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134
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Yilmaz MT, İspirli H, Taylan O, Bilgrami AL, Dertli E. Structural and bioactive characteristics of a dextran produced by Lactobacillus kunkeei AK1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:293-302. [PMID: 35016972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, structural and techno-functional characteristics of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Lactobacillus kunkeei AK1 were determined. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated that EPS AK1 was composed of only glucose units. 1H and 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis revealed that EPS AK1 was a dextran type EPS containing 4.78% (1 → 4)-linked α-d-glucose branches. The molecular weight of EPS AK1 was determined to be 45 kDa by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis. A high level of thermal stability up to 280 °C was determined for dextran AK1 detected by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Dextran AK1 appeared as regular spheres with compact morphology and as irregular particles in the solution with no clear cross-linking between the chains of the polysaccharide observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis demonstrated that dextran AK1 had a crystalline structure. A relatively strong antioxidant activity was observed for dextran AK1 determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) tests. Finally, only a digestion ratio of 3.1% was observed for dextran AK1 following the in vitro simulated gastric digestion test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tahsin Yilmaz
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hümeyra İspirli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey.
| | - Osman Taylan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Faculty of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enes Dertli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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135
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Yilmaz MT, İspirli H, Taylan O, Taşdemir V, Sagdic O, Dertli E. Characterisation and functional roles of a highly branched dextran produced by a bee pollen isolate Leuconostoc mesenteroides BI-20. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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136
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Guo R, Zhang J, Liu X, Li X, Sun X, Kou Y, Li D, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wu Y. Pectic polysaccharides from Biluochun Tea: A comparative study in macromolecular characteristics, fine structures and radical scavenging activities in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:598-608. [PMID: 34896471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two acidic Biluochun Tea polysaccharides (BTP-A11 and BTP-A12) were investigated comparatively, which mainly consisted of Rha, Ara, Gal and GalA, possibly suggesting their pectic nature. Structurally, their galacturonan backbones composed of →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ were revealed similar, while Ara- and Gal-based branches attached to the O-2 of →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ were in distinctive types, proportions, extensibilities and branching degrees. This could lead to their different macromolecular characteristics, where BTP-A11 with higher Mw presented a more hyper-branched chain conformation and relatively higher structural flexibility/compactness, thereby resulting in a lower exclusion effect and an insufficient hydrodynamic volume. Besides, better radical scavenging activities in vitro were also determined for Gal-enriched BTP-A11, where a larger surface area containing more H-donating groups were related to its higher Mw, more hyper-branched conformation, lower DM and higher DA. Therefore, the understanding of structure-property-activity relationships was improved to some degrees for acidic Biluochun Tea polysaccharides, which could be potentially required for more applications in food, medical and cosmetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun'ai Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xujiao Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianbao Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuxing Kou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deshun Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, National R&D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, National R&D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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137
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Batinić P, Milošević M, Lukić M, Prijić Ž, Gordanić S, Filipović V, Marinković A, Bugarski B, Marković T. In vitro evaluation of antioxidative activities of the extracts of petals of Paeonia lactiflora and Calendula officinalis incorporated in the new forms of biobased carriers. FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr49-36381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the petals collected from peony hybrid Paeonia lactiflora "Bowl of Beauty" and Calendula officinalis L. were extracted using an ethanol-water mixture assisted with microwave and ultrasonic treatment. The isolation of Calendula officinalis L. essential oil was done by hydrodistillation as well. The total phenolic and flavonoids content in the extracts and oil were determined and their antioxidant activity was evaluated. The highest total phenolic content was found for the extracts of hybrid P. lactiflora and C. officinalis L. obtained by ultrasound extraction (83.16 and 114.47 mg GA/g, respectively), while the flavonoid content obtained by microwave-assisted extraction was relatively high (123.48 and 65.29 mg QE/g, respectively). The highest antioxidant activity was obtained in DPPH• and ABTS•+ assay for the microwave-assisted extraction of hybrid P. lactiflora (79% and 83%) and ultrasound-assisted extraction of C. officinalis L. (45% and 49%), respectively. To improve antioxidant activity of both types of examined analytes (extracts and essential oil), the pectin biopolymer film (as a carrier) was prepared in the process of enzymatically assisted catalysis. Optical microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used for the characterization of obtained materials. The films, with essential oil of C. officinalis L. and gallic acid, showed significantly increased percentage inhibition in DPPH• and ABTS•+ test (91% and 95%, respectively) after 10 minutes. The results, also, showed that all formulations of pectin biopolymer film, modified with gallic acid, can be successfully applied as a carrier for both types of ingredients.
