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Nolting DD, Nickels ML, Guo N, Pham W. Molecular imaging probe development: a chemistry perspective. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2:273-306. [PMID: 22943038 PMCID: PMC3430472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an attractive modality that has been widely employed in many aspects of biomedical research; especially those aimed at the early detection of diseases such as cancer, inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. The field emerged in response to a new research paradigm in healthcare that seeks to integrate detection capabilities for the prediction and prevention of diseases. This approach made a distinct impact in biomedical research as it enabled researchers to leverage the capabilities of molecular imaging probes to visualize a targeted molecular event non-invasively, repeatedly and continuously in a living system. In addition, since such probes are inherently compact, robust, and amenable to high-throughput production, these probes could potentially facilitate screening of preclinical drug discovery, therapeutic assessment and validation of disease biomarkers. They could also be useful in drug discovery and safety evaluations. In this review, major trends in the chemical synthesis and development of positron emission tomography (PET), optical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald D Nolting
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceNashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael L Nickels
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceNashville, TN, USA
| | - Ning Guo
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceNashville, TN, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceNashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer CenterNashville, TN, USA
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McQueenie R, Stevenson R, Benson R, MacRitchie N, McInnes I, Maffia P, Faulds K, Graham D, Brewer J, Garside P. Detection of Inflammation in Vivo by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Provides Higher Sensitivity Than Conventional Fluorescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5968-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3006445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross McQueenie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Stevenson
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology,
WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Neil MacRitchie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Iain McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology,
WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology,
WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - James Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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Burtea C, Ballet S, Laurent S, Rousseaux O, Dencausse A, Gonzalez W, Port M, Corot C, Elst LV, Muller RN. Development of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for the Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Using Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Apoptosis-Targeted Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Derivatives. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:e36-48. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.245415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Acute ischemic events are often caused by the disruption of lipid-rich plaques, which are frequently not angiographically visible. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and apoptotic cell-targeted peptides studied during our previous work were conjugated to ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) (USPIO-R832 for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 targeting; USPIO-R826 for apoptosis targeting) and assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods and Results—
Apolipoprotein E knockout mice were injected with 0.1 mmol Fe/kg body weight and were imaged on a 4.7-T Bruker magnetic resonance imaging until 24 hours after contrast agent administration. Aortic samples were then harvested and examined by histochemistry, and the magnetic resonance images and histological micrographs were analyzed with ImageJ software. The plaques enhanced by USPIO-R832 contained macrophages concentrated in the cap and a large necrotic core, whereas USPIO-R826 produced a negative enhancement of plaques rich in macrophages and neutral fats concentrated inside the plaque. Both USPIO derivatives colocalized with their target on histological sections and were able to detect plaques with a vulnerable morphology, but each one is detecting a specific environment.
Conclusion—
Our vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and apoptotic cell targeted USPIO derivatives seem to be highly promising tools for atherosclerosis imaging contributing to the detection of vulnerable plaques. They are able to attain their target in low doses and as fast as 30 minutes after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Burtea
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sébastien Ballet
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sophie Laurent
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Olivier Rousseaux
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Anne Dencausse
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Walter Gonzalez
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Marc Port
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Claire Corot
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Robert N. Muller
- From the Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium (C.B., S.L., L.V.E., R.N.M.); and Biological Research (S.B., A.D., W.G.), Chemical Discovery (O.R., M.P.), Research Director (C.C.), Guerbet, Research Center, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Liu Y, Welch MJ. Nanoparticles labeled with positron emitting nuclides: advantages, methods, and applications. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:671-82. [PMID: 22242601 PMCID: PMC3329595 DOI: 10.1021/bc200264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, positron emitter labeled nanoparticles have been widely used in and substantially improved for a range of diagnostic biomedical research. However, given growing interest in personalized medicine and translational research, a major challenge in the field will be to develop disease-specific nanoprobes with facile and robust radiolabeling strategies and that provide imaging stability, enhanced sensitivity for disease early stage detection, optimized in vivo pharmacokinetics for reduced nonspecific organ uptake, and improved targeting for elevated efficacy. This review briefly summarizes the major applications of nanoparticles labeled with positron emitters for cardiovascular imaging, lung diagnosis, and tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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106
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Tu C, Louie AY. Nanoformulations for molecular MRI. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:448-57. [PMID: 22488901 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale contrast agents have shown the ability to increase the detection sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by several orders of magnitude, endowing this traditionally macroscopic modality with the ability to observe unique molecular signatures. Herein, we describe three types of nanoparticulate contrast agents: iron oxide nanoparticles, gadolinium-based nanoparticles, and bio-essential manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper ion-containing nanoformulations. Some of these agents have been approved for clinical use, but more are still under development for medical imaging. The advantages and disadvantages of each nanoformulation, in terms of intrinsic magnetism, ease of synthesis, biodistribution, etc. are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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107
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Pericleous P, Gazouli M, Lyberopoulou A, Rizos S, Nikiteas N, Efstathopoulos EP. Quantum dots hold promise for early cancer imaging and detection. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:519-28. [PMID: 22411309 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite all major breakthroughs in recent years of research concerning the complex events that lead to cancer expression and metastasis, we are not yet able to effectively treat cancer that has spread to vital organs. The various clinical phases originating from cancer diagnosis through treatment and prognosis require a comprehensive understanding of these events, to utilise pre-symptomatic, minimally invasive and targeted cancer management techniques. Current imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and gamma scintigraphy facilitate the pre-operative study of tumours, but they have been rendered unable to visualise cancer in early stages, due to their intrinsic limitations. The semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have excellent photo-physical properties, and the QDs-based probes have achieved encouraging developments in cellular (in vitro) and in vivo molecular imaging. However, the same unique physical and chemical properties which renowned QDs attractive may be associated with their potentially catastrophic effects on living cells and tissues. There are critical issues that need to be further examined to properly assess the risks associated with the manufacturing and use of QDs in cancer management. In this review, we aim to describe the current utilisation of QDs as well as their future prospective to decipher and confront cancer.
