101
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Lu LC, Chang CJ, Hsu CH. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: current state and future perspectives. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2019; 6:71-84. [PMID: 31123667 PMCID: PMC6511249 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s159693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been focusing on overcoming tumor angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote both angiogenesis and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated the prognostic implications of and suggested the translational significance of MDSCs in patients with HCC. In preclinical HCC models, targeting MDSCs has been shown to enhance antitumor efficacy of sorafenib or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Reversing the protumor effects of MDSCs could be achieved by depleting MDSCs, blocking MDSC trafficking and migration into TME, and inhibiting the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs. To date, these strategies have not yet been validated to be clinically useful in patients with malignancy including HCC. Future studies should focus on identifying specific markers for human MDSCs and developing combination approaches incorporating MDSC-targeting therapy in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Lu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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102
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Flynn MJ, Sayed AA, Sharma R, Siddique A, Pinato DJ. Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2019; 69:2258-2270. [PMID: 30382576 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After a decade of stagnation in drug development, therapeutic reversal of immune-exhaustion with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) has been shown to be effective in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical development of novel ICPIs continues at a rapid pace, with more than 50 clinical trials of immunotherapeutic agents registered as of May 2018 for this indication. The development of ICPI is particularly challenging in patients with HCC, a population with unique features which impact on safety and efficacy of immune-modulating therapies. In this review, we discuss the biological foundations supporting the development of ICPIs across the advancing stages of HCC, focusing on the rational positioning of ICPIs across the various Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages of the disease. Translational studies should guide adequate prioritization of those therapeutic agents and combination strategies which are most likely to achieve patient benefit based on solid mechanistic and clinical justifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flynn
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anwar A Sayed
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Siddique
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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103
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system. Perturbations in TGF-β signaling underlie inflammatory diseases and promote tumor emergence. TGF-β is also central to immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment, and recent studies have revealed roles in tumor immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the TGF-β family and its context-dependent nature. Then, focusing on cancer, we discuss the roles of TGF-β signaling in distinct immune cell types and how this knowledge is being leveraged to unleash the immune system against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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104
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He J, Li R, Chen Y, Hu Y, Chen X. TNFR2-expressing CD4 +Foxp3 + regulatory T cells in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 164:101-117. [PMID: 31383403 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a major cellular mechanism in tumor immune evasion. Elimination of Treg activity has become a strategy to devise an effective tumor immunotherapy. We reported that TNF receptor type II (TNFR2), one of two receptors transducing TNF biological activity, is preferentially expressed by the most suppressive subset of Tregs. By interaction with TNFR2, TNF plays a decisive role in the activation, expansion and phenotype stability of Tregs. We also found that highly suppressive TNFR2-expressing Tregs appear to be tumor-associated Tregs. This finding has been supported by recent studies in mouse tumor models and in cancer patients. In this chapter, published data revealing the important role of TNFR2+ Tregs in tumor development and metastasis in different tumor types are reviewed and analyzed. The therapeutic potential of targeting TNF-TNFR2 interaction as means to eliminate Treg activity, and consequently to enhance anti-tumor immune responses, also is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Investment Banking, Shenzhen Rhino Star Information Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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105
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Akazawa Y, Suzuki T, Yoshikawa T, Mizuno S, Nakamoto Y, Nakatsura T. Prospects for immunotherapy as a novel therapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:80-95. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i3.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignant disease, with a poor clinical prognosis. Many standard therapies are often considered for HCC treatment today; however, these conventional therapies often fail to achieve sufficiently effective clinical results. Today, HCC therapy is set to undergo a major revolution, owing to rapid developments in cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Cancer immunotherapy is a novel and promising treatment strategy that differs significantly from conventional therapies in its approach to achieve antitumor effects. In fact, many cancer immunotherapies have been tested worldwide and shown to be effective against various types of cancer; HCC is no exception to this trend. For example, we identified a specific cancer antigen called glypican-3 (GPC3) and performed clinical trials of GPC3-targeted peptide vaccine immunotherapy in patients with HCC. Here, we present an overview of the immune mechanisms for development and progression of HCC, our GPC3-based immunotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy against HCC. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of cancer immunotherapy against HCC. We believe that this review and discussion of cancer immunotherapy against HCC could stimulate more interest in this promising strategy for cancer therapy and help in its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Akazawa
- Toshiaki Yoshioka, Shoichi Mizuno, Tetsuya Nakatsura, Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- Toshiaki Yoshioka, Shoichi Mizuno, Tetsuya Nakatsura, Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Ménétrier-Caux C, Ray-Coquard I, Blay JY, Caux C. Lymphopenia in Cancer Patients and its Effects on Response to Immunotherapy: an opportunity for combination with Cytokines? J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:85. [PMID: 30922400 PMCID: PMC6437964 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative lymphocyte alterations are frequent in patients with cancer, and strongly impact prognosis and survival. The development of cancers in immunosuppressed patients has demonstrated the contribution of different T cell populations, including CD4+ cells, in the control of cancer occurrence.Whereas absolute numbers of neutrophils, platelets and red blood cells are routinely monitored in clinic following treatments, because of possible short-term complications, absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC), their subpopulations or diversity (phenotype, TCR) are rarely analyzed and never used to choose therapy or as prognostic criteria. The recent identification of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) as powerful therapeutic agents has revitalized immunotherapy of cancer in a broader group of diseases than anticipated. The status of the immune system is now recognized as an important biomarker for response to these novel treatments. Blood ALC values, along with tumor infiltration by CD8+T cells, and ICPi and ICPi-ligand expression, are likely to be a potential marker of sensitivity to anti-ICPi therapy.In this article, we review the current knowledge on the incidence and significance of lymphopenia in cancer patients, and discuss therapeutic strategies to restore lymphocyte numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ménétrier-Caux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France. .,Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France.,Medical Oncology department, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France.,Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France
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107
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Positive Immuno-Modulation Following Radiofrequency Assisted Liver Resection in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030385. [PMID: 30893948 PMCID: PMC6463076 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often develops on a background of chronic inflammation and a complex immunosuppressive network with increased regulatory T cells, impaired CD8+ T cells and the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Previous clinical studies have reported a superior disease-free survival (DFS) following a radiofrequency-based ablation or resection in HCC tumours compared to conventional liver resection techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is any correlation with the use of a radiofrequency-assisted liver resection and clinical outcome. Material and Methods: Patients’ peripheral blood was collected prior and 7 days following surgery from patients undergoing a liver resection for HCC. There were 5 liver resections performed using CUSA and 6 liver resections with the RF-based device, HabibTM 4X. The primary endpoint of the study was to assess the immunological parameters of circulating immune cell populations as well as serum cytokines. The Student’s t-test, chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test were applied for statistical comparisons, as appropriate. Results: Patients undergoing an RF-assisted liver resection with HabibTM 4X had a significant decrease in the inhibitory Treg cells (p = 0.002) and a significant increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes (p = 0.050) and CD4+CD45RO+/CD4+ memory T cells (p = 0.002) compared to those patients undergoing a liver resection with CUSA. It was also noted that the RF-assisted liver resection group had a significant decrease in circulating TGF-ß (p = 0.000), IL10 (p = 0.000) and a significant increase in IFN-gamma (p = 0. 027) and IL-17 compared to the CUSA group. Conclusion: A liver resection with RF-based device HabibTM 4X was associated with positive immunomodulatory changes in circulating immune cells and circulating cytokines which could explain the significant improvement in DFS.
