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Yamamoto S, Fukushima H, Fukuda S, Uehara S, Yasuda Y, Tanaka H, Yoshida S, Yokoyama M, Matsuoka Y, Fujii Y. Early cancer cachexia phenotype predicts survival of advanced urothelial cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 18:410-418. [PMID: 34811871 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to explore the association between cancer cachexia phenotypes in the early phase of treatment induction and the prognosis of advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) patients receiving pembrolizumab. METHODS This retrospective study included 31 aUC patients treated with pembrolizumab as a second- or later-line therapy. Patients were categorized into three early cancer cachexia phenotypes by changes in skeletal muscle and total adipose indices calculated using computed tomography images taken immediately before and within 3 months after the initiation of pembrolizumab: No Wasting (NW, 11 patients), Fat-Only Wasting (FW, 13), and Muscle and Fat Wasting (MFW, seven). Its association with objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 5.7 months. The median number of cycles of pembrolizumab was five. The ORR in NW/FW/MFW was 86%/38%/0%, respectively (p = 0.001). The PFS and OS rates were the best in NW, followed in order by FW and MFW (PFS, 69%/45%/0% at 12 months, p = 0.008; OS, 100%/65%/0% at 12 months, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis including posttherapeutic cachexia-associated parameters, cancer cachexia phenotype (MFW vs. FW/NW) was an independent predictor of poor OS (hazard ratio 8.59, p < 0.001) along with an increase in neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Early cancer cachexia phenotypes were significantly associated with the survival of aUC patients treated with pembrolizumab. In contrast to the very early progression and poor prognosis in the MFW group, long-term survival can be expected in the NW/FW groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukushima
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Fukuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Uehara
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yasuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minato Yokoyama
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoh Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujii
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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102
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Pang Y, Zhang C, Gao J. Macrophages as Emerging Key Players in Mitochondrial Transfers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:747377. [PMID: 34722528 PMCID: PMC8548694 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.747377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a group of heterogeneous cells widely present throughout the body. Under the influence of their specific environments, via both contact and noncontact signals, macrophages integrate into host tissues and contribute to their development and the functions of their constituent cells. Mitochondria are essential organelles that perform intercellular transfers to regulate cell homeostasis. Our review focuses on newly discovered roles of mitochondrial transfers between macrophages and surrounding cells and summarizes emerging functions of macrophages in transmitophagy, metabolic regulation, and immune defense. We also discuss the negative influence of mitochondrial transfers on macrophages, as well as current therapies targeting mitochondria in macrophages. Regulation of macrophages through mitochondrial transfers between macrophages and their surrounding cells is a promising therapy for various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, obesity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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103
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Prognostic Implications of Intratumoral and Peritumoral Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4367-4376. [PMID: 34898543 PMCID: PMC8628731 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic implications of intratumoral and peritumoral infiltrating T-lymphocytes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through a meta-analysis. A total of 18 eligible studies and 2453 PDAC patients were included in the present study. Intratumoral and peritumoral infiltrating lymphocytes were evaluated using various markers, such as CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and immune cell score. The correlations between these parameters and overall and disease-free survival were investigated and used in the meta-analysis. High intratumoral infiltration of CD3-, CD4-, and CD8-expressing lymphocytes was significantly correlated with better overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.747, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.620-0.900, HR 0.755, 95% CI 0.632-0.902, and HR 0.754, 95% CI 0.611-0.930, respectively). However, there was no significant correlation between PDAC prognosis and intratumoral FOXP3 or immune cell score (HR 1.358, 95% CI 1.115-1.655 and HR 0.776, 95% CI 0.566-1.065, respectively). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the prognosis and peritumoral infiltrating T-lymphocytes. In evaluations of disease-free survival, only high intratumoral CD4 infiltration was correlated with a better prognosis (HR 0.525, 95% CI 0.341-0.810). Our results showed that high intratumoral infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly correlated with a better PDAC prognosis. However, among the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, CD3, CD4, and CD8 had prognostic implications, but not FOXP3 and immune cell score.
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104
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Zhao B, Zhou B, Dong C, Zhang R, Xie D, Tian Y, Yang L. Lactobacillus reuteri Alleviates Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Rituximab by Regulating the Proinflammatory T Cells in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645500. [PMID: 34712207 PMCID: PMC8546249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rituximab (RTX) is a widely used anticancer drug with gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The reason for these side effects is still poorly understood. Previous studies have reported that the intestinal microbiota is associated with the occurrence of disease and the therapeutic effect of drugs. In this study, we observed mucosal damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and increased intestinal inflammatory factor expression in RTX-treated mice. RTX also changed the diversity of the intestinal microbiota in mice, and decreased abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri was observed in RTX-treated mice. Further experiments revealed that intragastric administration of L. reuteri in RTX-treated mice attenuated the intestinal inflammatory response induced by RTX and regulated the proportion of helper T (Th) cells. In conclusion, our data characterize the effect of the intestinal microbiota on RTX-induced intestinal inflammation, suggesting that modifying the gut microbiota may represent a positive strategy for managing adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Alvarez R, Mandal D, Chittiboina P. Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of PFKFB3 in Brain Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112913. [PMID: 34831136 PMCID: PMC8616071 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PFKFB3 is a bifunctional enzyme that modulates and maintains the intracellular concentrations of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6-P2), essentially controlling the rate of glycolysis. PFKFB3 is a known activator of glycolytic rewiring in neoplastic cells, including central nervous system (CNS) neoplastic cells. The pathologic regulation of PFKFB3 is invoked via various microenvironmental stimuli and oncogenic signals. Hypoxia is a primary inducer of PFKFB3 transcription via HIF-1alpha. In addition, translational modifications of PFKFB3 are driven by various intracellular signaling pathways that allow PFKFB3 to respond to varying stimuli. PFKFB3 synthesizes F2,6P2 through the phosphorylation of F6P with a donated PO4 group from ATP and has the highest kinase activity of all PFKFB isoenzymes. The intracellular concentration of F2,6P2 in cancers is maintained primarily by PFKFB3 allowing cancer cells to evade glycolytic suppression. PFKFB3 is a primary enzyme responsible for glycolytic tumor metabolic reprogramming. PFKFB3 protein levels are significantly higher in high-grade glioma than in non-pathologic brain tissue or lower grade gliomas, but without relative upregulation of transcript levels. High PFKFB3 expression is linked to poor survival in brain tumors. Solitary or concomitant PFKFB3 inhibition has additionally shown great potential in restoring chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity in treatment-resistant brain tumors. An improved understanding of canonical and non-canonical functions of PFKFB3 could allow for the development of effective combinatorial targeted therapies for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier Alvarez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Disorders, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA;
| | - Debjani Mandal
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Disorders, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA;
| | - Prashant Chittiboina
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Disorders, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA;
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
- Correspondence:
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106
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Pan C, Fujiwara Y, Horlad H, Iriki T, Shiraishi D, Komohara Y. Cyclic sulfur compounds targeting macrophage polarization into M2/protumor phenotype and their anti-tumor effects. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1331-1343. [PMID: 34655303 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), especially the M2-like phenotype, promote tumor progression, making them candidate targets for anti-tumor therapy. We previously discovered a cyclic sulfur compound, Onionin A (ONA), which suppresses tumor progression by inhibiting the M2-polarization of TAMs. In the present study, we sought to find new candidate compounds possessing a stronger effect compared to ONA by exploring compounds with structures similar to those of ONA among several cyclic sulfur compounds. A total of 81 cyclic sulfur compounds were screened, and their effects on macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype were tested using human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). The anti-tumor effects of the identified candidate compounds were examined in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Three candidate compounds inhibited both IL-10- and tumor culture supernatant (TCS)-induced M2-polarization of HMDMs. These compounds also suppressed STAT3 activation in HMDMs stimulated by IL-10 and TCS, whereas these compounds had no effect on STAT3 activation in tumor cells. Furthermore, these compounds inhibited tumor cell proliferation under co-culture conditions with HMDMs, indicating that the three candidate compounds suppress tumor proliferation by regulating cell-cell interactions between tumor cells and macrophages. In addition, two of these candidate compounds had inhibitory effects on tumor growth and lung metastasis in the LM8 tumor-bearing mouse model. Our study identified new candidate cyclic sulfur compounds for anti-tumor therapy targeting the M2-polarization of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Hasita Horlad
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Toyohisa Iriki
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiraishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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107