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108
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Plummer EM, Thomas D, Destito G, Shriver LP, Manchester M. Interaction of cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles with surface vimentin and inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:877-88. [PMID: 22394183 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Detection of atherosclerosis has generally been limited to the late stages of development, after cardiovascular symptoms present or a clinical event occurs. One possibility for early detection is the use of functionalized nanoparticles. The aim of this study was the early imaging of atherosclerosis using nanoparticles with a natural affinity for inflammatory cells in the lesion. MATERIALS & METHODS We investigated uptake of cowpea mosaic virus by macrophages and foam cells in vitro and correlated this with vimentin expression. We also examined the ability of cowpea mosaic virus to interact with atherosclerotic lesions in a murine model of atherosclerosis. RESULTS & CONCLUSION We found that uptake of cowpea mosaic virus is increased in areas of atherosclerotic lesion. This correlated with increased surface vimentin in the lesion compared with nonlesion vasculature. In conclusion, cowpea mosaic virus and its vimentin-binding region holds potential for use as a targeting ligand for early atherosclerotic lesions, and as a probe for detecting upregulation of surface vimentin during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Plummer
- University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, La Jolla, CA 92093-0749, USA
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109
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Dual-targeting of αvβ3 and galectin-1 improves the specificity of paramagnetic/fluorescent liposomes to tumor endothelium in vivo. J Control Release 2012; 158:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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110
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Shen B, Kezheng W, Xilin S, Lina W. Development of molecular imaging and nanomedicine in China. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:533-44. [PMID: 21850712 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress of molecular imaging (MI) and the application of nanotechnology in medicine have the potential to advance the foundations of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Although MI and biomedical nanotechnology are still in a formative phase in China, much has been achieved over the last decade. This article provides a commentary on the development and current status of nanomedicine in China, with a selective focus on Chinese nanoparticle synthesis technology, the development of imaging equipment, and the preclinical application of novel MI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Shen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China. ,
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111
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Wittenborn T, Nielsen T, Nygaard JV, Larsen EK, Thim T, Rydtoft LM, Vorup-Jensen T, Kjems J, Nielsen NC, Horsman MR, Falk E. Ultrahigh-field DCE-MRI of angiogenesis in a novel angiogenesis mouse model. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 35:703-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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112
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Monsky WL, Vien DS, Link DP. Nanotechnology Development and Utilization: A Primer for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiologists. Radiographics 2011; 31:1449-62. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.315105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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113
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Baba K, Tanaka Y, Kubota A, Kasai H, Yokokura S, Nakanishi H, Nishida K. A method for enhancing the ocular penetration of eye drops using nanoparticles of hydrolyzable dye. J Control Release 2011; 153:278-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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114
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Buxton DB, Antman M, Danthi N, Dilsizian V, Fayad ZA, Garcia MJ, Jaff MR, Klimas M, Libby P, Nahrendorf M, Sinusas AJ, Wickline SA, Wu JC, Bonow RO, Weissleder R. Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group on the translation of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Circulation 2011; 123:2157-63. [PMID: 21576680 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Buxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Dr, Room 8216, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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115
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Tu C, Ng TSC, Sohi HK, Palko HA, House A, Jacobs RE, Louie AY. Receptor-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles for molecular MR imaging of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7209-16. [PMID: 21742374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a number of literature reports iron oxide nanoparticles have been investigated for use in imaging atherosclerotic plaques and found to accumulate in plaques via uptake by macrophages, which are critical in the process of atheroma initiation, propagation, and rupture. However, the uptake of these agents is non-specific; thus the labeling efficiency for plaques in vivo is not ideal. We have developed targeted agents to improve the efficiency for labeling macrophage-laden plaques. These probes are based on iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran sulfate, a ligand of macrophage scavenger receptor type A (SR-A). We have sulfated dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (DIO) with sulfur trioxide, thereby targeting our nanoparticle imaging agents to SR-A. The sulfated DIO (SDIO) remained mono-dispersed and had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 62 nm, an r(1) relaxivity of 18.1 mM(-1) s(-1), and an r(2) relaxivity of 95.8 mM(-1) s(-1) (37 °C, 1.4 T). Cell studies confirmed that these nanoparticles were nontoxic and specifically targeted to macrophages. In vivo MRI after intravenous injection of the contrast agent into an atherosclerotic mouse injury model showed substantial signal loss on the injured carotid at 4 and 24 h post-injection of SDIO. No discernable signal decrease was seen at the control carotid and only mild signal loss was observed for the injured carotid post-injection of non-sulfated DIO, indicating preferential uptake of the SDIO particles at the site of atherosclerotic plaque. These results indicate that SDIO can facilitate MRI detection and diagnosis of vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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116