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138
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Liu K, Xie L, Gu H, Luo J, Li X. Ultrasonic extraction, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides from red yeast rice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:204-217. [PMID: 35035922 PMCID: PMC8751434 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red yeast rice is consumed as a medicinal food to lower blood lipids. Besides, it is used to color food, make wine, etc. In this study, water-soluble oligosaccharides in red yeast rice were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. The parameters to extract oligosaccharides from red yeast rice were optimized by the Box-Behnken design under the following optimal extraction conditions: extraction temperature, 60°C; extraction time, 97 min; and liquid/material ratio, 25 ml/g. The structure and the antioxidant activity of the new oligosaccharide were preliminarily investigated. Total carbohydrates extracted from red yeast rice with 80% ethanol-water solution (v/v) were first removed from pigments using D101 macroporous adsorption resin. The total sugar contents were then purified by DE52 resins and Sephadex G-25 resins to obtain red yeast rice oligosaccharides, coded as RYRO1. Structural characterization experiments indicated that RYRO1 is an oligosaccharide with a weight average molecular weight of 874 Da and a theoretical degree of polymerization of 4.86. RYRO1 is composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.248:0.019:1:0.026. The ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl free radical scavenging assays showed antioxidant nature of RYRO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Long Xie
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Huan Gu
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Jia Luo
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
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139
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Mohanta B, Sen DJ, Mahanti B, Nayak AK. Antioxidant potential of herbal polysaccharides: An overview on recent researches. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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140
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TTU, Hoang QK, Nguyen HT. Improve the viability and extracellular polymeric substances bioactivity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VAL6 using the environmental adaptation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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141
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Dhahri M, Alghrably M, Mohammed HA, Badshah SL, Noreen N, Mouffouk F, Rayyan S, Qureshi KA, Mahmood D, Lachowicz JI, Jaremko M, Emwas AH. Natural Polysaccharides as Preventive and Therapeutic Horizon for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 35056897 PMCID: PMC8777698 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a serious and widespread global public health burden amongst aging populations. The total estimated worldwide global cost of dementia was US$818 billion in 2015 and has been projected to rise to 2 trillion US$ by 2030. While advances have been made to understand different neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, effective therapeutic strategies do not generally exist. Several drugs have been proposed in the last two decades for the treatment of different types of neurodegenerative diseases, with little therapeutic benefit, and often with severe adverse and side effects. Thus, the search for novel drugs with higher efficacy and fewer drawbacks is an ongoing challenge in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Several natural compounds including polysaccharides have demonstrated neuroprotective and even therapeutic effects. Natural polysaccharides are widely distributed in plants, animals, algae, bacterial and fungal species, and have received considerable attention for their wide-ranging bioactivity, including their antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, anticholinesterase and anti-amyloidogenic effects. In this review, we summarize different mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases and the neuroprotective effects of natural polysaccharides, highlighting their potential role in the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Dhahri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mawadda Alghrably
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (S.L.B.); (N.N.)
| | - Noreen Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (S.L.B.); (N.N.)
| | - Fouzi Mouffouk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Saleh Rayyan
- Chemistry Department, Birzeit University, Birzeit P627, Palestine;
| | - Kamal A. Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Danish Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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142
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Cangussu LB, Melo JC, Franca AS, Oliveira LS. Chemical Characterization of Coffee Husks, a By-Product of Coffea arabica Production. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123125. [PMID: 34945676 PMCID: PMC8700850 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee husks are a major by-product of coffee production and are currently being underutilized. The aim of this work was to chemically characterize coffee husks to allow for an adequate evaluation of their potential for valorization. Blanched and non-blanched coffee husks were characterized for extractable and non-extractable phenolics, caffeine, trigonelline content, and for their polysaccharide and proximal composition. The total, soluble and insoluble fiber contents were determined, together with the husks’ technological properties. Antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds of coffee husks were evaluated. Two types of husk were studied: one comprised mostly of outer skin and pulp (CH1); and other comprised mostly of parchment (CH2). Blanching had positive effects on non-extractable phenolics, chlorogenic acid and on the bioaccessibility of phenolics, promoting small reductions in extractable phenolics, protocathecuic acid, caffeine and trigonelline contents. Blanched CH1 presented more appropriate properties than CH2 for potential applications in food. It also presented better antioxidant, hydration, and oil holding properties than those of other agri-food by-products. Tentatively identified polysaccharides included galactomannans, arabinogalactans type II, pectin and cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais B. Cangussu
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.S.O.)
| | - Jean Carlos Melo
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.S.O.)