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Jaggi U, Matundan HH, Yu J, Hirose S, Mueller M, Wormley FL, Ghiasi H. Essential role of M1 macrophages in blocking cytokine storm and pathology associated with murine HSV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009999. [PMID: 34653236 PMCID: PMC8550391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular HSV-1 infection is a major cause of eye disease and innate and adaptive immunity both play a role in protection and pathology associated with ocular infection. Previously we have shown that M1-type macrophages are the major and earliest infiltrates into the cornea of infected mice. We also showed that HSV-1 infectivity in the presence and absence of M2-macrophages was similar to wild-type (WT) control mice. However, it is not clear whether the absence of M1 macrophages plays a role in protection and disease in HSV-1 infected mice. To explore the role of M1 macrophages in HSV-1 infection, we used mice lacking M1 activation (M1-/- mice). Our results showed that macrophages from M1-/- mice were more susceptible to HSV-1 infection in vitro than were macrophages from WT mice. M1-/- mice were highly susceptible to ocular infection with virulent HSV-1 strain McKrae, while WT mice were refractory to infection. In addition, M1-/- mice had higher virus titers in the eyes than did WT mice. Adoptive transfer of M1 macrophages from WT mice to M1-/- mice reduced death and rescued virus replication in the eyes of infected mice. Infection of M1-/- mice with avirulent HSV-1 strain KOS also increased ocular virus replication and eye disease but did not affect latency-reactivation seen in WT control mice. Severity of virus replication and eye disease correlated with significantly higher inflammatory responses leading to a cytokine storm in the eyes of M1-/- infected mice that was not seen in WT mice. Thus, for the first time, our study illustrates the importance of M1 macrophages specifically in primary HSV-1 infection, eye disease, and survival but not in latency-reactivation. Macrophages circulating in the blood or present in different tissues constitute an important barrier against infection. We previously showed that the absence of M2 macrophages does not impact HSV-1 infectivity in vivo. However, in this study we demonstrated an essential role of M1 macrophages in protection from primary HSV-1 replication, death, and eye disease but not in latency-reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Harry H. Matundan
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jack Yu
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mathias Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Floyd L. Wormley
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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108
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Li X, Liu M, Zhao J, Ren T, Yan X, Zhang L, Wang X. Research Progress About Glioma Stem Cells in the Immune Microenvironment of Glioma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750857. [PMID: 34630121 PMCID: PMC8495125 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier and its unique regional immune characteristics, the study of the immune microenvironment of gliomas is particularly important. Glioma stem cells are an important cause of initiating glioma, promoting tumor progression and leading to tumor recurrence. Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting glioma stem cells have become the focus of current research. This paper will focus on the research progress of glioma stem cells in the immune microenvironment of glioma to provide the basis for the immunotherapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated of Ningde Normal College, Ningde, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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PAK1 Silencing Attenuated Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation and Foam Cell Formation by Increasing PPAR γ Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6957900. [PMID: 34603600 PMCID: PMC8483905 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6957900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization in response to environmental cues has emerged as an important event in the development of atherosclerosis. Compelling evidences suggest that P21-activated kinases 1 (PAK1) is involved in a wide variety of diseases. However, the potential role and mechanism of PAK1 in regulation of macrophage polarization remains to be elucidated. Here, we observed that PAK1 showed a dramatically increased expression in M1 macrophages but decreased expression in M2 macrophages by using a well-established in vitro model to study heterogeneity of macrophage polarization. Adenovirus-mediated loss-of-function approach demonstrated that PAK1 silencing induced an M2 macrophage phenotype-associated gene profiles but repressed the phenotypic markers related to M1 macrophage polarization. Additionally, dramatically decreased foam cell formation was found in PAK1 silencing-induced M2 macrophage activation which was accompanied with alternation of marker account for cholesterol efflux or influx from macrophage foam cells. Moderate results in lipid metabolism and foam cell formation were found in M1 macrophage activation mediated by AdshPAK1. Importantly, we presented mechanistic evidence that PAK1 knockdown promoted the expression of PPARγ, and the effect of macrophage activation regulated by PAK1 silencing was largely reversed when a PPARγ antagonist was utilized. Collectively, these findings reveal that PAK1 is an independent effector of macrophage polarization at least partially attributed to regulation of PPARγ expression, which suggested PAK1-PPARγ axis as a novel therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis management.
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Secreted Factors by Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells Induce Tumor-Promoting M2-like Macrophage Polarization through a TIM3-Dependent Mechanism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194821. [PMID: 34638305 PMCID: PMC8507981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among the different types of thyroid cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive tumors. Characterized for its undifferentiated cells, it spreads quickly to distant organs and does not respond well to standardized therapy. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify new targets that can be translated into therapeutic approaches. ATCs are heavily infiltrated by Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs), and its infiltration density is associated with decreased survival. However, the functional role of TAMs in ATC is still unclear. Our results provide valuable insights into the processes in which soluble factors produced by ATC cells induce M2-like polarization of human monocytes through T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing protein-3 (TIM3). TIM3 in TAMs should now be further evaluated as a possible potential novel target for treating ATC. Abstract Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly aggressive type of thyroid cancer (TC). Currently, no effective target treatments are available that can improve overall survival, with ATC representing a major clinical challenge because of its remarkable lethality. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most evident cells in ATCs, and their high density is correlated with a poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms of how TAMs promote ATC progression remain poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrated that the treatment of human monocytes (THP-1 cells) with ATC cell-derived conditioned media (CM) promoted macrophage polarization, showing high levels of M2 markers. Furthermore, we found that STAT3 was activated, and this was correlated with an increased expression and secretion of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Remarkably, the M2-like macrophages obtained revealed tumor-promoting activity. A cytokine array analysis demonstrated that M2-like macrophage-derived CM contained high levels of TIM3, which is an important immune regulatory molecule. Consistently, TIM3 expression was up-regulated in THP-1 cells cultured with ATC cell-derived CM. Moreover, TIM3 blockade significantly reversed the polarization of THP-1 cells induced by ATC cell-secreted soluble factors. We validated the clinical significance of the TIM3 in human TC by analyzing public datasets and found that the expression of TIM3 and its ligand galectin 9 was significantly higher in human TC tissue samples than in normal thyroid tissues. Taken together, our findings identified a new mechanism by which TIM3 induces tumor-promoting M2-like macrophage polarization in TC. Furthermore, TIM3 interference might be a potential tool for treatment of patients with ATC.
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Nonaka K, Saio M, Umemura N, Kikuchi A, Takahashi T, Osada S, Yoshida K. Th1 polarization in the tumor microenvironment upregulates the myeloid-derived suppressor-like function of macrophages. Cell Immunol 2021; 369:104437. [PMID: 34530344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effect of Th1 polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) maturation and activation. In our immunotherapy mouse model, with a Th1-dominant TME, tumors regressed in all cases, with complete regression in 80% of the cases. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells and activated CD4+ and CD8+T-cells increased in the tumor-draining lymph node, and correlated with each other in the therapeutic model. However, the cytotoxicity of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T-cells was slightly inhibited, whereas the number of T-cells significantly increased. Moreover, the number of TAMs increased; their maturation was inhibited; and nitrotyrosine (NT) production, as well as iNOS and arginase I expression, was increased, suggestive of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like immunosuppressive function of TAMs. IFN-γ knockout in the therapeutic model decreased NT production and induced macrophage maturation. Hence, Th1 polarization in the IFN-γ-dominant condition induces T-cell immune responses; however, it also enhances the immunosuppressive activity of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nonaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1 Gifu City 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Masanao Saio
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3 Chome 39-15, Showacho Maebashi City 371-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
| | - Arizumi Kikuchi
- Daiyukai Research Institute for Medical Science, Aza Nijikkenya 25, Nishiazai Azai Cho 491-0113, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1 Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shinji Osada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1 Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1 Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
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Ahn SW, Ferland B, Jonas OH. An Interactive Pipeline for Quantitative Histopathological Analysis of Spatially Defined Drug Effects in Tumors. J Pathol Inform 2021; 12:34. [PMID: 34760331 PMCID: PMC8529341 DOI: 10.4103/jpi.jpi_17_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor heterogeneity is increasingly being recognized as a major source of variability in the histopathological assessment of drug responses. Quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) images using biomarkers that capture spatialpatterns of distinct tumor biology and drug concentration in tumors is of high interest to the field. METHODS We have developed an image analysis pipeline to measure drug response using IF and IHC images along spatial gradients of local drug release from a tumor-implantable drug delivery microdevice. The pipeline utilizes a series of user-interactive python scripts and CellProfiler pipelines with custom modules to perform image and spatial analysis of regions of interest within whole-slide images. RESULTS Worked examples demonstrate that intratumor measurements such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune cell population density can be quantitated in a spatially and drug concentration-dependent manner, establishing in vivo profiles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in tumors. CONCLUSIONS Spatial image analysis of tumor response along gradients of local drug release is achievable in high throughput. The major advantage of this approach is the use of spatially aware annotation tools to correlate drug gradients with drug effects in tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian W Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Bio-Micro Devices, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Ferland
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Bio-Micro Devices, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver H Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory for Bio-Micro Devices, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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The Metabolic Features of Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Opportunities for Immunotherapy? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:5523055. [PMID: 34476174 PMCID: PMC8407977 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Besides transformed cells, the tumors are composed of various cell types that contribute to undesirable tumor progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, TAMs exhibit high plasticity and undergo specific functional metabolic alterations according to the availability of tumor tissue oxygen and nutrients, thus further contributing to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, we review the main functional TAM metabolic patterns influenced by TME, including glycolysis, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, this review discusses antitumor immunotherapies that affect TAM functionality by inducing cell repolarizing and metabolic profiles towards an antitumoral phenotype. Also, new macrophage-based cell therapeutic technologies recently developed using chimeric antigen receptor bioengineering are exposed, which may overcome all solid tumor physical barriers impeding the current adoptive cell therapies and contribute to developing novel cancer immunotherapies.