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Wise K, Brasuel M. The current state of engineered nanomaterials in consumer goods and waste streams: the need to develop nanoproperty-quantifiable sensors for monitoring engineered nanomaterials. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2011; 4:73-86. [PMID: 24198487 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As nanomaterials are harnessed for medicine and other technological advances, an understanding of the toxicology of these new materials is required to inform our use. This toxicological knowledge will be required to establish the medical and environmental regulations required to protect consumers and those involved in nanomaterial manufacturing. Nanoparticles of titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, semiconductor quantum dots, gold, and silver represent a high percentage of the nanotechnology currently available or currently poised to reach consumers. For these nanoparticles, this review aims to identify current applications, the current methods used for characterization and quantification, current environmental concentrations (if known), and an introduction to the toxicology research. Continued development of analytical tools for the characterization and quantification of nanomaterials in complex environmental and biological samples will be required for our understanding of the toxicology and environmental impact of nanomaterials. Nearly all materials exhibit toxicity at a high enough concentration. Robust, rapid, and cost effective analytical techniques will be required to determine current background levels of anthropogenic, accidental, and engineered nanoparticles in air, water, and soil. The impact of the growing number of engineered nanoparticles used in consumer goods and medical applications can then be estimated. This will allow toxicological profiles relevant to the demonstrated or predicted environmental concentrations to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Wise
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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117
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Gianella A, Jarzyna PA, Mani V, Ramachandran S, Calcagno C, Tang J, Kann B, Dijk WJ, Thijssen VL, Griffioen AW, Storm G, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJ. Multifunctional nanoemulsion platform for imaging guided therapy evaluated in experimental cancer. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4422-33. [PMID: 21557611 PMCID: PMC3296132 DOI: 10.1021/nn103336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle applications in medicine have seen a tremendous growth in the past decade. In addition to their drug targeting application and their ability to improve bioavailability of drugs, nanoparticles can be designed to allow their detection with a variety of imaging methodologies. In the current study, we developed a multimodal nanoparticle platform to enable imaging guided therapy, which was evaluated in a colon cancer mouse model. This "theranostic" platform is based on oil-in-water nanoemulsions and carries iron oxide nanocrystals for MRI, the fluorescent dye Cy7 for NIRF imaging, and the hydrophobic glucocorticoid prednisolone acetate valerate (PAV) for therapeutic purposes. Angiogenesis-targeted nanoemulsions functionalized with αvβ(3)-specific RGD peptides were evaluated, as well. When subcutaneous tumors were palpable, the nanoemulsions were administered at a dose of 30 mg of FeO/kg and 10 mg of PAV/kg. MRI and NIRF imaging showed significant nanoparticle accumulation in the tumors, while tumor growth profiles revealed a potent inhibitory effect in all of the PAV nanoemulsion-treated animals as compared to the ones treated with control nanoemulsions, the free drug, or saline. This study demonstrated that our nanoemulsions, when loaded with PAV, iron oxide nanocrystals, and Cy7, represent a flexible and unique theranostic nanoparticle platform that can be applied for imaging guided therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gianella
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
- Cardiology Monzino Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter A. Jarzyna
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
| | - Sarayu Ramachandran
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
| | - Jun Tang
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
| | - Benjamin Kann
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
| | - Wouter J.R. Dijk
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
| | - Victor L. Thijssen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC - Cancer Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUMC - Cancer Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmacological Science, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
| | - Willem J.M. Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York (NY), USA
- Corresponding author information: Telephone: +1 212-241-6549
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Almer G, Wernig K, Saba-Lepek M, Haj-Yahya S, Rattenberger J, Wagner J, Gradauer K, Frascione D, Pabst G, Leitinger G, Mangge H, Zimmer A, Prassl R. Adiponectin-coated nanoparticles for enhanced imaging of atherosclerotic plaques. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1279-90. [PMID: 21753879 PMCID: PMC3131194 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s18739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality in the Western world, and plaque diagnosis is still a challenge in cardiovascular medicine. The main focus of this study was to make atherosclerotic plaques visible using targeted nanoparticles for improved imaging. Today various biomarkers are known to be involved in the pathophysiologic scenario of atherosclerotic plaques. One promising new candidate is the globular domain of the adipocytokine adiponectin (gAd), which was used as a targeting sequence in this study. METHODS gAd was coupled to two different types of nanoparticles, namely protamine-oligonucleotide nanoparticles, known as proticles, and sterically stabilized liposomes. Both gAd-targeted nanoparticles were investigated for their potency to characterize critical scenarios within early and advanced atherosclerotic plaque lesions using an atherosclerotic mouse model. Aortic tissue from wild type and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, both fed a high-fat diet, were stained with either fluorescent-labeled gAd or gAd-coupled nanoparticles. Ex vivo imaging was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS gAd-targeted sterically stabilized liposomes generated a strong signal by accumulating at the surface of atherosclerotic plaques, while gAd-targeted proticles became internalized and showed more spotted plaque staining. CONCLUSION Our results offer a promising perspective for enhanced in vivo imaging using gAd-targeted nanoparticles. By means of nanoparticles, a higher payload of signal emitting molecules could be transported to atherosclerotic plaques. Additionally, the opportunity is opened up to visualize different regions in the plaque scenario, depending on the nature of the nanoparticle used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz, Austria
