101
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Liu B, Granville DJ, Golledge J, Kassiri Z. Pathogenic mechanisms and the potential of drug therapies for aortic aneurysm. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H652-H670. [PMID: 32083977 PMCID: PMC7099451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a permanent focal dilation of the aorta. It is usually an asymptomatic disease but can lead to sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysm-related mortalities are estimated at ∼200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Because no pharmacological treatment has been found to be effective so far, surgical repair remains the only treatment for aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm results from changes in the aortic wall structure due to loss of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix and can form in different regions of the aorta. Research over the past decade has identified novel contributors to aneurysm formation and progression. The present review provides an overview of cellular and noncellular factors as well as enzymes that process extracellular matrix and regulate cellular functions (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, granzymes, and cathepsins) in the context of aneurysm pathogenesis. An update of clinical trials focusing on therapeutic strategies to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and efforts underway to develop effective pharmacological treatments is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Surgery, Madison Wisconsin
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries Centre and University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital and Health Services, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- University of Alberta, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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102
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Rak GD, White MR, Augustine-Rauch K, Newsome C, Graziano MJ, Schulze GE. Intermittent dosing of the transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 inhibitor, BMS-986260, mitigates class-based cardiovascular toxicity in dogs but not rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:931-946. [PMID: 32061184 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβRI) have a history of significant class-based toxicities (eg, cardiac valvulopathy) in preclinical species that have limited their development as new medicines. Nevertheless, some TGFβRI inhibitors have entered into clinical trials using intermittent-dosing schedules and exposure limits in an attempt to avoid these toxicities. This report describes the toxicity profile of the small-molecule TGFβRI inhibitor, BMS-986260, in rats and dogs. Daily oral dosing for 10 days resulted in valvulopathy and/or aortic pathology at systemic exposures that would have been targeted clinically, preventing further development with this dosing schedule. These toxicities were not observed in either species in 1-month studies using the same doses on an intermittent-dosing schedule of 3 days on and 4 days off (QDx3 once weekly). Subsequently, 3-month studies were conducted (QDx3 once weekly), and while there were no cardiovascular findings in dogs, valvulopathy and mortality occurred early in rats. The only difference compared to the 1-month study was that the rats in the 3-month study were 2 weeks younger at the start of dosing. Therefore, a follow-up 1-month study was conducted to evaluate whether the age of rats influences sensitivity to target-mediated toxicity. Using the same dosing schedule and similar doses as in the 3-month study, there was no difference in the toxicity of BMS-986260 in young (8 weeks) or adult (8 months) rats. In summary, an intermittent-dosing schedule mitigated target-based cardiovascular toxicity in dogs but did not prevent valvulopathy in rats, and thus the development of BMS-986260 was terminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Rak
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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103
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Cyclophilin A/EMMPRIN Axis Is Involved in Pro-Fibrotic Processes Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm of Marfan Syndrome Patients. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010154. [PMID: 31936351 PMCID: PMC7016677 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disease, characterized by thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), which treatment is to date purely surgical. Understanding of novel molecular targets is mandatory to unveil effective pharmacological approaches. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) and its receptor EMMPRIN are associated with several cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm. Here, we envisioned the contribution of CyPA/EMMPRIN axis in MFS-related TAA. Methods: We obtained thoracic aortic samples from healthy controls (HC) and MFS patients’ aortas and then isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from the aortic wall. Results: our findings revealed that MFS aortic tissue samples isolated from the dilated zone of aorta showed higher expression levels of EMMPRIN vs. MFS non-dilated aorta and HC. Interestingly, angiotensin II significantly stimulated CyPA secretion in MFS-derived VSMC (MFS-VSMC). CyPA treatment on MFS-VSMC led to increased levels of EMMPRIN and other MFS-associated pro-fibrotic mediators, such as TGF-β1 and collagen I. These molecules were downregulated by in vitro treatment with CyPA inhibitor MM284. Our results suggest that CyPA/EMMPRIN axis is involved in MFS-related TAA development, since EMMPRIN is upregulated in the dilated zone of MFS patients’ TAA and the inhibition of its ligand, CyPA, downregulated EMMPRIN and MFS-related markers in MFS-VSMC. Conclusions: these insights suggest both a novel detrimental role for CyPA/EMMPRIN axis and its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for MFS-related TAA treatment.
