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Chen C, Yu LT, Cheng BR, Xu JL, Cai Y, Jin JL, Feng RL, Xie L, Qu XY, Li D, Liu J, Li Y, Cui XY, Lu JJ, Zhou K, Lin Q, Wan J. Promising Therapeutic Candidate for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: What Are the Possible Mechanisms and Roles of Phytochemicals? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792592. [PMID: 35252368 PMCID: PMC8893235 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing one of the causes of most cardiomyocyte injuries and deaths. The pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury include apoptosis, autophagy, and irreversible cell death caused by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Eventually, myocardial I/R injury causes a spike of further cardiomyocyte injury that contributes to final infarct size (IS) and bound with hospitalization of heart failure as well as all-cause mortality within the following 12 months. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant intervention to improve myocardial salvage and cardiac function calls for further investigation. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in Chinese herbal medicine. Great effort has been put into phytochemicals because they are often in line with the expectations to improve myocardial I/R injury without compromising the clinical efficacy or to even produce synergy. We summarized the previous efforts, briefly outlined the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury, and focused on exploring the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of all phytochemical types that have been investigated under myocardial I/R injury. Phytochemicals deserve to be utilized as promising therapeutic candidates for further development and research on combating myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ru Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Lin
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Jie Wan
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Maiese A, Baronti A, Manetti AC, Di Paolo M, Turillazzi E, Frati P, Fineschi V. Death after the Administration of COVID-19 Vaccines Approved by EMA: Has a Causal Relationship Been Demonstrated? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020308. [PMID: 35214765 PMCID: PMC8875435 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More than eight billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally so far and 44.29% of people are fully vaccinated. Pre-authorization clinical trials were carried out and the safety of vaccines is still continuously monitored through post-commercialization surveillance. However, some people are afraid of vaccine side effects, claiming they could lead to death, and hesitate to get vaccinated. Herein, a literature review of COVID-19-vaccine-related deaths has been carried out according to the PRISMA standards to understand if there is a causal relationship between vaccination and death and to highlight the real extent of such events. There have been 55 cases of death after COVID-19 vaccination reported and a causal relationship has been excluded in 17 cases. In the remaining cases, the causal link between the vaccine and the death was not specified (8) or considered possible (15), probable (1), or very probable/demonstrated (14). The causes of deaths among these cases were: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) (32), myocarditis (3), ADEM (1), myocardial infarction (1), and rhabdomyolysis (1). In such cases, the demonstration of a causal relationship is not obvious, and more studies, especially with post-mortem investigations, are needed to deepen understanding of the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of fatal vaccine side effects. In any event, given the scarcity of fatal cases, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks and the scientific community needs to be cohesive in asserting that vaccination is fundamental to containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Arianna Baronti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Alice Chiara Manetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649912722
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103
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Carpaine Promotes Proliferation and Repair of H9c2 Cardiomyocytes after Oxidative Insults. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020230. [PMID: 35215343 PMCID: PMC8880139 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpaine has long been identified as the major alkaloid in Carica papaya leaves that possess muscle relaxant properties. Limited study on the molecular signaling properties of carpaine urges us to conduct this study that aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effect of carpaine in embryonic cardiomyocytes of the H9c2 cell line. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of carpaine was first determined using a colorimetric MTT assay to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration for the subsequent test. Using a 1 µM carpaine treatment, a significant increase in the H9c2 proliferation rate was observed following 24 and 48 h of incubation. A Western blot analysis also revealed that carpaine promotes the upregulation of the cell cycle marker proteins cyclin D1 and PCNA. Carpaine-induced H9c2 cell proliferation is mediated by the activation of the FAK-ERK1/2 and FAK-AKT signaling pathways. In the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), carpaine provided a significant protective role to recover the wounded area affected by the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Furthermore, the oxidative-stress-induced reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were attenuated by carpaine treatment. The current study revealed a novel therapeutic potential of carpaine in promoting in vitro cardiomyocyte proliferation and repair following injury.
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Lei Z, Luan F, Zhang X, Peng L, Li B, Peng X, Liu Y, Liu R, Zeng N. Piperazine ferulate protects against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat via the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu KH, Lin HY, Thomas JL, Shih YP, Yang ZY, Chen JT, Lee MH. Synthesis of Ginsenoside Rb1-imprinted magnetic polymer nanoparticles for the extraction and cellular delivery of therapeutic ginsenosides. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:621-627. [PMID: 36090682 PMCID: PMC9459059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hsi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - James L. Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yuan-Pin Shih
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhuan-Yi Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung NUK, 700, Kaohsiung University Rd, Nan-Tzu District, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, No.1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd, Dashu District, Kaohsiung City, 84001, Taiwan.
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106
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Jayawardena E, Medzikovic L, Ruffenach G, Eghbali M. Role of miRNA-1 and miRNA-21 in Acute Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Their Potential as Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031512. [PMID: 35163436 PMCID: PMC8836257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries, resulting in cardiomyocytes death. The most effective strategy for treating an MI is early and rapid myocardial reperfusion, but restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium can induce further damage, known as ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Novel therapeutic strategies are critical to limit myocardial IR injury and improve patient outcomes following reperfusion intervention. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that have been implicated in attenuating IR injury pathology in pre-clinical rodent models. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-1 and miR-21 in regulating myocardial apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the whole heart as well as in different cardiac cell types with special emphasis on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. We also examine therapeutic potential of miR-1 and miR-21 in preclinical studies. More research is necessary to understand the cell-specific molecular principles of miRNAs in cardioprotection and application to acute myocardial IR injury.
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107
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Yang D, Wang M, Hu Z, Ma Y, Shi Y, Cao X, Guo T, Cai H, Cai H. Extracorporeal Cardiac Shock Wave-Induced Exosome Derived From Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Carrying miR-140-3p Alleviate Cardiomyocyte Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:779936. [PMID: 35083214 PMCID: PMC8784835 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stem cell-derived exosomes have great potential in the treatment of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Extracorporeal cardiac shock waves (ECSW) as effective therapy, in part, could activate the function of exosomes. In this study, we explored the effect of ECSW-induced exosome derived from endothelial colony-forming cells on cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The exosomes were extracted and purified from the supernatant of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs-exo). ECFCs-exo treated with shock wave (SW-exo) or without shock wave (CON-exo) were performed with high-throughput sequencing of the miRNA. H9c2 cells were incubated with SW-exo or CON-exo after H/R injury. The cell viability, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress level, and inflammatory factor were assessed. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miRNA and mRNA in cells and exosomes. The PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting, respectively. Results: Exosomes secreted by ECFCs could be taken up by H9c2 cells. Administration of SW-exo to H9c2 cells after H/R injury could significantly improve cell viability, inhibit cell apoptosis, and downregulate oxidative stress level (p < 0.01), with an increase in Bcl-2 protein and a decrease in Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and NF-κB protein (p < 0.05). Notably, miR-140-3p was found to be highly enriched both in ECFCs and ECFCs-exo treated with ECSW (p < 0.05) and served as a critical mediator. SW-exo increased miR-140-3p expression but decreased PTEN expression in H9c2 cells with enhanced phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These cardioprotective effects of SW-exo on H/R injury were blunted by the miR-140-3p inhibitor. Dual-luciferase assay verified that miR-140-3p could directly target the 3′UTR of PTEN mRNA and exert a negative regulatory effect. Conclusion: This study has shown the potential of ECSW as an effective stimulation for the exosomes derived from ECFCs in vitro. SW-exo exerted a stronger therapeutic effect on H/R injury in H9c2 cells possibly via delivering exosomal miR-140-3p, which might be a novel promising strategy for the myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingyu Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbo Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Viswanatha GL, Shylaja H, Keni R, Nandakumar K, Rajesh S. A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the cardio‐protective activity of naringin based on pre‐clinical evidences. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1064-1092. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raghuvir Keni
- Department of Pharmacology Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Subbanna Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology Government College of Pharmacy Bangalore India
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Cardioprotective Effect of circ_SMG6 Knockdown against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Correlates with miR-138-5p-Mediated EGR1/TLR4/TRIF Inactivation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1927260. [PMID: 35126807 PMCID: PMC8813281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1927260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased neutrophil recruitment represents a hallmark event in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury due to the ensuing inflammatory response. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in cell physiology and pathology. Herein, we analyzed the role of a novel circRNA circ_SMG6 in the regulation of neutrophil recruitment following I/R injury, which may associate with the miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF axis. Myocardial I/R injury was modeled in vivo by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery followed by reperfusion in mice and in vitro by exposing a cardiomyocyte cell line (HL-1) to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of the circ_SMG6/miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF axis on cardiac functions, myocardial infarction, myocardial enzyme levels, cardiomyocyte activities, and neutrophil recruitment. We found that the EGR1 expression was increased in myocardial tissues of I/R mice. Knockdown of EGR1 was found to attenuate I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction and infarction area, pathological damage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that circ_SMG6 competitively bound to miR-138-5p and consequently led to upregulation of EGR1, thus facilitating myocardial I/R injury in mice and H/R-induced cell injury. Additionally, ectopic EGR1 expression augmented neutrophil recruitment and exacerbated the ensuing I/R injury, which was related to the activated TLR4/TRIF signaling pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that circ_SMG6 may deteriorate myocardial I/R injury by promoting neutrophil recruitment via the miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF signaling. This pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target in the management of myocardial I/R injury.
