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Vartak-Sharma N, Nooka S, Ghorpade A. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and the A(E)Ging HIV/AIDS-HAND. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:133-157. [PMID: 27090750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent attempts to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-induced gene expression changes in astrocytes uncovered a multifunctional oncogene, astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). Our previous studies revealed that AEG-1 regulates reactive astrocytes proliferation, migration and inflammation, hallmarks of aging and CNS injury. Moreover, the involvement of AEG-1 in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease and migraine, and its induction in the aged brain suggest a plausible role in regulating overall CNS homeostasis and aging. Therefore, it is important to investigate AEG-1 specifically in aging-associated cognitive decline. In this study, we decipher the common mechanistic links in cancer, aging and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders that likely contribute to AEG-1-based regulation of astrocyte responses and function. Despite AEG-1 incorporation into HIV-1 virions and its induction by HIV-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, the specific role(s) of AEG-1 in astrocyte-driven HIV-1 neuropathogenesis are incompletely defined. We propose that AEG-1 plays a central role in a multitude of cellular stress responses involving mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleolus. It is thus important to further investigate AEG-1-based cellular and molecular regulation in order to successfully develop better therapeutic approaches that target AEG-1 to combat cancer, HIV-1 and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vartak-Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Shruthi Nooka
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA.
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102
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MTDH genetic variants in colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23163. [PMID: 26983693 PMCID: PMC4794727 DOI: 10.1038/srep23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The colorectal carcinogenesis is a complex process encompassing genetic alterations. The oncoprotein AEG-1, encoded by the MTDH gene, was shown previously to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the spectrum of MTDH variants in tumor tissue, and their relationship to clinicopathological variables in CRC patients. The study included tumors from 356 unselected CRC patients. Mutation analysis of the MTDH gene, including coding region and adjacent intronic sequences, was performed by direct DNA sequencing. The corresponding normal colorectal tissue was analyzed in the carriers of exonic variant to confirm germline or somatic origin. We detected 42 intronic variants, where 25 were novel. Furthermore, we found 8 exonic variants of which four, one missense (c.977C > G-germline) and three frameshift mutations (c.533delA-somatic, c.1340dupA-unknown origin, c.1731delA-unknown origin), were novel. In silico prediction analyses suggested four deleterious variants (c.232G > T, c.533delA, c.1340dupA, and c.1731delA). There were no correlations between the MTDH variants and tumor stage, differentiation or patient survival. We described several novel exonic and intronic variants of the MTDH gene. The detection of likely pathogenic truncating mutations and alterations in functional protein domains indicate their clinical significance, although none of the variants had prognostic potential.
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103
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Astrocyte elevated gene-1 promotes progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt signaling. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 25:345-55. [PMID: 25695541 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) with epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The expression of proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry in tissues. Overexpression and knockdown of AEG-1 in SiHa cells were achieved by stable AEG-1 gene transfection (SiHa-AEG-1+) and AEG-1-siRNA (SiHa-AEG-1-), respectively. The cellular levels of messenger RNA and proteins were assessed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The cell invasion capacity was assessed by the chamber invasion assay. RESULTS AEG-1 was overexpressed in clinical CSCC and associated with lymph node metastasis, parametrial involvement, stromal invasion, and vascular invasion. A high level of vimentin and a low level of E-cadherin were also detected in the cancer tissues. AEG-1 expression was positively correlated with vimentin expression and negatively with E-cadherin expression in CSCC tissues. In addition, high level of AEG-1 was related to unfavorable prognosis of CSCC. On a cellular level, overexpression of AEG-1 was found to lead to an up-regulation of vimentin and a down-regulation of E-cadherin on messenger RNA and protein level in SiHa cells, whereas AEG-1 knockdown led to a contrary result. Meanwhile, the nuclear levels of NF-κB p65 and β-catenin were also increased in SiHa-AEG-1+, whereas their nuclear levels were decreased in SiHa-AEG-1-. Inhibition of Wnt signaling significantly reduced vimentin level and enhanced E-cadherin level in SiHa-AEG+, but inhibition of NF-κB signaling did not. SiHa-AEG-1+ and SiHa-AEG- showed an enhanced and a decreased invasive capacity, respectively. The enhanced invasiveness of SiHa-AEG-1+ was weakened by inhibition of Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS AEG-1 was associated with the progression of CSCC by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt signaling pathway.
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104
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Li WF, Wang G, Zhao ZB, Liu CA. High expression of metadherin correlates with malignant pathological features and poor prognostic significance in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:572-80. [PMID: 25418110 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metadherin (MTDH) protein, also called astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is over expressed in a variety of malignant tumours, and is closely related to tumour invasion and the poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE This study tries to explore the clinical pathological significance of MTDH expression in a large cohort of patients with PTC. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MTDH expression in 156 cases of PTC, 6 cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), 10 cases of multinodular goitre (MNG) and 10 cases of thyroid adenoma tissues who received a thyroid operation between June 2003 and July 2008. MEASUREMENTS Clinical pathological data of 156 cases of PTC were analysed according to MTDH expression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves and log-rank test to compare the postoperative survival results. The prognostic meaning of MTDH expression in PTC was evaluated by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The positive expression rates of MTDH in PTC and ATC tissues were 37·2% (58/156) and 50% (3/6), respectively, and MTDH positive expression rates were both 10% (1/10) in MNG and thyroid adenoma tissues. High MTDH expression in PTC was associated with larger tumour size (P = 0·030), high rates of lymph node (P = 0·041) and distant metastasis (P = 0·028), but no relation with the patient age, gender, tumour multicenter, extrathyroid invasion and tumour grade. High MTDH expression was associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival rate (DSS) (P = 0·014, P = 0·001, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that high MTDH expression was independent prognostic indicators for RFS and DSS in patients with PTC (P = 0·023 and P = 0·035, respectively). CONCLUSION High MTDH expression in PTC might play an important role in tumour growth and metastasis, and targeting MTDH treatment might have potential therapeutic value for patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical University, Shiyan City, China
| | - Zong-Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical University, Shiyan City, China
| | - Chang-An Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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105
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Le Sage V, Cinti A, Valiente-Echeverría F, Mouland AJ. Proteomic analysis of HIV-1 Gag interacting partners using proximity-dependent biotinylation. Virol J 2015; 12:138. [PMID: 26362536 PMCID: PMC4566291 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag polyprotein is necessary and sufficient to assemble non-infectious particles. Given that HIV-1 subverts many host proteins at all stages of its life cycle, it is essential to identify these interactions as potential targets for antiretroviral therapy. FINDINGS This work demonstrates the use of proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) of host proteins and complexes that are proximal to the N-terminal domains of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein. Two of the hits identified in the BioID screen were validated by immunoprecipation and confirmed the interaction of DDX17 and RPS6 with HIV-1 Gag. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that BioID is both a successful and complementary method to screen for nearby interacting proteins of HIV-1 Gag during the replicative cycle in different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Le Sage
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Alessandro Cinti
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada. .,Present address: Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 834100, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrew J Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada.
