101
|
Higashi K, Yamada Y, Minatoguchi S, Baba S, Iwasa M, Kanamori H, Kawasaki M, Nishigaki K, Takemura G, Kumazaki M, Akao Y, Minatoguchi S. MicroRNA-145 repairs infarcted myocardium by accelerating cardiomyocyte autophagy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1813-26. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00709.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether microRNA-145 (miR-145) has a cardioprotective effect in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction (MI) and in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Rabbits underwent 30 min of coronary occlusion, followed by 2 days or 2 wk of reperfusion. Control microRNA (control group; 2.5 nmol/kg, n = 10) or miR-145 (miR-145 group, 2.5 nmol/kg, n = 10) encapsulated in liposomes was intravenously administered immediately after the start of reperfusion. H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were transfected with miR-145. The MI size was significantly smaller in the miR-145 group than in the control group at 2 days and 2 wk post-MI. miR-145 had improved the cardiac function and remodeling at 2 wk post-MI. These effects were reversed by chloroquine. Western blot analysis showed that miR-145 accelerated the transition of LC3B I to II and downregulated p62/SQSTM1 at 2 days or 2 wk after MI, but not at 4 wk, and activated Akt in the ischemic area at 2 days after MI. miR-145 inhibited the growth of H9c2 cells, accelerated the transition of LC3B I to II, and increased phosphorylated Akt in the H9c2 cells at 2 days after miR-145 transfection. Antagomir-145 significantly abolished the morphological change, the transition of LC3B I to II, and the increased phosphorylated Akt induced by miR-145 in H9c2 cells. We determined fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 mRNA to be a target of miR-145, both in an in vivo model and in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, post-MI treatment with miR-145 protected the heart through the induction of cardiomyocyte autophagy by targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Higashi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Yoshihisa Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Shingo Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Shinya Baba
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Masamitsu Iwasa
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Kazuhiko Nishigaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Genzou Takemura
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Minami Kumazaki
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinya Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Sayar I, Bicer S, Gursul C, Gürbüzel M, Peker K, Işik A. Protective effects of ellagic acid and ozone on rat ovaries with an ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015; 42:52-8. [PMID: 26555146 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the effects of the antioxidant agents, ozone (O) and ellagic acid (EA), on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries developed from an ovarian torsion-detorsion model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arteries in the left ovaries of rats were clamped for two hours to achieve torsion, and then the clamps were removed for a two-hour detorsion period. Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control: administered only with anesthesia, rats were not subjected to torsion-detorsion; I/R: subjected to torsion and subsequent detorsion, without administering any treatment agent; and I/R + EA, I/R + O and I/R + O + EA: subjected to torsion and detorsion processes and administered with EA, O or EA + O at the 75th minute of torsion. The rats were then sacrificed under general anesthesia and the ovarian tissues were excised. The tissues were homogenized and levels of glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. Tissue damage was evaluated in terms of histopathological parameters, such as hemorrhage, congestion, edema and inflammation. RESULTS Antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA levels in the ovary tissue increased in the I/R group and decreased in the O, EA and O + EA groups (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that tissue damage in the O, EA and O + EA groups decreased in comparison with the I/R group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These biochemical and histopathological findings suggest that EA and O are effective against ovarian I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Sayar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan
| | - Senol Bicer
- Department of Child Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan
| | - Cebrail Gursul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan
| | - Mehmet Gürbüzel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan
| | - Kemal Peker
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan
| | - Arda Işik
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Lai Z, Zhang L, Su J, Cai D, Xu Q. Sevoflurane postconditioning improves long-term learning and memory of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage rats via the PI3K/Akt-mPTP pathway. Brain Res 2015; 1630:25-37. [PMID: 26541582 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetic postconditioning has been documented to provide neuroprotection in adult animals. Our aim was to investigate whether sevoflurane postconditioning improves long-term learning and memory of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage (HIBD) rats, and whether the PI3K/Akt pathway and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening participate in the effect. METHODS Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to brain HI and randomly allocated to 10 groups (n=24 each group) and treated as follows: (1) Sham, without hypoxia-ischemia; (2) HI/Control, received cerebral hypoxia-ischemia; (3) HI+Atractyloside (Atr), (4) HI+Cyclosporin A (CsA), (5) HI+sevoflurane (Sev), (6) HI+Sev+ LY294002 (LY), (7) HI+Sev+ L-NAME (L-N), (8) HI+Sev+ SB216763 (SB), (9) HI+Sev+Atr, and (10) HI+Sev+CsA. Twelve rats in each group underwent behavioral testing and their brains were harvested for hippocampus neuron count and morphology study. Brains of the other 12 animals were harvested 24h after intervention to examine the expression of Akt, p-Akt, eNOS, p-eNOS, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β by Western bolting and mPTP opening. RESULTS Sevoflurane postconditioning significantly improved the long-term cognitive performance of the rats, increased the number of surviving neurons in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions, and protected the histomorphology of the left hippocampus. These effects were abolished by inhibitors of PI3K/eNOS/GSK-3β. Although blocking mPTP opening simulated sevoflurane postconditioning-induced neuroprotection, it failed to enhance it. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane postconditioning exerts a neuroprotective effect against HIBD in neonatal rats via PI3K/Akt/eNOS and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways, and blockage of mPTP opening may be involved in attenuation of histomorphological injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmeng Lai
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Liangcheng Zhang
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Jiansheng Su
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Dongmiao Cai
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhen-Hai Road, Xiamen 3610003, PR China.