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114
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PP2Acα promotes macrophage accumulation and activation to exacerbate tubular cell death and kidney fibrosis through activating Rap1 and TNFα production. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2728-2744. [PMID: 33934104 PMCID: PMC8408198 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage accumulation and activation play an essential role in kidney fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. By analyzing the kidney tissues from patients and animal models with kidney fibrosis, we found a large induction of PP2Acα in macrophages. We then generated a mouse model with inducible macrophage ablation of PP2Acα. The knockouts developed less renal fibrosis, macrophage accumulation, or tubular cell death after unilateral ureter obstruction or ischemic reperfusion injury compared to control littermates. In cultured macrophages, PP2Acα deficiency resulted in decreased cell motility by inhibiting Rap1 activity. Moreover, co-culture of PP2Acα-/- macrophages with tubular cells resulted in less tubular cell death attributed to downregulated Stat6-mediated tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production in macrophages. Together, this study demonstrates that PP2Acα promotes macrophage accumulation and activation, hence accelerates tubular cell death and kidney fibrosis through regulating Rap1 activation and TNFα production.
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115
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Kunk PR, Dougherty SC, Lynch K, Whitehair R, Meneveau M, Obeid JM, Winters K, Ju JY, Stelow EB, Bauer TW, Slingluff CL, Rahma OE. Myeloid Cell Infiltration Correlates With Prognosis in Cholangiocarcinoma and Varies Based on Tumor Location. J Immunother 2021; 44:254-263. [PMID: 34191790 PMCID: PMC8373662 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an uncommon malignancy with increasing incidence and dismal prognosis. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the CC tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) based on tumor location to identify therapeutic targets. We hypothesized that the TIME of CC would vary by primary tumor location and that high tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells and low infiltration by M2 macrophages would be associated with improved survival. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 99 CC tumor samples surgically resected between 2000 and 2014. Tissue microarrays were constructed from each tumor and stained by immunohistochemistry for 24 markers of immune cells, immune activation or inhibition, programmed cell death-ligand 1, and mesothelin. Most tumors were amply infiltrated with by CD4+, CD8+, and FoxP3+ T cells, as well as by myeloid cells. Mesothelin expression ≥1+ by immunohistochemistry was found in 68% of tumors. We identified higher densities of M1 macrophages in primary distal extrahepatic CC, as well as metastatic lesions. Mesothelin expression was also significantly higher in distal extrahepatic CC. There was no association with survival of infiltration by CD4+, CD8+, or FoxP3+ T cells, mesothelin expression, or programmed cell death-ligand 1 percentage expression, however, high CD14+ myeloid cells and high CD163+ M2 macrophages were associated with worse survival. In conclusion, the CC TIME is a heterogenous milieu highly infiltrated by innate and adaptive immune cells, which differs based on primary tumor location and between primary tumors and metastatic lesions. The correlation of intratumoral M2 macrophages and myeloid cells with a worse prognosis may suggest promising immunotherapeutic targets in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Kunk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sean C. Dougherty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kevin Lynch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Rachel Whitehair
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Max Meneveau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Joseph M. Obeid
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Winters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer Y. Ju
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Edward B. Stelow
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Todd W. Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Craig L. Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Osama E. Rahma
- Departement of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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116
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Fan TW, Higashi RM, Song H, Daneshmandi S, Mahan AL, Purdom MS, Bocklage TJ, Pittman TA, He D, Wang C, Lane AN. Innate immune activation by checkpoint inhibition in human patient-derived lung cancer tissues. eLife 2021; 10:69578. [PMID: 34406120 PMCID: PMC8476122 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Pembrolizumab-based immunotherapy has significantly improved lung cancer patient survival, many patients show variable efficacy and resistance development. A better understanding of the drug’s action is needed to improve patient outcomes. Functional heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial to modulating drug resistance; understanding of individual patients’ TME that impacts drug response is hampered by lack of appropriate models. Lung organotypic tissue slice cultures (OTC) with patients’ native TME procured from primary and brain-metastasized (BM) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were treated with Pembrolizumab and/or beta-glucan (WGP, an innate immune activator). Metabolic tracing with 13C6-Glc/13C5,15N2-Gln, multiplex immunofluorescence, and digital spatial profiling (DSP) were employed to interrogate metabolic and functional responses to Pembrolizumab and/or WGP. Primary and BM PD-1+ lung cancer OTC responded to Pembrolizumab and Pembrolizumab + WGP treatments, respectively. Pembrolizumab activated innate immune metabolism and functions in primary OTC, which were accompanied by tissue damage. DSP analysis indicated an overall decrease in immunosuppressive macrophages and T cells but revealed microheterogeneity in immune responses and tissue damage. Two TMEs with altered cancer cell properties showed resistance. Pembrolizumab or WGP alone had negligible effects on BM-lung cancer OTC but Pembrolizumab + WGP blocked central metabolism with increased pro-inflammatory effector release and tissue damage. In-depth metabolic analysis and multiplex TME imaging of lung cancer OTC demonstrated overall innate immune activation by Pembrolizumab but heterogeneous responses in the native TME of a patient with primary NSCLC. Metabolic and functional analysis also revealed synergistic action of Pembrolizumab and WGP in OTC of metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Wm Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Huan Song
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Saeed Daneshmandi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Angela L Mahan
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Departement of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Matthew S Purdom
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Departement of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Therese J Bocklage
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Departement of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Thomas A Pittman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Department Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Department Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
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Pollari M, Leivonen SK, Leppä S. Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma-Clinical, Molecular, and Immunological Features. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164049. [PMID: 34439203 PMCID: PMC8392512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (T-DLBCL) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma entity that mainly affects elderly men. It has a high relapse rate with especially the relapses of the central nervous system associating with dismal outcome. T-DLBCL has a unique biology with distinct genetic characteristics and clinical presentation, and the increasing knowledge on the tumor microenvironment of T-DLBCL highlights the significance of the host immunity and immune escape in this rare lymphoma, presenting in an immune-privileged site of the testis. This review provides an update on the latest progress made in T-DLBCL research and summarizes the clinical perspectives in T-DLBCL. Abstract Primary testicular lymphoma is a rare lymphoma entity, yet it is the most common testicular malignancy among elderly men. The majority of the cases represent non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with aggressive clinical behavior and a relatively high relapse rate. Due to the rareness of the disease, no randomized clinical trials have been conducted and the currently recognized standard of care is based on retrospective analyses and few phase II trials. During recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-related immunity have been the focus of many tumor biology studies, and the emergence of targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors has significantly modulated the field of cancer therapies. Testicular DLBCL (T-DLBCL) is presented in an immune-privileged site of the testis, and the roles of NF-κB pathway signaling, 9p24.1 aberrations, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially immune checkpoint expressing lymphocytes and macrophages, seem to be unique compared to other lymphoma entities. Preliminary data on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of T-DLBCL are promising and more studies are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjukka Pollari
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.-K.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.-K.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.-K.L.); (S.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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Resveratrol attenuates TNBC lung metastasis by down-regulating PD-1 expression on pulmonary T cells and converting macrophages to M1 phenotype in a murine tumor model. Cell Immunol 2021; 368:104423. [PMID: 34399171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive breast cancer with the characteristics of easy to develop distant metastasis. Immune escape is one of the main reasons for TNBC growth and metastasis. Enhancement of T cell-mediated anti-tumor activity may benefit to inhibit tumor metastasis and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. As a natural bioactive substance, resveratrol shows potential capability to prevent or suppress the development of a variety of cancers through direct or indirect effects, including immunoregulatory effect. However, whether resveratrol might affect lung metastasis of TNBC, and whether the effect of resveratrol might be associated with resveratrol-regulated immune responses in tumor microenvironment is still unknown. In this study, by using an experimental metastatic mouse 4 T1 tumor model, we identified that resveratrol may suppress TNBC lung metastasis by elevating local anti-tumor immunity. Indeed, an increase in the cytotoxic activity of CD8+T cells as well as the levels of type 1 cytokine IFN-γ and IL-2 in the lungs of resveratrol-treated tumor bearing mice were observed. The enhanced CD8+T cell activity and Th1 immune responses by resveratrol administration might be related to the down-regulated PD-1 expression on pulmonary CD8+T cells and CD4+T cells. Resveratrol may also convert macrophages to M1 phenotype in the lungs of tumor bearing mice. However, it seems likely resveratrol has no effect on pulmonary myeloid-derived suppressor cell activation. Our results provide an evidence that resveratrol might be a promising candidate agent for adjuvant therapy in the process of TNBC metastasis.