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Gollavilli PN, Kanugula AK, Koyyada R, Karnewar S, Neeli PK, Kotamraju S. AMPK inhibits MTDH expression via GSK3β and SIRT1 activation: potential role in triple negative breast cancer cell proliferation. FEBS J 2015; 282:3971-85. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paradesi Naidu Gollavilli
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
| | | | - Rajeswari Koyyada
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neeli
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
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107
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Liang Y, Hu J, Li J, Liu Y, Yu J, Zhuang X, Mu L, Kong X, Hong D, Yang Q, Hu G. Epigenetic Activation of TWIST1 by MTDH Promotes Cancer Stem-like Cell Traits in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3672-80. [PMID: 26141861 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are a cell subpopulation that can reinitiate tumors, resist chemotherapy, and give rise to metastases. Metadherin (MTDH) contributes widely to tumor growth, drug resistance, relapse, and metastasis, but its molecular mechanisms of action are not well understood. Here, we report that MTDH drives CSC expansion by promoting the expression of TWIST1, a transcription factor critical for cancer cell stemness and metastasis. MTDH activates TWIST1 expression indirectly by facilitating histone H3 acetylation on the TWIST1 promoter, a process mediated by the histone acetyltransferase CBP. Mechanistic investigations showed that MTDH interacts with CBP and prevents its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, licensing its transcriptional activation of TWIST1. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, MTDH expression correlates positively with TWIST1 expression and CSC abundance. Overall, our work revealed that MTDH promotes CSC accumulation and breast tumorigenicity by regulating TWIST1, deepening the understanding of MTDH function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatao Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengli Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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108
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Robertson CL, Srivastava J, Rajasekaran D, Gredler R, Akiel MA, Jariwala N, Siddiq A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. The role of AEG-1 in the development of liver cancer. Hepat Oncol 2015; 2:303-312. [PMID: 26798451 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AEG-1 is an oncogene that is overexpressed in all cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. AEG-1 plays a seminal role in promoting cancer development and progression by augmenting proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, all hallmarks of aggressive cancer. AEG-1 mediates its oncogenic function predominantly by interacting with various protein complexes. AEG-1 acts as a scaffold protein, activating multiple protumorigenic signal transduction pathways, such as MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin while regulating gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. Our recent studies document that AEG-1 is fundamentally required for activation of inflammation. A comprehensive and convincing body of data currently points to AEG-1 as an essential component critical to the onset and progression of cancer. The present review describes the current knowledge gleaned from patient and experimental studies as well as transgenic and knockout mouse models, on the impact of AEG-1 on hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Jyoti Srivastava
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building 1220 East Broad Street, 7th Floor PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building 1220 East Broad Street, 7th Floor PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
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109
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Lu S, Xu J, Xu X, Hu S, Li B, Li W. The expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 in human non-small-cell lung cancer and its relationship with postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Histopathology 2015; 67:817-26. [PMID: 25913216 DOI: 10.1111/his.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and analyse the correlation between AEG-1 expression and the prognosis of the patients, particularly the relationship between AEG-1 expression and postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. METHODS The expression of AEG-1 was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 225 primary NSCLC specimens and 42 adjacent normal lung tissue specimens. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between AEG-1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients as well as the predictive value of AEG-1. RESULTS The expression of AEG-1 was associated with the pathological stage (P < 0.001) and lymph node status (P = 0.028). A multivariate analysis indicated that AEG-1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In the postoperative chemotherapy group, the OS (P = 0.014) and DFS (P = 0.009) in the low AEG-1 expression group were longer than the survival times in the high AEG-1 expression group. In the postoperative radiotherapy group, the local recurrence-free survival was significantly shorter in patients whose tumours showed high AEG-1 expression (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS AEG-1 expression could be a predictor for OS and DFS in NSCLC patients. Patients with low AEG-1 expression received the greatest benefit from both postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianyu Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Songliu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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110
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Wang Z, Cao CJ, Huang LL, Ke ZF, Luo CJ, Lin ZW, Wang F, Zhang YQ, Wang LT. EFEMP1 promotes the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma via MMP-2 with induction by AEG-1 via NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 6:14191-208. [PMID: 25987128 PMCID: PMC4546460 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) in osteosarcoma remains unknown. Then applying EFEMP1 siRNA, plasmids transfection and adding purified EFEMP1 protein in human osteosarcoma cell lines, and using immunohistochemistry on 113 osteosarcoma tissues, demonstrated that EFEMP1 was a poor prognostic indicator of osteosarcoma; EFEMP1 was specifically upregulated in osteosarcoma and associated with invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. At the same time, we found a direct regulatory effect of EFEMP1 on MMP-2. Moreover, we firstly found the marked induction of EFEMP1 by oncogenic AEG-1. And EFEMP1 expression was inhibited by the selective inhibitor of NF-κB (PDTC) in osteosarcoma cells. Then we thought that NF-κB pathways might be one of the effective ways which EFEMP1 was induced by AEG-1. Thus, we suggested that EFEMP1 played a part as the mediator between AEG-1 and MMP-2. And NF-κB signaling pathway played an important role in this process. In summary, EFEMP1 was associated with invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. EFEMP1 might indirectly enhance the expression of MMP-2, providing a potential explanation for the role of AEG-1 in metastasis. NF-κB pathways might be one of the effective ways which EFEMP1 was induced by AEG-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang-Jie Cao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-Lei Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zun-Fu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can-Jiao Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lian-Tang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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111
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ZHU HAIDAN, LIAO JIAZHI, HE XINGXING, LI PEIYUAN. The emerging role of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 34:539-46. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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112
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Srivastava J, Robertson CL, Gredler R, Siddiq A, Rajasekaran D, Akiel MA, Emdad L, Mas V, Mukhopadhyay ND, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) Contributes to Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS) Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15549-15558. [PMID: 25944909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.649707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), characterized by low serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) with normal l-thyroxine (T4) levels, is associated with malignancy. Decreased activity of type I 5'-deiodinase (DIO1), which converts T4 to T3, contributes to NTIS. T3 binds to thyroid hormone receptor, which heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and regulates transcription of target genes, such as DIO1. NF-κB activation by inflammatory cytokines inhibits DIO1 expression. The oncogene astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) inhibits RXR-dependent transcription and activates NF-κB. Here, we interrogated the role of AEG-1 in NTIS in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). T3-mediated gene regulation was analyzed in human HCC cells, with overexpression or knockdown of AEG-1, and primary hepatocytes from AEG-1 transgenic (Alb/AEG-1) and AEG-1 knock-out (AEG-1KO) mice. Serum T3 and T4 levels were checked in Alb/AEG-1 mice and human HCC patients. AEG-1 and DIO1 levels in human HCC samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. AEG-1 inhibited T3-mediated gene regulation in human HCC cells and mouse hepatocytes. AEG-1 overexpression repressed and AEG-1 knockdown induced DIO1 expression. An inverse correlation was observed between AEG-1 and DIO1 levels in human HCC patients. Low T3 with normal T4 was observed in the sera of HCC patients and Alb/AEG-1 mice. Inhibition of co-activator recruitment to RXR and activation of NF-κB were identified to play a role in AEG-1-mediated down-regulation of DIO1. AEG-1 thus might play a role in NTIS associated with HCC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Srivastava
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Chadia L Robertson
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Luni Emdad
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Valeria Mas
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0625
| | | | - Paul B Fisher
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298.
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Quantitative analysis of the TNF-α-induced phosphoproteome reveals AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC as an IKKβ substrate. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6658. [PMID: 25849741 PMCID: PMC4396366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of the nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex is a key regulator of the canonical NF-κB signalling cascade and is crucial for fundamental cellular functions, including stress and immune responses. The majority of IKK complex functions are attributed to NF-κB activation; however, there is increasing evidence for NF-κB pathway-independent signalling. Here we combine quantitative mass spectrometry with random forest bioinformatics to dissect the TNF-α-IKKβ-induced phosphoproteome in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In total, we identify over 20,000 phosphorylation sites, of which ∼1% are regulated up on TNF-α stimulation. We identify various potential novel IKKβ substrates including kinases and regulators of cellular trafficking. Moreover, we show that one of the candidates, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC, is directly phosphorylated by IKKβ on serine 298. We provide evidence that IKKβ-mediated AEG-1 phosphorylation is essential for IκBα degradation as well as NF-κB-dependent gene expression and cell proliferation, which correlate with cancer patient survival in vivo. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α influence inflammation, apoptosis and tumour development through regulation of the kinase IKKβ. Krishnan and Nolte et al. apply quantitative proteomics to identify potential IKKβ targets, and reveal phosphorylation of AEG-1 by IKKβ as a mechanism controlling NF-κB signalling.