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Young VEL, Degnan AJ, Gillard JH. Advances in contrast media for vascular imaging of atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/iim.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Agudelo CA, Tachibana Y, Noboru T, Iida H, Yamaoka T. Long-term in vivo magnetic resonance imaging tracking of endothelial progenitor cells transplanted in rat ischemic limbs and their angiogenic potential. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2079-89. [PMID: 21466415 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been used to repair ischemic tissues in the limbs, in myocardial infarctions, and in the brain. To understand the mechanisms of healing, a contrast agent capable of inducing sufficient magnetic resonance (MR) contrast would be useful in providing fundamental information about the cell migration and incorporation into the ischemic tissue. A magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent composed of dextran and gadolinium chelate was synthesized. Hydroxyl groups of dextran were activated with 1,1'-carbonylbis-1H-imidazole and reacted with propanediamine to obtain aminated dextran. This modified polymer was then reacted with mono-N-succinimidyl 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate, then with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and finally reacted with gadolinium chloride solution (Dex-DOTA-Gd3(+)). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were selected as a stem cell model for magnetic resonance imaging tracking. Cells were isolated from the bone marrow harvested from the femurs and tibias of rats. Dex-DOTA-Gd3(+) was then introduced into the EPCs by electroporation. The intracellular stability and cytotoxicity of Dex-DOTA-Gd3(+) were evaluated in vitro. Dex-DOTA-Gd3(+)-labeled EPCs were transplanted into a rat model of ischemic limb, and MR images were acquired. Dex-DOTA-Gd3(+) was found to efficiently label EPCs over a long duration without significant cytotoxicity. This provides an MR signal sufficient for tracking the EPCs intramuscularly injected into the limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Agudelo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Gupta AS. Nanomedicine approaches in vascular disease: a review. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:763-79. [PMID: 21601009 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanomedicine approaches have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and vascular diseases, where the limitations of rapid nonspecific clearance, poor biodistribution and harmful side effects associated with direct systemic drug administration can be overcome by packaging the agents within sterically stabilized, long-circulating nanovehicles that can be further surface-modified with ligands to actively target cellular/molecular components of the disease. With significant advancements in genetics, proteomics, cellular and molecular biology and biomaterials engineering, the nanomedicine strategies have become progressively refined regarding the modulation of surface and bulk chemistry of the nanovehicles, control of drug release kinetics, manipulation of nanoconstruct geometry and integration of multiple functionalities on single nanoplatforms. The current review aims to capture the various nanomedicine approaches directed specifically toward vascular diseases during the past two decades. Analysis of the promises and limitations of these approaches will help identify and optimize vascular nanomedicine systems to enhance their efficacy and clinical translation in the future. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Nanomedicine-based approaches have had a major impact on the treatment and diagnosis of malignancies and vascular diseases. This review discusses various nanomedicine approaches directed specifically toward vascular diseases during the past two decades, highlighting their advantages, limitations and offering new perspectives on future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Maiseyeu A, Mihai G, Roy S, Kherada N, Simonetti OP, Sen CK, Sun Q, Parthasarathy S, Rajagopalan S. Detection of macrophages via paramagnetic vesicles incorporating oxidatively tailored cholesterol ester: an approach for atherosclerosis imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 5:1341-56. [PMID: 21128718 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Macrophages play a key role in the initiation, progression and complications of atherosclerosis. In this article we describe the synthesis of biocompatible, paramagnetic, fluorescent phosphatidylserine vesicles containing cholesterol ester with a free carboxylic acid function and its use for targeted imaging of macrophages. METHODS & RESULTS We synthesized anionic vesicles containing a combination of phosphatidylserine and a novel synthetic oxidized cholesterol ester derivative (cholesterol-9-carboxynonanoate [9-CCN]). In vitro studies to characterize particle size, MRI relaxation times and stability were performed. Vesicles containing 9-CCN demonstrated enhanced ability to bind human low-density lipoprotein and to be internalized by macrophages. Experiments in cultured macrophages with 9-CCN vesicles, alone and in the presence of low-density lipoprotein, indicated uptake of vesicles through scavenger receptor and integrin-dependent pathways. In vivo MRI using 9-CCN vesicles containing gadolinium in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis revealed protracted enhancement of 9-CCN vesicles and colocalization with arterial macrophages not seen with control vesicles. Pharmacokinetic experiments demonstrated prolonged plasma residence time of 9-CCN vesicles, perhaps due to its capacity to bind to low-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION Vesicles containing 9-CCN demonstrate prolonged plasma and plaque retention in experimental atherosclerosis. Such a strategy may represent a simple yet clinically relevant approach for macrophage imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Maiseyeu
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Room 110, 473 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, USA
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Leuschner F, Nahrendorf M. Molecular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: considerations for the bench and perspectives for the clinic. Circ Res 2011; 108:593-606. [PMID: 21372291 PMCID: PMC3397211 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.232678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the promise to transform preclinical research and clinical care, cardiovascular molecular imaging has made advances toward targeting coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure. Here, we discuss recent progress in the field, highlight how molecular imaging may facilitate preventive patient care, and review specific challenges associated with coronary and heart failure imaging. Practical considerations stress the potential of fluorescence imaging for basic research and discuss hybrid protocols such as FMT-CT and PET-MRI.