| | - Qingxiu Xu
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Abwainy A, Babiker F, Akhtar S, Benter IF. Endogenous angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor/NO pathway mediates the cardioprotective effects of pacing postconditioning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H104-12. [PMID: 26519026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00121.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the ANG-(1-7) receptor (Mas) and nitric oxide (NO) in pacing postconditiong (PPC)-mediated cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiac contractility and hemodynamics were assessed using a modified Langendorff system, cardiac damage was assessed by measuring infarct size and creatinine kinase levels, and levels of phosphorylated and total endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were determined by Western blot analysis. Isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia, produced by fixed position ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 30 min of reperfusion (n = 6). Hearts were also subjected to PPC (three cycles of 30 s of left ventricular pacing alternated with 30 s of right atrial pacing) and/or treated during reperfusion with ANG-(1-7), N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, or the Mas antagonist (d-Ala7)-ANG I/II (1-7). The PPC-mediated improvement in cardiac contractility and hemodyanamics, cardiac damage, and eNOS phosphorylation were significantly attenuated upon treatment with (d-Ala7)-ANG I/II (1-7) or N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Treatment with ANG-(1-7) improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size and creatinine kinase levels; however, the effects of ANG-(1-7) were not additive with PPC. In conclusion, these data provide novel insights into the cardioprotective mechanisms of PPC in that they involve the Mas receptor and eNOS and further suggest a potential therapeutic role for ANG-(1-7) in cardiac ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Abwainy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Fawzi Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait;
| | - Saghir Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait; and
| | - Ibrahim F Benter
- Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Santos CHMD, Aydos RD, Nogueira Neto E, Miiji LNO, Cassino PC, Ahmed II, Calheiros NM, Garcia M, Silva AFD. Importance of duration and number of ischemic postconditioning cycles in preventing reperfusion mesenteric injuries. Experimental study in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:709-14. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150100000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
|
106
|
Zaman J, Jeddi S, Daneshpour MS, Zarkesh M, Daneshian Z, Ghasemi A. Ischemic postconditioning provides cardioprotective and antiapoptotic effects against ischemia–reperfusion injury through iNOS inhibition in hyperthyroid rats. Gene 2015; 570:185-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
107
|
Li H, Zhang C, Sun W, Li L, Wu B, Bai S, Li H, Zhong X, Wang R, Wu L, Xu C. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide restores cardioprotection of ischemic post-conditioning via inhibition of mPTP opening in the aging cardiomyocytes. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:43. [PMID: 26229588 PMCID: PMC4520088 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and pathological roles of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the regulation of cardiovascular functions have been recognized. H2S protects against the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and ischemic post-conditioning (PC) plays an important role in cardioprotection from H/R injury in neonatal cardiomyocytes but not in aging cardiomyocytes. Whether H2S is involved in the recovery of PC-induced cardioprotection in aging cardiomyocytes is unclear. In the present study, we found that both H/R and PC decreased cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) expression and the production rate of H2S. Supplementation of NaHS protected against H/R-induced apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9, the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), and mPTP opening. The addition of NaHS also counteracted the reduction of cell viability caused by H/R and increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PI3K, Akt, GSK-3β and mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, NaHS increased Bcl-2 expression, promoted PKC-ε translocation to the cell membrane, and activated mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K channels (mitoKATP). PC alone did not provide cardioprotection in H/R-treated aging cardiomyocytes, which was significantly restored by the supplementation of NaHS. In conclusion, our results suggest that exogenous H2S restores PC-induced cardioprotection via the inhibition of mPTP opening by the activation of the ERK1/2-GSK-3β, PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β and PKC-ε-mitoKATP pathways in aging cardiomyocytes. These findings provide a novel target for the treatment of aging ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China ; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150036 China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Shuzhi Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China ; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Health Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China ; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086 China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Wang K, Zhou LY, Wang JX, Wang Y, Sun T, Zhao B, Yang YJ, An T, Long B, Li N, Liu CY, Gong Y, Gao JN, Dong YH, Zhang J, Li PF. E2F1-dependent miR-421 regulates mitochondrial fragmentation and myocardial infarction by targeting Pink1. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7619. [PMID: 26184432 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fragmentation plays an important role in the progression of cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Mitochondrial network is controlled by many factors in different cell types. Here we show that the interplay between E2F1, miR-421 and Pink1 regulates mitochondrial morphology and cardiomyocyte cell death. Pink1 reduces mitochondrial fragmentation and protects cardiomyocyte from apoptosis. On the other hand, miR-421 promotes cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fragmentation, apoptosis and myocardial infarction by suppressing Pink1 translation. Finally, we show that transcription factor E2F1 activates miR-421 expression. Knocking down E2F1 suppresses mitochondrial fragmentation, apoptosis and myocardial infarction by affecting miR-421 levels. Collectively, these data identify the E2F1/miR-421/Pink axis as a regulator of mitochondrial fragmentation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and suggest potential therapeutic targets in treatment of cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lu-Yu Zhou
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Teng Sun
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yong-Jie Yang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bo Long
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jin-Ning Gao
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yan-Han Dong
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Ischemic postconditioning altered microRNAs in human valve replacement. J Surg Res 2015; 200:28-35. [PMID: 26253453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been intensively studied in myocardial infarction, there is no report on the regulation of miRNAs by ischemic postconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We aim to explore the regulation of miRNAs by ischemic postconditioning in double valve replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, controlled clinical study, consecutive 30 patients undergoing double valve replacement were enrolled. The patients were randomized into two groups, namely an ischemic postconditioning (IPO) group (n = 15) and a control (CON) group (n = 15). For ethical considerations, samples of right atrial muscle were harvested, respectively, 10 min before cardiopulmonary bypass (pre-CPB) and 5 min after aortic declamping (post-CPB) for analysis of miRNAs, genes and apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with the CON group, miR-1 was downregulated, whereas miR-21 was upregulated, and BCL2 messenger RNA (mRNA) was upregulated, whereas BAX mRNA and programmed cell death 4 mRNA remained unchanged in the IPO group. Likewise, a significant increase in BCL2 protein and a striking decrease in BAX protein were observed in the IPO group when compared with those in the CON group. The IPO group showed a significantly smaller increase of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive myocytes after CPB than CON group. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic postconditioning could regulate miR-1, miR-21, and downstream effectors and resulted in actual attenuation of apoptosis in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery.