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110
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SOCS6 Promotes Mitochondrial Fission and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Is Negatively Regulated by Quaking-Mediated miR-19b. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1121323. [PMID: 35126805 PMCID: PMC8813278 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal mitochondrial fission have been implicated in the complications associated with I/R injury as cardiomyocytes are abundant in mitochondria. SOCS6 is known to participate in mitochondrial fragmentation, but its exact involvement and the pathways associated are uncertain. Methods and Results. The expression of SOCS6 was analyzed by western blot in cardiomyocytes under a hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) model. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the direct interaction between miR-19b and the 3
-UTR of Socs6. In the present study, we found that Socs6 inhibition by RNA interference attenuated H/R-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. A luciferase assay indicated that Socs6 is a direct target of miR-19b. The overexpression of miR-19b decreased mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, the presence of miR-19b reduced the level of SOCS6 and the injury caused by I/R in vivo. There were less apoptotic cells in the myocardium of mice injected with miR-19b. In addition, we found that the RNA-binding protein, Quaking (QK), participates in the regulation of miR-19b expression. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the inhibition of mitochondrial fission through downregulating Socs6 via the QK/miR-19b/Socs6 pathway attenuated the damage sustained by I/R. The QK/miR-19b/Socs6 axis plays a vital role in regulation of mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and could form the basis of future research in the development of therapies for the management of cardiac diseases.
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111
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Zhang H, Kim H, Park BW, Noh M, Kim Y, Park J, Park JH, Kim JJ, Sim WS, Ban K, Park HJ, Kwon YG. CU06-1004 enhances vascular integrity and improves cardiac remodeling by suppressing edema and inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:23-34. [PMID: 34997212 PMCID: PMC8814060 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury accelerates the cardiomyocytes (CMs) death by oxidative stress, and thereby deteriorates cardiac function. There has been a paradigm shift in the therapeutic perspective more towards the prevention or amelioration of damage caused by reperfusion. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) are more vulnerable to reperfusion injury and play the crucial roles more than CMs in the pathological process of early I/R injury. In this study, we investigate that CU06-1004, as a vascular leakage blocker, can improve cardiac function by inhibiting CMEC's hyperpermeability and subsequently reducing the neutrophil's plugging and infiltration in infarcted hearts. CU06-1004 was delivered intravenously 5 min before reperfusion and the rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) vehicle, (2) low-CU06-1004 (1 mg/kg, twice at 24 h intervals), and (3) high-CU06-1004 (5 mg/kg, once before reperfusion). CU06-1004 treatment reduced necrotic size and cardiac edema by enhancing vascular integrity, as demonstrated by the presence of intact junction proteins on CMECs and surrounding pericytes in early I/R injury. It also decreased the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) on CMECs, resulting in reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Echocardiography showed that the CU06-1004 treatment significantly improved cardiac function compared with the vehicle group. Interestingly, single high-dose treatment with CU06-1004 provided a greater functional improvement than repetitive low-dose treatment until 8 weeks post I/R. These findings demonstrate that CU06-1004 enhances vascular integrity and improves cardiac function by preventing lethal myocardial I/R injury. It can provide a promising therapeutic option, as potential adjunctive therapy to current reperfusion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea ,R&D Department, Curacle Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Woo Park
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Noh
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomyeong Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sup Sim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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112
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Chen W, Wang J, Wang X, Chang P, Liang M. Knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) interferes with angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) to attenuate high glucose-triggered hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1476-1490. [PMID: 34974813 PMCID: PMC8805963 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2019874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose (HG). The in vitro model of coronary heart disease with diabetes was that H9c2 cells were stimulated by H/R and HG. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of HIF1A and angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) in H9c2 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were, respectively, estimated by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) and TUNEL assays. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, inflammation and oxidative stress were in turn detected by their commercial assay kits. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to confirm the association between HIF1A and ANGPTL2 promoter. The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were also detected by Western blot analysis. As a result, ANGPTL2 expression was upregulated in H9c2 cells induced by HG or/and H/R. ANGPTL2 positively modulated HIF1A expression in H9c2 cells. HG or/and H/R suppressed the cell viability and promoted apoptosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels in H9c2 cells. However, the knockdown of ANGPTL2 could reverse the above phenomena in H/R-stimulated-H9c2 cells through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. HIF1A transcriptionally activated ANGPTL2 expression. The effect of knockdown of ANGPTL2 on H/R triggered-H9c2 cells was weakened by HIF1A overexpression. In conclusion, knockdown of HIF1A downregulated ANGPTL2 to alleviate H/R injury in HG-induced H9c2 cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jianbang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Pan Chang
- Experimental Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Sharma P, Liu Chung Ming C, Wang X, Bienvenu LA, Beck D, Figtree GA, Boyle A, Gentile C. Biofabrication of advanced in vitro3D models to study ischaemic and doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 34983029 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac47d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Current preclinicalin vitroandin vivomodels of cardiac injury typical of myocardial infarction (MI, or heart attack) and drug induced cardiotoxicity mimic only a few aspects of these complex scenarios. This leads to a poor translation of findings from the bench to the bedside. In this study, we biofabricated for the first time advancedin vitromodels of MI and doxorubicin (DOX) induced injury by exposing cardiac spheroids (CSs) to pathophysiological changes in oxygen (O2) levels or DOX treatment. Then, contractile function and cell death was analyzed in CSs in control versus I/R and DOX CSs. For a deeper dig into cell death analysis, 3D rendering analyses and mRNA level changes of cardiac damage-related genes were compared in control versus I/R and DOX CSs. Overall,in vitroCSs recapitulated major features typical of thein vivoMI and drug induced cardiac damages, such as adapting intracellular alterations to O2concentration changes and incubation with cardiotoxic drug, mimicking the contraction frequency and fractional shortening and changes in mRNA expression levels for genes regulating sarcomere structure, calcium transport, cell cycle, cardiac remodelling and signal transduction. Taken together, our study supports the use of I/R and DOX CSs as advancedin vitromodels to study MI and DOX-induced cardiac damage by recapitulating their complex in vivoscenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- The University of Newcastle Faculty of Health and Medicine, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, AUSTRALIA
| | - Clara Liu Chung Ming
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute South Australia, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, AUSTRALIA
| | - Laura A Bienvenu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute South Australia, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, AUSTRALIA
| | - Domink Beck
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- , The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Reserve Rd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, AUSTRALIA
| | - Andrew Boyle
- The University of Newcastle Faculty of Health and Medicine, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, AUSTRALIA
| | - Carmine Gentile
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway St, Ultimo, Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, AUSTRALIA
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Han J, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Yang S. Artemisinin relieves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulating miR-29b-3p and hemicentin 1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918966. [PMID: 36034861 PMCID: PMC9403756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the impact of artemisinin (ARS) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Myocardial I/R rat model and cell model were used in this study. The cell viability, morphological changes, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were evaluated in cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells in vitro by using cell counting kit-8, microscope, flow cytometry, and commercial kits. High throughput sequencing is used to identify molecular targets of ARS on myocardial I/R injury, and then the gene-gene interaction network was constructed. MiR-29b-3p, hemicentin 1 (HMCN1), and apoptosis-related genes were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. In the myocardial I/R rat model, echocardiography, (Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) TTC staining, Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, Masson Trichrome staining, and TUNEL staining are applied to evaluate the protective effect of ARS on the myocardial injury. Results: In vitro, we demonstrated that ARS alleviated H2O2-induced myocardial I/R injury, manifested by increased H9c2 viability, decreased pathological changes, apoptosis, and oxidative stress biomarker ROS, LDH, and CK-MB. Then, sequencing analysis revealed that miR-29b-3p/HMCN1 was the target of ARS for myocardial I/R injury. Notably, rescue experiments indicated that ARS inhibited myocardial I/R injury through targeted regulation miR-29b-3p/HMCN1. In vivo, we confirmed that ARS reduced myocardial injury, fibrosis, and apoptosis via modulation of miR-29b-3p/HMCN1. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the functional role of the ARS/miR-29b-3p/HMCN1 axis in alleviating myocardial I/R injury, which provided a new direction for myocardial I/R injury therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ziguan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhonghe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Ramli FF, Ali A, Ibrahim N'I. Molecular-Signaling Pathways of Ginsenosides Rb in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Mini Review. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:65-73. [PMID: 34975299 PMCID: PMC8692112 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.64984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury following myocardial ischemia remained a challenge for optimal treatment of myocardial infarction. Ginsenosides Rb (G-Rb), the primary components of ginsenoside, have been reported to exert cardioprotective effects via numerous mechanisms. G-Rb1 mediate cardioprotective effects via various signaling pathways, including mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HIF-1α and GRF91, RhoA, p38α MAPK, and eNOS. G-Rb2 activates the SIRT-1 pathway, while G-Rb3 promotes both JNK-mediated NF-κB and PERK/Nrf2/HMOX1. Generally, ginsenosides Rb1, 2, and 3 modulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, contributing to the improvement of structural, functional and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, G-Rb, particularly G-Rb1, have vast potential as a supplement in attenuating reperfusion injury. Translation into a clinical trial is warranted to confirm the beneficial effects of G-Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitri Fareez Ramli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Cardiovascular Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Infection and Immunology Health and Advanced Medicine Cluster, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul 'Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Cardiovascular Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Thitiwuthikiat P, Ta-uea T, Ponghan T, Meebua S, Siriwittayawan D, Nuamchit T. The protective effects of reparixin against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022; 16:20-24. [PMID: 35599941 PMCID: PMC9092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Myocardial ischemia is a lack of blood supply to myocardial tissue. Rapid reperfusion therapy is required to prevent myocardial infarction. However, ischemia and reperfusion contribute to myocardial and endothelial injury or ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). A pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) plays an important role in the activation of neutrophil accumulation and promotes endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, inhibition of IRI through the regulation of inflammation using a CXCL8 receptor inhibitor reparixin is an attractive target. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of reparixin on endothelial cell viability after IRI. Methods Human vascular endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were cultured and pretreated with reparixin at concentrations of 0-1 mg/ml. To simulate ischemia, the cells were exposed to simulated ischemia solution for 60 min. Then, the cells were given complete medium as reperfusion followed by treatment with reparixin and incubated for 24 h. Cell viability was tested using MTT assay. Results Percentages of cell viability of reparixin-treated groups of 0.0625 mg/mL (67.88 ± 7.82% control) and 0.125 mg/mL (84.28 ± 4.68% control) were significantly higher than that of the IR group (44.31 ± 4.64% control) at P < 0.05. The percentage of cell viability in the 0.125 mg/mL reparixin-treated group was not significantly different compared to the control. Conclusion Pretreatment and treatment of endothelial cells with reparixin, which is a CXCL-8 receptor inhibitor, demonstrated a protective effect on cell viability after simulated ischemia-reperfusion. However, further studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanuch Thitiwuthikiat
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Tamonlak Ta-uea
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Theeraya Ponghan
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Saranya Meebua
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Duangduan Siriwittayawan
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Teonchit Nuamchit
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand,Address for correspondence: Teonchit Nuamchit, Department of Cardio-thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. E-mail:
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Maslov LN, Popov SV, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Naryzhnaya NV, Voronkov NS, Ryabov VV, Boshchenko AA, Khaliulin I, Prasad NR, Fu F, Pei JM, Logvinov SV, Oeltgen PR. Reperfusion Cardiac Injury: Receptors and the Signaling Mechanisms. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:63-79. [PMID: 35422224 PMCID: PMC9896422 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220413121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been documented that Ca2+ overload and increased production of reactive oxygen species play a significant role in reperfusion injury (RI) of cardiomyocytes. Ischemia/reperfusion induces cell death as a result of necrosis, necroptosis, apoptosis, and possibly autophagy, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. It has also been demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in RI of the heart. An increase in adrenergic system activity during the restoration of coronary perfusion negatively affected cardiac resistance to RI. Toll-like receptors are involved in RI of the heart. Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 aggravated ischemic/reperfusion injury of the heart. Activation of neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+ T-cells and platelets contributes to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our review outlines the role of these factors in reperfusion cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid N. Maslov
- Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Kyevskskaya 111A, 634012 Tomsk, Russia; Tel. +7 3822 262174; E-mail:
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Zhao D, Ma X, Li Y, Xi Y, Su L, Tong Y, Wang C, Yu T. Quantitative analysis of kruppel-like factor 5-related messenger RNA transcripts in ischemic myocardium for discrimination of death causes. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_127_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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119
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RRM2 Improves Cardiomyocyte Proliferation after Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through the Hippo-YAP Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5089872. [PMID: 34868394 PMCID: PMC8639268 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5089872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) as an enzyme that catalyzes the deoxyreduction of nucleosides to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) has been extensively studied, and it plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation. However, its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) is still unclear. Methods SD rats were used as the research object to detect the expression of RRM2 in the myocardium by constructing an I/RI model. At the same time, primary SD neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were extracted, and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment simulated the I/RI model. Using transfection technology to overexpress RRM2 in cardiomyocytes, quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of RRM2, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell viability, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect Ki67 and EdU-positive cells. Western blot (WB) technology was used to detect YAP and its phosphorylation expression. Results qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of RRM2 was inhibited in the model group, and cardiomyocytes overexpressing RRM2 can obviously promote the proliferation of primary cardiomyocytes and improve the damage of cardiac structure and function caused by I/R. At the same time, RRM2 can promote the increase of YAP protein expression and the increase of Cyclin D1 mRNA expression. Conclusion RRM2 expression was downregulated in myocardial tissue with I/R. After overexpression of RRM2, cardiomyocyte proliferation was upregulated and the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway was activated.
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120
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Wen ZJ, Xin H, Wang YC, Liu HW, Gao YY, Zhang YF. Emerging roles of circRNAs in the pathological process of myocardial infarction. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:828-848. [PMID: 34729251 PMCID: PMC8536508 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as cardiomyocyte death in a clinical context consistent with ischemic insult. MI remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although there are a number of effective clinical methods for the diagnosis and treatment of MI, further investigation of novel biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets is required. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), novel non-coding RNAs, have been reported to function mainly by acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges or binding to RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (protein) regulatory pathway regulates gene expression and affects the pathological mechanisms of various diseases. Undoubtedly, a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MI and circRNA will lay the foundation for the development of circRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MI. Therefore, this review summarizes the pathophysiological process of MI and various approaches to measure circRNA levels in MI patients, tissues, and cells; highlights the significance of circRNAs in the regulation MI pathogenesis and development; and provides potential clinical insight for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Jin Wen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong-Chen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hao-Wen Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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MicroRNA as a Potential Biomarker and Treatment Strategy for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:9098145. [PMID: 34845433 PMCID: PMC8627352 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9098145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a progressive injury that aggravates the pathological state when the organ tissue restores blood supply after a certain period of ischemia, including the myocardial, brain, liver, kidney, and intestinal. With growing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role as posttranscription gene silencing mediators in many I/R injury, in this review, we highlight the microRNAs that are related to I/R injury and their regulatory molecular pathways. In addition, we discussed the potential role of miRNA as a biomarker and its role as a target in I/R injury treatment. Developing miRNAs are not without its challenges, but prudent design combined with existing clinical treatments will result in more effective therapies for I/R injury. This review is aimed at providing new research results obtained in this research field. It is hoped that new research on this topic will not only generate new insights into the pathophysiology of miRNA in I/R injury but also can provide a basis for the clinical application of miRNA in I/R.