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Gomes MTR, Guimarães G, Frézard F, Kalapothakis E, Minozzo JC, Chaim OM, Veiga SS, Oliveira SC, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Determination of sphingomyelinase-D activity of Loxosceles venoms in sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes containing horseradish peroxidase. Toxicon 2011; 57:574-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhao B, He YY. Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 10:1797-809. [PMID: 21080805 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive procedure that involves a photosensitizing drug and its subsequent activation by light to produce reactive oxygen species that specifically destroy target cells. Recently, PDT has been widely used in treating non-melanoma skin malignancies, the most common cancer in the USA, with superior cosmetic outcomes compared with conventional therapies. The topical 'photosensitizers' commonly used are 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its esterified derivative methyl 5-aminolevulinate, which are precursors of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. After treatment with ALA or methyl 5-aminolevulinate, protoporphyrin IX preferentially accumulates in the lesion area of various skin diseases, which allows not only PDT treatment but also fluorescence diagnosis with ALA-induced porphyrins. Susceptible lesions include various forms of non-melanoma skin cancer such as actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The most recent and promising developments in PDT include the discovery of new photosensitizers, the exploitation of new drug delivery systems and the combination of other modalities, which will all contribute to increasing PDT therapeutic efficacy and improving outcome. This article summarizes the main principles of PDT and its current clinical use in the management of non-melanoma skin cancers, as well as recent developments and possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Zhao
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Yu SS, Scherer RL, Ortega RA, Bell CS, O'Neil CP, Hubbell JA, Giorgio TD. Enzymatic- and temperature-sensitive controlled release of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs). J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:7. [PMID: 21352596 PMCID: PMC3056743 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug and contrast agent delivery systems that achieve controlled release in the presence of enzymatic activity are becoming increasingly important, as enzymatic activity is a hallmark of a wide array of diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis. Here, we have synthesized clusters of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs) that sense enzymatic activity for applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To achieve this goal, we utilize amphiphilic poly(propylene sulfide)-bl-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPS-b-PEG) copolymers, which are known to have excellent properties for smart delivery of drug and siRNA. Results Monodisperse PPS polymers were synthesized by anionic ring opening polymerization of propylene sulfide, and were sequentially reacted with commercially available heterobifunctional PEG reagents and then ssDNA sequences to fashion biofunctional PPS-bl-PEG copolymers. They were then combined with hydrophobic 12 nm USPIO cores in the thin-film hydration method to produce ssDNA-displaying USPIO micelles. Micelle populations displaying complementary ssDNA sequences were mixed to induce crosslinking of the USPIO micelles. By design, these crosslinking sequences contained an EcoRV cleavage site. Treatment of the clusters with EcoRV results in a loss of R2 negative contrast in the system. Further, the USPIO clusters demonstrate temperature sensitivity as evidenced by their reversible dispersion at ~75°C and re-clustering following return to room temperature. Conclusions This work demonstrates proof of concept of an enzymatically-actuatable and thermoresponsive system for dynamic biosensing applications. The platform exhibits controlled release of nanoparticles leading to changes in magnetic relaxation, enabling detection of enzymatic activity. Further, the presented functionalization scheme extends the scope of potential applications for PPS-b-PEG. Combined with previous findings using this polymer platform that demonstrate controlled drug release in oxidative environments, smart theranostic applications combining drug delivery with imaging of platform localization are within reach. The modular design of these USPIO nanoclusters enables future development of platforms for imaging and drug delivery targeted towards proteolytic activity in tumors and in advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shann S Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Tu C, Osborne EA, Louie AY. Activatable T₁ and T₂ magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:1335-48. [PMID: 21331662 PMCID: PMC3069332 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the most important diagnosis tools available in medicine. Typically MRI is not capable of sensing biochemical activities. However, recently emerged activatable MRI contrast agents (CAs), whose relaxivity is variable in response to a specific parameter change in the surrounding physiological microenvironment, potentially allow for MRI to indicate biological processes. Among the various factors influencing the relaxivity of a CA, the number of inner-sphere water molecules (q) directly coordinated to the metal center, the residence time of the coordinated water molecule (τ (m)), and the rotational correlation time representing the molecular tumbling time of a complex (τ (R)) contribute strongly to the relaxivity of an activatable CA. Tuning the ligand structure and properties has been the subject of intensive research for activatable MR CA designs. This review summarizes a variety of activatable MRI CAs sensitive to common variables in microenvironment in vivo, i.e., pH, luminescence, metal ions, redox, and enzymes, etc., with emphasis on the influence of ligand design on parameters q, τ (m), and τ (R).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Abstract
Over the last decade, integrin αvβ3 has been studied with every single molecular imaging modality. Since no single modality is perfect and sufficient to obtain all the necessary information for a particular question, combination of certain molecular imaging modalities can offer synergistic advantages over any modality alone. This review will focus on multimodality imaging of integrin αvβ3 expression, where the contrast agent used can be detected by two or more imaging modalities, such as combinations of PET and optical, SPECT and fluorescence, PET and MRI, SPECT and MRI, and lastly, MRI and fluorescence. Most of these agents are based on certain type(s) of nanoparticles. Contrast agents that can be detected by more than two imaging modalities are expected to emerge in the future and a PET/MRI/fluorescence agent will likely find the most future biomedical/clinical applications. Big strides have been made over the last decade for imaging integrin αvβ3 expression and several PET/SPECT probes have been tested in human studies. For dualmodality and multimodality imaging applications, a number of proof-of-principle studies have been reported which opened up many new avenues for future research. The next decade will likely witness further growth and continued prosperity of molecular imaging studies focusing on integrin αvβ3, which can eventually impact patient management.
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) affect 5% of the population in developed countries and are characterized by progressive aortic dilatation with an unpredictable time course. This condition is more common in men than in women, and in smokers than in nonsmokers. If left untreated, AAA can result in aortic rupture and death. Pathologically, aortic extracellular matrix degradation, inflammation, and neovascularization are hallmarks of AAA. Diagnosis of AAA and subsequent surveillance utilize established aortic imaging methods, such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI. More-speculative diagnostic approaches include molecular and cellular imaging methods that interrogate the underlying pathological processes at work within the aneurysm. In this Review, we explore the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of AAA. We also describe the diagnostic potential of new imaging techniques and therapeutic potential of new treatments for the management of small AAA.