Collapse
|
110
|
Aune SE, Herr DJ, Kutz CJ, Menick DR. Histone Deacetylases Exert Class-Specific Roles in Conditioning the Brain and Heart Against Acute Ischemic Injury. Front Neurol 2015; 6:145. [PMID: 26175715 PMCID: PMC4485035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury comprises a significant portion of morbidity and mortality from heart and brain diseases worldwide. This enduring clinical problem has inspired myriad reports in the scientific literature of experimental interventions seeking to elucidate the pathology of IR injury. Elective cardiac surgery presents perhaps the most viable scenario for protecting the heart and brain from IR injury due to the opportunity to condition the organs prior to insult. The physiological parameters for the preconditioning of vital organs prior to insult through mechanical and pharmacological maneuvers have been heavily examined. These investigations have revealed new insights into how preconditioning alters cellular responses to IR injury. However, the promise of preconditioning remains unfulfilled at the clinical level, and research seeking to implicate cell signals essential to this protection continues. Recent discoveries in molecular biology have revealed that gene expression can be controlled through posttranslational modifications, without altering the chemical structure of the genetic code. In this scenario, gene expression is repressed by enzymes that cause chromatin compaction through catalytic removal of acetyl moieties from lysine residues on histones. These enzymes, called histone deacetylases (HDACs), can be inhibited pharmacologically, leading to the de-repression of protective genes. The discovery that HDACs can also alter the function of non-histone proteins through posttranslational deacetylation has expanded the potential impact of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of human disease. HDAC inhibitors have been applied in a very small number of experimental models of IR. However, the scientific literature contains an increasing number of reports demonstrating that HDACs converge on preconditioning signals in the cell. This review will describe the influence of HDACs on major preconditioning signaling pathways in the heart and brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sverre E Aune
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Daniel J Herr
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Craig J Kutz
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Donald R Menick
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Crisafulli A, Mancardi D, Marongiu E, Rastaldo R, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Preconditioning cardioprotection and exercise performance: a radical point of view. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-015-0225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
112
|
Doul J, Charvátová Z, Ošťádalová I, Kohutiar M, Maxová H, Ošťádal B. Neonatal rat hearts cannot be protected by ischemic postconditioning. Physiol Res 2015; 64:789-94. [PMID: 26047384 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are abundant data on ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) in the adult myocardium, this phenomenon has not yet been investigated in neonatal hearts. To examine possible protective effects of IPoC, rat hearts isolated on days 1, 4, 7 and 10 of postnatal life were perfused according to Langendorff. Developed force (DF) of contraction was measured by an isometric force transducer. Hearts were exposed to 40 or 60 min of global ischemia followed by reperfusion up to the maximum recovery of DF. IPoC was induced by three cycles of 10, 30 or 60 s periods of global ischemia/reperfusion. To further determine the extent of ischemic injury, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured in the coronary effluent. Tolerance to ischemia did not change from day 1 to day 4 but decreased to days 7 and 10. None of the postconditioning protocols tested led to significant protection on the day 10. Prolonging the period of sustained ischemia to 60 min on day 10 did not lead to better protection. The 3x30 s protocol was then evaluated on days 1, 4 and 7 without any significant effects. There were no significant differences in LDH release between postconditioned and control groups. It can be concluded that neonatal hearts cannot be protected by ischemic postconditioning during first 10 days of postnatal life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Doul
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Casós K, Pérez ML, Blasco-Lucas A, Ferrer-Curriu G, Gracia-Baena JM, Sureda C, Permanyer E, Igual A, Galiñanes M. Ischemic postconditioning of the isolated human myocardium: Role of the applied protocol. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 8:55-61. [PMID: 28785680 PMCID: PMC5497256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC), has been proposed as a useful approach to reduce infarct size in all species, but its clinical utility remains unclear. Objective To investigate the role played by the protocol used on the efficacy of IPostC in protecting the diseased human myocardium. Methods Myocardial atrial samples from patients were subjected to a 90 min ischemia/120 min reoxygenation followed by different IPostC protocols to investigate the role of the time of ischemia (30, 60, 90 and 120 s) and the number of cycles (1, 2, 3 and 4) with 60 and 120 s of total ischemic time. Muscles were also subjected to ischemic preconditioning (IPreC). The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the measurement of tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were determined. Results IPostC increased the LDH and decreased the MTT values from those of control, independently of the duration of the conditioning ischemia. LDH and MTT values also worsened by augmenting the number of IPostC cycles whereas they were significantly improved by IPreC. However, analysis of individual results indicated that in approximately 1/3 of the cases IPostC exhibited some degree of protection especially in the presence of increased ischemic injury. Conclusions The present findings show that IPostC of the human myocardium may be influenced by the protocol used and also by the degree of the preceding ischemic injury. IPostC was beneficial in approximately 1/3 of the cases; however in the remaining cases it increased ischemic damage and, therefore, these results raise a word of caution on its broad clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Casós
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-Llanos Pérez
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Blasco-Lucas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ferrer-Curriu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gracia-Baena
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Sureda
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Permanyer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Igual
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Galiñanes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Martin-Puig S, Tello D, Aragonés J. Novel perspectives on the PHD-HIF oxygen sensing pathway in cardioprotection mediated by IPC and RIPC. Front Physiol 2015; 6:137. [PMID: 26042040 PMCID: PMC4438228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion of ischemic cardiac tissue is the standard treatment for improving clinical outcome following myocardial infarction but is inevitably associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ischemic myocardial injury can be alleviated by exposing the heart to brief episodes of sublethal ischemia-reperfusion prior to the ischemic insult, a phenomenon that has been termed ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Similarly, remote IPC (RIPC) is defined as transient episodes of ischemia at a distant site before a subsequent prolonged injury of the target organ. In this setting, adaptive responses to hypoxia/ischemia in peripheral tissues include the release of soluble factors that have the potential to protect cardiomyocytes remotely. Oxygen fluctuations is a hallmark of insufficient tissue perfusion and ischemic episodes. Emerging evidence indicates that prolyl hydroxylase oxygen sensors (PHDs) and hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are critical regulators of IPC and RIPC. In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the role of the PHD-HIF axis in IPC and RIPC-mediated cardioprotection and examine molecular pathways and cell types that might be involved. We also appraise the therapeutic value of targeting the PHD-HIF axis to enhance cardiac tolerance against IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martin-Puig
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Tello
- Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Pipicz M, Varga ZV, Kupai K, Gáspár R, Kocsis GF, Csonka C, Csont T. Rapid ventricular pacing-induced postconditioning attenuates reperfusion injury: effects on peroxynitrite, RISK and SAFE pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3472-83. [PMID: 25827015 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) applied before an index ischaemia has anti-ischaemic effects. Here, we investigated whether RVP applied after index ischaemia attenuates reperfusion injury and whether peroxynitrite, reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and survival activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathways as well as haem oxygenase 1 (HO1) are involved in the mechanism of RVP-induced postconditioning. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Langendorff perfused rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischaemia and 120 min reperfusion with or without ischaemic postconditioning (6 × 10/10 s reperfusion/ischaemia; IPost) or RVP (6 × 10/10 s non-pacing/rapid pacing at 600 bpm) applied at the onset of reperfusion. KEY RESULTS Meta-analysis of our previous studies revealed an association between longer reperfusion-induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation with decreased infarct size. In the present experiments, we tested whether RVP is cardioprotective and found that both IPost and RVP significantly decreased infarct size; however, only RVP attenuated the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular tachycardia. Both postconditioning methods increased the formation of cardiac 3-nitrotyrosine and superoxide, and non-significantly enhanced Akt phosphorylation at the beginning of reperfusion without affecting ERK1/2 and STAT3, while IPost alone induced HO1. Application of brief ischaemia/reperfusion cycles or RVP without preceding index ischaemia also facilitated peroxynitrite formation; nevertheless, only brief RVP increased STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Short periods of RVP at the onset of reperfusion are cardioprotective and increase peroxynitrite formation similarly to IPost and thus may serve as an alternative postconditioning method. However, downstream mechanisms of the protection elicited by IPost and RVP seem to be partially different. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart - Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márton Pipicz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Csonka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Ischemic postconditioning inhibits apoptosis of renal cells following reperfusion: a novel in vitro model. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1067-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-0997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