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108
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Yu SJ, Ma C, Heinrich B, Brown ZJ, Sandhu M, Zhang Q, Fu Q, Agdashian D, Rosato U, Korangy F, Greten TF. Targeting the crosstalk between cytokine-induced killer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2019; 70:449-457. [PMID: 30414862 PMCID: PMC6380944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-based immunotherapy is effective as an adjuvant therapy in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but lacks efficacy in advanced HCC. We aimed to investigate immune suppressor mechanisms in HCC, focusing on the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in response to CIK therapy. METHODS MDSCs were quantified by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. Cytokines were detected by cytokine array. A lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay was performed in the presence or absence of MDSCs to study CIK function against HCC cells in vitro. An FDA-approved PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, was used to target MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Two different murine HCC cell lines were tested in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. The antitumor effects of human CIKs and MDSCs were also tested in vitro. RESULTS Adoptive cell transfer of CIKs into tumor-bearing mice induced inflammatory mediators (e.g., CX3CL1, IL-13) in the tumor microenvironment and an increase of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs, leading to impaired antitumor activity in 2 different HCC models. MDSCs efficiently suppressed the cytotoxic activity of CIKs in vitro. In contrast, treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor reversed the MDSC suppressor function via ARG1 and iNOS blockade and systemic treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor prevented MDSC accumulation in the tumor microenvironment upon CIK cell therapy and increased its antitumor efficacy. Similar results were observed when human CIKs were tested in vitro in the presence of CD14+HLA-DR-/low MDSCs. Treatment of MDSCs with a PDE5 inhibitor suppressed MDSC suppressor function and enhanced CIK activity against human HCC cell lines in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that targeting MDSCs is an efficient strategy to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CIKs for the treatment of patients with HCC. LAY SUMMARY Cytokine-induced killer cells are a mixture of immune cells given to eliminate cancer cells. However, not all patients respond to this treatment. Herein, we show in 2 different liver cancer models that myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased in response to cytokine-induced killer cell therapy. Targeting these myeloid-derived suppressor cells may provide an additional therapeutic benefit alongside cytokine-induced killer cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jong Yu
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Ma
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zachary J. Brown
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Milan Sandhu
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiong Fu
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Agdashian
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Umberto Rosato
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tim F. Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program
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109
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Hetta HF, Zahran AM, Mansor SG, Abdel-Malek MO, Mekky MA, Abbas WA. Frequency and Implications of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and lymphocyte subsets in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1319-1328. [PMID: 30761547 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a pivotal role in tumor immunity and induction of immune tolerance to a variety of antitumor effectors, including T lymphocytes. Herein, we tried to evaluate the frequency and clinical significance of MDSCs and different lymphocyte subsets in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Four groups were enrolled; chronic HCV (CHC; n = 40), HCV-related liver cirrhosis (n = 40), HCV-related HCC (HCV-HCC; n = 75), and healthy control group (n = 20). The percentage of peripheral lymphocytes subsets and total MDSCs with their main two subsets; monocytic (M-MDSCs) and granulocytic (G-MDSCs) was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The frequency of total MSDCs and M-MDSCs was significantly elevated in HCV-HCC especially patients with advanced stage HCC compared with those with early-stage HCC. The frequency of total MSDCs and M-MDSCs was positively correlated with ALT, AFP, and HCV viral load and negatively correlated with CD8+ T-cell frequency. CD4 + T cells were significantly decreased in HCV-HCC patients. The frequency of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells was negatively correlated with AFP and AST, but not with albumin or HCV viral load. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that MDSCs, M-MDSCs, and lymphocyte subsets are associated with the development and progression of HCV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F Hetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shima G Mansor
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Abdel-Malek
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Mekky
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael A Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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110
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the patients with liver resection for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2269. [PMID: 30783140 PMCID: PMC6381172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver resection remains the popular treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to explore the alteration of immune cells in HCC patients with liver resections. Nineteen patients were included and their peripheral blood samples were taken before and after liver resections for immune-cell analysis. The clinical characteristics showed that the median diameter of the resected tumors was 7.5 cm with a range from 1.4 to 16.5 cm. The analysis of immune cells showed that the percentage of CD4+ T-cells were not altered by liver resection, but the percentage of CD8+ T-cell was decreased from 31.7 ± 12.4% to 20.2 ± 10.4% at one week after liver resection (p = 0.006). For immunosuppressor cells, regulatory T-cells were not altered, but myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were decreased from 7.75 ± 8.16% to 1.51 ± 1.32% at one month after liver resection (p = 0.022) in 10 of 19 patients with high frequency of MDSC. Furthermore, it was also found that MDSC population was linearly correlated to tumor volume. In conclusion, CD8+ T-cells and MDSC were altered by liver resection. The percentage of CD8+ T-cells was decreased by surgery, but the accumulation of MDSC was abrogated.
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111
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Gao M, Huang A, Sun Z, Sun Y, Chang B, Zhang JY, Zou ZS. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell population increases with the severity of alcoholic liver disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:2032-2041. [PMID: 30585398 PMCID: PMC6378203 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a progressive liver disease that can cause a series of complications, including cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Granulocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (gMDSC) populations have been observed to expand in various liver diseases and to inhibit innate and adaptive immunity in patients with liver disease. However, the characteristics of gMDSCs in patients with ALD have not been studied. We studied 24 healthy controls (HCs) and 107 patients with ALD and found an accumulation of gMDSCs in the peripheral blood of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC). Furthermore, ALC patients with a poor prognosis displayed a significant increase in peripheral gMDSCs and showed an increased capacity for arginase I production compared to HCs. In contrast, plasma arginase I levels in ALC patients were negatively correlated with total bilirubin and international normalized ratio, two key parameters of liver damage. Importantly, gMDSCs accumulated in the livers of ALC patients, and the frequency of liver gMDSCs significantly correlated with that of peripheral gMDSCs. In addition, gMDSC enrichment in vitro significantly inhibited the function of natural killer (NK) cells, perhaps preventing the NK‐induced apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells. In summary, increased peripheral and intrahepatic gMDSC populations are present in patients with ALC and may contribute to enhancing the severity of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Gao
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Huang
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Sun
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Binxia Chang
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Zou
- Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Center of Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
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112
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Liu YT, Tseng TC, Soong RS, Peng CY, Cheng YH, Huang SF, Chuang TH, Kao JH, Huang LR. A novel spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model for studying T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:144. [PMID: 30526672 PMCID: PMC6286542 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has ushered in a new era of cancer therapy, and this is also applicable to therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this context, effective development of therapeutic strategies requires an HCC mouse model with known tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and an HCC growth reporter. We created such a model using hydrodynamic injection and a transposon system to introduce AKT and NRAS and open reading frames (ORFs) encoding surrogate tumor antigens and luciferase into chromosomes of hepatocytes to induce nodular and diffuse tumors in the liver. TAA-specific CD8+ T cells were detected during HCC progression; however, these showed exhausted-like phenotypes and were unable to control tumor growth. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) from the tumor microenvironment were found to contribute to the suppression of the CD8+ T-cell response. The transposon-based Akt/N-Ras-induced HCC mouse model we developed enables researchers to monitor tumor growth non-invasively and to quantify and characterize endogenous or adoptively transferred TAA-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. These features make it a suitable preclinical model for exploration and evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and cell-based immunotherapies for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chung Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shyang Soong
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Peng