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Hubbs AF, Mercer RR, Benkovic SA, Harkema JACK, Sriram K, Schwegler-Berry D, Goravanahally MP, Nurkiewicz TR, Castranova V, Sargent LM. Nanotoxicology--a pathologist's perspective. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:301-24. [PMID: 21422259 PMCID: PMC9808592 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310390705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in chemistry and engineering have created a new technology, nanotechnology, involving the tiniest known manufactured products. These products have a rapidly increasing market share and appear poised to revolutionize engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Unfortunately, nanotoxicology, the study of nanoparticulate health effects, lags behind advances in nanotechnology. Over the past decade, existing literature on ultrafine particles and respirable durable fibers has been supplemented by studies of first-generation nanotechnology products. These studies suggest that nanosizing increases the toxicity of many particulates. First, as size decreases, surface area increases, thereby speeding up dissolution of soluble particulates and exposing more of the reactive surface of durable but reactive particulates. Second, nanosizing facilitates movement of particulates across cellular and intracellular barriers. Third, nanosizing allows particulates to interact with, and sometimes even hybridize with, subcellular structures, including in some cases microtubules and DNA. Finally, nanosizing of some particulates, increases pathologic and physiologic responses, including inflammation, fibrosis, allergic responses, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and may alter cardiovascular and lymphatic function. Knowing how the size and physiochemical properties of nanoparticulates affect bioactivity is important in assuring that the exciting new products of nanotechnology are used safely. This review provides an introduction to the pathology and toxicology of nanoparticulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F. Hubbs
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert R. Mercer
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stanley A. Benkovic
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - JACK Harkema
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Madhusudan P. Goravanahally
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Linda M. Sargent
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Dual- and multi-energy CT: approach to functional imaging. Insights Imaging 2011; 2:149-159. [PMID: 22347944 PMCID: PMC3259372 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-010-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy spectrum of X-ray photons after passage through an absorber contains information about its elemental composition. Thus, tissue characterisation becomes feasible provided that absorption characteristics can be measured or differentiated. Dual-energy CT uses two X-ray spectra enabling material differentiation by analysing material-dependent photo-electric and Compton effects. Elemental concentrations can thereby be determined using three-material decomposition algorithms. In comparison to dual-energy CT used in clinical practice, recently developed energy-sensitive photon-counting detectors sample the material-specific attenuation curves at multiple energy levels and within narrow energy bands; the latter allows the detection of element-specific, k-edge discontinuities of the photo-electric cross section. Multi-energy CT imaging therefore is able to concurrently identify multiple materials with increased accuracy. These specific data on material distribution provide information beyond morphological CT, and approach functional imaging. This article reviews the principles of dual- and multi-energy CT imaging, hardware approaches and clinical applications.
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Wang J, Shah A, Yu X. The influence of fiber thickness, wall thickness and gap distance on the spiral nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Skajaa T, Zhao Y, van den Heuvel DJ, Gerritsen HC, Cormode DP, Koole R, van Schooneveld MM, Post JA, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA, de Mello Donega C, Meijerink A, Mulder WJM. Quantum dot and Cy5.5 labeled nanoparticles to investigate lipoprotein biointeractions via Förster resonance energy transfer. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:5131-8. [PMID: 21087054 PMCID: PMC3256273 DOI: 10.1021/nl1037903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of lipoproteins, natural nanoparticles comprised of lipids and apolipoproteins that transport fats throughout the body, is of key importance to better understand, treat, and prevent cardiovascular disease. In the current study, we have developed a lipoprotein-based nanoparticle that consists of a quantum dot (QD) core and Cy5.5 labeled lipidic coating. The methodology allows judicious tuning of the QD/Cy5.5 ratio, which enabled us to optimize Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the QD core and the Cy5.5-labeled coating. This phenomenon allowed us to study lipoprotein-lipoprotein interactions, lipid exchange dynamics, and the influence of apolipoproteins on these processes. Moreover, we were able to study HDL-cell interactions and exploit FRET to visualize HDL association with live macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torjus Skajaa
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Clinical Institute and Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital (Skejby), Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200 Århus N, Denmark
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dave J. van den Heuvel
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David P. Cormode
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Rolf Koole
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matti M. van Schooneveld
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Andries Post
- Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, Smilow 8, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. . Telephone: +1 2122417717
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Kagadis GC, Loudos G, Katsanos K, Langer SG, Nikiforidis GC. In vivosmall animal imaging: Current status and future prospects. Med Phys 2010; 37:6421-42. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3515456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J. M. Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY USA
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim JK, Seo SJ, Kim KH, Kim TJ, Chung MH, Kim KR, Yang TK. Therapeutic application of metallic nanoparticles combined with particle-induced x-ray emission effect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:425102. [PMID: 20858930 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/42/425102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (MNP) are able to release localized x-rays when activated with a high energy proton beam by the particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) effect. The exploitation of this phenomenon in the therapeutic irradiation of tumors has been investigated. PIXE-based x-ray emission directed at CT26 tumor cells in vitro, when administered with either gold (average diameter 2 and 13 nm) or iron (average diameter 14 nm) nanoparticles (GNP or SNP), increased with MNP solution concentration over the range of 0.1-2 mg ml(-1). With irradiation by a 45 MeV proton therapy (PT) beam, higher concentrations had a decreased cell survival fraction. An in vivo study in CT26 mouse tumor models with tumor regression assay demonstrated significant tumor dose enhancement, thought to be a result of the PIXE effect when compared to conventional PT without MNP (radiation-only group) using a 45 MeV proton beam (p < 0.02). Those receiving GNP or SNP injection doses of 300 mg kg(-1) body weight before proton beam therapy demonstrated 90% or 75% tumor volume reduction (TVR) in 20 days post-PT while the radiation-only group showed only 18% TVR and re-growth of tumor volume after 20 days. Higher complete tumor regression (CTR) was observed in 14-24 days after a single treatment of PT with an average rate of 33-65% for those receiving MNP compared with 25% for the radiation-only group. A lower bound of therapeutic effective MNP concentration range, in vivo, was estimated as 30-79 µg g(-1) tissue for both gold and iron nanoparticles. The tumor dose enhancement may compensate for an increase in entrance dose associated with conventional PT when treating large, solid tumors with a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) technique. The use of a combined high energy Bragg peak PT with PIXE generated by MNP, or PIXE alone, may result in new treatment options for infiltrative metastatic tumors and other diffuse inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea.