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He W, He S, Wang Z, Shen H, Fang W, Zhang Y, Qian W, Lin M, Yuan J, Wang J, Huang W, Wang L, Ke Z. Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:107. [PMID: 25880337 PMCID: PMC4358870 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly metastatic cancer with limited therapeutic options, so development of novel therapies that target NSCLC is needed. During the early stage of metastasis, the cancer cells undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phase in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling is known to be involved. Simultaneously, AEG-1 has been demonstrated to activate Wnt-mediated signaling in some malignant tumors. Methods Human NSCLC cell lines and xenograft of NSCLC cells in nude mice were used to investigate the effects of AEG-1 on EMT. EMT or Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins were characterized by western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) ectopic overexpression promoted EMT, which resulted from the down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of Vimentin in lung cancer cell lines and clinical lung cancer specimens. Using an orthotopic xenograft-mouse model, we also observed that AEG-1 overexpression in human carcinoma cells led to the development of multiple lymph node metastases and elevated mesenchymal markers such as Vimentin, which is a characteristic of cells in EMT. Furthermore, AEG-1 functioned as a critical protein in the regulation of EMT by directly targeting multiple positive regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, including GSK-3β and CKIδ. Notably, overexpression of AEG-1 in metastatic cancer tissues was closely associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. Conclusions These results reveal the critical role of AEG-1 in EMT and suggest that AEG-1 may be a prognostic biomarker and its targeted inhibition may be utilized as a novel therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangzhou, 510080, Province Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Shanyang He
- Gynecology, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Province Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Zuo Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Gynecology, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Province Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University CancerCenter, Guangzhou, 510060, Province Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Millicent Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA.
| | - Jinglun Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA.
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, Peoples' Republic of China.
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Wei YB, Guo Q, Gao YL, Yan B, Wang Z, Yang JR, Liu W. Repression of metadherin inhibits biological behavior of prostate cancer cells and enhances their sensitivity to cisplatin. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:226-32. [PMID: 25684730 PMCID: PMC4438956 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH), also known as astrocyte-elevated gene-1, was first cloned in 2002 and has been confirmed as an oncogene in numerous types of cancer by previous studies. Overexpression of MTDH has been observed in multiple types of cancer, including breast, esophageal, prostate, cervical and non-small-cell lung cancer, as well as neuroblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, at present, few investigations into MTDH-associated prostate cancer have been performed. A previous study suggested that MTDH was expressed at higher levels in prostate cancer samples, compared with those of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of MTDH as an oncogene associated with the biological behavior of prostate cancer cells and chemotherapy-sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro. It was demonstrated that the inhibition of MTDH expression promoted cell apoptosis, reduced cell viability and weakened the invasive ability of prostate cancer cells. In addition, the suppression of MTDH expression increased cell sensitivity to cisplatin. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that MTDH-associated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways may be involved in mediating the biological behavior of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Department of Urology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Liang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Rui Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410015, P.R. China
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Zou Y, Qin X, Xiong H, Zhu F, Chen T, Wu H. Apoptosis of human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells triggered by evodiamine through MTDH-dependent signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5187-93. [PMID: 25652471 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH), a novel oncoprotein, has been implicated in the carcinogenesis in various aspects of tumor malignancy. Overexpression of the MTDH promotes the survival and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Agent that can suppress MTDH activation would have potential to be developed for cancer therapeutics. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of evodiamine in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cell line and the inhibitory effect of evodiamine on MTDH pathway. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining assays demonstrated that evodiamine or MTDH short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited proliferation of A549 cells via induction of apoptosis. Besides, evodiamine or MTDH shRNA-induced activation of the caspase-3 in A549 cells under same conditions. In addition, Western blotting analysis showed that treatment of A549 cells with evodiamine or MTDH shRNA resulted in an increase of proapoptotic protein Bax expression but decreased the expression levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and MTDH, which altogether account for apoptotic cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that the evodiamine suppress the proliferation of lung cancer cells, at least, in part, via inhibition of MTDH expression and activation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Zhu GC, Yu CY, She L, Tan HL, Li G, Ren SL, Su ZW, Wei M, Huang DH, Tian YQ, Su RN, Liu Y, Zhang X. Metadherin regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression is dependent upon the PI3K/Akt pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e502. [PMID: 25674742 PMCID: PMC4602746 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicated overexpression of metadherin (MTDH) is an adverse prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and promotes SCCHN cell proliferation and invasion. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have indicated that MTDH is a cancer-metastasis-associated molecule that participates in the process of angiogenesis. Therefore, the study is aimed to investigate that whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as one of the most potent proangiogenic cytokines, is regulated by MTDH and the role of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway in this process of regulation and the clinical significance of both MTDH and VEGF in SCCHN.Immunohistochemistry was used to assay the expression of MTDH and VEGF in a cohort of 189 SCCHN patients with intact follow-up information. The expression of MTDH was then upregulated or inhibited by lentivirus-mediated MTDH Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid or MTDH short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) to observe the resulting alterations in VEGF expression and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in SCCHN cell lines. In addition, the PI3K/Akt pathway was modulated to observe the resulting changes in the MTDH-mediated expression of VEGF.The immunohistochemistry data showed that MTDH expression is positively correlated with VEGF expression in SCCHN tissues. Moreover, the overexpression of MTDH in SCCHN Tu686 and 5-8F cells led to increases in the expression of VEGF, and this effect was accompanied by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conversely, shRNA-mediated knockdown of MTDH led to decreased VEGF expression. In addition, inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway reversed the upregulation of VEGF resulting from MTDH overexpression. Moreover, the survival analysis revealed that VEGF is an independent prognostic factor, and a combined survival analysis based on both MTDH and VEGF showed synergistic effects in the prognosis evaluation of SCCHN patients.The findings of the present study demonstrate that MTDH regulates the expression of VEGF via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, indicating the potential role of the MTDH-mediated activation of VEGF signaling pathway in SCCHN angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Cai Zhu
- From the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (G-cZ, C-yY, LS, H-lT, GL, S-lR, Z-wS, MW, D-hH, Y-qT, YL, XZ), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province (G-cZ, C-yY, LS, H-lT, GL, S-lR, Z-wS, MW, D-hH, Y-qT, YL, XZ); and Department of Dermatology (R-nS), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Anagnostopoulos AK, Papathanassiou C, Karamolegou K, Anastasiadou E, Dimas KS, Kontos H, Koutsopoulos A, Prodromou N, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Tsangaris GT. Proteomic studies of pediatric medulloblastoma tumors with 17p deletion. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1076-88. [PMID: 25543836 DOI: 10.1021/pr501219f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CNS tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Medulloblastoma is the commonest pediatric CNS malignancy, wherein, despite multimodal therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, 5 year survival rates merely approach 60%. Until present, gene expression and cytogenetic studies have produced contradicting findings regarding the molecular background of the specific disease. Through integration of genomics, bioinformatics, and proteomics, the current study aims to shed light at the proteomic-related molecular events responsible for MBL pathophysiology, as well as to provide molecular/protein/pathway answers concerning tumor-onset. Experiments were performed on tissues collected at surgery. With 17p loss being the commonest chromosomal aberrance observed in our sample set, array-CGH were employed to first distinguish for 17p-positive cases. 2-DE coupled to mass spectrometry identification exposed the MBL-specific protein profile. Protein profiles of malignant tissues were compared against profiles of normal cerebellar tissues, and quantitative protein differences were determined. Bioinformatics, functional and database analyses, characterization, and subnetwork profiling generated information on MBL protein interactions. Key molecules of the PI3K/mTOR signaling network were identified via the techniques applied herein. Among the findings IGF2, PI3K, Rictor, MAPKAP1, S6K1, 4EBP1, and ELF4A, as part of the IGF network (implicating PI3K/mTOR), were founded to be deregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios K Anagnostopoulos
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens 115 27, Greece
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119
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Ding L, Tian C, Feng S, Fida G, Zhang C, Ma Y, Ai G, Achilefu S, Gu Y. Small sized EGFR1 and HER2 specific bifunctional antibody for targeted cancer therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:378-98. [PMID: 25699098 PMCID: PMC4329502 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumors using miniature antibodies is a novel and attractive therapeutic approach, as these biomolecules exhibit low immunogenicity, rapid clearance, and high targeting specificity. However, most of the small-sized antibodies in existence do not exhibit marked anti-tumor effects, which limit their use in targeted cancer immunotherapy. To overcome this difficulty in targeting multiple biomarkers by combination therapies, we designed a new bifunctional antibody, named MaAbNA (multivalent antibody comprised of nanobody and affibody moieties), capable of targeting EGFR1 and HER2, which are widely overexpressed in a variety of tumor types. The small-sized (29 kDa) MaAbNA, which was expressed in E.coli, consists of one anti-EGFR1 nanobody and two anti-HER2 affibodies, and possesses high affinity (KD) for EGFR1 (~4.1 nM) and HER2 (~4.7 nM). In order to enhance its anti-tumor activity, MaAbNA was conjugated with adriamycin (ADM) using a PEG2000 linker, forming a new complex anticancer drug, MaAbNA-PEG2000-ADM. MaAbNA exhibited high inhibitory effects on tumor cells over-expressing both EGFR1 and HER2, but displayed minimal cytotoxicity in cells expressing low levels of EGFR1 and HER2. Moreover, MaAbNA-PEG2000-ADM displayed increased tumoricidal effects than ADM or MaAbNA alone, as well exhibited greater antitumor efficacy than EGFR1 (Cetuximab) and HER2 (Herceptin) antibody drugs. The ability of MaAbNA to regulate expression of downstream oncogenes c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, as well as AEG-1 for therapeutic potential was evaluated by qPCR and western-blot analyses. The antitumor efficacy of MaAbNA and its derivative MaAbNA-PEG2000-ADM were validated in vivo, highlighting the potential for use of MaAbNA as a highly tumor-specific dual molecular imaging probe and targeted cancer therapeutic.