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119
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Pletcher E, Gleeson E, Shaltiel T, Leigh N, Sullivan B, Labow D, Magge D, Golas B, Cohen N, Sarpel U. Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio predicts survival after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Biomark Med 2021; 15:965-975. [PMID: 34289740 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) predicts overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer. We explored LMR in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). Materials & methods: We identified all patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC for colorectal or appendiceal adenocarcinoma at our institution. We analyzed LMR's relationship with clinicopathologic variables with Kaplan-Meier log-rank survival analyses and multivariable Cox regression models with 5-year OS. Results: Two hundred and sixteen patients underwent CRS/HIPEC. Five-year OS for low LMR (≤3.71) was 35.2 versus 60.4% for elevated LMR (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.5; p = 0.02). On multivariable Cox-regression, elevated LMR was significantly associated with OS (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: LMR is an independent predictor of OS in patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC for colorectal and appendiceal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pletcher
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West, NY 10019, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gleeson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tali Shaltiel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Natasha Leigh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West, NY 10019, USA
| | - Brianne Sullivan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West, NY 10019, USA
| | - Daniel Labow
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deepa Magge
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West, NY 10019, USA
| | - Benjamin Golas
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Noah Cohen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Umut Sarpel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
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120
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Chang Z, Wang Y, Liu C, Smith W, Kong L. Natural Products for Regulating Macrophages M2 Polarization. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:559-569. [PMID: 31120001 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190523093535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages M2 polarization have been taken as an anti-inflammatory progression during inflammation. Natural plant-derived products, with potential therapeutic and preventive activities against inflammatory diseases, have received increasing attention in recent years because of their whole regulative effects and specific pharmacological activities. However, the molecular mechanisms about how different kinds of natural compounds regulate macrophages polarization still unclear. Therefore, in the current review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the active compounds derived from herbal plants with regulating effects on macrophages, especially M2 polarization. These natural occurring compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, lignans, coumarins, alkaloids, polyphenols and quinones. In addition, we extensively discussed the cellular mechanisms underlying the M2 polarization for each compound, which could provide potential therapeutic strategies aiming macrophages M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Youhan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Wanli Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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121
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De La Fuente A, Zilio S, Caroli J, Van Simaeys D, Mazza EMC, Ince TA, Bronte V, Bicciato S, Weed DT, Serafini P. Aptamers against mouse and human tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells as reagents for targeted chemotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/548/eaav9760. [PMID: 32554710 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav9760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Local delivery of anticancer agents has the potential to maximize treatment efficacy and minimize the acute and long-term systemic toxicities. Here, we used unsupervised systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment to identify four RNA aptamers that specifically recognized mouse and human myeloid cells infiltrating tumors but not their peripheral or circulating counterparts in multiple mouse models and from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The use of these aptamers conjugated to doxorubicin enhanced the accumulation and bystander release of the chemotherapeutic drug in both primary and metastatic tumor sites in breast and fibrosarcoma mouse models. In the 4T1 mammary carcinoma model, these doxorubicin-conjugated aptamers outperformed Doxil, the first clinically approved highly optimized nanoparticle for targeted chemotherapy, promoting tumor regression after just three administrations with no detected changes in weight loss or blood chemistry. These RNA aptamers recognized tumor infiltrating myeloid cells in a variety of mouse tumors in vivo and from human HNSCC ex vivo. This work suggests the use of RNA aptamers for the detection of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in humans and for a targeted delivery of chemotherapy to the tumor microenvironment in multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana De La Fuente
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Serena Zilio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jimmy Caroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41100, Italy
| | - Dimitri Van Simaeys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41100, Italy
| | - Tan A Ince
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, NY 11215, USA
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona 37100, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41100, Italy
| | - Donald T Weed
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Paolo Serafini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the STAT6-regulated genes in advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2021; 136:1748-1759. [PMID: 32438399 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a critical up-stream mediator of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and IL-4 signaling and is constitutively activated in malignant lymphocytes from Sezary syndrome (SS) and mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. By combining genome-wide expression profiling with pharmacological STAT6 inhibition, we have identified the genes regulated by STAT6 in MF/SS tumors. We found that STAT6 regulates several common pathways in MF/SS malignant lymphocytes that are associated with control of cell-cycle progression and genomic stability as well as production of Th2 cytokines. Using ex vivo skin explants from cutaneous MF tumors as well as Sezary cells derived from the blood of SS patients, we demonstrated that inhibition of STAT6 activation downregulates cytokine production and induces cell-cycle arrest in MF/SS malignant lymphocytes, inhibiting their proliferation but not their survival. Furthermore, we show that STAT6 promotes the protumoral M2-like phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of advanced stage MF by upregulating the expression of genes associated with immunosuppression, chemotaxis, and tumor matrix remodeling. Thus, we show STAT6 to be a major factor in the pathogenesis and progression of MF/SS, promoting proliferation and invasion of the malignant lymphocytes while inducing a progressive depression of the antitumor immune response. Together, our results provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and offer new prospective targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Kodama T, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Tongue Cancer Cell-Derived CCL20 Induced by Interaction With Macrophages Promotes CD163 Expression on Macrophages. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667174. [PMID: 34178651 PMCID: PMC8219974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD163-positive macrophages contribute to the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We showed in a previous report that CD163-positive macrophages infiltrated not only to the cancer nest but also to its surrounding epithelium, depending on the presence of stromal invasion in tongue carcinogenesis. However, the role of intraepithelial macrophages in tongue carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the biological behavior of intraepithelial macrophages on their interaction with cancer cells. Materials and Methods We established the indirect coculture system (intraepithelial neoplasia model) and direct coculture system (invasive cancer model) of human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1-derived CD163-positive macrophages with SCC25, a tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell line. Conditioned media (CM) harvested from these systems were analyzed using cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and extracted a specific upregulated cytokine in CM from the direct coculture system (direct CM). The correlation of both this cytokine and its receptor with various clinicopathological factors were evaluated based on immunohistochemistry using clinical samples from 59 patients with TSCC. Moreover, the effect of this cytokine in direct CM on the phenotypic alterations of THP-1 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transwell migration assay. Results It was shown that CCL20 was induced in the direct CM specifically. Interestingly, CCL20 was produced primarily in SCC25. The expression level of CCR6, which is a sole receptor of CCL20, was higher than the expression level of SCC25. Our immunohistochemical investigation showed that CCL20 and CCR6 expression was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion and the number of CD163-positive macrophages. Recombinant human CCL20 induced the CD163 expression and promoted migration of THP-1. We also confirmed that a neutralizing anti-CCL20 antibody blocked the induction of CD163 expression by direct CM in THP-1. Moreover, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with the CCL20-driven induction of CD163 expression in THP-1. Conclusions Tongue cancer cell-derived CCL20 that was induced by interaction with macrophages promotes CD163 expression on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Abosalema H, Mahgoub S, Emara M, Kotb N, Soror S. Interrupted crosstalk between natural killer cells and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor: a possible role in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment failure. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:601-607. [PMID: 34011259 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210519105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed for the first time at late stages; this leads to a very poor prognosis. It is challenging to discover strategies for treatment at these advanced stages. Recently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific cellular signaling pathways in HCC have been developed. Unfortunately, they still have a low survival rate, and some of them failed clinically to produce effective responses even if they showed very good results against HCC in preclinical studies. This review focuses on and discusses the possible causes for the failure of mAbs, precisely anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mAb and the crosstalk between this mAb and patients' NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Abosalema
- Deputy of Technical Mmanager, Biotechnology Unit, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Giza, 12654, Egypt
| | - Shahenda Mahgoub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo,11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Emara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo,11795, Egypt
| | - Nahla Kotb
- Manager of Blood Derivative Unite, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 12654, Egypt
| | - Sameh Soror
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo,11795, Egypt
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125
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The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) decreases survival of tumor-bearing mice by enhancing the generation of lung metastasis-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cell Immunol 2021; 365:104379. [PMID: 34038758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer has a poor prognosis. Novel pharmacologic targets need to be identified. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor constitutively expressed in the lungs. Absence of overt disease in RAGE null mice suggests that RAGE is unnecessary or redundant in health. We report that RAGE null tumor-bearing mice have reduced lung metastasis and improved survival. Bone marrow chimera studies suggest that hematopoietic cell RAGE is an important contributor to these effects. Deletion of RAGE reduces both the quantity and suppressive activity of tumor-induced MDSC. Protein and mRNA studies suggest that RAGE contributes to the generation and function of MDSC including expression of the alarmins S100A8/A9 and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, arginase-1, and NF-κB. These findings demonstrate the important role of RAGE in determining the quantity and function of tumor-associated MDSC and suggest RAGE as a pharmacologic target for patients with metastatic disease.