117
|
Badalzadeh R, Mokhtari B, Yavari R. Contribution of apoptosis in myocardial reperfusion injury and loss of cardioprotection in diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:201-15. [PMID: 25726180 PMCID: PMC10717803 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow of the myocardium declines, leading to cardiomyocyte death. However, reperfusion of ischemic regions decreases the rate of mortality, but it can also cause later complications. In a clinical setting, ischemic heart disease is always coincident with other co-morbidities such as diabetes. The risk of heart disease increases 2-3 times in diabetic patients. Apoptosis is considered to be one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Diabetes can disrupt the anti-apoptotic intracellular signaling cascades involved in myocardial protection. Therefore, targeting these changes may be an effective cardioprotective approach in the diabetic myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this article, we review the interaction of diabetes with the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, focusing on the contribution of apoptosis in this context, and then discuss the alterations of pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic pathways probably responsible for the loss of cardioprotection in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Badalzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raana Yavari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Tsibulnikov SY, Chauski EI, Khaliulin IG, Portnichenko AG. Role of MEK, PI3, p38, Tyrosine, and mTOR Kinases in Regulation of Heart Resistance to the Arrhythmogenic Action of Short-Term Ischemia and Reperfusion. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 158:729-31. [PMID: 25894770 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MEK, PI3, p38, tyrosine, and mTOR kinases are not involved in the regulation of heart resistance to the arrhythmogenic action of short-term ischemia/reperfusion in non-adapted rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L N Maslov
- Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk, Russia,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Smith LE, White MY. The role of post-translational modifications in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:506-21. [PMID: 24961403 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for both primary diseases of the heart and vasculature and arising as a co-morbidity with numerous pathologies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There has been significant emphasis on the role of the genome in CVD, aiding in the definition of 'at-risk' patients. The extent of disease penetrance however, can be influenced by environmental factors that are not detectable by investigating the genome alone. By targeting the transcriptome in response to CVD, the interplay between genome and environment is more apparent, however this implies the level of protein expression without reference to proteolytic turnover, or potentially more importantly, without defining the role of PTMs in the development of disease. Here, we discuss the role of both brief and irreversible PTMs in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Key proteins involved in calcium regulation have been observed as differentially modified by phosphorylation/O-GlcNAcylation or phosphorylation/redox modifications, with the level of interplay dependent on the physiological or pathophysiological state. The ability to modify crucial sites to produce the desired functional output is modulated by the presence of other PTMs as exemplified in the T2DM heart, where hyperglycemia results in aberrant O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end products. By using the signalling events predicted to be critical to post-conditioning, an intervention with great promise for the cardioprotection of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart, as an example, we discuss the level of PTMs and their interplay. The inability of post-conditioning to protect the diabetic heart may be regulated by aberrant PTMs influencing those sites necessary for protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Smith
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Abstract
Reperfusion is mandatory to salvage ischemic myocardium from infarction, but reperfusion per se contributes to injury and ultimate infarct size. Therefore, cardioprotection beyond that by timely reperfusion is needed to reduce infarct size and improve the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The conditioning phenomena provide such cardioprotection, insofar as brief episodes of coronary occlusion/reperfusion preceding (ischemic preconditioning) or following (ischemic postconditioning) sustained myocardial ischemia with reperfusion reduce infarct size. Even ischemia/reperfusion in organs remote from the heart provides cardioprotection (remote ischemic conditioning). The present review characterizes the signal transduction underlying the conditioning phenomena, including their physical and chemical triggers, intracellular signal transduction, and effector mechanisms, notably in the mitochondria. Cardioprotective signal transduction appears as a highly concerted spatiotemporal program. Although the translation of ischemic postconditioning and remote ischemic conditioning protocols to patients with acute myocardial infarction has been fairly successful, the pharmacological recruitment of cardioprotective signaling has been largely disappointing to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Meng X, Pei H, Lan C. Icariin Exerts Protective Effect Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 73:229-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
122
|
Wang LQ, Cheng XS, Huang CH, Huang B, Liang Q. Rapamycin protects cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury by inducing autophagy through the PI3k/Akt pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:10-15. [PMID: 25673186 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential cardioprotection roles of Rapamycin in anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury of cardiomyocytes through inducing autophagy, and the involvement of PI3k/Akt pathway. We employed simulated A/R of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) as an in vitro model of ischemial/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the heart. NRVM were pretreated with four different concentrations of Rapamycin (20, 50, 100, 150 μmol/L), and pretreated with 10 mmol/L 3-methyladenine (3MA) for inhibiting autophagy during A/R. Then, Western blot analysis was used to examine variation in the expression of LC3-II, LC3-I, Bim, caspase-3, p-PI3KI, PI3KI, p-Akt and Akt. In our model, Rapamycin had a preferential action on autophagy, increasing the expression of LC3-II/LC3-I, whereas decreasing the expression of Bim and caspase-3. Moreover, our results also demonstrated that Rapamycin inhibited the activation of p-PI3KI and enhanced the activation of p-Akt. It is concluded that Rapamycin has a cardioprotection effect by inducing autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner against apopotosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during A/R in NRVM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qiao Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Shu Cheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Cha-Hua Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Transient carotid ischemia as a remote conditioning stimulus for myocardial protection in anesthetized rabbits: Insights into intracellular signaling. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:140-151. [PMID: 25703422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effectiveness of perconditioning (Perc) applied at different time points along with the role of RISK, SAFE, STAT5 and eNOS pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Anesthetized rabbits were subjected to 30-min ischemia/3-hour reperfusion. Perc, consisted of 4 cycles of 1-min ischemia/reperfusion, was applied in the carotid artery at different time points. Perc was started and ended during ischemia, started during ischemia and ended at the beginning of reperfusion, started at the end of ischemia and ended at reperfusion and started and ended during reperfusion. The PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, or the JAK-2 inhibitor AG490, was also applied and the infarct size was assessed. In another series assigned to the previous groups, the phosphorylation of Akt, PI3K, ERKs1/2, GSK3β, STAT3, and STAT5 was evaluated. All Perc groups had smaller infarction compared to those without Perc, independently of PI3K or JAK-2 inhibition. STAT5 was the only molecule that was phosphorylated in parallel with cardioprotection. Since Src and angiotensin II mediate the STAT5 pathway, we administered the Scr inhibitor PP1 and the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan. PP1 and valsartan prevented STAT5 phosphorylation, but did not abrogate the effect of Perc. Furthermore, the NOS inhibitor L-NAME was administered and abrogated the infarct size limiting effect of Perc. In parallel, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was elevated only in the control and Perc-A-L-NAME groups. CONCLUSION Perc reduces infarction independently of RISK, SAFE and STAT5 pathways. Src kinase and angiotensin II play a predominant role in STAT5 activation. eNOS may protect the myocardium through inhibition of apoptosis.