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Feng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Rung Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Huang J, Yi H, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Liu B, He P, Zhou M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling ameliorates dysfunctional immunity in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3191-3202. [PMID: 30349227 PMCID: PMC6186765 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s175145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist – liraglutide (LIR) – is an insulin secretagogue for the treatment of diabetes and has been proven to have therapeutic potential in the treatment of COPD. Evidence suggested that activating GLP-1R signaling might have immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory effects. COPD is characterized by dysregulation of immunity, oxidative stress, and excessive inflammation responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GLP-1R signaling had a regulatory role in COPD immunity. Patients and methods Fifty-seven COPD patients in a stable condition and 51 age-, sex-, and smoking history-matched non-COPD subjects provided blood samples for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). GLP-1R expression was measured, and its association with clinical parameters and plasma cytokines was analyzed. T cell function was assessed at baseline and after regulating GLP-1R expression. Results GLP-1R expression decreased in circulating PBMCs of COPD patients, which was associated with decreased interferon (IFN)-γ expression. Reduced IFN-γ production stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and increased programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression on T cells were observed in COPD patients compared with non-COPD subjects. Treatment with LIR could upregulate the GLP-1R expression, and this was observed to restore the antigen-stimulated IFN-γ production and downregulate PD-1 expression in T cells. Conclusion PBMCs of COPD patients showed defective GLP-1R signaling and functional T-lymphocyte abnormalities that could be rescued by LIR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huahua Yi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chunliu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Luwan Branch, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ping He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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Lv Y, Cui M, Lv Z, Lu J, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Gao L, Tsuji NM, Yan H. Expression and significance of peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic hepatitis B patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:462-469. [PMID: 29753730 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exert their suppressive effects on multiple immune response and contribute to the development of many diseases. However, limited data is available on the involvement of MDSCs in human chronic HBV infection. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the progression of chronic HBV infection was associated with imbalance of MDSCs. METHODS The percentages of MDSCs, regulatory T (Treg), Th1 and Tc1 cells in the peripheral blood from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and healthy controls (HC) were determined by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The potential association of the frequencies of MDSCs with clinical parameters was assessed. RESULTS The percentages of MDSCs and Treg cells were significantly higher in CHB patients than those in HC. The percentages of MDSCs were negatively correlated with Th1 cells. Increased plasma IL-10 level and decreased IFN-γ level were found in CHB patients compared with HC. Moreover, the frequencies of MDSCs and plasma IL-10 levels were positively correlated with serum HBV DNA loads, as well as liver function impairment. CONCLUSION The expanded peripheral MDSCs may contribute to poor viral clearance and disease progression during chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lv
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, 42, Tanan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - M Cui
- Department of Liver and Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Z Lv
- Graduate College of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - J Lu
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, 42, Tanan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - X Zhang
- Graduate College of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Liver and Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Liver and Digestive Disease, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - L Gao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - N M Tsuji
- Biomedical Research Institude, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - H Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, 42, Tanan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China.
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115
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Vermeersch E, Liénart S, Collignon A, Lucas S, Gallimore A, Gysemans C, Unutmaz D, Vanhoorelbeke K, De Meyer SF, Maes W, Deckmyn H. Deletion of GARP on mouse regulatory T cells is not sufficient to inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:129-133. [PMID: 30093071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GARP is a transmembrane protein that presents latent TGF-β1 on the surface of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Neutralizing anti-GARP monoclonal antibodies that prevent the release of active TGF-β1, inhibit the immunosuppressive activity of human Tregs in vivo. In this study, we investigated the contribution of GARP on mouse Tregs to immunosuppression in experimental tumors. Unexpectedly, Foxp3 conditional garp knockout (KO) mice challenged orthotopically with GL261 tumor cells or subcutaneously with MC38 colon carcinoma cells did not show prolonged survival or delayed tumor growth. Also, the suppressive function of KO Tregs was similar to that of wild type Tregs in the T cell transfer model in allogeneic, immunodeficient mice. In conclusion, garp deletion in mouse Tregs is not sufficient to impair their immunosuppressive activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vermeersch
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - S Liénart
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Collignon
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Lucas
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Gallimore
- Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - C Gysemans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Unutmaz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - K Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - S F De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - W Maes
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - H Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium.
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Zheng X, Zhou Y, Yi X, Chen C, Wen C, Ye G, Li X, Tang L, Zhang X, Yang F, Liu G, Li Y, Hou J. IL-21 receptor signaling is essential for control of hepatocellular carcinoma growth and immunological memory for tumor challenge. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1500673. [PMID: 30524894 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1500673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical inflammation-associated cancer. IL-21 regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses and has key roles in antitumor and antiviral responses. However, the role of IL-21 in HCC development is poorly defined. In the current study, we explored the role of IL-21R signaling in HCC growth by using IL-21R knockout mice and HCC mouse models. We discovered that IL-21R signaling deficiency promoted HCC growth in tumor-bearing mice. We showed that IL-21R deletion reduced T cells infiltration and activation as well as their function but increased the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor tissues to enhance HCC growth. Furthermore, loss of IL-21R signaling in tumor-bearing mice resulted in an imbalance of the systemic immune system characterized by decreased antitumor immune cells and increased immunosuppressive cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. In addition, we revealed that IL-21R signaling is critical for the expansion of antitumor immune cells in the memory immune response to tumor rechallenge. Finally, we showed that the transcriptional levels of IL-21 in the peritumoral region and IL-21R within the tumor are associated with survival and recurrence of HCC patients. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that IL-21R signaling is essential for controlling the development of HCC and immunological memory response to tumor challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Yang
- Liver Disease Research Center, The 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangze Liu
- Liver Disease Research Center, The 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yan X, Zhang S, Deng Y, Wang P, Hou Q, Xu H. Prognostic Factors for Checkpoint Inhibitor Based Immunotherapy: An Update With New Evidences. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1050. [PMID: 30294272 PMCID: PMC6159743 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) based immunotherapy (i.e., anit-CTLA-4/PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies) can effectively prolong overall survival of patients across several cancer types at the advanced stage. However, only part of patients experience objective responses from such treatments, illustrating large individual differences in terms of both efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Through the observation on a series of CPI based clinical trials in independent patient cohorts, associations of multiple clinical and molecular characteristics with CPI response rate have been determined, including microenvironment, genomic alterations of the cancer cells, and even gut microbiota. A broad interest has been drawn to the question whether and how these prognostic factors can be used as biomarkers for optimal usage of CPIs in precision immunotherapy. Therefore, we reviewed the candidate prognostic factors identified by multiple trials and the experimental investigations, especially those reported in the recent 2 years, and described the possibilities and problems of them in routine clinical usage of cancer treatment as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouyue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.,Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
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118