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Fan J, Qin X, He R, Ma J, Wei Q. Gene expression profiles for an immunoscore model in bone and soft tissue sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13708-13725. [PMID: 33946044 PMCID: PMC8202872 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Immune infiltration is a prognostic marker to clinical outcomes in various solid tumors. However, reports that focus on bone and soft tissue sarcoma are rare. The study aimed to analyze and identify how immune components influence prognosis and develop a novel prognostic system for sarcomas. Methods: We retrieved the gene expression data from 3 online databases (GEO, TCGA, and TARGET). The immune fraction was estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. After that, we re-clustered samples by K-means and constructed immunoscore by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model. Next, to confirm the prognostic value, nomograms were constructed. Results: 334 samples diagnosed with 8 tumor types (including osteosarcoma) were involved in our analysis. Patients were next re-clustered into three subgroups (OS, SAR1, and SAR2) through immune composition. Survival analysis showed a significant difference between the two soft tissue groups: patients with a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells, macrophages M1, and mast cells had favorable outcomes (p=0.0018). Immunoscore models were successfully established in OS and SAR2 groups consisting of 12 and 9 cell fractions, respectively. We found immunosocre was an independent factor for overall survival time. Patients with higher immunoscore had poor prognosis (p<0.0001). Patients with metastatic lesions scored higher than those counterparts with localized tumors (p<0.05). Conclusions: Immune fractions could be a useful tool for the classification and prognosis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients. This proposed immunoscore showed a promising impact on survival prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinyi Qin
- School of Graduate, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongquan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Wang X, Li H, Chen S, He J, Chen W, Ding Y, Huang J. P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) attenuated M1 macrophage inflammatory responses possibly through KLF2 and KLF4. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:724-736. [PMID: 33768642 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages exhibit distinct phenotypes in response to environmental signals. The polarization of M1 macrophages plays an essential role in the inflammatory response. However, the specific molecular mechanisms regulating the inflammatory response during M1 macrophage polarization remain to be further understood. Here, we found that the histone acetyltransferase P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) was a potential negative regulator of the M1 macrophage inflammatory response. During M1 macrophage polarization, the inflammatory response gradually reduced, but PCAF expression increased. Furthermore, the overexpression of PCAF significantly inhibited the expression of the M1 macrophage-related pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α, IL-6 and CXCL10, while PCAF deficiency enhanced the expression of these genes. Furthermore, we found that PCAF overexpression suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the expression of the Krüppel-like factors (KLF) KLF2 and KLF4 through regulating their transcriptional levels. In addition, KLF2 and KLF4 deficiency reversed the PCAF-induced inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in M1 macrophages. Collectively, the present results demonstrate a potential negative regulatory mechanism of the inflammatory response during M1 macrophage polarization and propose a novel mechanism of inflammation resolution for maintaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Cui C, Barberi T, Suresh R, Friedman AD. Adoptive transfer of immature myeloid cells lacking NF-κB p50 (p50-IMC) impedes the growth of MHC-matched high-risk neuroblastoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1783-1796. [PMID: 33480449 PMCID: PMC8253086 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐risk neuroblastomas harbor abundant myeloid cells that suppress antitumor immunity and support tumor growth. Macrophages lacking the inhibitory NF‐κB p50 subunit adopt a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. We now report that murine 9464D neuroblastoma cells, which express high levels of exogenous MYCN, grow slower in syngeneic p50(f/f);Lys‐Cre mice that lack p50 in macrophages and neutrophils, compared with p50(f/f) littermates. Tumors in p50(f/f);Lys‐Cre mice possess increased numbers of total and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and depletion of both of these T‐cell populations accelerates tumor growth. Anti‐PD‐1 T‐cell checkpoint blockade, or DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibition, further slows tumor growth. In addition, adoptive transfer of immature myeloid cells lacking NF‐κB p50 (p50‐IMC), generated either from the bone marrow of p50−/− mice or via nucleofection of a p50 sgRNA:Cas9 complex into wild‐type hematopoietic progenitors, also slowed growth of MHC‐matched 9464D tumors but not of MHC‐mismatched Neuro2A tumors. These findings further validate the utility of targeting myeloid NF‐κB p50 as a strategy for cancer therapy and demonstrate activity of p50‐IMC generated by gene editing of syngeneic marrow cells, a cell product relevant to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Theresa Barberi
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Suresh
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan D Friedman
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Liang ZW, Ge XX, Xu MD, Qin H, Wu MY, Shen M, Zhang Y, Liu XM, Chen K, Li W, Duan W, Qin S. Tumor-associated macrophages promote the metastasis and growth of non-small-cell lung cancer cells through NF-κB/PP2Ac-positive feedback loop. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2140-2157. [PMID: 33609307 PMCID: PMC8177805 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with its aggressive biological behavior, is one of the most diagnosed cancers. Tumor‐associated inflammatory cells play important roles in the interaction between chronic inflammation and lung cancer, however the mechanisms involved are far from defined. In the present study, by developing an orthotopic NSCLC mouse model based on chronic inflammation, we proved that an inflammatory microenvironment accelerated the growth of orthotopic xenografts in vivo. Tumor‐associated macrophages, the most abundant population of inflammatory cells, were identified. Treatment with macrophage‐conditioned medium (MCM) promoted the growth and migration of NSCLC cells. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified downregulated PP2Ac expression in NSCLC cells upon treatment with MCM. We further confirmed that this downregulation was executed in an NF‐κB pathway‐dependent manner. As IκB kinase (IKK) has been proved to be a substrate of PP2Ac, inhibition on PP2Ac could result in amplification of NF‐κB pathway signaling. Overexpression of PP2Ac, or the dominant‐negative forms of IKK or IκB, attenuated the acceleration of growth and metastasis by MCM. Using bioinformatics analysis, we further identified that CXCL1 and COL6A1 could be downstream of NF‐κB/PP2Ac pathway. Luciferase assay and ChIP assay further confirmed the location of response elements on the promoter regions of CXCL1 and COL6A1. Elevated CXCL1 facilitated angiogenesis, whereas upregulated COL6A1 promoted proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Wen Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Ge
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Dan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hualong Qin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiming Duan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbing Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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130
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Fan Y, Hao Y, Gao D, Li G, Zhang Z. Phenotype and function of macrophage polarization in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension rat model. Physiol Res 2021; 70:213-226. [PMID: 33676385 PMCID: PMC8820576 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) isa fatal disease characterized by vascular remodeling and chronic inflammation. Macrophages are the key orchestrators of inflammatory and repair responses, and have been demonstrated to be vital in the pathogenesis of PAH. However, specific phenotype of macrophage polarization (M1 & M2 macrophage) in the development of PAH and the underlying mechanisms how they work are still largely unclear. A rat model of monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH was used. Hemodynamic analysis and histopathological experiments were conducted at day 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28, respectively. In PAH rat lung tissue, confocal microscopic images showed that CD68+NOS2+ M1-like macrophages were remarkably infiltrated on early stage, but dramatically decreased in mid-late stage. Meanwhile, CD68+CD206+ M2-like macrophages in lung tissue accumulated gradually since day 7 to day 28, and the relative ratio of M2/M1 macrophage increased over time. Results detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry were consistent. Further vitro functional studies revealed the possible mechanism involved in this pathophysiological process. By using Transwell co-culture system, it was found that M1 macrophages inducedendothelial cellapoptosis, while M2 macrophages significantly promoted proliferation of both endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell.These data preliminarily demonstrated a temporal dynamic change of macrophage M1/M2 polarization status in the development of experimental PAH. M1 macrophages participated in the initial stage of inflammation by accelerating apoptosis of endothelial cell, while M2 macrophages predominated in the reparative stage of inflammation and the followed stage of aberrant tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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131
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Di Ianni N, Musio S, Pellegatta S. Altered Metabolism in Glioblastoma: Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell (MDSC) Fitness and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094460. [PMID: 33923299 PMCID: PMC8123145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor, is flexible and adaptable to different adverse conditions, such as nutrient deprivation. Beyond glycolysis, altered lipid metabolism is implicated in GBM progression. Indeed, metabolic subtypes were recently identified based on divergent glucose and lipid metabolism. GBM is also characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment in which myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a powerful ally of tumor cells. Increasing evidence supports the interconnection between GBM and MDSC metabolic pathways. GBM cells exert a crucial contribution to MDSC recruitment and maturation within the tumor microenvironment, where the needs of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with antitumor function are completely neglected. In this review, we will discuss the unique or alternative source of energy exploited by GBM and MDSCs, exploring how deprivation of specific nutrients and accumulation of toxic byproducts can induce T-cell dysfunction. Understanding the metabolic programs of these cell components and how they impact fitness or dysfunction will be useful to improve treatment modalities, including immunotherapeutic strategies.