Collapse
|
124
|
Zhao B, Gao W, Hou J, Wu Y, Xia Z. Ischemic postconditioning enhances glycogen synthase kinase-3β expression and alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1507-12. [PMID: 25657687 PMCID: PMC4308783 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.19.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study established global brain ischemia using the four-vessel occlusion method. Following three rounds of reperfusion for 30 seconds, and occlusion for 10 seconds, followed by reperfusion for 48 hours, infarct area, the number of TUNEL-positive cells and Bcl-2 expression were significantly reduced. However, glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity, cortical Bax and caspase-3 expression significantly increased, similar to results following ischemic postconditioning. Our results indicated that ischemic postconditioning may enhance glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity, a downstream molecule of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, which reduces caspase-3 expression to protect the brain against ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Liu YJ, Leng XP, Du GQ, Wang XD, Tian JW, Ren M. Two-dimensional longitudinal strains and torsion analysis to assess the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning on myocardial function: a speckle tracking echocardiography study in rabbits. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:344-353. [PMID: 25257298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The reperfusion injury that occurs in the early reperfusion often results in myocardial dysfunction. This study evaluated global and regional left ventricular (LV) function using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in a rabbit ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model with and without ischemic postconditioning (I-PostC). The aim is to investigate the potential benefit of I-PostC for myocardial function and validate whether regional longitudinal strain is an appropriate index to indicate myocardial dysfunction. Forty rabbits were divided into an ischemia-reperfusion group (group I) and an I-PostC group (group II). After the coronary arteries were ligated, LV systolic strain and twist parameters decreased, and absolute value of strain rate of isovolumetric relaxation period (SRivr) and post-systolic strain index (PSI) increased significantly in both groups (all p<0.05). After reperfusion, regional longitudinal systolic strain rate (SRsys), systolic strain (Ssys), LV twist and untwisting rate increased, and SRivr and PSI decreased in group II. These changes were not seen in group I. All STE parameters were correlated with area of necrosis (AN)/area at risk (AR) (all p<0.05). The correlations were morerelevant between SRsys and AN/AR (r=-0.673) and between Ssys and AN/AR (r=-0.777) (both p<0.001). The intra- and inter-observer repeatability of STE parameters were good with correlation coefficients (CCs) >0.8 or 0.6. The sensitivities of GSRsys, GSsys, SRsys, Ssys, and LV twist to detect the myocardial infarction were 81.3%, 62.5%, 87.5%, 93.8% and 81.3%, respectively. And the specificities of those parameters were 75.0%, 81.2%, 75.0%, 87.5% and 68.7%. These results indicate that STE is useful for quantitative detection on myocardial function improvement induced by I-PostC in a rabbit I/R model. The regional index-Ssys is an appropriate parameter to indicate myocardial dysfunction because of its sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - X P Leng
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - G Q Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - X D Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - J W Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - M Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Thind GS, Agrawal PR, Hirsh B, Saravolatz L, Chen-Scarabelli C, Narula J, Scarabelli TM. Mechanisms of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury and the cytoprotective role of minocycline: scope and limitations. Future Cardiol 2015; 11:61-76. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.14.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Deep insight into the complex mechanisms of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury has been attained in the past years. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline with US FDA approval for clinical use in various infections. Lately, several noninfectious cytoprotective activities of minocycline have been discovered as well. There now exists encouraging evidence of its protective role in cardiovascular pathology and its activity against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. In this article, an overview of the major mechanisms involved in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury is presented. This is followed by an analysis of the mechanisms by which minocycline exerts its cytoprotective role and of studies that have been conducted in order to analyze minocycline, along with a review of the scope and limitations of its role as a cytoprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratik R Agrawal
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research, Gujarat, India
| | - Benjamin Hirsh
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Louis Saravolatz
- St John Hospital & Medical Center, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Tiziano M Scarabelli
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- St John Hospital & Medical Center, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Bice JS, Baxter GF. Postconditioning signalling in the heart: mechanisms and translatability. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1933-46. [PMID: 25303373 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of ischaemic postconditioning (short cycles of reperfusion and reocclusion of a previously occluded vessel) was identified over a decade ago commanding intense interest as an approach for modifying reperfusion injury which contributes to infarct size in acute myocardial infarction. Elucidation of the major mechanisms of postconditioning has identified potential pharmacological targets for limitation of reperfusion injury. These include ligands for membrane-associated receptors, activators of phosphokinase survival signalling pathways and inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. In experimental models, numerous agents that target these mechanisms have shown promise as postconditioning mimetics. Nevertheless, clinical studies of ischaemic postconditioning and pharmacological postconditioning mimetics are equivocal. The majority of experimental research is conducted in animal models which do not fully portray the complexity of risk factors and comorbidities with which patients present and which we now know modify the signalling pathways recruited in postconditioning. Cohort size and power, patient selection, and deficiencies in clinical infarct size estimation may all represent major obstacles to assessing the therapeutic efficacy of postconditioning. Furthermore, chronic treatment of these patients with drugs like ACE inhibitors, statins and nitrates may modify signalling, inhibiting the protective effect of postconditioning mimetics, or conversely induce a maximally protected state wherein no further benefit can be demonstrated. Arguably, successful translation of postconditioning cannot occur until all of these issues are addressed, that is, experimental investigation requires more complex models that better reflect the clinical setting, while clinical investigation requires bigger trials with appropriate patient selection and standardization of clinical infarct size measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Bice
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Effects of gradual low-flow reperfusion postconditioning on ischemia–reperfusion injury involving incomplete testicular torsion in rabbits. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2014; 42:207-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-014-0591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
129
|