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122
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Protection of CAPE-pNO 2 Against Chronic Myocardial Ischemia by the TGF-Β1/Galectin-3 Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Inflammation 2021; 45:1039-1058. [PMID: 34817763 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and its derivatives could ameliorate acute myocardial injury, their effects on chronic myocardial ischemia (CMI) were not reported. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of caffeic acid p-nitro phenethyl ester (CAPE-pNO2, a derivative of CAPE) on CMI and underlying mechanisms. SD rats were subjected to high-fat-cholesterol-diet (HFCD) and vitamin D3, and the H9c2 cells were treated with LPS to establish CMI model, followed by the respective treatment with saline, CAPE, or CAPE-pNO2. In vivo, CAPE-pNO2 could reduce serum lipid levels and improve impaired cardiac function and morphological changes. Data of related assays indicated that CAPE-pNO2 downregulated the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3). Besides, CAPE-pNO2 decreased collagen deposition, the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, and some related downstream proteins of Gal-3 in the CMI rats. Interestingly, the effects of CAPE-pNO2 on TGF-β1, Gal-3, and other proteins expressed in the lung were consistent with that in the heart. In vitro, CAPE-pNO2 could attenuate the fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation by activating TGF-β1/Gal-3 pathway in LPS-induced H9c2 cell. However, CAPE-pNO2-mediated cardioprotection can be eliminated when treated with modified citrus pectin (MCP, an inhibitor of Gal-3). And in comparison, CAPE-pNO2 presented stronger effects than CAPE. This study indicates that CAPE-pNO2 may ameliorate CMI by suppressing fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis via the TGF-β1/Gal-3 pathway in vivo and in vitro.
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Adzerikho IE, Vladimirskaya TE, Lutsik IL, Dubatouka KI, Agabekov VE, Branovitskaya ES, Chernyavsky EA, Lugovska N. Fibrinspecific liposomes as a potential method of delivery of the thrombolytic preparation streptokinase. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 53:313-320. [PMID: 34816379 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of streptokinase (SK) in the clinic is limited by the lack of fibrin-specificity and the short half-life of the drug. We have developed a new dosage form of streptokinase (immunoliposome), which consists of "free" native streptokinase and "bound" encapsulated in liposomes conjugated through carboxylated dextran with fibrin-specific monoclonal antibodies FnI-3C (IgG2 class), in a ratio of 60 and 40%, respectively, and studied their physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic parameters, and the ability of fibrin-specific liposomes with SK for targeted delivery to fibrin in an in vivo experiment. The obtained immunoliposomes had a hydrodynamic diameter of ~ 140 nm, a zeta potential of - 19.6 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 14.1%. Fluorescent labels bound to immunoliposomes with streptokinase selectively accumulated in model rat vein thrombi at sites containing fibrin in 30 min after injection. Studies of pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the administration of immunoliposomes with streptokinase to rats was accompanied by an increase in the half-life from 1.8 to 24.1 min, the time to reach the maximum concentration from 15 to 30 min, and a decrease in the elimination constant by about 13 times compared with the native streptokinase preparation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the thrombolytic efficacy a new dosage form of streptokinase in experiment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Adzerikho
- Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - T E Vladimirskaya
- Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - I L Lutsik
- Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - K I Dubatouka
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - V E Agabekov
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E S Branovitskaya
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E A Chernyavsky
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - N Lugovska
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Tubeimoside I Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through SIRT3-Dependent Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5577019. [PMID: 34795840 PMCID: PMC8595016 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a phenomenon that reperfusion leads to irreversible damage to the myocardium and increases mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. There is no effective drug to treat MIRI. Tubeimoside I (TBM) is a triterpenoid saponin purified from Chinese traditional medicine tubeimu. In this study, 4 mg/kg TBM was given to mice intraperitoneally at 15 min after ischemia. And TBM treatment improved postischemic cardiac function, decreased infarct size, diminished lactate dehydrogenase release, ameliorated oxidative stress, and reduced apoptotic index. Notably, ischemia-reperfusion induced a significant decrease in cardiac SIRT3 expression and activity, while TBM treatment upregulated SIRT3's expression and activity. However, the cardioprotective effects of TBM were largely abolished by a SIRT3 inhibitor 3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) pyridine (3-TYP). This suggests that SIRT3 plays an essential role in TBM's cardioprotective effects. In vitro, TBM also protected H9c2 cells against simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SIR) injury by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, and siSIRT3 diminished its protective effects. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that TBM protects against MIRI through SIRT3-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. TBM might be a potential drug candidate for MIRI treatment.
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Justo T, Martiniuc A, Dhoot GK. Modulation of cell signalling and sulfation in cardiovascular development and disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22424. [PMID: 34789772 PMCID: PMC8599478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulf1/Sulf2 genes are highly expressed during early fetal cardiovascular development but down-regulated during later stages correlating with a number of cell signalling pathways in a positive or a negative manner. Immunocytochemical analysis confirmed SULF1/SULF2 expression not only in endothelial cell lining of blood vessels but also in the developing cardiomyocytes but not in the adult cardiomyocytes despite persisting at reduced levels in the adult endothelial cells. The levels of both SULFs in adult ischemic human hearts and in murine hearts following coronary occlusion increased in endothelial lining of some regional blood vessels but with little or no detection in the cardiomyocytes. Unlike the normal adult heart, the levels of SULF1 and SULF2 were markedly increased in the adult canine right-atrial haemangiosarcoma correlating with increased TGFβ cell signalling. Cell signalling relationship to ischaemia was further confirmed by in vitro hypoxia of HMec1 endothelial cells demonstrating dynamic changes in not only vegf and its receptors but also sulfotransferases and Sulf1 & Sulf2 levels. In vitro hypoxia of HMec1 cells also confirmed earlier up-regulation of TGFβ cell signalling revealed by Smad2, Smad3, ALK5 and TGFβ1 changes and later down-regulation correlating with Sulf1 but not Sulf2 highlighting Sulf1/Sulf2 differences in endothelial cells under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Justo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW1 OTU, UK
| | - Antonie Martiniuc
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW1 OTU, UK
| | - Gurtej K Dhoot
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW1 OTU, UK.
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Xu XN, Jiang Y, Yan LY, Yin SY, Wang YH, Wang SB, Fang LH, Du GH. Aesculin suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via the Akt/GSK3β/NF-κB pathway to mitigate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153687. [PMID: 34482222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aesculin (AES), an effective component of Cortex fraxini, is a hydroxycoumarin glucoside that has diverse biological properties. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been heavily interwoven with the development of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether AES makes a difference to the changes of the NLRP3 inflammasome in MIRI. PURPOSE We used rats that were subjected to MIRI and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) that underwent oxygen-glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) process to investigate what impacts AES exerts on MIRI and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. METHODS The establishment of MIRI model in rats was conducted using the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 0.5 h ischemia and then untying the knot for 4 h of reperfusion. After reperfusion, AES were administered intraperitoneally using 10 and 30 mg/kg doses. We evaluated the development of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias, hemodynamic changes, infarct size, and the biomarkers in myocardial injury. The inflammatory mediators and pyroptosis were also assessed. AES at the concentrations of 1, 3, and 10 μM were imposed on the NRCMs immediately before the restoration process. We also determined the cell viability and cell death in the NRCMs exposed to OGD/R insult. Furthermore, we also analyzed the levels of proteins that affect the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and the AKT serine/threonine kinase (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via western blotting. RESULTS We found that AES notably attenuated reperfusion arrhythmias and myocardia damage, improved the hemodynamic function, and ameliorated the inflammatory response and pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes in rats and NRCMs. Additionally, AES reduced the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats and NRCMs. AES also enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, while suppressing the phosphorylation of NF-κB. Moreover, the allosteric Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, abolished the AES-mediated cardioprotection and the NLRP3 inflammasome suppression. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that AES effectively protected cardiomyocytes against MIRI by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, which may relate to the upregulated Akt activation and disruption of the GSK3β/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.; Regional inspection fourth branch of Shandong medical products administration, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264010, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liu-Yan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Su-Yue Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shou-Bao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Lian-Hua Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China..