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Xin L, Gao J, Ge X, Tian C, Ma W, Tian Z, Zheng X, Hou J. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokine-secreting regulatory T cells are correlated with the plasticity of T helper cell differentiation and reflect disease status in asthma. Respir Med 2018; 143:129-138. [PMID: 30261984 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a heterogeneous population which consists of three distinct subpopulations: CD25+CD45RA+ resting Treg (rTreg) cells; CD25hiCD45RA- activated Treg (aTreg) cells, which are both suppressive; and CD25+CD45RA- cytokine-secreting T cells with pro-inflammatory capacity. OBJECTIVE We investigated variation in peripheral Treg subpopulations of asthma and explored their potential roles in asthma inflammation. METHODS Twenty-eight mild asthma patients, 26 moderate asthma patients, 18 severe asthma patients, and 36 healthy controls were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Phenotyping of peripheral CD4+ Tregs was performed based on flow cytometry results. RESULTS The proportions of rTreg and aTreg cells among CD4+ T cells were higher in mild and moderate asthma patients than in healthy controls. All three groups of asthmatics had a higher proportion of pro-inflammatory Tregs than healthy controls, and these increased with asthma severity. The proportion of IL-17-producing Foxp3+ cells and IFN-ɤ-producing Foxp3+ cells strongly correlated with T helper 17 (Th17) cells (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and Th1 cells (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). The pro-inflammatory Treg subpopulation was correlated with the severity of asthma and may be insensitive to corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that pro-inflammatory Treg subpopulations may be relevant to the plasticity of Th17 and Th1 differentiation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xin
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xiahui Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Weirong Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xiwei Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
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119
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Delaune V, Orci LA, Lacotte S, Peloso A, Schrenzel J, Lazarevic V, Toso C. Fecal microbiota transplantation: a promising strategy in preventing the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and improving the anti-cancer immune response. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:1061-1071. [PMID: 30173562 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1518424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has the potential to progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, limited therapies are currently available for the treatment of advanced HCC, and one must strive to search for novel strategies. AREAS COVERED We provide insight on current knowledge related to gut microbiota and NAFLD, summarize the sequence linking obesity to HCC and highlight gut dysbiosis in obesity and its consequences on the liver. We detail the impact of the gut microbiota on immune checkpoint inhibitors, and speculate on the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in NAFLD and in improving anti-neoplastic immune response. EXPERT OPINION Manipulation of the gut microbiota seems promising in the secondary prevention of NAFLD/NASH and/or in potentiating anti-cancer immune response, notably by a global 'resetting' using FMT. However, the composition of a 'harmful' gut microbiome in HCC still needs to be characterized, and the impact of FMT on HCC growth needs to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaihere Delaune
- a Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo A Orci
- a Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Lacotte
- a Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Peloso
- b Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- c Departments of Infectious Diseases and of Laboratory Medicine , Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Lazarevic
- d Genomic Research Laboratory , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- a Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
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120
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Zhang Q, Lou Y, Bai XL, Liang TB. Immunometabolism: A novel perspective of liver cancer microenvironment and its influence on tumor progression. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3500-3512. [PMID: 30131656 PMCID: PMC6102497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation and progression of liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, are dependent on its tumor microenvironment. Immune cells are key players in the liver cancer microenvironment and show complicated crosstalk with cancer cells. Emerging evidence has shown that the functions of immune cells are closely related to cell metabolism. However, the effects of metabolic changes of immune cells on liver cancer progression are largely undefined. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of immunometabolism and relate these findings to liver cancer progression. We also explore the translation of the understanding of immunometabolism for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Li Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting-Bo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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121
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Miyazono K, Katsuno Y, Koinuma D, Ehata S, Morikawa M. Intracellular and extracellular TGF-β signaling in cancer: some recent topics. Front Med 2018; 12:387-411. [PMID: 30043220 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β regulates a wide variety of cellular responses, including cell growth arrest, apoptosis, cell differentiation, motility, invasion, extracellular matrix production, tissue fibrosis, angiogenesis, and immune function. Although tumor-suppressive roles of TGF-β have been extensively studied and well-characterized in many cancers, especially at early stages, accumulating evidence has revealed the critical roles of TGF-β as a pro-tumorigenic factor in various types of cancer. This review will focus on recent findings regarding epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β, in relation to crosstalk with some other signaling pathways, and the roles of TGF-β in lung and pancreatic cancers, in which TGF-β has been shown to be involved in cancer progression. Recent findings also strongly suggested that targeting TGF-β signaling using specific inhibitors may be useful for the treatment of some cancers. TGF-β plays a pivotal role in the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). TGF-β is produced as latent high molecular weight complexes, and the latent TGF-β complex expressed on the surface of Tregs contains glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP, also known as leucine-rich repeat containing 32 or LRRC32). Inhibition of the TGF-β activities through regulation of the latent TGF-β complex activation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yoko Katsuno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Okla K, Wertel I, Wawruszak A, Bobiński M, Kotarski J. Blood-based analyses of cancer: Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells - is a new era coming? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 55:376-407. [PMID: 29927668 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2018.1477729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progress in cancer treatment made by the beginning of the 21st century has shifted the paradigm from one-size-fits-all to tailor-made treatment. The popular vision, to study solid tumors through the relatively noninvasive sampling of blood, is one of the most thrilling and rapidly advancing fields in global cancer diagnostics. From this perspective, immune-cell analysis in cancer could play a pivotal role in oncology practice. This approach is driven both by rapid technological developments, including the analysis of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (cMDSCs), and by the increasing application of (immune) therapies, the success or failure of which may depend on effective and timely measurements of relevant biomarkers. Although the implementation of these powerful noninvasive diagnostic capabilities in guiding precision cancer treatment is poised to change the ways in which we select and monitor cancer therapy, challenges remain. Here, we discuss the challenges associated with the analysis and clinical aspects of cMDSCs and assess whether the problems in implementing tumor-evolution monitoring as a global tool in personalized oncology can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Okla
- a 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Tumor Immunology Laboratory , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Iwona Wertel
- a 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Tumor Immunology Laboratory , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Marcin Bobiński
- a 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Tumor Immunology Laboratory , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- a 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Tumor Immunology Laboratory , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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Cao H, Zhang R, Zhang W. CTLA‑4 interferes with the HBV‑specific T cell immune response (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:703-712. [PMID: 29786112 PMCID: PMC6034931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatic inflammation. Successful HBV clearance in patients is associated with sustained viral control by effector T cells. Compared with acute hepatitis B, chronic HBV infection is associated with the depletion of T cells, resulting in weak or absent virus-specific T cells reactivity, which is described as 'exhaustion'. This exhaustion is characterized by impaired cytokine production and sustained expression of multiple coinhibitory molecules. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is one of many coinhibitory molecules that can attenuate T cell activation by inhibiting costimulation and transmitting inhibitory signals to T cells. Persistent HBV infection results in the upregulation of CTLA-4 on hepatic CD8+ T cells. This prompts CD8+ T cell apoptosis, and the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes is blocked. Similar to CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T helper (Th) cell proliferation is hindered following CTLA-4 upregulation. In addition, the differentiation of CD4+ Th is polarized toward the Th2/peripherally-inducible T regulatory cell types, increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the activation of proinflammatory cells (Th1 and follicular helper T) is blocked, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines decline. This review summarizes the current literature relevant to T cell exhaustion in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis, and discusses the roles of CTLA-4 in T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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124