Shimada S, Fukai M, Wakayama K, Ishikawa T, Kobayashi N, Kimura T, Yamashita K, Kamiyama T, Shimamura T, Taketomi A, Todo S. Hydrogen sulfide augments survival signals in warm ischemia and reperfusion of the mouse liver. Surg Today 2014; 45:892-903. [PMID: 25362520 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-014-1064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ameliorates hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI), but the precise mechanism remains elusive. We investigated whether sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), a soluble derivative of H2S, would ameliorate hepatic IRI, and if so, via what mechanism. METHODS Mice were subjected to partial warm ischemia for 75 min followed by reperfusion. Either NaHS or saline was administered intravenously 10 min before reperfusion. The liver and serum were collected 3, 6, and 24 h after reperfusion. RESULTS In the NaHS(-) group, severe IRI was apparent by the ALT leakage, tissue injury score, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation (higher plasma TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-23, IL-17, and CD40L), whereas IRI was significantly ameliorated in the NaHS(+) group. These effects could be explained by the augmented nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and the resulting up-regulation of HO-1 and thioredoxin-1. Phosphorylation of the PDK-1/Akt/mTOR/p70S6k axis, which is known to mediate pro-survival and anti-apoptotic signals, was significantly augmented in the NaHS(+) group, with a higher rate of PCNA-positive cells thereafter. CONCLUSION NaHS ameliorated hepatic IRI by direct and indirect anti-oxidant activities by augmenting pro-survival, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory signals via mechanisms involving Nrf-2, and by accelerating hepatic regeneration via mechanisms involving Akt-p70S6k.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Park ES, Kang DH, Yang MK, Kang JC, Jang YC, Park JS, Kim SK, Shin HS. Cordycepin, 3'-deoxyadenosine, prevents rat hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of Akt/GSK-3β/p70S6K signaling pathway and HO-1 expression. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:1-9. [PMID: 24178833 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) isolated from Cordyceps militaris, a species of the fungal genus Cordyceps, has been shown to exhibit many pharmacological functions, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the preventive role of cordycepin in ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury of isolated rat hearts and anesthetized rats. After Sprague-Dawley rats received cordycepin (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) or control (0.5 % carboxyl methylcellulose) orally once a day for a week, hearts were isolated and mounted on Langendorff heart perfusion system. Isolated hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer for 15-min pre-ischemic stabilization period and subjected to 30-min global ischemia and 30-min reperfusion. Cordycepin administration (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased left ventricular developed pressure during the reperfusion period compared to that in the control group, but without any effect on coronary flow. Cordycepin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt/GSK-3β/p70S6K pathways, which are known to modulate multiple survival pathways. In addition, cordycepin decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression while increasing Bcl-2 expression, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and heme oxygenase (HO-1) expression in isolated rat hearts. In anesthetized rats subjected to 30 min occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery/2.5-h reperfusion, cordycepin (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, i.v.) administered 15 min before the onset of ischemia dose-dependently decreased the infarct size in left ventricle. In conclusion, cordycepin could be an attractive therapeutic candidate with oral activity against I/R-associated heart diseases such as myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-Dong, Chungju, Chungbuk, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Atorvastatin Post-Conditioning Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Related Apoptosis. Shock 2014; 42:365-71. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
132
|
Ong SB, Hall AR, Dongworth RK, Kalkhoran S, Pyakurel A, Scorrano L, Hausenloy DJ. Akt protects the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury by modulating mitochondrial morphology. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:513-21. [PMID: 25253080 DOI: 10.1160/th14-07-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism through which the protein kinase Akt (also called PKB), protects the heart against acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is not clear. Here, we investigate whether Akt mediates its cardioprotective effect by modulating mitochondrial morphology. Transfection of HL-1 cardiac cells with constitutively active Akt (caAkt) changed mitochondrial morphology as evidenced by an increase in the proportion of cells displaying predominantly elongated mitochondria (73 ± 5.0 % caAkt vs 49 ± 5.8 % control: N=80 cells/group; p< 0.05). This effect was associated with delayed time taken to induce mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening (by 2.4 ± 0.5 fold; N=80 cells/group: p< 0.05); and reduced cell death following simulated IRI (32.8 ± 1.2 % caAkt vs 63.8 ± 5.6 % control: N=320 cells/group: p< 0.05). Similar effects on mitochondrial morphology, MPTP opening, and cell survival post-IRI, were demonstrated with pharmacological activation of Akt using the known cardioprotective cytokine, erythropoietin (EPO). The effect of Akt on inducing mitochondrial elongation was found to be dependent on the mitochondrial fusion protein, Mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), as ablation of Mfn1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) abrogated Akt-mediated mitochondrial elongation. Finally, in vivo pre-treatment with EPO reduced myocardial infarct size (as a % of the area at risk) in adult mice subjected to IRI (26.2 ± 2.6 % with EPO vs 46.1 ± 6.5 % in control; N=7/group: p< 0.05), and reduced the proportion of cells displaying myofibrillar disarray and mitochondrial fragmentation observed by electron microscopy in adult murine hearts subjected to ischaemia from 5.8 ± 1.0 % to 2.2 ± 1.0 % (N=5 hearts/group; p< 0.05). In conclusion, we found that either genetic or pharmacological activation of Akt protected the heart against acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury by modulating mitochondrial morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Dr. Derek J. Hausenloy, The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London Hospital, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK, Tel.: +44 203 447 9894, Fax: +44 203 447 9505, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Kadkhodaee M, Najafi A, Seifi B. Classical and remote post-conditioning effects on ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute oxidant kidney injury. Int J Surg 2014; 12:1162-6. [PMID: 25257481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze and compare the effects of classical and remote ischemic postconditioning (POC) on rat renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury. After right nephrectomy, male rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8). In the IR group, 45 min of left renal artery occlusion was induced followed by 24 h of reperfusion. In the classical POC group, after induction of 45 min ischemia, 4 cycles of 10 s of intermittent ischemia and reperfusion were applied to the kidney before complete restoring of renal blood. In the remote POC group, 4 cycles of 5 min ischemia and reperfusion of left femoral artery were applied after 45 min renal ischemia and right at the time of renal reperfusion. There was a reduction in renal function (increase in blood urea and creatinine) in the IR group. Application of both forms of POC prevented the IR-induced reduction in renal function and histology. There were also significant improvements in kidney oxidative stress status in both POC groups demonstrated by a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and preservation of antioxidant levels comparing to the IR group. We concluded that both methods of POC have protective effects on renal function and histology possibly by a reduction in IR-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Najafi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran
| | - Behjat Seifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
RISK and SAFE signaling pathway involvement in apolipoprotein A-I-induced cardioprotection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107950. [PMID: 25237809 PMCID: PMC4169577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) may be a protective humoral mediator involved in remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). This study sought to determine if ApoA-I mediates its protective effects via the RISK and SAFE signaling pathways implicated in RIPC. Wistar rats were allocated to one of the following groups. Control: rats were subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) without any further intervention; RIPC: four cycles of limb I/R were applied prior to myocardial ischemia; ApoA-I: 10 mg/Kg of ApoA-I were intravenously injected prior to myocardial ischemia; ApoA-I + inhibitor: pharmacological inhibitors of RISK/SAFE pro-survival kinase (Akt, ERK1/2 and STAT-3) were administered prior to ApoA-I injection. Infarct size was significantly reduced in the RIPC group compared to Control. Similarly, ApoA-I injection efficiently protected the heart, recapitulating RIPC-induced cardioprotection. The ApoA-I protective effect was associated with Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation and substantially inhibited by pretreatment with Akt and ERK1/2 inhibitors. Pretreatment with ApoA-I in a rat model of I/R recapitulates RIPC-induced cardioprotection and shares some similar molecular mechanisms with those of RIPC-involved protection of the heart.