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Gu L, Jiang W, Qian H, Zheng R, Li W. Elevated serum FGF21 predicts the major adverse cardiovascular events in STEMI patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12235. [PMID: 34703671 PMCID: PMC8487623 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although there have been several studies related to serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels and acute myocardial infarction, the value of serum FGF21 levels in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been previously investigated. Methods A total of 348 STEMI patients who underwent emergency PCI were enrolled from January 2016 to December 2018. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), with a median follow-up of 24 months. Eighty patients with stable angina (SA) who underwent selective PCI served as the control group. Serum FGF21 levels were measured by ELISA. Results Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in the STEMI group than in the SA group (225.03 ± 37.98 vs. 135.51 ± 34.48, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum FGF21 levels were correlated with NT-proBNP (P < 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of FGF21 and NT-proBNP were 0.812 and 0.865, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that STEMI patients with lower FGF21 levels had an increased MACE-free survival rate. Cox analysis revealed that high FGF21 levels (HR: 2.011, 95% CI: [1.160–3.489]) proved to be a powerful tool in predicting the risk of MACEs among STEMI patients after emergency PCI. Conclusion Elevated FGF21 levels on admission have been shown to be a powerful predictor of MACEs for STEMI patients after emergency PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huidong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruolong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
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128
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Hu Z, Ju F, Du L, Abbott GW. Empagliflozin protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion-induced sudden cardiac death. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:199. [PMID: 34607570 PMCID: PMC8491391 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor used to lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. Empagliflozin also exerts cardioprotective effects independent from glucose control, but its benefits on arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death are not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of empagliflozin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-provoked cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in vivo. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham-operated, control or empagliflozin groups. All except for the sham-operated rats were subjected to 5-min left main coronary artery ligation followed by 20-min reperfusion. A standard limb lead II electrocardiogram was continuously measured throughout the experiment. Coronary artery reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmogenesis and empagliflozin therapy were evaluated. The hearts were used for protein phosphorylation analysis and immunohistological assessment. RESULTS Empagliflozin did not alter baseline cardiac normal conduction activity. However, empagliflozin eliminated myocardial vulnerability to sudden cardiac death (from 69.2% mortality rate in the control group to 0% in the empagliflozin group) and reduced the susceptibility to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias post I/R injury. Empagliflozin increased phosphorylation of cardiac ERK1/2 after reperfusion injury. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 using U0126 abolished the anti-arrhythmic action of empagliflozin and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with empagliflozin protects the heart from subsequent severe lethal ventricular arrhythmia induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. These protective benefits may occur as a consequence of activation of the ERK1/2-dependent cell-survival signaling pathway in a glucose-independent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/enzymology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/pathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Hu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Feng Ju
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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129
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Xu Y, Lin H, Wang H, Pang J, Zhou Y. Fraxetin attenuates ferroptosis in myocardial infarction via AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:10315-10327. [PMID: 34650699 PMCID: PMC8507044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is the principal cause of mortality globally. Fraxetin (Fra) has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, the functional action of Fra in the progression of MI has never been elucidated. METHOD The in vivo model of MI was set up by ligating left anterior descending artery. The gene expression was tested by qRT-PCR and WB. The 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was applied to assess MI size. The cell viability was tested by MTT assay. Commercial kits were utilized to detect the activity of serum LDH and the levels of Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). RESULTS Fra treatment could reduce the infraction size and restrain ferroptosis in rats with MI. Moreover, Fra reduced the activity of serum LDH, the accumulation of iron and the MDA level, and increased GSH and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in rats with MI. Furthermore, Fra protected H9C2 myocardial cells against OGD/R-induced ferroptosis by up-regulating HO-1. Moreover, Fra activated phosphorylation of AKT and Nrf2 nuclear accumulation in MI in vivo and in vitro models. Notably, silencing Nrf2 enhanced the ferroptosis in H9C2 cells induced by OGD/R, while LY, an inhibitor of AKT phosphorylation, diminished the inhibition of Fra. CONCLUSION Fra attenuated MI-induced ferroptosis via AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, providing a potential therapeutic agent for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
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Wang H, Maimaitiaili R, Yao J, Xie Y, Qiang S, Hu F, Li X, Shi C, Jia P, Yang H, Wei M, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Xie J, Jiang J, Cai H, Sluijter JPG, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Xiao J. Percutaneous Intracoronary Delivery of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Protects the Myocardium Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Canis. Hypertension 2021; 78:1541-1554. [PMID: 34488435 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong (H.W., Y.X., C.S., M.W., J.Z., J.X., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science (H.W., J.J., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Rusitanmujiang Maimaitiaili
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Xie
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong (H.W., Y.X., C.S., M.W., J.Z., J.X., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Sujing Qiang
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (F.H., H.C.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong (H.W., Y.X., C.S., M.W., J.Z., J.X., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haotian Yang
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong (H.W., Y.X., C.S., M.W., J.Z., J.X., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong (H.W., Y.X., C.S., M.W., J.Z., J.X., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong (H.W., Y.X., C.S., M.W., J.Z., J.X., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Jizong Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science (H.W., J.J., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Haidong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (F.H., H.C.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.P.G.S.)
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (J.P.G.S.)
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology (R.M., J.Y., S.Q., X.L., P.J., H.Y., Z.Z., Y.X., Y.Z.), Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong (H.W., Y.X., C.S., M.W., J.Z., J.X., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science (H.W., J.J., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
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Sun W, Shi R, Guo J, Wang H, Shen L, Shi H, Yu P, Chen X. miR-135b-3p Promotes Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis by Targeting GPX4 and Aggravates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:663832. [PMID: 34485394 PMCID: PMC8414249 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.663832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death induced by excess iron and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cells. Recently, ferroptosis has been reported to be associated with cancer and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in multiple organs. However, the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of myocardial I/R injury are not well-understood. The role of miR-135b-3p as an oncogene that accelerates tumor development has been confirmed; however, its role in myocardial I/R is not fully understood. In this study, we established an in vivo myocardial I/R rat model and an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte injury model and observed that ferroptosis occurred in tissues and cells during I/R myocardial injury. We used database analysis to find miR-135b-3p and validated its inhibitory effect on the ferroptosis-related gene glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), using a luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, miR-135b-3p was found to promote the myocardial I/R injury by downregulating GPX4 expression. The results of this study elucidate a novel function of miR-135b-3p in exacerbating cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, providing a new therapeutic target for improving I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, China.,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruijie Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Liyang City Hospital of TCM, Changzhou, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Despite the progress of cardiovascular medicine, ischemia-reperfusion injury can contribute to increased mortality and prolonged hospitalization after myocardial infarction. Ischemia-reperfusion injury pathophysiology encompasses many cells including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, platelets, polymorphonuclear cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes. However, specific mechanisms for all contributing cells and molecular pathways are still under investigation. What is definitely known is that endothelial dysfunction, immunity activation and inflammatory response are crucial events during ischemia-reperfusion injury while toll-like receptors, inflammasomes, reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium overload and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening consist of key molecular mediators. Indicatively, cardiac fibroblasts through inflammasome activation mediate the initial inflammatory response. Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells can respond to myocardial injury by pro-inflammatory activation. Endothelial cell activation contributes to the impaired vasomotion, inflammation and thrombotic events and together with platelet activation leads to microcirculation dysfunction and polymorphonuclear cells recruitment promoting inflammation. Polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes/macrophages subsets are critically involved in the inflammation process by producing toxic proteolytic enzymes and reactive oxygen species. T cells subsets are also involved in several stages of ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we summarize the specific contribution of each of the above cells and the related molecular pathways in the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitrios Stakos