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Zhou J, Liu M, Sun H, Feng Y, Xu L, Chan AWH, Tong JH, Wong J, Chong CCN, Lai PBS, Wang HKS, Tsang SW, Goodwin T, Liu R, Huang L, Chen Z, Sung JJY, Chow KL, To KF, Cheng ASL. Hepatoma-intrinsic CCRK inhibition diminishes myeloid-derived suppressor cell immunosuppression and enhances immune-checkpoint blockade efficacy. Gut 2018; 67:931-944. [PMID: 28939663 PMCID: PMC5961939 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment and immune-checkpoint blockade resistance. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal functions of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in tumour immunity. Here we elucidated the role of tumour-intrinsic CDK20, or cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) on immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DESIGN Immunosuppression of MDSCs derived from patients with HCC and relationship with CCRK were determined by flow cytometry, expression analyses and co-culture systems. Mechanistic studies were also conducted in liver-specific CCRK-inducible transgenic (TG) mice and Hepa1-6 orthotopic HCC models using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Ccrk depletion and liver-targeted nanoparticles for interleukin (IL) 6 trapping. Tumorigenicity and immunophenotype were assessed on single or combined antiprogrammed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy. RESULTS Tumour-infiltrating CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR- MDSCs from patients with HCC potently inhibited autologous CD8+T cell proliferation. Concordant overexpression of CCRK and MDSC markers (CD11b/CD33) positively correlated with poorer survival rates. Hepatocellular CCRK stimulated immunosuppressive CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR- MDSC expansion from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells through upregulating IL-6. Mechanistically, CCRK activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and facilitated NF-κB-EZH2 co-binding to IL-6 promoter. Hepatic CCRK induction in TG mice activated the EZH2/NF-κB/IL-6 cascade, leading to accumulation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) MDSCs with potent T cell suppressive activity. In contrast, inhibiting tumorous Ccrk or hepatic IL-6 increased interferon γ+tumour necrosis factor-α+CD8+ T cell infiltration and impaired tumorigenicity, which was rescued by restoring PMN-MDSCs. Notably, tumorous Ccrk depletion upregulated PD-L1 expression and increased intratumorous CD8+ T cells, thus enhancing PD-L1 blockade efficacy to eradicate HCC. CONCLUSION Our results delineate an immunosuppressive mechanism of the hepatoma-intrinsic CCRK signalling and highlight an overexpressed kinase target whose inhibition might empower HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanyong Sun
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joanna H Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hector Kwong-Sang Wang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shun-Wa Tsang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tyler Goodwin
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph JY Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - King Lau Chow
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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125
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Greten TF, Korangy F. CDK20 inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade: bringing cancer biology and tumour immunology together to develop novel treatment options for HCC. Gut 2018; 67:783-784. [PMID: 29066575 PMCID: PMC6347020 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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126
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Harding JJ. Immune checkpoint blockade in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: an update and critical review of ongoing clinical trials. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2293-2302. [PMID: 29663837 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are evolving rapidly and several multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated a survival advantage over best supportive care. Despite these treatment advances, the majority of HCC patients will progress on tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Preclinical data indicate that interference with immune checkpoint molecules results in HCC growth suppression. Several clinical trials applying monoclonal antibodies to immune checkpoint molecules have demonstrated durable antitumor activity in advanced HCC patients. As such, pivotal clinical trials are now in progress to assess if these agents will alter the natural history of the disease and further extend the overall survival of advanced HCC patients. This manuscript will review the current status of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Harding
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10028, USA
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127
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Erstad DJ, Fuchs BC, Tanabe KK. Molecular signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma: A step toward rationally designed cancer therapy. Cancer 2018; 124:3084-3104. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Erstad
- Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBoston Massachusetts
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Division of Surgical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Surgical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston Massachusetts
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128
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Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver and gastrointestinal system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:206-221. [PMID: 29382950 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have an important role during infection by helping neutrophils to capture and kill pathogens. However, evidence is accumulating that uncontrolled or excessive production of NETs is related to the exacerbation of inflammation and the development of autoimmunity, cancer metastasis and inappropriate thrombosis. In this Review, we focus on the role of NETs in the liver and gastrointestinal system, outlining their protective and pathological effects. The latest mechanistic insights in NET formation, interactions between microorganisms and NETs and the relationship between neutrophil subtypes and their functions are also discussed. Additionally, we describe the potential importance of NET-related molecules, including cell-free DNA and hypercitrullinated histones, as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention in gastrointestinal diseases.
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129
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Fujimoto H, Saito Y, Ohuchida K, Kawakami E, Fujiki S, Watanabe T, Ono R, Kaneko A, Takagi S, Najima Y, Hijikata A, Cui L, Ueki T, Oda Y, Hori S, Ohara O, Nakamura M, Saito T, Ishikawa F. Deregulated Mucosal Immune Surveillance through Gut-Associated Regulatory T Cells and PD-1 + T Cells in Human Colorectal Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3291-3303. [PMID: 29581358 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed balance between immune surveillance and tolerance may lead to poor clinical outcomes in some malignancies. In paired analyses of adenocarcinoma and normal mucosa from 142 patients, we found a significant increase of the CD4/CD8 ratio and accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the adenocarcinoma. The increased frequency of Tregs correlated with the local infiltration and extension of the tumor. There was concurrent maturation arrest, upregulation of programmed death-1 expression, and functional impairment in CD8+ T cells (CTLs) isolated from the adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma-associated Tregs directly inhibit the function of normal human CTLs in vitro. With histopathological analysis, Foxp3+ Tregs were preferentially located in stroma. Concurrent transcriptome analysis of epithelial cells, stromal cells, and T cell subsets obtained from carcinomatous and normal intestinal samples from patients revealed a distinct gene expression signature in colorectal adenocarcinoma-associated Tregs, with overexpression of CCR1, CCR8, and TNFRSF9, whereas their ligands CCL4 and TNFSF9 were found upregulated in cancerous epithelium. Overexpression of WNT2 and CADM1, associated with carcinogenesis and metastasis, in cancer-associated stromal cells suggests that both cancer cells and stromal cells play important roles in the development and progression of colorectal cancer through the formation of a tumor microenvironment. The identification of CTL anergy by Tregs and the unique gene expression signature of human Tregs and stromal cells in colorectal cancer patients may facilitate the development of new therapeutics against malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Fujimoto
- Department of Immune Regulation Research, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan.,Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoriko Saito
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- RIKEN Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Saera Fujiki
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ono
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Kaneko
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Takagi
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuho Najima
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hijikata
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Lin Cui
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueki
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shohei Hori
- Laboratory for Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Human Genome Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;
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130
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Neutrophil count is associated with myeloid derived suppressor cell level and presents prognostic value of for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24380-24388. [PMID: 28412745 PMCID: PMC5421855 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell (MDSC) has been raised to be a novel target for multiple cancers. However, target agents on MDSC have not display promising efficacy. One of the critical reasons shall be less optimal patient selection. In the present study, we aimed to identify clinical parameters relevant to MDSC level in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients for future MDSC targeted therapy. In the present study, a series of 55 HCC patients (testing group) and 20 healthy donors were analyzed investigating frequencies of MDSC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). As a result, we found that MDSC level was increased in HCC patients compared to healthy donors (10.33% vs 1.54%, p < 0.0001). The monocytes (r2 = 0.2875, p < 0.0001), neutrophils (r2 = 0.3630, p < 0.0001) and platelet counts (r2 = 0.0828, p = 0.0331) in circulation was positively associated with MDSC level. Then, the prognostic value of the above predictors was determined in a retrospective database of 255 HCC patients (validation group). The baseline characteristics of testing and validation group were similar. Multivariate analysis by Cox regression revealed that neutrophil count was an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) (p = 0.000, HR 1.065, 95% CI 1.028–1.103), with the rest parameters failed to reach a significant result. In summary, the present study firstly identified blood neutrophil counts was a predictor of MDSC level in PBMC for HCC patients. And, patients with higher neutrophil count level might be the optimal patient subgroup for MDSC targeted therapy.