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120
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Qureshi R, Arora H, Rizvi M. EMT in cervical cancer: Its role in tumour progression and response to therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 356:321-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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121
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Zhou B, Yang J, Shu B, Liu K, Xue L, Su N, Liu J, Xi T. Overexpression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 is associated with ovarian cancer development and progression. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2981-90. [PMID: 25483832 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been reported that astrocyte‑elevated gene‑1 (AEG‑1) has a critical role in the regulation of tumor development, and/or progression. However, the functional significance of AEG‑1 in human ovarian cancer remains unclear. The present study conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of ovarian tissues, and the association between AEG‑1 protein expression, clinicopathological features and outcomes were investigated. The gain or loss of AEG‑1 function was also examined, through exogenous overexpression or knockdown of expression by small interfering RNA, in ovarian cancer cells. Normal ovarian tissue exhibited very little or no AEG‑1 immunoreactivity, whereas high expression levels of AEG‑1 were detected in 12.7% of cystadenomas, 30.0% of borderline tumors, and 71.2% of ovarian carcinomas, respectively, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses demonstrated a significant correlation of AEG‑1 expression with differentiation (P=0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.008) and clinical staging (P=0.002). In addition, the overall survival time of patients with higher AEG‑1 expression levels was markedly shorter, as compared with patients with lower expression levels of AEG‑1 (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that AEG‑1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator of the survival of patients with ovarian cancer. Furthermore, exogenous overexpression of AEG‑1 in ovarian cancer cells was shown to significantly enhance cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion. Conversely, silencing AEG‑1 expression caused an inhibition of cell growth, adhesion and invasion. The results of the present study indicate that AEG‑1 is a valuable biomarker for the prediction of ovarian cancer prognosis, and AEG‑1 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Toxicology, Jiangsu Center of Safety Evaluation for Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lezhen Xue
- Department of Toxicology, Jiangsu Center of Safety Evaluation for Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Toxicology, Jiangsu Center of Safety Evaluation for Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Jiangsu Center of Safety Evaluation for Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Zou Y, Zhang P, Zhu F, Xiong H. WITHDRAWN: Evodiamine triggers apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via targeting MTDH-mediated signaling pathway. Pharmacotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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123
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Dong L, Qin S, Li Y, Zhao L, Dong S, Wang Y, Zhang C, Han S. High expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 is associated with clinical staging, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis in gastric carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2169-78. [PMID: 25407490 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
More and more evidence has demonstrated that astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is tightly associated with progression, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis in many malignancies. However, the potential biological role of AEG-1 in gastric carcinoma (GC) has not been thoroughly delineated. In the current study, we found that AEG-1 mRNA and protein levels in GC tissues were significantly higher than those in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, statistical analysis displayed a significant correlation of high AEG-1 mRNA and protein expressions with differentiation status, TNM staging, invasive depth, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Most importantly, expressions of AEG-1 mRNA and protein in high clinical staging and metastatic GC tissues were dramatically higher than those in low clinical staging and non-metastatic GC tissues (P < 0.05). Stepwise investigation confirmed that the survival time of the patients with high AEG-1 level was shorter than those with low AEG-1 level or negative AEG-1 staining. Taken altogether, our data presented herein suggest that AEG-1 may be a novel predictor for metastasis and prognosis of the patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangpeng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, 453100, China
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Haug S, Schnerch D, Halbach S, Mastroianni J, Dumit VI, Follo M, Hasenburg A, Köhler M, Dierbach H, Herzog S, Proske A, Werner M, Dengjel J, Brummer T, Laßmann S, Wäsch R, Zeiser R. Metadherin exon 11 skipping variant enhances metastatic spread of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2328-40. [PMID: 25346496 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic ovarian cancer has a dismal prognosis and current chemotherapeutic approaches have very limited success. Metadherin (MTDH) is expressed in human ovarian cancer tissue and its expression inversely correlates with patients overall survival. Consistent with these studies, we observed MTDH expression in tissue specimens of FIGO Stage III ovarian carcinomas (72/83 cases). However, we also observed this in normal human ovarian epithelial (OE) cells, which raised the question of whether MTDH-variants with functional differences exist. We identified a novel MTDH exon 11 skipping variant (MTDHdel) which was seen at higher levels in ovarian cancer compared to benign OE cells. We analyzed MTDH-binding partner interactions and found that 12 members of the small ribosomal subunit and several mRNA binding proteins bound stronger to MTDHdel than to wildtype MTDH which indicates differential effects on gene translation. Knockdown of MTDH in ovarian cancer cells reduced the amount of distant metastases and improved the survival of ovarian cancer-bearing mice. Selective overexpression of the MTDHdel enhanced murine and human ovarian cancer progression and caused a malignant phenotype in originally benign human OE cells. MTDHdel was detectable in microdissected ovarian cancer cells of some human tissue specimens of ovarian carcinomas. In summary, we have identified a novel MTDH exon 11 skipping variant that shows enhanced binding to small ribosomal subunit members and that caused reduced overall survival of ovarian cancer bearing mice. Based on the findings in the murine system and in human tissues, MTDHdel must be considered a major promalignant factor for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Haug
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Alhaddad H, Kim NT, Aal-Aaboda M, Althobaiti YS, Leighton J, Boddu SHS, Wei Y, Sari Y. Effects of MS-153 on chronic ethanol consumption and GLT1 modulation of glutamate levels in male alcohol-preferring rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:366. [PMID: 25400560 PMCID: PMC4214358 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that upregulation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) in the brain is associated in part with reduction in ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring (P) male rats. In this study, we investigated the effects of a synthetic compound, (R)-(−)-5-methyl-1-nicotinoyl-2-pyrazoline (MS-153), known to activate GLT1 on ethanol consumption as well as GLT1 expression and certain signaling pathways in P rats. P rats were given 24-h concurrent access to 15 and 30% ethanol, water and food for 5 weeks. On week 6, P rats received MS-153 at a dose of 50 mg/kg (i.p.) or a vehicle (i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. We also tested the effect of MS-153 on daily sucrose (10%) intake. Our studies revealed a significant decrease in ethanol intake at the dose of 50 mg/kg MS-153 from Day 1 through 14. In addition, MS-153 at dose of 50 mg/kg did not induce any significant effect on sucrose intake. Importantly, we found that MS-153 upregulated the GLT1 level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but not in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In accordance, we found upregulation of nuclear NFkB-65 level in NAc in MS-153-treated group, however, IkBα was downregulated in MS-153-treated group in NAc. We did not find any changes in NFkB-65 and IkBα levels in PFC. Interestingly, we revealed that p-Akt was downregulated in ethanol vehicle treated groups in the NAc; this downregulation was reversed by MS-153 treatment. We did not observe any significant differences in glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) expression among all groups. These findings reveal MS-153 as a GLT1 modulator that may have potential as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nathaniel T Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Munaf Aal-Aaboda
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yangjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