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104
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Pedroza AJ, Koyano T, Trojan J, Rubin A, Palmon I, Jaatinen K, Burdon G, Chang P, Tashima Y, Cui JZ, Berry G, Iosef C, Fischbein MP. Divergent effects of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signalling on mixed contractile-synthetic smooth muscle cell phenotype in human Marfan syndrome aortic root aneurysms. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:2369-2383. [PMID: 31886938 PMCID: PMC7011150 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic root aneurysm formation is a cardinal feature of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and likely TGF‐β driven via Smad (canonical) and ERK (non‐canonical) signalling. The current study assesses human MFS vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype, focusing on individual contributions by Smad and ERK, with Notch3 signalling identified as a novel compensatory mechanism against TGF‐β‐driven pathology. Although significant ERK activation and mixed contractile gene expression patterns were observed by traditional analysis, this did not directly correlate with the anatomic site of the aneurysm. Smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes were TGF‐β‐dependent and opposed by ERK in vitro, implicating the canonical Smad pathway. Bulk SMC RNA sequencing after ERK inhibition showed that ERK modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and Notch signalling via Notch3 in MFS. Reversing Notch3 overexpression with siRNA demonstrated that Notch3 promotes several protective remodelling pathways, including increased SMC proliferation, decreased apoptosis and reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity, in vitro. In conclusion, in human MFS aortic SMCs: (a) ERK activation is enhanced but not specific to the site of aneurysm formation; (b) ERK opposes TGF‐β‐dependent negative effects on SMC phenotype; (c) multiple distinct SMC subtypes contribute to a ‘mixed’ contractile‐synthetic phenotype in MFS aortic aneurysm; and (d) ERK drives Notch3 overexpression, a potential pathway for tissue remodelling in response to aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Pedroza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tiffany Koyano
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jeffrey Trojan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adam Rubin
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Itai Palmon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin Jaatinen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Grayson Burdon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Paul Chang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yasushi Tashima
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jason Z Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gerry Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Cristiana Iosef
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael P Fischbein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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105
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Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are a common vascular disease in Western populations that can involve virtually any portion of the aorta. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are much more common than thoracic aortic aneurysms and combined they account for >25 000 deaths in the United States annually. Although thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms share some common characteristics, including the gross anatomic appearance, alterations in extracellular matrix, and loss of smooth muscle cells, they are distinct diseases. In recent years, advances in genetic analysis, robust molecular tools, and increased availability of animal models have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms. This review examines the various proposed cellular mechanisms responsible for aortic aneurysm formation and identifies opportunities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Alain Quintana
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.A.Q., W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.A.Q., W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology (W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (W.R.T.)
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106
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Milewicz DM, Ramirez F. Therapies for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Acute Aortic Dissections. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:126-136. [PMID: 30651002 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms that progress to acute aortic dissections are often fatal. Thoracic aneurysms have been managed with treatment with β-adrenergic blocking agents (β-blockers) and routine surveillance imaging, followed by surgical repair of the aneurysm when the risk of dissection exceeds the risk for repair. Thus, there is a window to initiate therapies to slow aortic enlargement and delay or ideally negate the need for surgical repair of the aneurysm to prevent a dissection. Mouse models of Marfan syndrome-a monogenic disorder predisposing to thoracic aortic disease-have been used extensively to identify such therapies. The initial finding that TGFβ (transformation growth factor-β) signaling was increased in the aortic media of a Marfan syndrome mouse model and that its inhibition via TGFβ neutralization or At1r (Ang II [angiotensin II] type I receptor) antagonism prevented aneurysm development was generally viewed as a groundbreaking discovery that could be translated into the first cure of thoracic aortic disease. However, several large randomized trials of pediatric and adult patients with Marfan syndrome have subsequently yielded no evidence that At1r antagonism by losartan slows aortic enlargement more effectively than conventional treatment with β-blockers. Subsequent studies in mouse models have begun to resolve the complex molecular pathophysiology underlying onset and progression of aortic disease and have emphasized the need to preserve TGFβ signaling to prevent aneurysm formation. This review describes critical experiments that have influenced the evolution of our understanding of thoracic aortic disease, in addition to discussing old controversies and identifying new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.)