| | - Adriana S. Franca
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.S.O.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-3409-3512
| | - Leandro S. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.B.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.S.O.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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143
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Hu W, Song M, Wang C, Guo Z, Li Y, Wang D. Structural characterization of polysaccharide purified from Hericium erinaceus fermented mycelium and its pharmacological basis for application in Alzheimer's disease: Oxidative stress related calcium homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:358-369. [PMID: 34688684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purified polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus fermented mycelium entitled with PHEB was analyzed and it was mainly composed of six glycosidic bonds. It has been confirmed to show the relieving activity against Alzheimer's Disease (AD)- just as behaviors of B6C3-Tg (APPswePSEN1d E9)/Nju double transgenic [Genotype: (Appswe)T, (Psen1) T] (APP/PS1) mice. Six-week PHEB administration significantly improved the cognitive behavior of mice. Brain injury, amyloid beta deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation were alleviated in PHEB-treated AD mice without changes in other tissues. PHEB alleviated the oxidative stress in brains of AD mice via regulation the Nrf2 and its downstream kinase, which further improved the cholinergic system function. Proteomics and bioinformatics analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of PHEB is achieved by regulating calcium homeostasis mediated by oxidative stress. Furthermore, PHEB regulated the CaMK II/IV to achieve the calcium homeostasis in brains; and ultimately to show the anti-AD property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Minkai Song
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ziang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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144
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Contreras-Castro AI, Oidor-Chan VH, Bustamante-Camilo P, Pelayo-Zaldívar C, Díaz de León-Sánchez F, Mendoza-Espinoza JA. Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antihyperglycemic Effect of Lychee ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Brewster. J Med Food 2021; 25:61-69. [PMID: 34874786 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lychee is a fruit of Asian origin with an exquisite flavor and an attractive reddish color. However, according to recent reports, the consumption of this fruit reduces the levels of blood glucose with adverse effects on human health such as encephalopathy and hypoglycemic. The objective of this work was to determine if the peel, pulp, and seed of "Brewster" lychee fruits harvested at two stages of maturity had antihyperglycemic effect. This effect was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test using Wistar rats. In addition, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and high-resolution liquid chromatography were used to quantify phenolic compounds, flavonoids, organic acids (OAs), sugars, and antioxidant activity. Results indicated that stage I pulp (immature fruits) and stage II peel and seed (export mature fruits) reduced blood glucose levels, and the effects of the former two were synergistic with metformin. The pulp of mature fruits (stage II), however, lacked a hypoglycemic effect. Additionally, the peel and the seeds of these fruits presented a high antioxidant activity (as determined by DPPH [2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydracyl] and ABTS+ [2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid] methods), which correlated well with the total content of phenolic compounds. The highest content of polyphenolics, flavonoids, and OAs was found in the extracts of the peel and seeds of both stages of maturity. It was therefore concluded that "Brewster" mature lychees are safe for human consumption, and both the seed and the peel can be useful sources for obtaining new compounds with antihyperglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ivette Contreras-Castro
- Laboratory of Post-harvest of Plant Genetic Resources and Natural Products, Department of Health Sciences, UAM-I, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Oidor-Chan
- Laboratory of Post-harvest of Plant Genetic Resources and Natural Products, Department of Health Sciences, UAM-I, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Patricia Bustamante-Camilo
- Department of Human Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Clara Pelayo-Zaldívar
- Postharvest Physiology Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz de León-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Post-harvest of Plant Genetic Resources and Natural Products, Department of Health Sciences, UAM-I, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Mendoza-Espinoza
- Department of Human Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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145
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Brezeștean I, Bocăneală M, Gherman AMR, Porav SA, Kacsó I, Rakosy-Tican E, Dina NE. Spectroscopic investigation of exopolysaccharides purified from Arthrospira platensis cultures as potential bioresources. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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146
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Lamar RT, Monda H, Sleighter R. Use of Ore-Derived Humic Acids With Diverse Chemistries to Elucidate Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of Humic Acids in Plant Phenotypic Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758424. [PMID: 34925408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For legal reasons, the publisher has withdrawn this article from public view. For additional information, please contact the publisher.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiarhi Monda
- Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
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147