Collapse
|
135
|
Gulati P, Singh N. Evolving possible link between PI3K and NO pathways in neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 397:255-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
136
|
Keszler A, Brandal G, Baumgardt S, Ge ZD, Pratt PF, Riess ML, Bienengraeber M. Far red/near infrared light-induced protection against cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury remains intact under diabetic conditions and is independent of nitric oxide synthase. Front Physiol 2014; 5:305. [PMID: 25202275 PMCID: PMC4141548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Far red/near-infrared light (NIR) promotes a wide range of biological effects including tissue protection but whether and how NIR is capable of acutely protecting myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury in vivo is not fully elucidated. Our previous work indicates that NIR exposure immediately before and during early reperfusion protects the myocardium against infarction through mechanisms that are nitric oxide (NO)-dependent. Here we tested the hypothesis that NIR elicits protection in a diabetic mouse model where other cardioprotective interventions such as pre- and postconditioning fail, and that the protection is independent of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NIR reduced infarct size dose dependently. Importantly, NIR-induced protection was preserved in a diabetic mouse model (db/db) and during acute hyperglycemia, as well as in endothelial NOS(-/-) mice and in wild type mice treated with NOS inhibitor L-NAME. In in vitro experiments NIR light liberates NO from nitrosyl hemoglobin (HbNO) and nitrosyl myoglobin (MbNO) in a wavelength-(660-830 nm) and dose-dependent manner. Irradiation at 660 nm yields the highest release of NO, while at longer wavelengths a dramatic decrease of NO release can be observed. Similar wavelength dependence was observed for the protection of mice against cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury in vivo. NIR-induced NO release from deoxymyoglobin in the presence of nitrite mildly inhibits respiration of isolated mitochondria after hypoxia. In summary, NIR applied during reperfusion protects the myocardium against infarction in an NO-dependent, but NOS-independent mechanisms, whereby mitochondria may be a target of NO released by NIR, leading to reduced reactive oxygen species generation during reperfusion. This unique mechanism preserves protection even during diabetes where other protective strategies fail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Keszler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Garth Brandal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shelley Baumgardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Phillip F. Pratt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthias L. Riess
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical CenterMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Martin Bienengraeber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Comparing different postconditioning cycles after ischemia reperfusion injury in the rat skin flap. Ann Plast Surg 2014; 72:104-7. [PMID: 23503428 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e3182586d67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning is a useful manipulation to reduce the undesirable effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The beneficial results of this phenomenon against I/R injury have been seen in several flap models. However, there are no published works comparing different postconditioning (post-con) cycles in skin flaps. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of different post-con cycles in a skin flap model. Epigastric island flap (6 × 3 cm) model which was based on the left superficial epigastric artery and vein was used, and complete 6 hours of ischemia was generated by occlusion of the pedicle. Forty male Wistar rats were allocated into 5 groups (n = 8 in each group). Group 1 (sham group): the elevated skin flap was repositioned without an episode of ischemia. Group 2 (control group): skin flap was elevated and 6 hours of complete ischemia was induced by clamping the pedicle. Group 3 (post-con 1): After ischemia, post-con was performed by 6 cycles of 15 seconds of repeated I/R periods. Group 4 (post-con 2): After ischemia, post-con was performed by 6 cycles of 30 second of repeated I/R periods. Group 5 (post-con 3): After ischemia, post-con was performed by 6 cycles of 60 second of repeated I/R periods. Flap viability was assessed 1 week after the surgical procedure, the necrotic area of the skin flap was measured using image analysis on the computer. The area of flap necrosis was statistically significant between the control and post-con group 4 and group 5, and no statistically significant difference was obtained between the control and post-con group 3. Groups 4 and 5 demonstrated lesser area of flap necrosis than the control group and group 4 was superior to group 5. The results revealed that the post-con applied by means of 6 cycles of 30 seconds yields the best protection against I/R injury in the rat skin flap model.
Collapse
|
138
|
Penna C, Pasqua T, Amelio D, Perrelli MG, Angotti C, Tullio F, Mahata SK, Tota B, Pagliaro P, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Catestatin increases the expression of anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenetic factors in the post-ischemic hypertrophied heart of SHR. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102536. [PMID: 25099124 PMCID: PMC4123866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the presence of comorbidities the effectiveness of many cardioprotective strategies is blunted. The goal of this study was to assess in a hypertensive rat model if the early reperfusion with anti-hypertensive and pro-angiogenic Chromogranin A-derived peptide, Catestatin (CST:hCgA352–372; CST-Post), protects the heart via Reperfusion-Injury-Salvage-Kinases (RISK)-pathway activation, limiting infarct-size and apoptosis, and promoting angiogenetic factors (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor, HIF-1α, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS, expression). Methods and Results The effects of CST-Post on infarct-size, apoptosis and pro-angiogenetic factors were studied in isolated hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which underwent the following protocols: (a) 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion (I/R); (b) 30-min ischemia and 20-min reperfusion (I/R-short), both with and without CST-Post (75 nM for 20-min at the beginning of reperfusion). In unprotected Wistar-Kyoto hearts, used as normal counterpart, infarct-size resulted smaller than in SHR. CST-Post reduced significantly infarct-size and improved post-ischemic cardiac function in both strains. After 20-min reperfusion, CST-Post induced S-nitrosylation of calcium channels and phosphorylation of RISK-pathway in WKY and SHR hearts. Yet specific inhibitors of the RISK pathway blocked the CST-Post protective effects against infarct in the 120-min reperfusion groups. Moreover, apoptosis (evaluated by TUNEL, ARC and cleaved caspase) was reduced by CST-Post. Importantly, CST-Post increased expression of pro-angiogenetic factors (i.e., HIF-1α and eNOS expression) after two-hour reperfusion. Conclusions CST-Post limits reperfusion damages and reverses the hypertension-induced increase of I/R susceptibility. Moreover, CST-Post triggers antiapoptotic and pro-angiogenetic factors suggesting that CST-Post can be used as an anti-maladaptive remodeling treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Amelio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | | | - Carmelina Angotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bruno Tota
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail: (PP); (MCC)
| | - Maria C. Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail: (PP); (MCC)
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Yuan X, Jing S, Wu L, Chen L, Fang J. Pharmacological postconditioning with tanshinone IIA attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:973-977. [PMID: 25120632 PMCID: PMC4113531 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA, one of the active ingredients in the Chinese medicine Danshen, is cardioprotective when applied prior to sustained myocardial ischemia. The present study aimed to investigate whether pharmacological postconditioning with tanshinone IIA attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury when applied prior to prolonged reperfusion following a sustained ischemia. A total of 88 Sprague-Dawley rats received 30 min myocardial ischemia followed by 5 or 120 min reperfusion. Compared with the ischemia-reperfusion model group, the group that received an intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg tanshinone IIA prior to reperfusion had a reduced myocardial infarct size, higher levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase and less reduction in the optical density of the mitochondria at 540 nm, indicating that the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) was attenuated. The cardioprotective effect conferred by tanshinone IIA was abolished by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). These results demonstrate that tanshinone IIA postconditioning protects the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the MPT may be also involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Songbo Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Effect of ischemic postconditioning on microvascular obstruction in reperfused myocardial infarction. Results of a randomized study in patients and of an experimental model in swine. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:138-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
141
|
|
142
|
Ischemic Postconditioning Reduces Infarct Size Through the α1-Adrenergic Receptor Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:504-11. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