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131
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Metelli A, Salem M, Wallace CH, Wu BX, Li A, Li X, Li Z. Immunoregulatory functions and the therapeutic implications of GARP-TGF-β in inflammation and cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:24. [PMID: 29458436 PMCID: PMC5819195 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GARP (glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant) is a type I transmembrane cell surface docking receptor for latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that is abundantly expressed on regulatory T lymphocytes and platelets. GARP regulates the availability of membrane-bound latent TGF-β and modulates its activation. For this reason, GARP expression on immune and non-immune cells is involved in maintaining peripheral tolerance. It plays an important role in preventing inflammatory diseases such as allergy and graft versus host disease (GvHD). GARP is also frequently hijacked by cancer cells to promote oncogenesis. This review summarizes the most important features of GARP biology described to date including gene regulation, protein expression and mechanism in activating latent TGF-β, and the function of GARP in regulatory T cell biology and peripheral tolerance, as well as GARP’s increasingly recognized roles in platelet-mediated cancer immune evasion. The promise for GARP-targeted strategy as a novel immunotherapy of cancer is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Metelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Mohammad Salem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Caroline H Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Bill X Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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132
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Yang X, Lun Y, Jiang H, Liu X, Duan Z, Xin S, Zhang J. SIRT1-Regulated Abnormal Acetylation of FOXP3 Induces Regulatory T-Cell Function Defect in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Thyroid 2018; 28:246-256. [PMID: 29336238 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by low expression of transcription factor Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) and functional deficiency of a cluster of differentiation regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Treg dysfunction in HT. METHODS The number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry. Expression of FOXP3 and Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Acetylation of FOXP3 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. The suppressive function of Treg was analyzed by the 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay. RESULTS The percentage of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells, expression of FOXP3, and FOXP3 acetylation level in the HT group were significantly lower than in the control groups. Conversely, SIRT1 expression was significantly higher in the HT group than in the other two groups. After Ex-527 treatment, the CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells percentage, FOXP3 expression, and FOXP3 acetylation level in the HT group were significantly increased. HT Tregs exhibited less suppressive activity, but Ex-527 treatment significantly increased their suppressive activity. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that the reduced FOXP3 expression level and Treg function defect in HT patients are regulated by SIRT1-mediated abnormal FOXP3 acetylation. Ex-527 may upregulate the FOXP3 acetylation level and subsequently increase the number and suppressive function of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Duan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, P.R. China
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133
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Lee S, Loecher M, Iyer R. Immunomodulation in hepatocellular cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:208-219. [PMID: 29564186 PMCID: PMC5848038 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest growing malignancy in the United States in relation to mortality. HCC relies on a complex immunosuppressive network to modify the host immune system and evade destruction. Intrinsic to the liver's function and anatomy, native hepatic and immune cells produce many inhibitory cytokines that promote tolerogenicity and limit immune response. Since the introduction of sorafenib in 2008, no treatment has been able to demonstrate improved survival in patients with advanced HCC post disease progression treated with sorafenib. More recent studies have shown that sorafenib has an immunomodulatory function in addition to inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases. Clinical trials have aimed to further enhance this immunomodulatory function with other treatments, most promisingly immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, ongoing studies are using combinatorial approaches with immunomodulatory treatment and liver directed therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation. This article will review recent data describing the immunosuppressive network in HCC, recent results of immunotherapies, and combinatorial approaches to treat advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Loecher
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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GARP: a surface molecule of regulatory T cells that is involved in the regulatory function and TGF-β releasing. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42826-42836. [PMID: 27095576 PMCID: PMC5173174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many molecules that define regulatory T cells (Tregs) phenotypically and functionally. Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) is a transmembrane protein containing leucine rich repeats. Recently, GARP is found to express highly on the surface of activated Tregs. The combination of GARP and other surface molecules isolates Tregs with higher purity. Besides, GARP is a cell surface molecule of Tregs that maintains their regulatory function and homeosatsis. GARP has also been proved to promote the activation and secretion of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Moreover, its potential value in cancer immunotherapy is also discussed in this work.
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135
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NF-kappaB: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010024. [PMID: 29315242 PMCID: PMC5793177 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor family that regulates a large number of genes that are involved in important physiological processes, including survival, inflammation, and immune responses. More recently, constitutive expression of NF-κB has been associated with several types of cancer. In addition, microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, cooperate in the activation of NF-κB in tumors, confirming the multifactorial role of this transcription factor as a cancer driver. Recent reports have shown that the NF-κB signaling pathway should receive attention for the development of therapies. In addition to the direct effects of NF-κB in cancer cells, it might also impact immune cells that can both promote or prevent tumor development. Currently, with the rise of cancer immunotherapy, the link among immune cells, inflammation, and cancer is a major focus, and NF-κB could be an important regulator for the success of these therapies. This review discusses the contrasting roles of NF-κB as a regulator of pro- and antitumor processes and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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136
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Nan J, Xing YF, Hu B, Tang JX, Dong HM, He YM, Ruan DY, Ye QJ, Cai JR, Ma XK, Chen J, Cai XR, Lin ZX, Wu XY, Li X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced LOX-1 + CD15 + polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunology 2017; 154:144-155. [PMID: 29211299 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent study indicated that Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) was a distinct surface marker for human polymorphisms myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC). The present study was aimed to investigate the existence LOX-1 PMN-MDSC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. One hundred and twenty-seven HCC patients, 10 patients with mild active chronic hepatitis B, 10 liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, 10 liver dysplastic node with hepatitis B and 50 health control were included. LOX-1+ CD15+ PMN-MDSC were significantly elevated in HCC patients compared with healthy control and patients with benign diseases. LOX-1+ CD15+ PMN-MDSC in circulation were positively associated with those in HCC tissues. LOX-1+ CD15+ PMN-MDSCs significantly reduced proliferation and IFN-γ production of T cells with a dosage dependent manner with LOX-1- CD15+ PMNs reached negative results. The suppression on T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production was reversed by ROS inhibitor and Arginase inhibitor. ROS level and activity of arginase of LOX-1 + CD15+ PMN were higher in LOX-1+ CD15+ PMN-MDSCs than LOX-1- CD15+ PMNs, as well as the expression of the NADPH oxidase NOX2 and arginase I. RNA sequence revealed that LOX-1+ CD15+ PMN-MDSCs displayed significantly higher expression of spliced X-box -binding protein 1 (sXBP1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker. ER stress inducer induced LOX-1 expression and suppressive function for CD15+ PMN from health donor. For HCC patients, LOX-1+ CD15+ PMN-MDSCs were positively related to overall survival. Above all, LOX-1+ CD15+ PMN-MDSC were elevated in HCC patients and suppressed T cell proliferation through ROS/Arg I pathway induced by ER stress. They presented positive association with the prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Nan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Liver Surgery and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Liver Surgery and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mei He
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yun Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Jian Ye
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Rong Cai