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132
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Lee JW, Chun W, Lee HJ, Min JH, Kim SM, Seo JY, Ahn KS, Oh SR. The Role of Macrophages in the Development of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:897. [PMID: 33919784 PMCID: PMC8070705 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses of organ systems, including the lungs, to particles and pathogens. Cumulative results show that macrophages contribute to the development and progression of acute or chronic inflammatory responses through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the activation of transcription factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ARDS related to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)), allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review summarizes the functions of macrophages and their associated underlying mechanisms in the development of ALI, ARDS, COVID-19-related ARDS, allergic asthma, COPD, and IPF and briefly introduces the acute and chronic experimental animal models. Thus, this review suggests an effective therapeutic approach that focuses on the regulation of macrophage function in the context of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.C.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.C.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Seo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
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Role of Myeloid Cells in Oncolytic Reovirus-Based Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040654. [PMID: 33920168 PMCID: PMC8070345 DOI: 10.3390/v13040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic reovirus preferentially targets and kills cancer cells via the process of oncolysis, and additionally drives clinically favorable antitumor T cell responses that form protective immunological memory against cancer relapse. This two-prong attack by reovirus on cancers constitutes the foundation of its use as an anticancer oncolytic agent. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these reovirus-driven antitumor effects is influenced by the highly suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, the myeloid cell populations (e.g., myeloid-derived suppressive cells and tumor-associated macrophages) of highly immunosuppressive capacities within the TME not only affect oncolysis but also actively impair the functioning of reovirus-driven antitumor T cell immunity. Thus, myeloid cells within the TME play a critical role during the virotherapy, which, if properly understood, can identify novel therapeutic combination strategies potentiating the therapeutic efficacy of reovirus-based cancer therapy.
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Kimm MA, Klenk C, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Kästle S, Stechele M, Ricke J, Eisenblätter M, Wildgruber M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Implications for Molecular Oncology and Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040374. [PMID: 33918295 PMCID: PMC8066018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the largest group of leukocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors and orchestrate the composition of anti- as well as pro-tumorigenic factors. This makes TAMs an excellent target for novel cancer therapies. The plasticity of TAMs resulting in varying membrane receptors and expression of intracellular proteins allow the specific characterization of different subsets of TAMs. Those markers similarly allow tracking of TAMs by different means of molecular imaging. This review aims to provides an overview of the origin of tumor-associated macrophages, their polarization in different subtypes, and how characteristic markers of the subtypes can be used as targets for molecular imaging and theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marianna Alunni-Fabbroni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Sophia Kästle
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Matthias Stechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Freiburg University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-89-4400-76640
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Recent advances in tumor microenvironment-targeted nanomedicine delivery approaches to overcome limitations of immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. J Control Release 2021; 332:109-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li X, Guo X, Ling J, Tang Z, Huang G, He L, Chen T. Nanomedicine-based cancer immunotherapies developed by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4705-4727. [PMID: 33625411 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem composed of tumor extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and immune cells, promoting tumor development by secreting various growth factors, hydrolase, and inflammatory factors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the largest number of immune cells in the TME, and they have a "double-edged sword" effect on tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Under the regulation of different cytokines in the TME, the bidirectional TAMs can switch their phenotypes between tumoricidal M1-like and pro-tumorigenic M2-like macrophages. TAM polarization suggests that scientists can use this property to design drugs targeting this regulation as a promising immunotherapy strategy to enhance tumor therapy efficiency. In this review, we summarize a brief introduction of TAMs and their implications for tumorigenesis. Next, we review recent advances in designing various functionalized nanomedicines and their applications in nanomedicine-based cancer therapies that target TAMs by killing them, inhibiting macrophage recruitment, and repolarizing them from pro-tumorigenic M2-like to tumoricidal M1-like macrophages. Simultaneously, the regulation of nanomedicines on the signaling pathways accounting for these effects is also summarized. This review will not only provide background scientific information for the understanding of TAMs and their roles in cancer treatment but also help scientists design nanomedicines based on tumor TAMs, which can help achieve better clinical treatment outcomes for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiabao Ling
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guanning Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lizhen He
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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137
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Li J, Jiang X, Li H, Gelinsky M, Gu Z. Tailoring Materials for Modulation of Macrophage Fate. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004172. [PMID: 33565154 PMCID: PMC9245340 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and adaptive immunity hold great promise for a broad range of prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. This review is focused on the design strategies and principles of immunomodulatory biomaterials from the standpoint of materials science to regulate macrophage fate, such as activation, polarization, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and secretion. It offers a comprehensive survey and discussion on the tunability of material designs regarding physical, chemical, biological, and dynamic cues for modulating macrophage immune response. The range of such tailorable cues encompasses surface properties, surface topography, materials mechanics, materials composition, and materials dynamics. The representative immunoengineering applications selected herein demonstrate how macrophage-immunomodulating biomaterials are being exploited for cancer immunotherapy, infection immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, inflammation resolution, and vaccination. A perspective on the future research directions of immunoregulatory biomaterials is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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138
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Yu Y, Dai K, Gao Z, Tang W, Shen T, Yuan Y, Wang J, Liu C. Sulfated polysaccharide directs therapeutic angiogenesis via endogenous VEGF secretion of macrophages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/7/eabd8217. [PMID: 33568481 PMCID: PMC7875536 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd8217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the remarkable progress in the clinical treatment of ischemic disease, proangiogenic drugs mostly suffer from their abnormal angiogenesis and potential cancer risk, and currently, no off-the-shelf biomaterials can efficiently induce angiogenesis. Here, we reported that a semisynthetic sulfated chitosan (SCS) readily engaged anti-inflammatory macrophages and increased its secretion of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to induce angiogenesis in ischemia via a VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway. The depletion of host macrophages abrogated VEGF secretion and vascularization in implants, and the inhibition of VEGF or VEGFR2 signaling also disrupted the macrophage-associated angiogenesis. In addition, in a macrophage-inhibited mouse model, SCS efficiently helped to recover the endogenous levels of VEGF and the number of CD31hiEmcnhi vessels in ischemia. Thus, both sulfated group and pentasaccharide sequence in SCS played an important role in directing the therapeutic angiogenesis, indicating that this highly bioactive biomaterial can be harnessed to treat ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanman Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kai Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zehua Gao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tong Shen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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139
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Jagatia H, Tsolaki AG. The Role of Complement System and the Immune Response to Tuberculosis Infection. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:84. [PMID: 33498555 PMCID: PMC7909539 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system orchestrates a multi-faceted immune response to the invading pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Macrophages engulf the mycobacterial bacilli through bacterial cell surface proteins or secrete proteins, which activate the complement pathway. The classical pathway is activated by C1q, which binds to antibody antigen complexes. While the alternative pathway is constitutively active and regulated by properdin, the direct interaction of properdin is capable of complement activation. The lectin-binding pathway is activated in response to bacterial cell surface carbohydrates such as mannose, fucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. All three pathways contribute to mounting an immune response for the clearance of mycobacteria. However, the bacilli can reside, persist, and evade clearance by the immune system once inside the macrophages using a number of mechanisms. The immune system can compartmentalise the infection into a granulomatous structure, which contains heterogenous sub-populations of M. tuberculosis. The granuloma consists of many types of immune cells, which aim to clear and contain the infection whilst sacrificing the affected host tissue. The full extent of the involvement of the complement system during infection with M. tuberculosis is not fully understood. Therefore, we reviewed the available literature on M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial literature to understand the contribution of the complement system during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jagatia
- Department for Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Anthony G. Tsolaki
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge UB8 3PN, UK;
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140
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The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in rheumatoid arthritis: An update. Life Sci 2021; 269:119083. [PMID: 33482191 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that generally affects the joints. In the late stages of the disease, it can be associated with several complications. Although the exact etiology of RA is unknown, various studies have been performed to understand better the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of RA. At the onset of the disease, various immune cells migrate to the joints and increase the recruitment of immune cells to the joints by several immunological mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. The function of specific immune cells in RA is well-established. The shift of immune responses to Th1 or Th17 is one of the most essential factors in the development of RA. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), as a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells, play a regulatory role in the immune system that inhibits T cell activity through several mechanisms. Various studies have been performed on the function of these cells in RA, which in some cases have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, the purpose of this review article is to comprehensively understand the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of RA.