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Chen W, Cormode DP, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for vascular and cardiac diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:146-161. [PMID: 20967875 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nanoparticle contrast agents for molecular imaging have made magnetic resonance imaging a promising modality for noninvasive visualization and assessment of vascular and cardiac disease processes. This review provides a description of the various nanoparticles exploited for imaging cardiovascular targets. Nanoparticle probes detecting inflammation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis may provide tools for assessing the risk of progressive vascular dysfunction and heart failure. The utility of nanoparticles as multimodal probes and/or theranostic agents has also been investigated. Although clinical application of these nanoparticles is largely unexplored, the potential for enhancing disease diagnosis and treatment is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Jayagopal A, Linton MF, Fazio S, Haselton FR. Insights into atherosclerosis using nanotechnology. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010; 12:209-15. [PMID: 20425261 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-010-0106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A developing forefront in vascular disease research is the application of nanotechnology, the engineering of devices at the molecular scale, for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in atherosclerosis. Promising research in this field over the past decade has resulted in the preclinical validation of nanoscale devices that target cellular and molecular components of the atherosclerotic plaque, including one of its prominent cell types, the macrophage. Nanoscale contrast agents targeting constituents of plaque biology have been adapted for application in multiple imaging modalities, leading toward more detailed diagnostic readouts, whereas nanoscale drug delivery devices can be tailored for site-specific therapeutic activity. This review highlights recent progress in utilizing nanotechnology for the clinical management of atherosclerosis, drawing upon recent preclinical studies relevant to diagnosis and treatment of the plaque and promising future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwath Jayagopal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B Box 351822, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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140
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Yavlovich A, Smith B, Gupta K, Blumenthal R, Puri A. Light-sensitive lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery: design principles and future considerations for biological applications. Mol Membr Biol 2010; 27:364-81. [PMID: 20939770 PMCID: PMC3244831 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2010.507788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-based therapies aided by nanoparticles have been developed for decades, and can be primarily categorized into two main platforms. First, delivery of payload of photo-reactive drugs (photosensitizers) using the conventional nanoparticles, and second, design and development of photo-triggerable nanoparticles (primarily liposomes) to attain light-assisted on-demand drug delivery. The main focus of this review is to provide an update of the history, current status and future applications of photo-triggerable lipid-based nanoparticles (light-sensitive liposomes). We will begin with a brief overview on the applications of liposomes for delivery of photosensitizers, including the choice of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, as well as the currently available light sources (lasers) used for these applications. The main segment of this review will encompass the details of strategies used to develop photo-triggerable liposomes for their drug delivery function. The principles underlying the assembly of photoreactive lipids into nanoparticles (liposomes) and photo-triggering mechanisms will be presented. We will also discuss factors that limit the applications of these liposomes for in vivo triggered drug delivery and emerging concepts that may lead to the biologically viable photo-activation strategies. We will conclude with our view point on the future perspectives of light-sensitive liposomes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amichai Yavlovich
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD
| | - Brandon Smith
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD
| | - Kshitij Gupta
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD
| | - Robert Blumenthal
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD
| | - Anu Puri
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD
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141
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Spontaneous adsorption of silver nanoparticles on Ti/TiO2 surfaces. Antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 350:402-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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142
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Janib SM, Moses AS, MacKay JA. Imaging and drug delivery using theranostic nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1052-1063. [PMID: 20709124 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle technologies are significantly impacting the development of both therapeutic and diagnostic agents. At the intersection between treatment and diagnosis, interest has grown in combining both paradigms into clinically effective formulations. This concept, recently coined as theranostics, is highly relevant to agents that target molecular biomarkers of disease and is expected to contribute to personalized medicine. Here we review state-of-the-art nanoparticles from a therapeutic and a diagnostic perspective and discuss challenges in bringing these fields together. Major classes of nanoparticles include, drug conjugates and complexes, dendrimers, vesicles, micelles, core-shell particles, microbubbles, and carbon nanotubes. Most of these formulations have been described as carriers of either drugs or contrast agents. To observe these formulations and their interactions with disease, a variety of contrast agents have been used, including optically active small molecules, metals and metal oxides, ultrasonic contrast agents, and radionuclides. The opportunity to rapidly assess and adjust treatment to the needs of the individual offers potential advantages that will spur the development of theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti M Janib
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9121, USA
| | - Ara S Moses
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9121, USA
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9121, USA
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143
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Jarzyna PA, Gianella A, Skajaa T, Knudsen G, Deddens LH, Cormode DP, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Multifunctional imaging nanoprobes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:138-50. [PMID: 20039335 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional imaging nanoprobes have proven to be of great value in the research of pathological processes, as well as the assessment of the delivery, fate, and therapeutic potential of encapsulated drugs. Moreover, such probes may potentially support therapy schemes by the exploitation of their own physical properties, e.g., through thermal ablation. This review will present four classes of nanoparticulate imaging probes used in this area: multifunctional probes (1) that can be tracked with at least three different and complementary imaging techniques, (2) that carry a drug and have bimodal imaging properties, (3) that are employed for nucleic acid delivery and imaging, and (4) imaging probes with capabilities that can be used for thermal ablation. We will highlight several examples where the suitable combination of different (bio)materials like polymers, inorganic nanocrystals, fluorophores, proteins/peptides, and lipids can be tailored to manufacture multifunctional probes to accomplish nanomaterials of each of the aforementioned classes. Moreover, it will be demonstrated how multimodality imaging approaches improve our understanding of in vivo nanoparticle behavior and efficacy at different levels, ranging from the subcellular level to the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Jarzyna