- Cardiology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Huang J, Qing W, Pan Y. NPAS2 ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats via CX3CL1 pathways and regulating autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20569-20584. [PMID: 34460437 PMCID: PMC8436934 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is common during the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2 (NPAS2) is one of the core genes that control the rhythm of the biological clock. NPAS2 also regulates the biological rhythm. RESULTS The rat I/R model showed that the expression of NPAS2 decreased with the increase of reperfusion time. Overexpressing NPAS2 adenovirus (ad-NPAS2) was injected into IR rat which demonstrated that ad-NPAS2 ameliorated rats I/R injury. A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in rat cardiomyocytes showed that ad-NPAS2 inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Co-Immunoprecipitation results showed that there is an interaction between NPAS2 and Cry2. Knockdown of Cry2 aggravated the cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by H/R. Additionally, NPAS2 directly act on the promoter region of CX3CL1. Knockdown of CX3CL1 reverse the protective effect of ad-NPAS2 on rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CX3CL1 also regulates autophagy through the downstream AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS research demonstrated that overexpression of NPAS2 interacts with Cry2 and promotes the transcriptional activity of CX3CL1. Moreover, overexpression of NPAS2 regulates the downstream AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit autophagy in order to improve rat cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Qing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yesheng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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134
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Boovarahan SR, Kurian GA. Preconditioning the rat heart with 5-azacytidine attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via PI3K/GSK3β and mitochondrial K ATP signaling axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22911. [PMID: 34462995 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
5-Azacytidine is well known for its clinical usage in cancer treatments. The present study investigates the role of 5-azacytidine as a cardioprotective agent to ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The cardioprotective effect of 5-azacytidine was evaluated in three experimental models: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. The cardioprotective effect was evaluated via cell viability, hemodynamic indices, infarct size measurement, and assessment of histopathology, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. The experiments were repeated in the presence of PI3K/GSK3β and mitochondrial KATP (mtKATP ) cardioprotective signaling pathway inhibitors to understand the underlying mechanism. 5-Azacytidine improved the cell viability by 29% in I/R-challenged H9C2 cells. Both isolated rat heart and LAD ligation model confirmed the infarct sparing effect of 5-azacytidine against I/R. It also provided a beneficial effect by normalizing the altered hemodynamics, reducing the infarct size and cardiac injury markers, reversing the perturbation of mitochondria, reduced oxidative stress, and improved the pPI3K and pAKT protein expression from I/R. In addition, it also augmented the activation of PI3K/AKT and mtKATP signaling pathway, confirmed by using wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), SB216763 (GSK3β inhibitor), and glibenclamide (mtKATP channel closer). The effectiveness of 5-azacytidine as a cardioprotective agent is attributed to its activation of the PI3K/GSK3β and mtKATP channel signaling axis, thereby preserving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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Liu XJ, Lv YF, Cui WZ, Li Y, Liu Y, Xue YT, Dong F. Icariin inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes via regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2966-2976. [PMID: 34407320 PMCID: PMC8564343 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by the formation of plaques in the arterial walls, leading to a decrease of blood flow to the heart and myocardium injury as a result of hypoxia. Ferroptosis is a crucial event in myocardial injury, and icariin (ICA) exerts protective effects against myocardial injury. Here, we investigated the protective mechanism of ICA in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. H9C2 cells were subjected to H/R induction. The content of lactate dehydrogenase and the levels of oxidative stress and intracellular ferrous ion Fe2+ were measured. The levels of ferroptosis markers (ACSL4 and GPX4) were detected. H/R-induced H9C2 cells were cultured with ICA in the presence or absence of ferroptosis inducer (erastin). Znpp (an HO-1 inhibitor) was added to ICA-treated H/R cells to verify the role of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. H/R-induced H9C2 cells showed reduced viability, enhanced oxidative stress and lactate dehydrogenase content, increased levels of Fe2+ and ACSL4, and decreased levels of GPX4. ICA inhibited H/R-induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Erastin treatment reversed the inhibitory effect of ICA on ferroptosis in H/R cells. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in H/R-induced H9C2 cells was reduced, whereas ICA treatment reversed this trend. Inhibition of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway reversed the protective effect of ICA on H/R-induced ferroptosis. Collectively, our results suggest that ICA attenuates H/R-induced ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Liu
- Department of cardiovascular diseases, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Fei Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Cui
- Department of cardiovascular diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of cardiovascular diseases, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of cardiovascular diseases, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Tao Xue
- Department of cardiovascular diseases, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of cardiovascular diseases, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
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The Interplay between Autophagy and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168773. [PMID: 34445481 PMCID: PMC8395601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by a limited blood supply to organs, followed by the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation. In addition to ischemia, blood flow recovery can also lead to very harmful injury, especially inflammatory injury. Autophagy refers to the transport of cellular materials to the lysosomes for degradation, leading to the conversion of cellular components and offering energy and macromolecular precursors. It can maintain the balance of synthesis, decomposition and reuse of the intracellular components, and participate in many physiological processes and diseases. Inflammasomes are a kind of protein complex. Under physiological and pathological conditions, as the cellular innate immune signal receptors, inflammasomes sense pathogens to trigger an inflammatory response. TheNLRP3 inflammasome is the most deeply studied inflammasome and is composed of NLRP3, the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. Its activation triggers the cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18 mediated by caspase-1 and promotes a further inflammatory process. Studies have shown that autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome play an important role in the process of I/R injury, but the relevant mechanisms have not been fully explained, especially how the interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in I/R injury, which remains to be further studied. Therefore, we reviewed the recent studies about the interplay between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome in I/R injury and analyzed the mechanisms to provide the theoretical references for further research in the future.
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Wang S, Cheng Z, Chen X, Lu G, Zhu X, Xu G. CircUBXN7 mitigates H/R-induced cell apoptosis and inflammatory response through the miR-622-MCL1 axis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8711-8727. [PMID: 34539989 PMCID: PMC8430130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-mediated apoptosis and inflammation are major causes of tissue injury in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Exploring the underlying mechanisms of cardiomyocyte injury induced by H/R is important for AMI treatment. Circular RNAs have been demonstrated to paly vital roles in the pathogenesis of AMI. Our study aimed to explore the function of circular RNA UBXN7 (circUBXN7) in regulating H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury. METHODS H/R-treated H9c2 cells and a mouse model of AMI were used to investigate the function of circUBXN7 in H/R damage and AMI. The expressions of circUNXN7, miR-622 and MCL1 were analyzed by RT-qPCR. CCK-8 was used for examining cell viability. Cell apoptosis was evaluated with caspase 3 activity and Annexin V/PI staining. MCL1, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase 3 were examined with western blot. ELISA was used to examine the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. RESULTS CircUBXN7 was downregulated in patients and mice with AMI, as well as in H/R-treated cells. Overexpression of circUBXN7 mitigated H/R-mediated apoptosis and secretion of inflammatory factors including IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. CircUBXN7 suppressed cell apoptosis and inflammatory reaction induced by H/R via targeting miR-622. MiR-622 targeted MCL1 to restrain its expression in H9c2 cells. Knockdown of MCL1 abrogated circUBXN7-mediated alleviation of apoptosis and inflammation after H/R treatment. CONCLUSION CircUBXN7 mitigates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory reaction in H/R injury by targeting miR-622 and maintaining MCL1 expression. Our study provides novel potential therapeutic targets for AMI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of He'nan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, He'nan Province, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of He'nan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, He'nan Province, China
| | - Xianjie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of He'nan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, He'nan Province, China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of He'nan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, He'nan Province, China
| | - Xiliang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of He'nan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, He'nan Province, China
| | - Gaojun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of He'nan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou, He'nan Province, China
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138
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Chen Y, Shen H, Ding Y, Yu Y, Shao L, Shen Z. The application of umbilical cord-derived MSCs in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8103-8114. [PMID: 34378345 PMCID: PMC8419197 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells is a promising, emerging treatment for cardiovascular diseases in the modern era. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the umbilical cord are one of the most promising cell sources because of their capacity for differentiation into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro/in vivo. In addition, umbilical cord‐derived MSCs (UC‐MSCs) secrete many effective molecules regulating apoptosis, fibrosis and neovascularization. Another important and specific characteristic of UC‐MSCs is their low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties. However, the application of UC‐MSCs still faces some challenges, such as low survivability and tissue retention in a harmful disease environment. Gene engineering and pharmacological studies have been implemented to overcome these difficulties. In this review, we summarize the differentiation ability, secretion function, immunoregulatory properties and preclinical/clinical studies of UC‐MSCs, highlighting the advantages of UC‐MSCs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiu Chen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinglong Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You Yu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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139