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141
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Adamo A, Frusteri C, Pallotta MT, Pirali T, Sartoris S, Ugel S. Moonlighting Proteins Are Important Players in Cancer Immunology. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613069. [PMID: 33584695 PMCID: PMC7873856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity and adaptation to environmental stress are the main features that tumor and immune system share. Except for intrinsic and high-defined properties, cancer and immune cells need to overcome the opponent's defenses by activating more effective signaling networks, based on common elements such as transcriptional factors, protein-based complexes and receptors. Interestingly, growing evidence point to an increasing number of proteins capable of performing diverse and unpredictable functions. These multifunctional proteins are defined as moonlighting proteins. During cancer progression, several moonlighting proteins are involved in promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment by reprogramming immune cells to support tumor growth and metastatic spread. Conversely, other moonlighting proteins support tumor antigen presentation and lymphocytes activation, leading to several anti-cancer immunological responses. In this light, moonlighting proteins could be used as promising new potential targets for improving current cancer therapies. In this review, we describe in details 12 unprecedented moonlighting proteins that during cancer progression play a decisive role in guiding cancer-associated immunomodulation by shaping innate or adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Adamo
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Frusteri
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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142
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Suarez L, Wang R, Carmer S, Bednarik D, Myint H, Jones K, Oelke M. AIM Platform: A Novel Nano Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell-Based Clinical System Designed to Consistently Produce Multi-Antigen-Specific T-Cell Products with Potent and Durable Anti-Tumor Properties. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 47:464-471. [PMID: 33442341 DOI: 10.1159/000512788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in the field of adoptive cell therapy. The two prevailing modalities include endogenous non-engineered approaches and genetically engineered T-cell approaches. Endogenous non-engineered approaches include dendritic cell-based systems and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) that are used to produce multi-antigen-specific T-cell products. Genetically engineered approaches, such as T-cell receptor engineered cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are used to produce single antigen-specific T-cell products. It is noted by the authors that there are alternative methods to sort for antigen-specific T cells such as peptide multimer sorting or cytokine secretion assay-based sorting, both of which are potentially challenging for broad development and commercialization. In this review, we are focusing on a novel nanoparticle technology that generates a non-engineered product from the endogenous T-cell repertoire. The most common approaches for ex vivo activation and expansion of endogenous, non-genetically engineered cell therapy products rely on dendritic cell-based systems or IL-2 expanded TIL. Hurdles remain in developing efficient, consistent, controlled processes; thus, these processes still have limited access to broad patient populations. Here, we describe a novel approach to produce cellular therapies at clinical scale, using proprietary nanoparticles combined with a proprietary manufacturing process to enrich and expand antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell products with consistent purity, identity, and composition required for effective and durable anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Han Myint
- NexImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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143
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D'Marco L, Morillo V, Gorriz JL, Suarez MK, Nava M, Ortega Á, Parra H, Villasmil N, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in Cardiometabolic and Renal Diseases: From Glycemic Control to Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Senescence. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9032378. [PMID: 34790827 PMCID: PMC8592766 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9032378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Over the last few years, the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) has increased substantially in medical practice due to their documented benefits in cardiorenal and metabolic health. In this sense, and in addition to being used for glycemic control in diabetic patients, these drugs also have other favorable effects such as weight loss and lowering blood pressure, and more recently, they have been shown to have cardio and renoprotective effects with anti-inflammatory properties. Concerning the latter, the individual or associated use of these antihyperglycemic agents has been linked with a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines and with an improvement in the inflammatory profile in chronic endocrine-metabolic diseases. Hence, these drugs have been positioned as first-line therapy in the management of diabetes and its multiple comorbidities, such as obesity, which has been associated with persistent inflammatory states that induce dysfunction of the adipose tissue. Moreover, other frequent comorbidities in long-standing diabetic patients are chronic complications such as diabetic kidney disease, whose progression can be slowed by SGLT2i and/or GLP-1RA. The neuroendocrine and immunometabolism mechanisms underlying adipose tissue inflammation in individuals with diabetes and cardiometabolic and renal diseases are complex and not fully understood. Summary. This review intends to expose the probable molecular mechanisms and compile evidence of the synergistic or additive anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA and their potential impact on the management of patients with obesity and cardiorenal compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D'Marco
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
- CEU Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia 46115, Spain
| | - Valery Morillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - José Luis Gorriz
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - María K. Suarez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Heliana Parra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Nelson Villasmil
- School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 77054, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Yang M, Li J, Gu P, Fan X. The application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy: Targeting tumor microenvironment. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1973-1987. [PMID: 33426371 PMCID: PMC7773537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor development and metastasis are closely related to the structure and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, TME modulation strategies have attracted much attention in cancer immunotherapy. Despite the preliminary success of immunotherapeutic agents, their therapeutic effects have been restricted by the limited retention time of drugs in TME. Compared with traditional delivery systems, nanoparticles with unique physical properties and elaborate design can efficiently penetrate TME and specifically deliver to the major components in TME. In this review, we briefly introduce the substitutes of TME including dendritic cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, tumor vasculature, tumor-draining lymph nodes and hypoxic state, then review various nanoparticles targeting these components and their applications in tumor therapy. In addition, nanoparticles could be combined with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, however, the nanoplatform delivery system may not be effective in all types of tumors due to the heterogeneity of different tumors and individuals. The changes of TME at various stages during tumor development are required to be further elucidated so that more individualized nanoplatforms could be designed.