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Rong Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Xiao Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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137
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Abd Al Samid M, Chaudhary B, Khaled YS, Ammori BJ, Elkord E. Combining FoxP3 and Helios with GARP/LAP markers can identify expanded Treg subsets in cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14083-94. [PMID: 26885615 PMCID: PMC4924699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) comprise numerous heterogeneous subsets with distinct phenotypic and functional features. Identifying Treg markers is critical to investigate the role and clinical impact of various Treg subsets in pathological settings, and also for developing more effective immunotherapies. We have recently shown that non-activated FoxP3−Helios+ and activated FoxP3+/–Helios+ CD4+ T cells express GARP/LAP immunosuppressive markers in healthy donors. In this study we report similar observations in the peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) and liver metastases from colorectal cancer (LICRC). Comparing levels of different Treg subpopulations in cancer patients and controls, we report that in PC patients, and unlike LICRC patients, there was no increase in Treg levels as defined by FoxP3 and Helios. However, defining Tregs based on GARP/LAP expression showed that FoxP3−LAP+ Tregs in non-activated and activated settings, and FoxP3+Helios+GARP+LAP+ activated Tregs were significantly increased in both groups of patients, compared with controls. This work implies that a combination of Treg-specific markers could be used to more accurately determine expanded Treg subsets and to understand their contribution in cancer settings. Additionally, GARP−/+LAP+ CD4+ T cells made IL-10, and not IFN-γ, and levels of IL-10-secreting CD4+ T cells were elevated in LICRC patients, especially with higher tumor staging. Taken together, our results indicate that investigations of Treg levels in different cancers should consider diverse Treg-related markers such as GARP, LAP, Helios, and others and not only FoxP3 as a sole Treg-specific marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Abd Al Samid
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Belal Chaudhary
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yazan S Khaled
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Basil J Ammori
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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138
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Elsegood CL, Tirnitz-Parker JE, Olynyk JK, Yeoh GC. Immune checkpoint inhibition: prospects for prevention and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e161. [PMID: 29326816 PMCID: PMC5704099 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of liver cancer is rapidly rising, mostly as a result of the amplified incidence rates of viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse and obesity in recent decades. Treatment options for liver cancer are remarkably limited with sorafenib being the gold standard for advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma but offering extremely limited improvement of survival time. The immune system is now recognised as a key regulator of cancer development through its ability to protect against infection and chronic inflammation, which promote cancer development, and eliminate tumour cells when present. However, the tolerogenic nature of the liver means that the immune response to infection, chronic inflammation and tumour cells within the hepatic environment is usually ineffective. Here we review the roles that immune cells and cytokines have in the development of the most common primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We then examine how the immune system may be subverted throughout the stages of HCC development, particularly with respect to immune inhibitory molecules, also known as immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein-1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, which have become therapeutic targets. Finally, we assess preclinical and clinical studies where immune checkpoint inhibitors have been used to modify disease during the carcinogenic process. In conclusion, inhibitory molecule-based immunotherapy for HCC is in its infancy and further detailed research in relevant in vivo models is required before its full potential can be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn L Elsegood
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janina Ee Tirnitz-Parker
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John K Olynyk
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals, South Metropolitan Health Service, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - George Ct Yeoh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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139
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He C, Peng W, Li C, Wen TF. Postoperative aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio index change is an independent predictor of survival in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8540. [PMID: 29137062 PMCID: PMC5690755 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated preoperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) is reported to be a prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after treatment. However, [DELTA] ALRI which represents the change from postoperative ALRI to preoperative ALRI change has received little attention. The present study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of [DELTA] ALRI in small HCC patients after liver resection.A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze 241 patients with small HCC who underwent liver resection. Patients were divided into Group A ([DELTA] ALRI < 0, n = 142) and group B ([DELTA] ALRI ≥ 0, n = 99) according to postoperative ALRI change. Clinical data, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between the 2 groups, and a multivariate analysis was used to identify prognostic factors.The 1, 3, and 5-year OS rates were 96.5%, 84.9%, and 70.8%, respectively, for group A, and 94.9%, 75.8%, and 59.7%, respectively for group B (P = .014). The corresponding 1, 3, and 5-year RFS rates were 78.2%, 54.6%, and 52.3%, respectively, for group A, and 62.6%, 40.1%, 24.5%, respectively, for group B (P < .001). The results of univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that [DELTA] ALRI was an independent prognostic factor for both RFS (P < .001, hazard ratio [HR] 2.192, 95% confidence interval 1.527-3.147) and OS (P < .001, HR 2.381, 95% confidence interval 1.503-3.771).A positive [DELTA] ALRI after liver resection predicts decreased OS and RFS in patients with small HCC.
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140
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Song H, Liu S, Zhao Z, Sun W, Wei X, Ma X, Zhao P, Gao D. Increased cycles of DC/CIK immunotherapy decreases frequency of Tregs in patients with resected NSCLC. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:197-202. [PMID: 28941416 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress antitumor immune responses. Cycles of Dendritic cells (DC) vaccination combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (DC/CIK) treatment were significantly related with good prognosis. Therefore, we investigated whether increased cycles of immunotherapy could decrease frequency of Tregs in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous study from our laboratory has determined that the optimal cutoff point of the cycle count was 3cycles. We examined the levels of Tregs and the related cytokines by flow cytometric and cytokine analysis in these patients after more than (≥) 3cycles or less than (<) 3cycles of DC/CIK cell treatment. Significant reduction of Tregs frequency, Treg-generated cytokines level and recurrence rate were presented in patients received with ≥3cycles of DC/CIK cell treatment compared with patients with <3cycles of treatment. Interestingly, Tregs frequency and the related cytokines level were similar between patients suffered tumor recurrence and patients without recurrence in both groups. Together, our findings reveal that increased cycle count of DC/CIK cell immunotherapy contribute to decline of Tregs frequency and cancer recurrence rate in patients with resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Song
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ziyun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Daiqing Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
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141
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Hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1 promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cells accumulation through ENTPD2/CD39L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:517. [PMID: 28894087 PMCID: PMC5593860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) possess immunosuppressive activities, which allow cancers to escape immune surveillance and become non-responsive to immune checkpoints blockade. Here we report hypoxia as a cause of MDSC accumulation. Using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a cancer model, we show that hypoxia, through stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), induces ectoenzyme, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (ENTPD2/CD39L1), in cancer cells, causing its overexpression in HCC clinical specimens. Overexpression of ENTPD2 is found as a poor prognostic indicator for HCC. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ENTPD2 converts extracellular ATP to 5'-AMP, which prevents the differentiation of MDSCs and therefore promotes the maintenance of MDSCs. We further find that ENTPD2 inhibition is able to mitigate cancer growth and enhance the efficiency and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our data suggest that ENTPD2 may be a good prognostic marker and therapeutic target for cancer patients, especially those receiving immune therapy.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote tumor immune escape. Here, the authors show that in hepatocellular carcinoma, hypoxia induces the expression of ENTPD2 on cancer cells leading to elevated extracellular 5'-AMP, which in turn promote the maintenance of MDSCs by preventing their differentiation.