| | - Francesco Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (F.R.)
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107
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Tingting T, Wenjing F, Qian Z, Hengquan W, Simin Z, Zhisheng J, Shunlin Q. The TGF-β pathway plays a key role in aortic aneurysms. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:222-228. [PMID: 31707165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysms are currently among the most high-risk cardiovascular diseases due to their rapid onset and high mortality. Although aneurysm research has been extensive, the pathogenesis remains unknown. Studies have found that the TGF-β/Smad pathway and aneurysm formation appear linked. For example, the TGF-β signaling pathway was significantly activated in aneurysm development and aortic dissection. Aneurysms are not, however, mitigated following knockdown of TGF-β signaling pathway-related genes. Incidence and mortality rate of ruptured thoracic aneurysms increase with the down-regulation of the classical TGF-β signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize recent findings and evaluate the differential role of classical and non-classical TGF-β pathways on aortic aneurysm. It is postulated that the TGF-β signaling pathway is necessary to maintain vascular function, but over-activation will promote aneurysms whereas over-inhibition will lead to bypass pathway over-activation and promote aneurysm occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Tingting
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Fan Wenjing
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zeng Qian
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Wan Hengquan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhao Simin
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhisheng
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Qu Shunlin
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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108
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Au DT, Arai AL, Fondrie WE, Muratoglu SC, Strickland DK. Role of the LDL Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Regulating Protease Activity and Signaling Pathways in the Vasculature. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:1276-1288. [PMID: 29749311 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180511162048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms represent a significant clinical problem as they largely go undetected until a rupture occurs. Currently, an understanding of mechanisms leading to aneurysm formation is limited. Numerous studies clearly indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells play a major role in the development and response of the vasculature to hemodynamic changes and defects in these responses can lead to aneurysm formation. The LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is major smooth muscle cell receptor that has the capacity to mediate the endocytosis of numerous ligands and to initiate and regulate signaling pathways. Genetic evidence in humans and mouse models reveal a critical role for LRP1 in maintaining the integrity of the vasculature. Understanding the mechanisms by which this is accomplished represents an important area of research, and likely involves LRP1's ability to regulate levels of proteases known to degrade the extracellular matrix as well as its ability to modulate signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianaly T Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Allison L Arai
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - William E Fondrie
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Selen C Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
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109
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Raffort J, Lareyre F, Clément M, Hassen-Khodja R, Chinetti G, Mallat Z. Diabetes and aortic aneurysm: current state of the art. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1702-1713. [PMID: 30052821 PMCID: PMC6198737 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening disease due to the risk of aortic rupture. The only curative treatment available relies on surgical approaches; drug-based therapies are lacking, highlighting an unmet need for clinical practice. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is frequently associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors including male sex, age, smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is more often linked to genetic disorders of the extracellular matrix and the contractile apparatus but also share similar cardiovascular risk factors. Intriguingly, a large body of evidence points to an inverse association between diabetes and both AAA and TAA. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the negative association between diabetes and aortic aneurysm could help the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to tackle the disease. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the relationship between glycaemic parameters, diabetes, and the development of aortic aneurysm. Cellular and molecular pathways that underlie the protective effect of diabetes itself and its treatment are reviewed and discussed, along with their potential implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Raffort