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Wang F, Ke ZF, Wang R, Wang YF, Huang LL, Wang LT. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) promotes osteosarcoma cell invasion through the JNK/c-Jun/MMP-2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:933-9. [PMID: 25204501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents and is characterised by high malignant and metastatic potentials. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this invasiveness remains unclear. In this study, we determined that PD98059 and SP600125, the two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family inhibitors, decreased the osteosarcoma cell U2OS-AEG-1 migration and invasion that was enhanced by astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in an in vitro wound-healing and Matrigel invasion assay independently of cell viability. These findings indicate that AEG-1 promoted osteosarcoma cell invasion is relevant to the MAPK pathways. The up-regulation of AEG-1 increased the levels of phosphor-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphor-c-Jun; however, there were no marked changes in the levels of phosphor-extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 or phosphor-c-Fos due to the activation of AEG-1 in U2OS. SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) decreased phosphor-c-Jun and MMP-2 in U2OS-AEG-1, while PD98059 (a ERK1/2 inhibitor) had no influence on the levels of phosphor-c-Jun or MMP-2 in U2OS-AEG-1. Further study revealed that the down-regulation of phosphor-c-Jun not only obviously decreased the MMP-2 protein level and the MMP-2 transcriptional activity that were up-regulated by AEG-1 in Western-blot and luciferase reporter assays, but also inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of the U2OS-AEG-1 cells, which suggests that AEG-1 mediated U2OS invasion at least partially via the JNK/c-Jun/MMP-2 pathway. Consistent with these observations, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed that AEG-1 expression was associated with the protein levels of phosphor-c-Jun and MMP-2 in needle biopsy paraffin-embedded archival human osteosarcoma tissues. Taken together, our findings suggest that AEG-1 plays a crucial role in the aggressiveness of osteosarcoma via the JNK/c-Jun/MMP-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zun-Fu Ke
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Feng Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Lei Huang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Tang Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Robertson CL, Srivastava J, Siddiq A, Gredler R, Emdad L, Rajasekaran D, Akiel M, Shen XN, Guo C, Giashuddin S, Wang XY, Ghosh S, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Genetic deletion of AEG-1 prevents hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6184-93. [PMID: 25193383 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the oncogene AEG-1 (MTDH, LYRIC) has been implicated recently in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In mice, HCC can be initiated by exposure to the carcinogen DEN, which has been shown to rely upon activation of NF-κB in liver macrophages. Because AEG-1 is an essential component of NF-κB activation, we interrogated the susceptibility of mice lacking the AEG-1 gene to DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. AEG-1-deficient mice displayed resistance to DEN-induced HCC and lung metastasis. No difference was observed in the response to growth factor signaling or activation of AKT, ERK, and β-catenin, compared with wild-type control animals. However, AEG-1-deficient hepatocytes and macrophages exhibited a relative defect in NF-κB activation. Mechanistic investigations showed that IL6 production and STAT3 activation, two key mediators of HCC development, were also deficient along with other biologic and epigenetics findings in the tumor microenvironment, confirming that AEG-1 supports an NF-κB-mediated inflammatory state that drives HCC development. Overall, our findings offer in vivo proofs that AEG-1 is essential for NF-κB activation and hepatocarcinogenesis, and they reveal new roles for AEG-1 in shaping the tumor microenvironment for HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jyoti Srivastava
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Maaged Akiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shah Giashuddin
- Department of Pathology, New York Hospital Medical Center, Flushing, New York, New York
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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Expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in human meningiomas and its roles in cell proliferation and survival. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:31-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li G, Wang Z, Ye J, Zhang X, Wu H, Peng J, Song W, Chen C, Cai S, He Y, Xu J. Uncontrolled inflammation induced by AEG-1 promotes gastric cancer and poor prognosis. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5541-52. [PMID: 25092897 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection plays an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer. The expression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is increased in gastric cancer tissues, thereby contributing to the inflammatory response. We investigated whether and how AEG-1 regulated proinflammatory signaling in gastric cancer cells. We used human gastric cancer cell lines and athymic nude mice to investigate the role of AEG-1 in the regulation of the TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and cancer invasion and compared the expression of AEG-1 and related proteins in 93 patients with gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry. In human gastric cancer cells, both AEG-1 and TLR4 could be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. AEG-1 was upregulated via LPS-TLR4 signaling and in turn promoted nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. At the same time, AEG-1 overexpression decreased the levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein SOCS-1, a negative regulator of the TLR4 pathway. Furthermore, nude mice engrafted with AEG-1/TLR4-expressing cells demonstrated larger tumor volumes than control animals. In patients with gastric cancer, the expression of AEG-1 correlated with that of TLR4, SOCS-1, and NF-κB and was higher in tumors compared with noncancerous adjacent tissues. Overall survival in patients with gastric cancer with simultaneous expression of AEG-1 and TLR4 was poor. Our results demonstrate that AEG-1 can promote gastric cancer progression by a positive feedback TLR4/NF-κB signaling-related mechanism, thus providing new mechanistic explanation for the role of inflammation in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinning Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wan L, Hu G, Wei Y, Yuan M, Bronson RT, Yang Q, Siddiqui J, Pienta KJ, Kang Y. Genetic ablation of metadherin inhibits autochthonous prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5336-47. [PMID: 25074613 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) overexpression in diverse cancer types has been linked to poor clinical outcomes, but definitive genetic proof of its contributions to cancer remains incomplete. In particular, the degree to which MTDH may contribute to malignant progression in vivo is lacking. Here, we report that MTDH is amplified frequently in human prostate cancers where its expression levels are tightly correlated with prostate cancer progression and poor disease-free survival. Furthermore, we show that genetic ablation of MTDH in the transgenic adenomcarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer blocks malignant progression without causing defects in the normal development of the prostate. Germline deletion of Mtdh in TRAMP mice prolonged tumor latency, reduced tumor burden, arrested progression of prostate cancer at well-differentiated stages, and inhibited systemic metastasis to distant organs, thereby decreasing cancer-related mortality ∼10-fold. Consistent with these findings, direct silencing of Mtdh in prostate cancer cells decreased proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, supporting an epithelial cell-intrinsic role of MTDH in prostate cancer. Together, our findings establish a pivotal role for MTDH in prostate cancer progression and metastasis and define MTDH as a therapeutic target in this setting. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5336-47. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Wan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Guohong Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Urology and Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. Tumor Progression and Genomic Instability Program, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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Huang Y, Ren GP, Xu C, Dong SF, Wang Y, Gan Y, Zhu L, Feng TY. Expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) as a biomarker for aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:479. [PMID: 24989027 PMCID: PMC4227053 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is associated with tumorigenesis and progression. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of AEG-1 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were employed to assess AEG-1 expression in three pancreatic cancer cell lines and normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect AEG-1 expression in ten pairs of PDAC and normal pancreas tissues. Immunohistochemistry was then used to examine AEG-1 expression in paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 105 patients, and its association with clinicopathological parameters including cancer classification was examined. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to study the survival rates of patients. Results Expression of AEG-1 mRNA and protein was markedly higher in pancreatic cancer cell lines than that in the normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells. AEG-1 expression was evidently upregulated in PDAC tissues compared to that of the matched distant normal pancreas tissues. qRT-PCR data revealed that the tumor/non-tumor ratio of AEG-1 expression was >1.5-fold (up to 6.5-fold). Immunohistochemical data showed that AEG-1 protein was detected in 98.09% (103/105) of PDAC tissues; and they were found to be associated with tumor size (P = 0.025), advanced clinical stage (P = 0.004), T classification (P = 0.006), N classification (P = 0.003), and M classification (P = 0.007). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high AEG-1-expressed PDAC had shorter overall survival. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that clinical stage, T classification, and AEG-1 expression were the independent prognostic predictors for PDAC. Conclusions This study suggests that AEG-1 protein was highly expressed in PDAC and associated with poor prognosis of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, 311100 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhou Z, Deng H, Yan W, Luo M, Tu W, Xia Y, He J, Han P, Fu Y, Tian D. AEG-1 promotes anoikis resistance and orientation chemotaxis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100372. [PMID: 24941119 PMCID: PMC4062488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis contributes to the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Anoikis resistance and orientation chemotaxis are two important and sequential events in tumor cell metastasis. The process of tumor metastasis is known to be regulated by AEG-1, an important oncogene that plays a critical role in tumor metastasis, though the effects of this oncogene on anoikis resistance and orientation chemotaxis in HCC cells are currently unknown. To directly assess the role of AEG-1 in these processes, we up-regulated AEG-1 expression via exogenous transfection in SMMC-7721 cells, which express low endogenous levels of AEG-1; and down-regulated AEG-1 expression via siRNA-mediated knockdown in MHCC-97H and HCC-LM3 cells, which express high endogenous levels of AEG-1. Our data directly demonstrate that AEG-1 promotes cell growth as assessed by cell proliferation/viability and cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, the prevention of anoikis by AEG-1 correlates with decreased activation of caspase-3. AEG-1-dependent anoikis resistance is activated via the PI3K/Akt pathway and is characterized by the regulation of Bcl-2 and Bad. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reverses the AEG-1 dependent effects on Akt phosphorylation, Bcl-2 expression and anoikis resistance. AEG-1 also promotes orientation chemotaxis of suspension-cultured cells towards supernatant from Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPMECs). Our results show that AEG-1 activates the expression of the metastasis-associated chemokine receptor CXCR4, and that its ligand, CXCL12, is secreted by HPMECs. Furthermore, the CXCR4 antoagonist AMD3100 decreases AEG-1-induced orientation chemotaxis. These results define a pathway by which AEG-1 regulates anoikis resistance and orientation chemotaxis during HCC cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujia Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - De'an Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Li C, Chen K, Cai J, Shi QT, Li Y, Li L, Song H, Qiu H, Qin Y, Geng JS. Astrocyte elevated gene-1: a novel independent prognostic biomarker for metastatic ovarian tumors. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:3079-85. [PMID: 24234336 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), a novel tumor-associated gene, was found overexpressed in many tumors. Therefore, our purpose is to estimate whether AEG-1 overexpression is a novel predictor of prognostic marker in metastatic ovarian tumors. Immunohistochemistry was used to estimate AEG-1 overexpression in metastatic ovarian tumors from 102 samples. The association between AEG-1 expression and prognosis was estimated by univariate and multivariate survival analyses with Cox regression. The log-rank test was used to identify any differences in the prognosis between the two groups. The median overall and progression-free survival rates of patients with tumors from gastrointestinal tract origin were 0.97 and 0.51 years, respectively. Similarly, survival rates of patients with tumors of breast origin were 2.68 and 1.96 years (P < 0.0001). Of 102 patients, 77 had high expression, and AEG-1 overexpression had a significant link of prognosis in metastatic ovarian patients (P < 0.01). On the other hand, medians of overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with tumors of gastrointestinal tract origin were significantly lower than those of patients with tumors of breast origin (P < 0.0001). Patients with metastatic ovarian tumors of breast origin had significantly better prognosis than those with the tumors from gastrointestinal tract primary malignancies. It is suggested that AEG-1 overexpression might be an independent prognostic marker of metastatic ovarian tumors.
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134
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Huang Y, Li LEP. Progress of cancer research on astrocyte elevated gene-1/Metadherin (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 8:493-501. [PMID: 25009642 PMCID: PMC4081432 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development is initiated by an accumulation of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 [AEG-1; also known as Metadherin (MTDH) and Lysine-rich CEACAM1 co-isolated (LYRIC)] has emerged in recent years as a potentially crucial mediator of tumor malignancy, and a key converging point of a complex network of oncogenic signaling pathways. AEG-1/MTDH has a multifunctional role in tumor development that has been found to be involved in the following signaling cascades: i) The Ha-Ras and PI3K/Akt pathways; ii) the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway; iii) the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase and Wnt/β-catenin pathways; and iv) the Aurora-A kinase signaling pathway. Studies have established that AEG-1/MTDH is crucial in tumor progression, including transformation, the evasion of apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, recent clinical studies have convincingly associated AEG-1/MTDH with tumor progression and poor prognosis in a number of cancer types, including hepatocellular, esophageal squamous cell, gallbladder and renal cell carcinomas, breast, non-small cell lung, prostate, gastric and colorectal cancers, and glioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. AEG-1/MTDH may be used as a biomarker to identify subgroups of patients who require more intensive treatments and who are likely to benefit from AEG-1/MTDH-targeted therapies. The therapeutic targeting of AEG-1/MTDH may simultaneously block metastasis, suppress tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China ; Department of General Surgery, Zao Zhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - LE-Ping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Gnosa S, Zhang H, Brodin VP, Carstensen J, Adell G, Sun XF. AEG-1 expression is an independent prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients with preoperative radiotherapy: a study in a Swedish clinical trial. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:166-73. [PMID: 24874474 PMCID: PMC4090728 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) is widely used to downstage rectal tumours, but the rate of recurrence varies significantly. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed for better treatment and prognosis. It has been shown that astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is a key mediator of migration, invasion, and treatment resistance. Our aim was to analyse the AEG-1 expression in relation to RT in rectal cancer patients and to test its radiosensitising properties. Methods: The AEG-1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 158 patients from the Swedish clinical trial of RT. Furthermore, we inhibited the AEG-1 expression by siRNA in five colon cancer cell lines and measured the survival after irradiation by colony-forming assay. Results: The AEG-1 expression was increased in the primary tumours compared with the normal mucosa independently of the RT (P<0.01). High AEG-1 expression in the primary tumour of the patients treated with RT correlated independently with higher risk of distant recurrence (P=0.009) and worse disease-free survival (P=0.007). Downregulation of AEG-1 revealed a decreased survival after radiation in radioresistant colon cancer cell lines. Conclusions: The AEG-1 expression was independently related to distant recurrence and disease-free survival in rectal cancer patients with RT and could therefore be a marker to discriminate patients for distant relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gnosa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, County Council of Östergötland, University of Linköping, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - H Zhang
- School of Medicine, Örebro University, SE-70128 Örebro, Sweden
| | - V P Brodin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, County Council of Östergötland, University of Linköping, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Carstensen
- Division of Health and Society, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - G Adell
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - X-F Sun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, County Council of Östergötland, University of Linköping, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
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136
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Metadherin, p50, and p65 expression in epithelial ovarian neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:178410. [PMID: 24963474 PMCID: PMC4055019 DOI: 10.1155/2014/178410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling promotes cancer progression in a large number of malignancies. Metadherin, a coactivator of the NF-κB transcription complex, was recently identified to regulate different signaling pathways that are closely related to cancer. We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of p50, p65, and metadherin in 30 ovarian carcinomas, 15 borderline ovarian tumours, and 31 benign ovarian cystadenomas. Ovarian carcinomas exhibited significantly higher expression of all 3 markers compared to benign ovarian tumours. Borderline ovarian tumours demonstrated significantly higher expression for all 3 markers compared to benign cystadenomas. Ovarian carcinomas demonstrated significantly higher expression of p50 and metadherin compared to borderline ovarian tumours, whereas no significant difference was noted in p65 expression between ovarian carcinomas and borderline ovarian tumours. There was a strong correlation with the expression levels of p50, p65, and metadherin, whereas no correlation was observed with either grade or stage. Strong p50, p65, and metadherin expression was associated with a high probability to distinguish ovarian carcinomas over borderline and benign ovarian tumours, as well as borderline ovarian tumours over benign ovarian neoplasms. A gradual increase in the expression of these molecules is noted when moving across the spectrum of ovarian carcinogenesis, from borderline ovarian tumours to epithelial carcinomas.