143
|
Myojo M, Nagata D, Fujita D, Kiyosue A, Takahashi M, Satonaka H, Morishita Y, Akimoto T, Nagai R, Komuro I, Hirata Y. Telmisartan activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase via Ser1177 phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96948. [PMID: 24827148 PMCID: PMC4020804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has anti-inflammatory and anti-arteriosclerotic functions, it has been recognized as one of the key molecules essential for the homeostatic control of blood vessels other than relaxation of vascular tone. Here, we examined whether telmisartan modulates eNOS function through its pleiotropic effect. Administration of telmisartan to mice significantly increased the phosphorylation level of eNOS (Ser1177) in the aortic endothelium, but administration of valsartan had no effect. Similarly, telmisartan treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (Thr172) and eNOS and the concentration of intracellular guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). Furthermore, pretreatment with a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor suppressed the increased phosphorylation level of eNOS and intracellular cGMP concentration. These data show that telmisartan increases eNOS activity through Ser1177 phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells mainly via p38 MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Myojo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Graduate school of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagata
- Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daishi Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Graduate school of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kiyosue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Graduate school of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Graduate school of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Satonaka
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Tetsu Akimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Graduate school of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Sluijter JPG, Condorelli G, Davidson SM, Engel FB, Ferdinandy P, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Madonna R, Ovize M, Ruiz-Meana M, Schulz R, Van Laake LW. Novel therapeutic strategies for cardioprotection. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:60-70. [PMID: 24837132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) remain significant worldwide. The treatment for acute myocardial infarction has improved over the past decades, including early reperfusion of occluded coronary arteries. Although it is essential to re-open the artery as soon as possible, paradoxically this leads to additional myocardial injury, called acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), for which currently no effective therapy is available. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the heart from acute IRI in order to reduce myocardial infarction size, preserve cardiac function and improve clinical outcomes in patients with IHD. In this review article, we will first outline the pathophysiology of acute IRI and review promising therapeutic strategies for cardioprotection. These include novel aspects of mitochondrial function, epigenetics, circadian clocks, the immune system, microvesicles, growth factors, stem cell therapy and gene therapy. We discuss the therapeutic potential of these novel cardioprotective strategies in terms of pharmacological targeting and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Institute of Cardiology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michel Ovize
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, France; Inserm U1060-CarMeN, CIC de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Laboratori Cardiologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Rutkovskiy A, Mariero LH, Vaage J. Deletion of the aquaporin-4 gene alters expression and phosphorylation of protective kinases in the mouse heart. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:500-5. [PMID: 24792367 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.905698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aquaporins are channel-forming proteins highly permeable to water and some small molecular solutes. We have previously shown that aquaporin-4 knockout mice have increased tolerance to ischemia. However, the mechanism of cardioprotection was unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of aquaporin-4 deletion on baseline expression and phosphorylation of some cardioprotective protein kinases. METHODS Proteins were extracted from hearts of aquaporin-4 knockout mice and littermate wild-type controls and analyzed with Western blot. Samples were taken from young (≤ 6 months of age), and old (≥ 1 year) mice. RESULTS Western blots showed three different isoforms of aquaporin-4 in wild types, likely representing M1, M23, and Mz. Total AMP-dependent kinase expression was decreased in aquaporin-4 knockout hearts by 18 ± 13% (p = 0.02), while the expression of Akt kinase, extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase C-epsilon, mitogen-associated kinase P38 and C-Jun N-terminal kinase was unchanged. The phosphorylation of Akt kinase was reduced in hearts from knockout mice by 41 ± 16% (p = 0.01). No other alterations in phosphorylation were found. These effects were only detected in young mice. CONCLUSION Deletion of the aquaporin-4 gene decreased AMP-dependent kinase expression and Akt kinase phosphorylation in the heart. These changes may influence energy metabolism and endogenous cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Rutkovskiy
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care at the Institute of Clinical Medicine , Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Kruger MJ, Davies N, Myburgh KH, Lecour S. Proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and cardiovascular diseases. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
147
|
Zhu X, Shao ZH, Li C, Li J, Zhong Q, Learoyd J, Meliton A, Meliton L, Leff AR, Vanden Hoek TL. TAT-protein blockade during ischemia/reperfusion reveals critical role for p85 PI3K-PTEN interaction in cardiomyocyte injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95622. [PMID: 24752319 PMCID: PMC3994094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work shows that cooling protection after mouse cardiac arrest and cardiomyocyte ischemia is mediated by Akt activation. The PI3K p85 subunit can either augment or inhibit Akt activation depending on its binding to p110 or PTEN respectively. To further clarify the role of PI3K p85 in cardioprotection, we studied novel TAT-p85 fusion proteins that selectively inhibit PI3K p85 binding. We hypothesized that TAT fused p85 lacking the PTEN binding site (TAT-ΔPTEN p85) would enhance Akt phosphorylation to afford cardioprotection. Conversely, TAT fused p85 lacking the p110 binding site (TAT-Δp110p85) would decrease Akt phosphorylation and abrogate cardioprotection. Microscopy and Western blot analysis demonstrated that TAT fusion protein was transduced into cardiomyocytes within 5 min and remained more than 2 h. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt by TAT-Δp110 p85 significantly increased cell death from 44.6±2.7% to 92.5±3.4% after simulated ischemia and reperfusion. By contrast, PTEN inhibition using TAT-ΔPTEN p85 decreased cell death to 11.9±5.3%, a similar level of cardioprotection seen with past cooling studies. Additional studies with the small molecule PTEN inhibitor VO-OHpic confirmed that PTEN inhibition was highly protective against cell death induced by ischemia and reperfusion. We conclude that blockade of p85-PTEN interaction and PTEN inhibition may be promising strategies for rescuing the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhu
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zuo-Hui Shao
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Changqing Li
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Li
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Learoyd
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Angelo Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lucille Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Leff
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Terry L. Vanden Hoek
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Li H, Wei C, Gao J, Bai S, Li H, Zhao Y, Li H, Han L, Tian Y, Yang G, Wang R, Wu L, Xu C. Mediation of dopamine D2 receptors activation in post-conditioning-attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
149
|
Buchholz B, Donato M, D’Annunzio V, Gelpi RJ. Ischemic postconditioning: mechanisms, comorbidities, and clinical application. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 392:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
150
|
Brooks MJ, Andrews DT. Molecular mechanisms of ischemic conditioning: translation into patient outcomes. Future Cardiol 2014; 9:549-68. [PMID: 23834695 DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the initiation of an ischemic insult, reperfusion injury (RI) can result in numerous deleterious cardiac effects, including cardiomyocyte death. Experimental data have suggested that ischemic conditioning, when delivered either before or after the ischemic event, can provide considerable cardioprotection against RI. Ischemic conditioning involves delivering brief repetitive cycles of ischemia to the myocardium (local) or to another distal organ or structure (remote). This review will discuss recent advances in the molecular mechanisms involved in RI, the signaling pathways recruited by ischemic conditioning and conclude with an appraisal of the evidence for the use of ischemic conditioning in current clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brooks
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|