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Robinson Way, UK.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Team 5, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 56 rue Leblanc, Paris, France.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Nice, 30 avenue de la Voie Romaine, Nice Cedex 1, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm U1065, C3M, 151 Route de Ginestière, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Fabien Lareyre
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Robinson Way, UK.,Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm U1065, C3M, 151 Route de Ginestière, Nice Cedex 3, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Nice, 30 avenue de la Voie Romaine, Nice Cedex 1, France
| | - Marc Clément
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Robinson Way, UK
| | - Réda Hassen-Khodja
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm U1065, C3M, 151 Route de Ginestière, Nice Cedex 3, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Nice, 30 avenue de la Voie Romaine, Nice Cedex 1, France
| | - Giulia Chinetti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Nice, 30 avenue de la Voie Romaine, Nice Cedex 1, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm U1065, C3M, 151 Route de Ginestière, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Robinson Way, UK.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Team 5, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 56 rue Leblanc, Paris, France
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110
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Gasiulė S, Stankevičius V, Patamsytė V, Ražanskas R, Žukovas G, Kapustina Ž, Žaliaduonytė D, Benetis R, Lesauskaitė V, Vilkaitis G. Tissue-Specific miRNAs Regulate the Development of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: The Emerging Role of KLF4 Network. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101609. [PMID: 31623405 PMCID: PMC6832203 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of the functional pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding of the disease-associated alterations in tissue and plasma will elucidate the roles of miRNA in modulation of gene expression throughout development of sporadic non-syndromic ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). This will allow one to propose relevant biomarkers for diagnosis or new therapeutic targets for the treatment. The high-throughput sequencing revealed 20 and 17 TAA-specific miRNAs in tissue and plasma samples, respectively. qRT-PCR analysis in extended cohort revealed sex-related differences in miR-10a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-155-5p and miR-148a-3p expression, which were the most significantly dysregulated in TAA tissues of male patients. Unexpectedly, the set of aneurysm-related miRNAs in TAA plasma did not resemble the tissue signature suggesting more complex organism response to the disease. Three of TAA-specific plasma miRNAs were found to be restored to normal level after aortic surgery, further signifying their relationship to the pathology. The panel of two plasma miRNAs, miR-122-3p, and miR-483-3p, could serve as a potential biomarker set (AUC = 0.84) for the ascending TAA. The miRNA-target enrichment analysis exposed TGF-β signaling pathway as sturdily affected by abnormally expressed miRNAs in the TAA tissue. Nearly half of TAA-specific miRNAs potentially regulate a key component in TGF-β signaling: TGF-β receptors, SMADs and KLF4. Indeed, using immunohistochemistry analysis we detected increased KLF4 expression in 27% of TAA cells compared to 10% of non-TAA cells. In addition, qRT-PCR demonstrated a significant upregulation of ALK1 mRNA expression in TAA tissues. Overall, these observations indicate that the alterations in miRNA expression are sex-dependent and play an essential role in TAA via TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasė Gasiulė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Vaiva Patamsytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Raimundas Ražanskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Giedrius Žukovas