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137
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AEG-1 is associated with tumor progression in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:986. [PMID: 24829140 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), a novel oncoprotein, has been implicated in oncogenesis and cancer progression in various types of human cancers. Here, immunohistochemistry was used to detect AEG-1 expression in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and these data were examined for correlation with clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AEG-1 expression was significantly higher in bladder cancer tissues than that in normal tissues. High expression of AEG-1 was found in 45 % of bladder cancers and significantly associated with tumor grade (P = 0.002) and progression (P = 0.028). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that AEG-1 expression was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.0011). Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that AEG-1 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with BC. AEG-1 protein may contribute to the malignant progression of bladder cancer, and present as a novel marker to predict the progression of NMIBC.
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138
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Astrocyte elevated gene-1 activates MMP9 to increase invasiveness of colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6679-85. [PMID: 24705862 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the invasiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells remains largely unknown. Here, we found that astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues, compared with the adjacent normal tissues from human patients. Ectopic expression of AEG-1 enhanced the invasive ability of CRC cells, while small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced knockdown of AEG-1 inhibited the invasive ability of CRC cells. Transcription, protein levels, and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), all increased by AEG-1 overexpression in CRC cells, and all decreased by AEG-1 inhibition. Suppression of endogenous MMP9 abrogated the effects of AEG-1 on invasiveness, without affecting AEG-1 levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that AEG-1 contributes to CRC invasiveness and metastasis by enhancing MMP9 activity. Thus, AEG-1 appears to be a novel therapeutic target for preventing the metastasis of CRC.
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139
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Astrocyte elevated gene-1 overexpression in histologically favorable Wilms tumor is related to poor prognosis. J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10:317-23. [PMID: 24119914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is associated with tumorigenesis and progression in various types of human cancers. However, the status of AEG-1 expression and its significance in Wilms tumor are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of AEG-1 and evaluated its clinical and prognostic significance in favorable-histology Wilms tumor (FHWT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine AEG-1 protein expression in paraffin-embedded tissues from 38 FHWT patients. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy from January 2003 to June 2008 with subsequent therapy according to National Wilms Tumor Study Group protocols. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the association between AEG-1 expression and clinical parameters. RESULTS We found high AEG-1 expression in 17 of 38 (44.7%) patients. AEG-1 expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage (p = 0.019) and status of recurrence (p = 0.023). Importantly, patients with high AEG-1 expression had a shorter disease-free survival and overall survival compared with those with low AEG-1 expression (p = 0.011 and p = 0.013). CONCLUSION AEG-1 expression is associated with FHWT outcome in this study, and AEG-1 may represent a novel and valuable predictor for prognostic evaluation of FHWT patients.
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140
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Abstract
Since the initial discovery of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC, our appreciation for this novel protein's involvement in cancer has increased dramatically over the past few years. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC is a key functional target of the 8q22 genomic gain that is frequently observed in poor-prognosis breast cancer, where it plays a dual role in promoting chemoresistance and metastasis. Beyond this, growing evidence from clinical research indicates a strong correlation between AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC expression and the pathogenesis of a large spectrum of cancer types, and multiple studies employing in vitro cell culture systems and in vivo xenograft models have revealed multifaceted roles of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in cancer biology, including tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. With increasing mechanistic understanding of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC, discovery of agents that can block AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC and its regulated pathways will be beneficial to cancer patients with aberrant expression of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Wan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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141
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Abstract
AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has been shown to promote cancer progression and development. Overexpression of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC correlates with angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance to various chemotherapy agents in cancer cells originating from a variety of tissues. In this chapter, we focus on the role of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in drug resistance. Mechanistic studies have shown that AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC is involved in classical oncogenic pathways including Ha-Ras, myc, NFκB, and PI3K/Akt. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC also promotes protective autophagy by activating AMP kinase and autophagy-related gene 5. Another reported mechanism by which AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC regulates drug resistance is by increasing loading of multidrug resistance gene (MDR) 1 mRNA to the polysome, thereby facilitating MDR1 protein translation. More recently, a novel function for AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC as an RNA-binding protein was elucidated, which has the potential to impact expression of drug sensitivity or resistance genes. Finally, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC acts in microRNA-directed gene silencing via an interaction with staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1, a component of the RNA-induced silencing complex. Altered microRNA expression and activity induced by AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC represent an additional way that AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC may cause drug resistance in cancer. The multiple functions of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in drug resistance highlight that it is a viable target as an anticancer agent for a wide variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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142
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Abstract
Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC) is a potent oncogene that regulates key cellular processes underlying disease of the central nervous system (CNS). From its involvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection to its role in neurodegenerative disease and malignant brain tumors, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC facilitates cellular survival and proliferation through the control of a multitude of molecular signaling cascades. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC induction by HIV-1 and TNF highlights its importance in viral infection, and its incorporation into viral vesicles supports its potential role in active viral replication. Overexpression of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in the brains of Huntington's disease patients suggests its function in neurodegenerative disease, and its association with genetic polymorphisms in large genome-wide association studies of migraine patients suggests a possible role in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches. In the field of cancer, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC promotes angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and enhanced tumor metabolism through key oncogenic signaling cascades. In response to external stress cues and cellular mechanisms to inhibit further growth, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC activates pathways that bypass cell checkpoints and potentiates signals to enhance survival and tumorigenesis. As an oncogene that promotes aberrant cellular processes within the CNS, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC represents an important therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Noch
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill-Cornell Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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143
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Emdad L, Das SK, Dasgupta S, Hu B, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC: signaling pathways, downstream genes, interacting proteins, and regulation of tumor angiogenesis. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 120:75-111. [PMID: 23889988 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-401676-7.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), also known as metadherin (MTDH) and lysine-rich CEACAM1 coisolated (LYRIC), was initially cloned in 2002. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as an important oncogene that is overexpressed in multiple types of human cancer. Expanded research on AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has established a functional role of this molecule in several crucial aspects of tumor progression, including transformation, proliferation, cell survival, evasion of apoptosis, migration and invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. The multifunctional role of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in tumor development and progression is associated with a number of signaling cascades, and recent studies identified several important interacting partners of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in regulating cancer promotion and other biological functions. This review evaluates the current literature on AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC function relative to signaling changes, interacting partners, and angiogenesis and highlights new perspectives of this molecule, indicating its potential as a significant target for the clinical treatment of various cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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144