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142
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Moris D, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Zhang X, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Tsilimigras DI, Chakedis J, Argyrou C, Fung JJ, Pawlik TM. Program death-1 immune checkpoint and tumor microenvironment in malignant liver tumors. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:423-430. [PMID: 29113661 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic malignancies are one of the leading causes of cancer death globally. Considering the limited efficacy of current standard treatments in management of patients with advanced liver cancers, there has been a growing interest in identifying novel therapies. Despite achieving promising results in initial clinical trials, the therapeutic benefit of immunotherapy is limited due to strong immune-tolerogenic characteristics of liver tumors. Therapeutic regimens that impede tumor immunosuppressive mechanisms or elaborate tumor-specific immunity may improve clinical outcomes of patients with liver malignancies. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), an inhibitory checkpoint molecule, and its ligands (PD-L1 and -L2) are the main mediators of immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. The expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 may act as a biomarker to predict disease progression, as well as long-term survival. Furthermore, early trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 as an emerging field in the management of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. We herein review the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in the pathogenesis of liver malignancies, as well as its potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amir A Rahnemai-Azar
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - XuFeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jeffery Chakedis
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chrysoula Argyrou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John J Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine Transplant Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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143
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Gao XH, Tian L, Wu J, Ma XL, Zhang CY, Zhou Y, Sun YF, Hu B, Qiu SJ, Zhou J, Fan J, Guo W, Yang XR. Circulating CD14 + HLA-DR -/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells predicted early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:1061-1071. [PMID: 27764536 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of MDSCs for early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients undergoing curative resection. METHODS Myeloid-derived suppressor cells were measured by flow cytometry. The correlation between MDSCs and tumor recurrence was analyzed using a cohort of 183 patients who underwent curative resection between February 2014 and July 2015. Prognostic significance was further assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. RESULTS In vivo, CD14+ HLA-DR-/low MDSCs inhibit T cell proliferation and secretion. The frequency of CD14+ HLA-DR-/low MDSCs was significantly higher in HCC patients (3.7 ± 5.3%, n = 183) than in chronic hepatitis patients (1.4 ± 0.6%, n = 25) and healthy controls (1.1 ± 0.5%, n = 50). High frequency of MDSCs was significantly correlated with recurrence (time to recurrence) (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.034). Patients with HCC in the high MDSC group were prone to more vascular invasion (P = 0.018) and high systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (P = 0.009) than those in the low MDSC group. Scatter-plot analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between the SII level and the frequency of MDSCs (r = 0.188, P = 0.011). Patients with HCC with a high MDSC frequency and high SII level had significantly shorter time to recurrence (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.028) than those with a low MDSC frequency and low SII. CONCLUSIONS An increased frequency of MDSCs was correlated with early recurrence and predicted the prognosis of patients with HCC undergoing curative resection. The HCC patients with high frequency of MDSCs should be provided more advanced management and frequent monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Fan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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144
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Wu Q, Pi L, Le Trinh T, Zuo C, Xia M, Jiao Y, Hou Z, Jo S, Puszyk W, Pham K, Nelson DR, Robertson K, Ostrov D, Rameshwar P, Xia CQ, Liu C. A Novel Vaccine Targeting Glypican-3 as a Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2299-2308. [PMID: 28865999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide, with limited treatment options. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is overexpressed in most HCC tissues but not in normal tissues. GPC3-targeting antibody therapy shows limited response in a clinical trial due to the lack of a tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Here, in C57/B6 mice, we demonstrated that intravenous infusion of GPC3-coupled lymphocytes (LC/GPC3+) elicited robust GPC3-specific antibody and CTL responses, which effectively restricted proliferation and lysed cultured-HCC cells. Treatment with LC/GPC3+ induced durable tumor regression in HCC-bearing C57/B6 mice. Administration of LC/GPC3+ induced elevated levels of the cytotoxic T cell bioactive factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), granzyme B, and perforin, and substantially increased the number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues. Moreover, immune responses elicited by LC/GPC3+ selectively suppressed GPC3+ tumors, but didn't affect the GPC3- tumors in BALB/c mice. Our findings provide the first preclinical evidence that intravenous infusion of the LC/GPC3+ complex can induce a strong anti-HCC effect through regulating systemic and local immune responses. These results indicate that the LC/GPC3+ complex could be developed as precision therapeutics for HCC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thu Le Trinh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Province Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, P.R. China
| | - Man Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Province Cancer Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhouhua Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, P.R. China
| | - Sung Jo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - William Puszyk
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Keith Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 85259, USA
| | - David Ostrov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Chang Qing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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145
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Le Page A, Garneau H, Dupuis G, Frost EH, Larbi A, Witkowski JM, Pawelec G, Fülöp T. Differential Phenotypes of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor and T Regulatory Cells and Cytokine Levels in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Subjects Compared to Mild Alzheimer Diseased Patients. Front Immunol 2017; 8:783. [PMID: 28736551 PMCID: PMC5500623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia although the underlying cause(s) remains unknown at this time. However, neuroinflammation is believed to play an important role and suspected contributing immune parameters can be revealed in studies comparing patients at the stage of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to healthy age-matched individuals. A network of immune regulatory cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) maintains immune homeostasis but there are very few data on the role of these cells in AD. Here, we investigated the presence of these cells in the blood of subjects with aMCI and mild AD (mAD) in comparison with healthy age-matched controls. We also quantitated several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in sera which can influence the development and activation of these cells. We found significantly higher levels of MDSCs and Tregs in aMCI but not in mAD patients, as well as higher serum IL-1β levels. Stratifying the subjects based on CMV serostatus that is known to influence multiple immune parameters showed an absence of differences between aMCI subjects compared to mAD patients and healthy controls. We suggest that the increase in MDSCs and Tregs number in aMCI subjects may have a beneficial role in modulating inflammatory processes. However, this protective mechanism may have failed in mAD patients, allowing progression of the disease. This working hypothesis obviously requires testing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Le Page
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Garneau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric H Frost
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- ASTAR, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Medical Research University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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146
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Peng Q, Zhang J, Ye X, Zhou G. Tumor-like microenvironment in oral lichen planus: evidence of malignant transformation? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:635-643. [PMID: 28494213 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1295852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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147
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Zhang H, He G, Kong Y, Chen Y, Wang B, Sun X, Jia B, Xie X, Wang X, Chen D, Wei L, Zhang M, Zeng H, Chen H. Tumour-activated liver stromal cells regulate myeloid-derived suppressor cells accumulation in the liver. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:96-108. [PMID: 28019655 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating mechanisms underlying hepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation remain to be described. Here, we provide evidence for the involvement of tumour-activated liver stromal cells in the process of hepatic MDSCs migration and accumulation. Our data showed an elevated frequency of MDSCs in the liver of tumour-bearing mice. Moreover, tumour-activated liver stromal cells promote MDSC migration into the liver site. Further investigation indicated higher levels of cytokine and chemokine expression in liver stromal cells after exposure to the tumour-conditioned supernatant. Notably, the expression levels of proinflammatory factors, mainly including macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), increased after treatment with tumour-conditioned supernatant, and blockade of MCP-1 or SDF-1 decreased the proportion of tumour infiltrated MDSCs in mice co-transplanted with liver stromal cells and tumour cells, but not in mice with only tumour cells injection. These findings demonstrate that tumour-activated liver stromal cells produce higher levels of chemokines and cytokines, which may contribute to MDSC accumulation into the liver site in patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - G He
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Y Kong
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Y Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - B Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - X Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - B Jia
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - X Xie
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - D Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - L Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - M Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - H Zeng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - H Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China
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148
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Yang Q, Li X, Chen H, Cao Y, Xiao Q, He Y, Wei J, Zhou J. IRF7 regulates the development of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells through S100A9 transrepression in cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:2969-2980. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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149
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Yuan T, Jiang Y, Li M, Li W. Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance-related immune factors. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:49-59. [PMID: 27084584 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate aims of the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection are the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody seroconversion. Unfortunately, these goals are rarely reached. Many factors are associated with HBsAg seroconversion, including genetic, immune, and viral factors. However, the mechanism of HBsAg seroclearance, and particularly the immune mechanism, is still difficult to elucidate. The immune factor interferon-α is currently the main antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. However, a sustained shift from response of HBsAg to hepatitis B surface antibody seroconversion is rarely obtained. Recent studies have revealed that several of the newly identified immune factors are closely related to the removal of HBsAg. In this article, we review recent studies on these immune factors, their influence on hepatitis B progression, and HBsAg seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Li
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Liver Diseases Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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150
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Shevach EM. Garp as a therapeutic target for modulation of T regulatory cell function. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 21:191-200. [PMID: 28001437 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1275568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) play critical roles in immune homeostasis primarily by suppressing many aspects of the immune response. Tregs uniquely express GARP on their cell surface and GARP functions as a delivery system for latent TGF-β. As Treg-derived TGF-β may mediate the suppressive functions of Tregs, GARP may represent a target to inhibit Treg suppression in cancer or augment suppression in autoimmunity. Areas covered: This article will focus on 1) the role of Treg-derived TGF-β in the suppressive activity of Treg, 2) the cellular and molecular regulation of expression of GARP on mouse and human Tregs, 3) the role of integrins in the activation of latent-TGF-β/GARP complex, 4) an overview of our present understanding of the function of the latent-TGF-β/GARP complex. Expert opinion: Two approaches are outlined for targeting the L-TGF-β1/GARP complex for therapeutic purposes. Tregs play a major role in suppressive effector T cell responses to tumors and TGF-β1 may be a major contributor to this process. One approach is to specifically block the production of active TGF-β1 from Tregs as an adjunct to tumor immunotherapy. The second approach in autoimmunity is to selectively enhance the production of TGF-β by Tregs at sites of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Shevach
- a Laboratory of Immunology , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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