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Žana Kapustina
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Diana Žaliaduonytė
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rimantas Benetis
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaitė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Giedrius Vilkaitis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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111
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Zhou G, Liao M, Wang F, Qi X, Yang P, Berceli SA, Sharma AK, Upchurch GR, Jiang Z. Cyclophilin A contributes to aortopathy induced by postnatal loss of smooth muscle TGFBR1. FASEB J 2019; 33:11396-11410. [PMID: 31311317 PMCID: PMC6766662 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900601rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent recognition that TGF-β signaling disruption is involved in the development of aortic aneurysms has led to renewed investigations into the role of TGF-β biology in the aortic wall. We previously found that the type I receptor of TGF-β (TGFBR2) receptor contributes to formation of ascending aortic aneurysms and dissections (AADs) induced by smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific, postnatal deletion of Tgfbr1 (Tgfbr1iko). Here, we aimed to decipher the mechanistic signaling pathway underlying the pathogenic effects of TGFBR2 in this context. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that Tgfbr1iko triggers an acute inflammatory response in developing AADs, and Tgfbr1iko SMCs express an inflammatory phenotype in culture. Comparative proteomics profiling and mass spectrometry revealed that Tgfbr1iko SMCs respond to TGF-β1 stimulation via robust up-regulation of cyclophilin A (CypA). This up-regulation is abrogated by inhibition of TGFBR2 kinase activity, small interfering RNA silencing of Tgfbr2 expression, or inhibition of SMAD3 activation. In mice, Tgfbr1iko rapidly promotes CypA production in SMCs of developing AADs, whereas treatment with a CypA inhibitor attenuates aortic dilation by 56% (P = 0.003) and ameliorates aneurysmal degeneration (P = 0.016). These protective effects are associated with reduced aneurysm-promoting inflammation. Collectively, these results suggest a novel mechanism, wherein loss of type I receptor of TGF-β triggers promiscuous, proinflammatory TGFBR2 signaling in SMCs, thereby promoting AAD formation.-Zhou, G., Liao, M., Wang, F., Qi, X., Yang, P., Berceli, S. A., Sharma, A. K., Upchurch, G. R., Jr., Jiang, Z. Cyclophilin A contributes to aortopathy induced by postnatal loss of smooth muscle TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhou
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mingmei Liao
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pu Yang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott A. Berceli
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashish K. Sharma
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gilbert R. Upchurch
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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112
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Recent updates on the molecular network of elastic fiber formation. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:365-376. [PMID: 31395654 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers confer elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs and play an essential role in induction of biochemical responses in a cell against mechanical forces derived from the microenvironment. The core component of elastic fibers is elastin (ELN), which is secreted as the monomer tropoelastin from elastogenic cells, and undergoes self-aggregation, cross-linking and deposition on to microfibrils, and assemble into insoluble ELN polymers. For elastic fibers to form, a microfibril scaffold (primarily formed by fibrillin-1 (FBN1)) is required. Numerous elastic fiber-associated proteins are involved in each step of elastogenesis and they instruct and/or facilitate the elastogenesis processes. In this review, we designated five proteins as key molecules in elastic fiber formation, including ELN, FBN1, fibulin-4 (FBLN4), fibulin-5 (FBLN5), and latent TGFβ-binding protein-4 (LTBP4). ELN and FBN1 serve as building blocks for elastic fibers. FBLN5, FBLN4 and LTBP4 have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in elastogenesis through knockout studies in mice. Using these molecules as a platform and expanding the elastic fiber network through the generation of an interactome map, we provide a concise review of elastogenesis with a recent update as well as discuss various biological functions of elastic fiber-associated proteins beyond elastogenesis in vivo.