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Lee SG, Kang DC, DeSalle R, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC, the beginning: initial cloning, structure, expression profile, and regulation of expression. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 120:1-38. [PMID: 23889986 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-401676-7.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its initial identification as a HIV-1-inducible gene in 2002, astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), subsequently cloned as metadherin (MTDH) and lysine-rich CEACAM1 coisolated (LYRIC), has emerged over the past 10 years as an important oncogene providing a valuable prognostic marker in patients with various cancers. Recent studies demonstrate that AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC is a pleiotropic protein that can localize in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus, and nucleolus, and contributes to diverse signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT, NF-κB, MAPK, and Wnt. In addition to tumorigenesis, this multifunctional protein is implicated in various physiological and pathological processes including development, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. The present review focuses on the discovery of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC and conceptualizes areas of future direction for this intriguing gene. We begin by describing how AEG-1, MTDH, and LYRIC were initially identified by different research groups and then discuss AEG-1 structure, functions, localization, and evolution. We conclude with a discussion of the expression profile of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in the context of cancer, neurological disorders, inflammation, and embryogenesis, and discuss how AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC is regulated. This introductory discussion of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC will serve as the basis for the detailed discussions in other chapters of the unique properties of this intriguing molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Geun Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chul Kang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly virulent malignancy with diverse etiology. Identification of a common mediator of aggressive progression of HCC would be extremely beneficial not only for diagnostic/prognostic purposes but also for developing targeted therapies. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC gene is amplified in human HCC patients, and overexpression of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has been identified in a high percentage of both hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus positive HCC cases, suggesting its key role in regulating hepatocarcinogenesis. Important insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating oncogenic properties of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC, especially regulating chemoresistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis, have been obtained from studies using HCC model. Additionally, analysis of HCC model has facilitated the identification of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC downstream genes and interacting proteins, thereby unraveling novel players regulating HCC development and progression leading to the development of novel interventional strategies. Characterization of a hepatocyte-specific AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC transgenic mouse (Alb/AEG-1) has revealed novel aspects of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC function in in vivo contexts. Combination of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC inhibition and chemotherapy has documented significant efficacy in abrogating human HCC xenografts in nude mice indicating the need for developing effective AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC inhibition strategies to obtain objective response and survival benefits in terminal HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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146
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Li S, Guo X, Ma X, Tang C, Ke Z, Huang W. Expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 closely correlates with the angiogenesis of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1447-1454. [PMID: 24765154 PMCID: PMC3997719 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is overexpressed in several cancer types and that its upregulation may promote cell proliferation, cell transformation and tumor progression. The present study investigated the expression and prognostic value of AEG-1 in primary gastric cancer (GC) as well as its role in angiogenesis. The results obtained from real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting revealed the upregulation of AEG-1 mRNA (P=0.007) and protein expression (P<0.001) in the majority of cancerous tissues compared with matched adjacent non-cancerous gastric tissues. To further investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic roles of AEG-1, immunohistochemical analysis of 216 GC tissue blocks was performed. The results showed that high AEG-1 expression closely correlated with differentiation degree (P<0.001 ), T stage (P<0.001), N stage (P=0.003) and M stage (P=0.013). Consistent with the abovementioned results, AEG-1 upregulation was also found to significantly correlate with poor survival in GC patients (P<0.001). Furthermore, carcinomas with elevated AEG-1 expression demonstrated high vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density, which was labeled by cluster of differentiation 34. In addition, an AEG-1 siRNA assay in MGC-803 cells showed that the AEG-1 gene may promote VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein and mRNA expression. The results of the current study indicated that AEG-1 may serve as a valuable prognostic marker for GC and may be involved in regulating tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Cuilan Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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147
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Nikpour M, Emadi-Baygi M, Fischer U, Niegisch G, Schulz WA, Nikpour P. MTDH/AEG-1 contributes to central features of the neoplastic phenotype in bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:670-7. [PMID: 24495449 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carcinoma of the bladder is the fifth most common cancer whose incidence continues to rise. MTDH/AEG-1 is associated with the initiation and progression of many cancers including breast, hepatocellular, ovarian, and colorectal carcinomas. However, the expression and functional importance of MTDH/AEG-1 in bladder cancer remains unknown. The present study was aimed at exploring the functional role of MTDH/AEG-1 in selected bladder cancer cell lines. METHODS AND MATERIALS The relative expression of MTDH/AEG-1 was assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in several human bladder cancer cell lines as well as cancerous and benign bladder tissues. Then, expression of MTDH/AEG-1 in RT112 and 647V bladder cancer cell lines was knocked down by an RNA interference strategy. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined after treatment with specific interfering RNA. Potential effects of MTDG/AEG-1 specific interfering RNA on the cell cycle were investigated by flow cytometry. We also performed anchorage-independent growth and wound-healing assays to study MTDH/AEG-1 function. RESULTS Down-regulation of MTDH/AEG-1 did not significantly affect the cell cycle distribution but rather reduced cell viability via apoptosis, as evidenced by increased annexin V staining and caspase 3/7 activities as well as mitochondrial potential disruption. Of note, serum starvation did not exacerbate the effects of MTDH/AEG-1 knockdown. Furthermore, MTDH/AEG-1 down-regulation significantly decreased anchorage-independent growth and migration of bladder carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION Overexpression of MTDH/AEG-1 contributes to the neoplastic phenotype of bladder cancer cells by promoting survival, clonogenicity, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Nikpour
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Modjtaba Emadi-Baygi
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Research Institute of Biotechnology, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Günter Niegisch
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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148
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Luxton HJ, Barnouin K, Kelly G, Hanrahan S, Totty N, Neal DE, Whitaker HC. Regulation of the localisation and function of the oncogene LYRIC/AEG-1 by ubiquitination at K486 and K491. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:633-41. [PMID: 24529480 PMCID: PMC4013555 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of LYRIC/AEG‐1 in malignant transformation, tumourigenesis and chemo‐resistance has previously been demonstrated in different cell types and sub‐cellular compartments. The localisation of LYRIC/AEG‐1 appears crucial to its function and is regulated by three lysine‐rich nuclear localisation signal regions, one of which was previously demonstrated to be modified by ubiquitin. Here we show that mutation of LYRIC/AEG‐1 at K486 and K491 results in a loss of ubiquitination. A K486/491R double mutant that is incapable of ubiquitination shows reduced binding to the NFκB subunit p65 or importin‐β resulting in a distinctive peri‐nuclear localisation of LYRIC/AEG‐1. We also provide evidence to suggest that TOPORS, an E3 ligase that also regulates p53 modification may be responsible for LYRIC/AEG‐1 ubiquitin modification. Overall we demonstrate that specific sites of LYRIC/AEG‐1 ubiquitination are essential for regulating LYRIC/AEG‐1 localisation and functionally interacting proteins. LYRIC/AEG‐1 is an important oncogene. 2 specific lysine residues in exNLS‐2 are ubiquitinated. Deletion of both lysine residues changes localisation and interaction with p65. LYRIC/AEG‐1 interacts with TOPORS, a known E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley J Luxton
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Karin Barnouin
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK; Protein Analysis and Proteomics, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Sarah Hanrahan
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Nick Totty
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Hayley C Whitaker
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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149
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Huang S, Wu B, Li D, Zhou W, Deng G, Zhang K, Li Y. Knockdown of astrocyte elevated gene-1 inhibits tumor growth and modifies microRNAs expression profiles in human colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:338-45. [PMID: 24462870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), upregulated in various types of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), has been reported to be associated with the carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. However, the functional significance of AEG-1 and the relationship between AEG-1 and microRNAs in human CRC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AEG-1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target of human CRC and its possible mechanism. We adopted a strategy of ectopic overexpression or RNA interference to upregulate or downregulate expression of AEG-1 in CRC models. Their phenotypic changes were analyzed by Western blot, MTT and transwell matrix penetration assays. MicroRNAs expression profiles were performed using microarray analysis followed by validation using qRT-PCR. Knockdown of AEG-1 could significantly inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion and promotes apoptosis. Conversely, upregulation of AEG-1 could significantly enhance cell proliferation, invasion and reduced apoptisis. AEG-1 directly contributes to resistance to chemotherapeutic drug. Targeted downregulation of AEG-1 might improve the expression of miR-181a-2(∗), -193b and -193a, and inversely inhibit miR-31 and -9(∗). Targeted inhibition of AEG-1 can lead to modification of key elemental characteristics, such as miRNAs, which may become a potential effective therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Huang
- East Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Binwen Wu
- East Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.
| | - Dongfeng Li
- East Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- East Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Gang Deng
- East Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Kaijun Zhang
- East Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Youjia Li
- East Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
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150
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Huang K, Li LA, Meng Y, You Y, Fu X, Song L. High expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is associated with progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and unfavorable prognosis in cervical cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:297. [PMID: 24256614 PMCID: PMC3866971 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) plays an important role in the development and progression of certain types of human cancers. However, the expression dynamics of AEG-1 in cervical cancer and its clinical/prognostic significance are unclear. Method In present study, the methods of tissue microarrays (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to investigate AEG-1 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier plots, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The expression level of AEG-1 was increased from CIN I to CIN III. High expression of AEG-1 could be observed in 61.1% (55/90) of cervical cancer. Moreover, high expression of AEG-1 correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis (all P <0.05). More importantly, high expression of AEG-1 was closely associated with cervical cancer patient shortened survival time as evidenced by univariate and multivariate analysis (P <0.05). Conclusions Our data suggest for the first time that high expression of AEG-1 is associated significantly with progression of cervical cancer. AEG-1 overexpression, as examined by IHC, has the potential to be used as an immunomarker to predict prognosis of cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuanguang Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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