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Zhang YN, Pang YX, Liu DW, Hu HJ, Xie RQ, Cui W. JMJD5 attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced injury in cardiomyocytes through regulation of HIF-1α-BNIP3. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 38:38-48. [PMID: 34369657 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins in Jumonji family function as histone demethylases and participate in cardiac development. Jumonji domain containing 5 (JMJD5) is responsible for the embryonic development through removing methyl moieties from H3K36me2 histone, and has pro-proliferative effect on heart and eye development. However, the protective role of JMJD5 against oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced injury in cardiomyocytes has not been fully understood. Firstly, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model was established by ligation of left coronary artery. OGD/R was performed in non-transfected H9C2 or H9C2 transfected with pcDNA-JMJD5 plasmid to induce cell cytotoxicity. Data from qRT-PCR and western blot showed that JMJD5 was reduced in the heart tissues of myocardial I/R rat model and OGD/R-induced H9C2. Secondly, JMJD5 over-expression attenuated OGD/R-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in lactate dehydrogenase secretion and cell apoptosis in H9C2. Mitophagy was promoted by pcDNA-mediated over-expression of JMJD5 with enhanced protein expression of LC3-I, LC3-II, Atg5, and Beclin 1. Thirdly, knockdown of JMJD5 aggravated OGD/R-induced decrease in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), whereas JMJD5 over-expression enhanced BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein) through upregulation of HIF-1α. Lastly, BNIP3 silencing promoted cell apoptosis, suppressed mitophagy, and attenuated the protective effects of JMJD5 over-expression against OGD/R-induced injury in H9C2. In conclusion, JMJD5 exerted protective effects against OGD/R-induced injury in cardiomyocytes through upregulation of HIF-1α-BNIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ya-Xiang Pang
- Experimental Center of Clinical College, The Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Da-Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Workers' Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hai-Juan Hu
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rui-Qin Xie
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei Cui
- First Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
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140
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Allahwala UK, Cistulli P, Ciofani JL, Dissanayake HU, Ward M, Weaver JC, Bhindi R. Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea on Outcomes in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): the Role of the Coronary Collateral Circulation. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1883-1890. [PMID: 34366217 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) occurs frequently in patients with coronary artery disease, with associated intermittent hypoxia a possible stimulus for coronary collateral recruitment through ischaemic preconditioning. We sought to determine whether OSA affects recruitment of coronary collaterals and prognosis of patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS Patients with a STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from July 2010 to December 2019 were reviewed. Electronic medical records were accessed to determine documented patient history of OSA. Patients with robust collaterals were defined as Rentrop grade 2 or 3. RESULTS 1,863 patients were included, of which 143 (7.7%) patients had documented evidence of OSA in their health record. Patients with OSA had a higher body mass index (BMI) (30.2 kg/m2 vs 27 kg/m2, p<0.0001), greater rate of hypertension (61.1% vs 45.1%, p<0.0001), hypercholesterolaemia (47.4% vs 38.4%, p<0.05) and diabetes mellitus (22.6% vs 15.9%, p<0.05). Patients with OSA were more likely to have robust coronary collaterals (OR: 2.2 [95% CI: 1.5-3.2]) and a lower rate of left ventricular (LV) impairment (50.7% vs 63.1%, p<0.01), a higher LV ejection fraction (50.3% vs 46.7%, p<0.0001) and a lower peak troponin-I level (26,452 ng/L vs 39,469 ng/L, p<0.01). There were no differences in rates of in-hospital or longer term mortality, in patients with OSA compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS Patients with documented OSA presenting with STEMI appear to have more robust coronary collaterals observed on angiography which likely mediates lower myocardial necrosis. Broader implications of this finding on treatment require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usaid K Allahwala
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter Cistulli
- Centre for Sleep Health and Research, Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan L Ciofani
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. https://twitter.com/JonathanCiofani
| | - Hasthi U Dissanayake
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Ward
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James C Weaver
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ravinay Bhindi
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. https://twitter.com/Ravinay
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141
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Li C, Liu Z, Shi R. A Bibliometric Analysis of 14,822 Researches on Myocardial Reperfusion Injury by Machine Learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8231. [PMID: 34360526 PMCID: PMC8345983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is the major cause of death worldwide, and reperfusion is the standard intervention for myocardial ischemia. However, reperfusion may cause additional damage, known as myocardial reperfusion injury, for which there is still no effective therapy. This study aims to analyze the landscape of researches concerning myocardial reperfusion injury over the past three decades by machine learning. PubMed was searched for publications from 1990 to 2020 indexed under the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term "myocardial reperfusion injury" on 13 April 2021. MeSH analysis and Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) analyses were applied to reveal research hotspots. In total, 14,822 publications were collected and analyzed in this study. MeSH analyses revealed that time factors and apoptosis were the leading terms of the pathogenesis and treatment of myocardial reperfusion injury, respectively. In LDA analyses, research topics were classified into three clusters. Complex correlations were observed between topics of different clusters, and the prognosis is the most concerned field of the researchers. In conclusion, the number of publications on myocardial reperfusion injury increases during the past three decades, which mainly focused on prognosis, mechanism, and treatment. Prognosis is the most concerned field, whereas studies on mechanism and treatment are relatively lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of the Geriatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
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Ali SS, Noordin L, Bakar RA, Zainalabidin S, Jubri Z, Wan Ahmad WAN. Current Updates on Potential Role of Flavonoids in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Cardiac Injury Model. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:605-618. [PMID: 34114196 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, timely reperfusion strategies to re-establish oxygenated blood flow in ischemic heart diseases seem to salvage viable myocardium effectively. Despite the remarkable improvement in cardiac function, reperfusion therapy could paradoxically trigger hypoxic cellular injury and dysfunction. Experimental laboratory models have been developed over the years to explain better the pathophysiology of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, including the in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation cardiac injury model. Furthermore, the use of nutritional myocardial conditioning techniques have been successful. The cardioprotective potential of flavonoids have been greatly linked to its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. While several studies have reviewed the cardioprotective properties of flavonoids, there is a scarce evidence of their function in the hypoxia-reoxygenation injury cell culture model. Hence, the aim of this review was to lay out and summarize our current understanding of flavonoids' function in mitigating hypoxia-reoxygenation cardiac injury based on evidence from the last five years. We also discussed the possible mechanisms of flavonoids in modulating the cardioprotective effects as such information would provide invaluable insight on future therapeutic application of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafreena Shaukat Ali
- Programme of Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Liza Noordin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences (PPSP), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ruzilawati Abu Bakar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences (PPSP), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Jubri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad
- Programme of Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Cho HM, Cho JY. Cardiomyocyte Death and Genome-Edited Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1264-1279. [PMID: 33492627 PMCID: PMC8316208 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Massive death of cardiomyocytes is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases. Since the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited, the regulation of their death has been receiving great attention. The cell death of cardiomyocytes is a complex mechanism that has not yet been clarified, and it is known to appear in various forms such as apoptosis, necrosis, etc. In ischemic heart disease, the apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes appear in two types of programmed forms (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) and they account for a large portion of cell death. To repair damaged cardiomyocytes, diverse stem cell therapies have been attempted. However, despite the many positive effects, the low engraftment and survival rates have clearly limited the application of stem cells in clinical therapy. To solve these challenges, the introduction of the desired genes in stem cells can be used to enhance their capacity and improve their therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, as genome engineering technologies have advanced significantly, safer and more stable delivery of target genes and more accurate deletion of genes have become possible, which facilitates the genetic modification of stem cells. Accordingly, stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is expected to further improve. This review describes myocardial cell death, stem cell therapy for cardiac repair, and genome-editing technologies. In addition, we introduce recent stem cell therapies that incorporate genome-editing technologies in the myocardial infarction model. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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Rankovic M, Krivokapic M, Bradic J, Petkovic A, Zivkovic V, Sretenovic J, Jeremic N, Bolevich S, Kartashova M, Jeremic J, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V, Tomovic M. New Insight Into the Cardioprotective Effects of Allium ursinum L. Extract Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690696. [PMID: 34393815 PMCID: PMC8361798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the effects of increasing doses of Allium ursinum methanol extract on cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) with a special emphasis on the role of oxidative stress. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups (10 animals per group) depending on the applied treatment as follows: sham, rats who drank only tap water for 28 days and hearts were retrogradely perfused for 80 min without I/R injury, I/R, rats who drank only tap water for 28 days and hearts were exposed to ex vivo I/R injury and rats who consumed increasing doses of A. ursinum 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg for 28 days before I/R injury. Hearts from all rats were isolated and retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique. Parameters of oxidative stress were spectrophotometrically measured in blood, coronary venous effluent, and heart tissue samples. Intake of wild garlic extract for 28 days significantly contributed to the recovery of cardiac function, which was reflected through preserved cardiac contractility, systolic function, and coronary vasodilatory response after ischemia. Also, wild garlic extract showed the potential to modulate the systemic redox balance and stood out as a powerful antioxidant. The highest dose led to the most efficient decrease in cardiac oxidative stress and improve recovery of myocardial function after I/R injury. We might conclude that wild garlic possesses a significant role in cardioprotection and strong antioxidant activity, which implicates the possibility of its use alone in the prevention or as adjuvant antioxidant therapy in cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rankovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Krivokapic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Krusevac, Montenegro