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Hansen J, Galatioto J, Caescu CI, Arnaud P, Calizo RC, Spronck B, Murtada SI, Borkar R, Weinberg A, Azeloglu EU, Bintanel-Morcillo M, Gallo JM, Humphrey JD, Jondeau G, Boileau C, Ramirez F, Iyengar R. Systems pharmacology-based integration of human and mouse data for drug repurposing to treat thoracic aneurysms. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127652. [PMID: 31167969 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is associated with mutations in fibrillin-1 that predispose afflicted individuals to progressive thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) leading to dissection and rupture of the vessel wall. Here we combined computational and experimental approaches to identify and test FDA-approved drugs that may slow or even halt aneurysm progression. Computational analyses of transcriptomic data derived from the aortas of MFS patients and MFS mice (Fbn1mgR/mgR mice) predicted that subcellular pathways associated with reduced muscle contractility are key TAA determinants that could be targeted with the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. Systemic administration of baclofen to Fbn1mgR/mgR mice validated our computational prediction by mitigating arterial disease progression at the cellular and physiological levels. Interestingly, baclofen improved muscle contraction-related subcellular pathways by upregulating a different set of genes than those downregulated in the aorta of vehicle-treated Fbn1mgR/mgR mice. Distinct transcriptomic profiles were also associated with drug-treated MFS and wild-type mice. Thus, systems pharmacology approaches that compare patient- and mouse-derived transcriptomic data for subcellular pathway-based drug repurposing represent an effective strategy to identify potential new treatments of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hansen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Josephine Galatioto
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina I Caescu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pauline Arnaud
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome de Marfan et Pathologies Apparentées, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Rhodora C Calizo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Roshan Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alan Weinberg
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Bintanel-Morcillo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - James M Gallo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guillaume Jondeau
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome de Marfan et Pathologies Apparentées, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Boileau
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome de Marfan et Pathologies Apparentées, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,LVTS, INSERM U1148, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Burger J, van Vliet N, van Heijningen P, Kumra H, Kremers GJ, Alves M, van Cappellen G, Yanagisawa H, Reinhardt DP, Kanaar R, van der Pluijm I, Essers J. Fibulin-4 deficiency differentially affects cytoskeleton structure and dynamics as well as TGFβ signaling. Cell Signal 2019; 58:65-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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115
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Kalluri AS, Vellarikkal SK, Edelman ER, Nguyen L, Subramanian A, Ellinor PT, Regev A, Kathiresan S, Gupta RM. Single-Cell Analysis of the Normal Mouse Aorta Reveals Functionally Distinct Endothelial Cell Populations. Circulation 2019; 140:147-163. [PMID: 31146585 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cells that form the arterial wall contribute to multiple vascular diseases. The extent of cellular heterogeneity within these populations has not been fully characterized. Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing make it possible to identify and characterize cellular subpopulations. METHODS We validate a method for generating a droplet-based single-cell atlas of gene expression in a normal blood vessel. Enzymatic dissociation of 4 whole mouse aortas was followed by single-cell sequencing of >10 000 cells. RESULTS Clustering analysis of gene expression from aortic cells identified 10 populations of cells representing each of the main arterial cell types: fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. The most significant cellular heterogeneity was seen in the 3 distinct EC populations. Gene set enrichment analysis of these EC subpopulations identified a lymphatic EC cluster and 2 other populations more specialized in lipoprotein handling, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix production. These subpopulations persist and exhibit similar changes in gene expression in response to a Western diet. Immunofluorescence for Vcam1 and Cd36 demonstrates regional heterogeneity in EC populations throughout the aorta. CONCLUSIONS We present a comprehensive single-cell atlas of all cells in the aorta. By integrating expression from >1900 genes per cell, we are better able to characterize cellular heterogeneity compared with conventional approaches. Gene expression signatures identify cell subpopulations with vascular disease-relevant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya S Kalluri
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (A.S.K., S.K.V., L.N., A.S., P.T.E., A.R., S.K., R.M.G.).,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (A.S.K., E.R.E.)
| | - Shamsudheen K Vellarikkal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (A.S.K., S.K.V., L.N., A.S., P.T.E., A.R., S.K., R.M.G.).,Center for Genomic Medicine (S.K.V., S.K., R.M.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (A.S.K., E.R.E.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (E.R.E., R.M.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (A.S.K., S.K.V., L.N., A.S., P.T.E., A.R., S.K., R.M.G.)
| | - Ayshwarya Subramanian
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (A.S.K., S.K.V., L.N., A.S., P.T.E., A.R., S.K., R.M.G.)
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (A.S.K., S.K.V., L.N., A.S., P.T.E., A.R., S.K., R.M.G.).,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (P.T.E., S.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (A.S.K., S.K.V., L.N., A.S., P.T.E., A.R., S.K., R.M.G.)