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Key Words
- AC-NPs, antigen-capturing nanoparticles
- ANG2, angiopoietin-2
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- Ab, antibodies
- Ag, antigen
- AuNCs, gold nanocages
- AuNPs, gold nanoparticles
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BTK, Bruton's tyrosine kinase
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAFs, cancer associated fibroblasts
- CAP, cleavable amphiphilic peptide
- CAR-T, Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy
- CCL, chemoattractant chemokines ligand
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTLA4, cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4
- CaCO3, calcium carbonate
- Cancer immunotherapy
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DMMA, 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydrid
- DMXAA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid
- DSF/Cu, disulfiram/copper
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- EPG, egg phosphatidylglycerol
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FAP, fibroblast activation protein
- FDA, the Food and Drug Administration
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HB-GFs, heparin-binding growth factors
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HPMA, N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide
- HSA, human serum albumin
- Hypoxia
- IBR, Ibrutinib
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- IFP, interstitial fluid pressure
- IL, interleukin
- LMWH, low molecular weight heparin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- M2NP, M2-like TAM dual-targeting nanoparticle
- MCMC, mannosylated carboxymethyl chitosan
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MPs, microparticles
- MnO2, manganese dioxide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- NK, nature killer
- NO, nitric oxide
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- ODN, oligodeoxynucleotides
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PFC, perfluorocarbon
- PHDs, prolyl hydroxylases
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PS, photosensitizer
- PSCs, pancreatic stellate cells
- PTX, paclitaxel
- RBC, red-blood-cell
- RLX, relaxin-2
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SA, sialic acid
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TAAs, tumor-associated antigens
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TDPA, tumor-derived protein antigens
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TIE2, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2
- TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- Tumor microenvironment
- UPS-NP, ultra-pH-sensitive nanoparticle
- VDA, vasculature disrupting agent
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cDCs, conventional dendritic cells
- melittin-NP, melittin-lipid nanoparticle
- nMOFs, nanoscale metal-organic frameworks
- scFv, single-chain variable fragment
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- tdLNs, tumor-draining lymph nodes
- α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin
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145
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Zhou H, Jiang M, Yuan H, Ni W, Tai G. Dual roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells induced by Toll-like receptor signaling in cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:149. [PMID: 33552267 PMCID: PMC7798029 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and are the main mediators of tumor-induced immunosuppression. Recent studies have reported that the survival, differentiation and immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs are affected by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. However, the regulatory effect of TLR signaling on MDSCs remains controversial. TLR-induced MDSC can acquire different immunosuppressive activities to influence the immune response that can be either beneficial or detrimental to cancer immunotherapy. The present review summarizes the effects of TLR signals on the number, phenotype and inhibitory activity of MDSCs, and their role in cancer immunotherapy, which cannot be ignored if effective cancer immunotherapies are to be developed for the immunosuppression of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Zhou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Ni
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Tai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article focuses on the immunosuppressive impact of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the potential clinical implications in hematological malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS MDSCs play a critical role in the regulation of the immune response in cancer. They inhibit activation of adaptive immune response and as a result foster the growth of the malignancy. Recent studies have shown that MDSCs serve as prognostic biomarkers and as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical and clinical studies have identified new approaches to deplete MDSC populations and inhibit MDSC function with combination immunomodulatory therapies including chemotherapeutic agents with immune checkpoint-directed treatment. SUMMARY A broad spectrum of publications indicate that direct targeting of MDSCs may abrogate their protumorigenic impact within the tumor microenvironment through activation of the adaptive immune response.
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147
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Huang Z, Yao F, Liu J, Xu J, Guo Y, Su R, Luo Q, Li J. Up-regulation of circRNA-0003528 promotes mycobacterium tuberculosis associated macrophage polarization via down-regulating miR-224-5p, miR-324-5p and miR-488-5p and up-regulating CTLA4. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25658-25672. [PMID: 33318319 PMCID: PMC7803570 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: In this study, we selected several candidate miRNAs to study their possible relationships with tuberculosis. Results: The expression of hsa_circ_0003528 was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-224-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-488-5p, miR-587, and miR-668, while the expression of hsa_circ_0003528 was positively correlated with the expression of miR-224-5p, miR-324-5p and miR-488-5p. No evident difference was observed between tuberculosis and healthy control groups in terms of the expression of miR-587 and miR-668. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that miR-224-5p, miR-324-5p and miR-488-5p were all ceRNAs of circRNA-0003528 by sponging each other and CTLA4 was found to be a shared target gene of miR-224-5p, miR-324-5p and miR-488-5p. Furthermore, we found that up-regulation of circRNA-0003528 promoted tuberculosis associated macrophage polarization by promoting expression CTLA4, which was mediated by the down-regulation of miR-224-5p, miR-324-5p and miR-488-5p. Methods: RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted to observe the expression of hsa_circ_0003528, miRNAs and CTLA4 in different patient and cell groups to establish the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of hsa_circ_0003528 on M1 to M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fangyi Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rigu Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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148
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Nisar S, Bhat AA, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Rizwan A, Singh M, Bagga P, Macha MA, Frenneaux MP, Reddy R, Haris M. Non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring the immunotherapeutic response to cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:471. [PMID: 33298096 PMCID: PMC7727217 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an efficient way to cure cancer by modulating the patient’s immune response. However, the immunotherapy response is heterogeneous and varies between individual patients and cancer subtypes, reinforcing the need for early benefit predictors. Evaluating the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor and changes in cell-intrinsic tumor characteristics provide potential response markers to treatment. However, this approach requires invasive sampling and may not be suitable for real-time monitoring of treatment response. The recent emergence of quantitative imaging biomarkers provides promising opportunities. In vivo imaging technologies that interrogate T cell responses, metabolic activities, and immune microenvironment could offer a powerful tool to monitor the cancer response to immunotherapy. Advances in imaging techniques to identify tumors' immunological characteristics can help stratify patients who are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. This review discusses the metabolic events that occur during T cell activation and differentiation, anti-cancer immunotherapy-induced T cell responses, focusing on non-invasive imaging techniques to monitor T cell metabolism in the search for novel biomarkers of response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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149
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Wu L, Zhang XHF. Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Macrophages-Heterogenous but Not Chaotic. Front Immunol 2020; 11:553967. [PMID: 33343560 PMCID: PMC7738476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.553967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been extensively studied. Their pleotropic roles were observed in multiple steps of tumor progression and metastasis, and sometimes appeared to be inconsistent across different studies. In this review, we collectively discussed many lines of evidence supporting the mutual influence between cancer cells and TAMs/TANs. We focused on how direct interactions among these cells dictate co-evolution involving not only clonal competition of cancer cells, but also landscape shift of the entire tumor microenvironment (TME). This co-evolution may take distinct paths and contribute to the heterogeneity of cancer cells and immune cells across different tumors. A more in-depth understanding of the cancer-TAM/TAN co-evolution will shed light on the development of TME that mediates metastasis and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiang H.-F. Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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150
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De Vlaeminck Y, Bonelli S, Awad RM, Dewilde M, Rizzolio S, Lecocq Q, Bolli E, Santos AR, Laoui D, Schoonooghe S, Tamagnone L, Goyvaerts C, Mazzone M, Breckpot K, Van Ginderachter JA. Targeting Neuropilin-1 with Nanobodies Reduces Colorectal Carcinoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123582. [PMID: 33266104 PMCID: PMC7760077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuropilin-1 is a co-receptor for semaphorins and vascular endothelial growth factor family members. Neuropilin-1 can be expressed on tumor cells, tumor-infiltrating myeloid and lymphoid cells and has been linked to a tumor-promoting environment. We investigated nanobodies (Nbs) targeting neuropilin-1 for their potential to hamper colorectal carcinoma development in mice. Our data suggest that targeting neuropilin-1 in cancer using neuropilin-1 blocking Nbs delays tumor growth and extends the survival through a shift in the anti-tumor macrophage/pro-tumor macrophage ratio and activation of colorectal cancer-specific CD8+ T cells. These findings provide a rationale for the further development of Nbs targeting human neuropilin-1 and bringing them from the bench to the bedside. Abstract Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a co-receptor for semaphorins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members that can be expressed on cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid, endothelial and lymphoid cells. It has been linked to a tumor-promoting environment upon interaction with semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). Nanobodies (Nbs) targeting NRP-1 were generated for their potential to hamper the NRP-1/Sema3A interaction and their impact on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) development was evaluated in vivo through the generation of anti-NRP-1-producing CRC cells. We observed that tumor growth was significantly delayed and survival prolonged when the anti-NRP-1 Nbs were produced in vivo. We further analyzed the tumor microenvironment and observed that the pro-inflammatory MHC-IIhigh/trophic MHC-IIlow macrophage ratio was increased in tumors that produce anti-NRP-1 Nbs. This finding was corroborated by an increase in the expression of genes associated with MHC-IIhigh macrophages and a decrease in the expression of MHC-IIlow macrophage-associated genes in the macrophage pool sorted from anti-NRP-1 Nb-producing tumors. Moreover, we observed a significantly higher percentage of tumor-associated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in tumors producing anti-NRP-1 Nbs. These data demonstrate that an intratumoral expression of NRP-1/Sema3A blocking biologicals increases anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick De Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (Y.D.V.); (R.M.A.); (Q.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Stefano Bonelli
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1040 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (Y.D.V.); (R.M.A.); (Q.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Maarten Dewilde
- VIB Discovery Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.D.); (A.R.S.)
| | | | - Quentin Lecocq
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (Y.D.V.); (R.M.A.); (Q.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Evangelia Bolli
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1040 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Santos
- VIB Discovery Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.D.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1040 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steve Schoonooghe
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1040 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (Y.D.V.); (R.M.A.); (Q.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (Y.D.V.); (R.M.A.); (Q.L.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (J.A.V.G.)
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1040 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (J.A.V.G.)
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