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Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and dye removal properties of mucilage isolated from Litsea quinqueflora (Dennst.) Suresh. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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148
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Piner Benli P, Kaya M, Coskun C. Fucoidan Modulated Oxidative Stress and Caspase-3 mRNA Expression Induced by Sulfoxaflor in the Brain of Mice. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1908-1919. [PMID: 34570347 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the role of fucoidan in the oxidative and apoptotic effects of sulfoxaflor, a neonicotinoid sulfoximine insecticide, in the brain of Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus). Sulfoxaflor and fucoidan were administered to mice at doses of 15 mg/kg/day (1/50 oral LD50) and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively, by oral gavage for 24 h or 7 days. The tGSH, TBARS and protein levels, and GPx, GR, and GST enzyme activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Caspase-3 gene expression level was determined by RT-PCR. Data analysis showed that brains of sulfoxaflor-treated mice exhibited higher TBARS levels; GPx, GR, and GST enzyme activities; and caspase-3 expression levels, as well as lower levels of tGSH. Co-administration of fucoidan and sulfoxaflor reduced the TBARS levels, increased tGSH levels, and increased GPx, GR, and GST enzyme activities. Fucoidan also decreased the sulfoxaflor-induced up-regulation of caspase-3 mRNA expression. Results of the present study showed that sulfoxaflor caused oxidative stress by inducing lipid peroxidation and altering GSH-dependent antioxidants in the brain of mice. In addition, sulfoxaflor may trigger apoptotic cell death shown by the up-regulation of caspase-3. Fucoidan treatment modulated all the aforementioned alterations in the brain of mice. It was concluded that fucoidan might have antioxidant effects that support the GSH-dependent antioxidant system and can play a modulator role in oxidative stress and caspase-3 expression in the brain of sulfoxaflor treated-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petek Piner Benli
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Merve Kaya
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cagil Coskun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
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Wang K, Guo J, Cheng J, Zhao X, Ma B, Yang X, Shao H. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from spent Lentinus edodes substrate: Process optimization, precipitation, structural characterization and antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:1038-1045. [PMID: 34599988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lentinus edodes is the second-most popular and cultivated mushroom worldwide due to its nutritional and health-promoting benefit. However, the mushroom production generates vast amounts of spent L. edodes substrate (SLS) that is generally discharged into the environment, posing a great challenge within mushroom by-product valorization. In this work, SLS polysaccharide (SP) was ultrasonically extracted by optimizing the process conditions with response surface methodology. Using gradient ethanol precipitation, SP was separated into SP40, SP60 and SP80, and their monosaccharide composition, structural properties, and antioxidant potential were further characterized and compared. The results showed the total polysaccharide content reached up to 37.05 ± 0.31 mg/g under the optimal conditions including an extraction temperature of 50 °C, a liquid-solid ratio of 30 mL/g and an ultrasonic power of 120 W. SP and its fractional precipitations were heteropolysaccharides sharing a similar monosaccharide composition including L-rhamnose, D-glucuronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, d-glucose and D-xylose, and a typical infrared spectrum for polysaccharide. These fractions also varied in the surface morphology, where SP80 was looser and more porous than SP40 and SP60. Furthermore, SP and SP80 displayed the strongest antioxidant activities in vitro. This study identified a novel and practical strategy to valorize SLS for valuable polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Juntong Guo
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Junxia Cheng
- Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Bohan Ma
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Hongjun Shao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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150
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Popov S, Smirnov V, Kvashninova E, Khlopin V, Vityazev F, Golovchenko V. Isolation, Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Pectic Polysaccharides of Fireweed ( Epilobium angustifolium L.). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237290. [PMID: 34885872 PMCID: PMC8658847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate pectins with antioxidant activity from the leaves of Epilobium angustifolium L. Two pectins, EA-4.0 and EA-0.8, with galacturonic acid contents of 88 and 91% were isolated from the leaves of E. angustifolium L. by the treatment of plant raw materials with aqueous hydrochloric acid at pH 4.0 and 0.8, respectively. EA-4.0 and EA-0.8 were found to scavenge the DPPH radical in a concentration-dependent manner at 17–133 μg/mL, whereas commercial apple pectin scavenged at 0.5–2 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity of EA-4.0 was the highest and exceeded the activity of EA-0.8 and a commercial apple pectin by 2 and 39 times (IC50—0.050, 0.109 and 1.961 mg/mL), respectively. Pectins EA-4.0 and EA-0.8 were found to possess superoxide radical scavenging activity, with IC50s equal to 0.27 and 0.97 mg/mL, respectively. Correlation analysis of the composition and activity of 32 polysaccharide fractions obtained by enzyme hydrolysis and anionic exchange chromatography revealed that the antioxidant capacity of fireweed pectins is mainly due to phenolics and is partially associated with xylogalacturonan chains. The data obtained demonstrate that pectic polysaccharides appeared to be bioactive components of fireweed leaves with high antioxidant activity, which depend on pH at their extraction.
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