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (A.S.K., S.K.V., L.N., A.S., P.T.E., A.R., S.K., R.M.G.).,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (P.T.E., S.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Center for Genomic Medicine (S.K.V., S.K., R.M.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (A.S.K., S.K.V., L.N., A.S., P.T.E., A.R., S.K., R.M.G.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (E.R.E., R.M.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA.,Division of Genetics (R.M.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine (S.K.V., S.K., R.M.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Petsophonsakul P, Furmanik M, Forsythe R, Dweck M, Schurink GW, Natour E, Reutelingsperger C, Jacobs M, Mees B, Schurgers L. Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Calcification in Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1351-1368. [PMID: 31144989 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease whereby the ECM (extracellular matrix) of a blood vessel degenerates, leading to dilation and eventually vessel wall rupture. Recently, it was shown that calcification of the vessel wall is involved in both the initiation and progression of aneurysms. Changes in aortic wall structure that lead to aneurysm formation and vascular calcification are actively mediated by vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells in a healthy vessel wall are termed contractile as they maintain vascular tone and remain quiescent. However, in pathological conditions they can dedifferentiate into a synthetic phenotype, whereby they secrete extracellular vesicles, proliferate, and migrate to repair injury. This process is called phenotypic switching and is often the first step in vascular pathology. Additionally, healthy vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize VKDPs (vitamin K-dependent proteins), which are involved in inhibition of vascular calcification. The metabolism of these proteins is known to be disrupted in vascular pathologies. In this review, we summarize the current literature on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and vascular calcification in relation to aneurysm. Moreover, we address the role of vitamin K and VKDPs that are involved in vascular calcification and aneurysm. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ploingarm Petsophonsakul
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (P.P., M.F., C.R., L.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Furmanik
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (P.P., M.F., C.R., L.S.)
| | - Rachael Forsythe
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.F., M.D.)
| | - Marc Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.F., M.D.)
| | - Geert Willem Schurink
- Department of Vascular Surgery (G.W.S., M.J., B.M.), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Natour
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (E.N.), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.,European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands (E.N., M.J., B.M.)
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (P.P., M.F., C.R., L.S.)
| | - Michael Jacobs
- Department of Vascular Surgery (G.W.S., M.J., B.M.), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.,European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands (E.N., M.J., B.M.)
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery (G.W.S., M.J., B.M.), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.,European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands (E.N., M.J., B.M.)
| | - Leon Schurgers
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (P.P., M.F., C.R., L.S.)
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117
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Tellides G. Further Evidence Supporting a Protective Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) in Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 37:1983-1986. [PMID: 29070536 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Tellides
- From the Department of Surgery and Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven.
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118
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Mallat Z, Ait-Oufella H, Tedgui A. The Pathogenic Transforming Growth Factor-β Overdrive Hypothesis in Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections: A Mirage? Circ Res 2019; 120:1718-1720. [PMID: 28546355 PMCID: PMC5447780 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Mallat
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U970, Paris, France (Z.M., H.A.-O., A.T.).
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U970, Paris, France (Z.M., H.A.-O., A.T.)
| | - Alain Tedgui
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U970, Paris, France (Z.M., H.A.-O., A.T.)
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119
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Humphrey
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); and Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.).
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.); and Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.)