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Anica Petkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jasmina Sretenovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Kartashova
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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145
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Wen L, Yang QH, Ma XL, Li T, Xiao S, Sun CF. Inhibition of TNFAIP1 ameliorates the oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through modulation of Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107993. [PMID: 34330059 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 1 (TNFAIP1) has been documented as a vital regulator of apoptosis and oxidative stress under various pathological conditions. However, whether TNFAIP1 plays a role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has not been well investigated. This work aimed to evaluate the possible role of TNFAIP1 in mediating myocardial I/R injury. Firstly, we demonstrated that TNFAIP1 expression was dramatically increased in rat cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro, and in rat myocardial tissues following I/R treatment in vivo. Silencing of TNFAIP1 alleviated H/R-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of TNFAIP1 ameliorated I/R-induced myocardial injury, infarction size, cardiac apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vivo. Further investigation elucidated that knockdown of TNFAIP1 enhanced the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling associated with modulation of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of Akt markedly abrogated TNFAIP1-knockdown-mediated Nrf2 activation in cardiomyocytes following H/R injury. In addition, suppression of Nrf2 significantly diminished TNFAIP1-knockdown-induced cardioprotective effects in H/R-exposed cardiomyocytes. In summary, this work elucidates that inhibition of TNFAIP1 ameliorates myocardial I/R injury by potentiating Nrf2 signaling via the modulation of the Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Our study highlights a vital role of the TNFAIP1/Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway in mediating myocardial I/R injury and suggests TNFAIP1 as an attractive target for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Qing-Hui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Chao-Feng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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146
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Senescence and senolytics in cardiovascular disease: Promise and potential pitfalls. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111540. [PMID: 34237321 PMCID: PMC8387860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the biggest risk factor for impaired cardiovascular health, with cardiovascular disease being the cause of death in 40 % of individuals over 65 years old. Ageing is associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis, coronary artery stenosis and subsequent myocardial infarction, thoracic aortic aneurysm, valvular heart disease and heart failure. An accumulation of senescence and increased inflammation, caused by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, have been implicated in the aetiology and progression of these age-associated diseases. Recently it has been demonstrated that compounds targeting components of anti-apoptotic pathways expressed by senescent cells can preferentially induce senescence cells to apoptosis and have been termed senolytics. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating that senescence contributes to cardiovascular disease, with a particular focus on studies that indicate the promise of senotherapy. Based on these data we suggest novel indications for senolytics as a treatment of cardiovascular diseases which have yet to be studied in the context of senotherapy. Finally, while the potential benefits are encouraging, several complications may result from senolytic treatment. We, therefore, consider these challenges in the context of the cardiovascular system.
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147
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Xue Z, Zhao K, Sun Z, Wu C, Yu B, Kong D, Xu B. Isorhapontigenin ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating Kinase Cε/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02143. [PMID: 34102010 PMCID: PMC8323036 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isorhapontigenin (ISO) has been shown to have antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of ISO on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (MCAO/R) model and primary cortical neurons were established an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD / R) injury model. After 24 hr of reperfusion, the neurological deficits of the rats were analyzed and HE staining was performed, and the infarct volume was calculated by TTC staining. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat brain tissue, the content of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were detected. Neuronal cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Western blot analysis was determined for protein expression. RESULTS ISO treatment significantly improved neurological scores, reduced infarct volume, necrotic neurons, ROS production, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG levels. At the same time, ISO significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. The neuroprotective effects of ISO can be eliminated by knocking down Nrf2 and HO-1. In addition, knockdown of the PKCε blocked ISO-induced nuclear Nfr2, HO-1 expression. CONCLUSION ISO protected against oxidative damage induced by brain I/R, and its neuroprotective mechanism may be related to the PKCε/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xue
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhenghui Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Bowen Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dongsheng Kong
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Bainan Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryHainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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148
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Lv XW, Wang MJ, Qin QY, Lu P, Qin GW. 6-Gingerol relieves myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by regulating lncRNA H19/miR-143/ATG7 signaling axis-mediated autophagy. J Transl Med 2021; 101:865-877. [PMID: 33758383 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) causes severe damage in cardiac tissue, thereby resulting in a high rate of mortality. 6-Gingerol (6-G) is reported to play an essential role in alleviating MIRI. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. This study was intended to explore the potential mechanism by which 6-G functions. Q-PCR was employed to quantify the relative RNA levels of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 (H19), miR-143, and ATG7, an enzyme essential for autophagy, in HL-1 cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were employed for protein evaluation in cultured cells or mouse tissues. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis were analysed by CCK-8, LDH, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The binding sites for miR-143 were predicted using starBase software and experimentally validated through a dual-luciferase reporter system. Here, we found that 6-G elevated cellular H19 expression in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated HL-1 cells. Moreover, 6-G increased Bcl-2 expression but reduced cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9 protein levels. Mechanistically, H19 directly interacted with miR-143 and lowered its cellular abundance by acting as a molecular sponge. Importantly, ATG7 was validated as a regulated gene of miR-143, and the depletion of miR-143 by H19 caused an increased in ATG7 expression, which in turn promoted the autophagy process. Last, mouse experiments highly supported our in vitro findings that 6-G relieves MIRI by enhancing autophagy. The H19/miR-143/ATG7 axis was shown to be critical for the function of 6-G in relieving MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Wei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China.
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149
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Xu L, Chen Y, Jin Q, Wu Y, Deng C, Zhong Y, Lin L, Chen L, Fu W, Yi L, Sun Z, Qin X, Li Y, Yang Y, Xie M. Biomimetic PLGA Microbubbles Coated with Platelet Membranes for Early Detection of Myocardial Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2974-2985. [PMID: 34197128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury is important for protecting the myocardium and improving patient prognoses. Fortunately, the platelet membrane possesses the ability to target the region of MI/R injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that platelet membrane-coated particles (PMPs) could be used to detect early MI/R injury by ultrasound imaging. We designed PMPs with a porous polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) core coated with a platelet membrane shell. Red blood cell membrane-coated particles (RMPs) were fabricated as controls. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy were applied to confirm the membrane coatings of the PMPs and RMPs. In vitro imaging of the PMPs and RMPs was verified. Moreover, binding experiments were designed to examine the targeting ability of the PMPs. Finally, we assessed the signal intensity of the adherent PMPs in the risk area and remote area by ultrasound imaging based on an MI/R rat model. The platelet membrane equipped the PMPs with an accurate targeting ability. Compared with RMPs, PMPs showed significantly more adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and collagen IV in vitro. Both PMPs and RMPs exhibited good enhancement ability in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the signal intensity of PMPs in the risk area was significantly higher than that in remote areas. These results were further validated by an immunofluorescence assay and ex vivo fluorescence imaging. In summary, ultrasound imaging with PMPs can detect early MI/R injury in a noninvasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenpei Fu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Luyang Yi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenxing Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuman Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
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150
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Jiang Y, Yu Q, Sui D, Yu X, Xu H, Li M. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211029528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) is an active natural product which is transformed from protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of PPD on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model. PPD (20mg/kg) or positive-control drug Diltiazem (10mg/kg) was administered daily for 7 days before left anterior descending I/R operation. After 2-hour reperfusion, changes of cardiac morphology, structure, and function were evaluated by HE staining and echocardiography. Myocardial infarct size was assessed using nitroblue tetrazolium staining. The activities of cardiac enzymes in serum were also evaluated. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected using the terminal dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. The extent of oxidative stress was evaluated according to the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione per oxidase (GPx) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of apoptosis associated proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-9, and cytochrome C. According to the results, PPD reduced I/R‑induced increases in myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function. Furthermore, PPD decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis on TUNEL staining, which was verified by increased Bcl-2, and decreased expression of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved Caspase-9, and cleaved Caspase-3 in I/R rat myocardium. Additionally, PPD reduced MDA levels and increased the anti-oxidative capacity by upregulating the activities of SOD and GPx. Taken together, the results suggest that PPD serves a protective role against oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Pharmacological Experiment Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Pharmacological Experiment Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Li
- Pharmacological Experiment Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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