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Imaging Science Laboratories, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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144
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Loudos G, Kagadis GC, Psimadas D. Current status and future perspectives of in vivo small animal imaging using radiolabeled nanoparticles. Eur J Radiol 2010; 78:287-95. [PMID: 20637553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Small animal molecular imaging is a rapidly expanding efficient tool to study biological processes non-invasively. The use of radiolabeled tracers provides non-destructive, imaging information, allowing time related phenomena to be repeatedly studied in a single animal. In the last decade there has been an enormous progress in related technologies and a number of dedicated imaging systems overcome the limitations that the size of small animal possesses. On the other hand, nanoparticles (NPs) gain increased interest, due to their unique properties, which make them perfect candidates for biological applications. Over the past 5 years the two fields seem to cross more and more often; radiolabeled NPs have been assessed in numerous pre-clinical studies that range from oncology, till HIV treatment. In this article the current status in the tools, applications and trends of radiolabeled NPs reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Loudos
- Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, AG. Spyridonos 28, Egaleo 12210, Greece.
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145
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Bäumler H, Georgieva R. Coupled Enzyme Reactions in Multicompartment Microparticles. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1480-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Bäumler
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radostina Georgieva
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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146
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147
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Modified natural nanoparticles as contrast agents for medical imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:329-38. [PMID: 19900496 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel and effective contrast agents is one of the drivers of the ongoing improvement in medical imaging. Many of the new agents reported are nanoparticle-based. There are a variety of natural nanoparticles known, e.g. lipoproteins, viruses or ferritin. Natural nanoparticles have advantages as delivery platforms such as biodegradability. In addition, our understanding of natural nanoparticles is quite advanced, allowing their adaptation as contrast agents. They can be labeled with small molecules or ions such as Gd(3+) to act as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, (18)F to act as positron emission tomography contrast agents or fluorophores to act as contrast agents for fluorescence techniques. Additionally, inorganic nanoparticles such as iron oxide, gold nanoparticles or quantum dots can be incorporated to add further contrast functionality. Furthermore, these natural nanoparticle contrast agents can be re-routed from their natural targets via the attachment of targeting molecules. In this review, we discuss the various modified natural nanoparticles that have been exploited as contrast agents.
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148
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Mokhonoana MP, Coville NJ, Datye AK. Small Au Nanoparticles Supported on MCM-41 Containing a Surfactant. Catal Letters 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-010-0300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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149
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Abstract
Nanomedicine has become an important tool in the imaging and therapy of numerous diseases. This is due, in large part, to the ability to generate multifunctional nanoagents bearing combinations of targeting, diagnostic, and therapeutic moieties, allowing for the tailoring of the properties of the synthesized nanomaterials. With respect to cardiovascular disease and its sequelae, nanomedicine has the potential to detect and treat some of the leading causes of death and disability in the developed world, including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. As such, this review focuses on some of the most poignant examples of the utility of nanomedicine in the detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease that have been recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R McCarthy
- The Center for Molecular Imaging Research and The Center for Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6th Floor, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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150
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Sakamoto JH, van de Ven AL, Godin B, Blanco E, Serda RE, Grattoni A, Ziemys A, Bouamrani A, Hu T, Ranganathan SI, De Rosa E, Martinez JO, Smid CA, Buchanan RM, Lee SY, Srinivasan S, Landry M, Meyn A, Tasciotti E, Liu X, Decuzzi P, Ferrari M. Enabling individualized therapy through nanotechnology. Pharmacol Res 2010; 62:57-89. [PMID: 20045055 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individualized medicine is the healthcare strategy that rebukes the idiomatic dogma of 'losing sight of the forest for the trees'. We are entering a new era of healthcare where it is no longer acceptable to develop and market a drug that is effective for only 80% of the patient population. The emergence of "-omic" technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) and advances in systems biology are magnifying the deficiencies of standardized therapy, which often provide little treatment latitude for accommodating patient physiologic idiosyncrasies. A personalized approach to medicine is not a novel concept. Ever since the scientific community began unraveling the mysteries of the genome, the promise of discarding generic treatment regimens in favor of patient-specific therapies became more feasible and realistic. One of the major scientific impediments of this movement towards personalized medicine has been the need for technological enablement. Nanotechnology is projected to play a critical role in patient-specific therapy; however, this transition will depend heavily upon the evolutionary development of a systems biology approach to clinical medicine based upon "-omic" technology analysis and integration. This manuscript provides a forward looking assessment of the promise of nanomedicine as it pertains to individualized medicine and establishes a technology "snapshot" of the current state of nano-based products over a vast array of clinical indications and range of patient specificity. Other issues such as market driven hurdles and regulatory compliance reform are anticipated to "self-correct" in accordance to scientific advancement and healthcare demand. These peripheral, non-scientific concerns are not addressed at length in this manuscript; however they do exist, and their impact to the paradigm shifting healthcare transformation towards individualized medicine will be critical for its success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Sakamoto
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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