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Liu M, Li L, Zhu J, He C, Xu Q, Sun A, Kong W, Li W, Zhang X. Rapamycin attenuates a murine model of thoracic aortic aneurysm by downregulating the miR-126–3p mediated activation of MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:498-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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121
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Ogawa H, Ohashi K, Ito M, Shibata R, Kanemura N, Yuasa D, Kambara T, Matsuo K, Hayakawa S, Hiramatsu-Ito M, Otaka N, Kawanishi H, Yamaguchi S, Enomoto T, Abe T, Kaneko M, Takefuji M, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Adipolin/CTRP12 protects against pathological vascular remodelling through suppression of smooth muscle cell growth and macrophage inflammatory response. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:237-249. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAimsSecreted factors produced by adipose tissue are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We previously identified adipolin, also known as C1q/TNF-related protein 12, as an insulin-sensitizing adipokine. However, the role of adipolin in vascular disease remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether adipolin modulates pathological vascular remodelling.Methods and resultsAdipolin-knockout (APL-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to wire-induced injury of the femoral artery. APL-KO mice showed increased neointimal thickening after vascular injury compared with WT mice, which was accompanied by an enhanced inflammatory response and vascular cell proliferation in injured arteries. Adipolin deficiency also led to a reduction in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1 protein levels in injured arteries. Treatment of cultured macrophages with adipolin protein led to a reduction in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of inflammatory mediators, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL) 6, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1. These effects were reversed by inhibition of TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII)/Smad2 signalling. Adipolin also reduced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through a TGF-βRII/Smad2-dependent pathway. Furthermore, adipolin treatment significantly increased TGF-β1 concentration in media from cultured VSMCs and macrophages.ConclusionThese data indicate that adipolin protects against the development of pathological vascular remodelling by attenuating macrophage inflammatory responses and VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Kanemura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kambara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Hayakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizuho Hiramatsu-Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Otaka
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawanishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shukuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Enomoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Sawada H, Chen JZ, Wright BC, Moorleghen JJ, Lu HS, Daugherty A. Ultrasound Imaging of the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta in Mice to Determine Aneurysm Dimensions. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30907888 DOI: 10.3791/59013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary high-resolution ultrasound instruments have sufficient resolution to facilitate the measurement of mouse aortas. These instruments have been widely used to measure aortic dimensions in mouse models of aortic aneurysms. Aortic aneurysms are defined as permanent dilations of the aorta, which occur most frequently in the ascending and abdominal regions. Sequential measurements of aortic dimensions by ultrasound are the principal approach for assessing the development and progression of aortic aneurysms in vivo. Although many reported studies used ultrasound imaging to measure aortic diameters as a primary endpoint, there are confounding factors, such as probe position and cardiac cycle, that may impact the accuracy of data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. The purpose of this protocol is to provide a practical guide on the use of ultrasound to measure the aortic diameter in a reliable and reproducible manner. This protocol introduces the preparation of mice and instruments, the acquisition of appropriate ultrasound images, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky
| | - Jeff Z Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky;
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Hara H, Takeda N, Fujiwara T, Yagi H, Maemura S, Kanaya T, Nawata K, Morita H, Komuro I. Activation of TGF-β signaling in an aortic aneurysm in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome caused by a novel loss-of-function variant of TGFBR1. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:6. [PMID: 30701076 PMCID: PMC6338757 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is caused by variants of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-related genes and is characterized by aortic aneurysm and dissection. We report an LDS patient with a de novo missense variant of TGFBR1 [c.1126A>G, p.(Lys376Glu)] in which active TGF-β signaling was observed in the aorta, despite the in vitro demonstration that the loss-of-function mutation lies within the serine/threonine kinase domain. The mechanism underlying this TGF-β paradox in LDS aortopathy should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hara
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroki Yagi
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Sonoko Maemura
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kanaya
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kan Nawata
- 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
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MT4-MMP: The GPI-Anchored Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloprotease with Multiple Functions in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020354. [PMID: 30654475 PMCID: PMC6359745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MT4-MMP (or MMP17) belongs to the Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) family. This family of proteases contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling during several physiological processes, including embryogenesis, organogenesis, tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, wound healing, and inflammation. MT4-MMP (MMP17) presents unique characteristics compared to other members of the family in terms of sequence homology, substrate specificity, and internalization mode, suggesting distinct physiological and pathological functions. While the physiological functions of MT4-MMP are poorly understood, it has been involved in different pathological processes such as arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer progression. The mt4-mmp transcript has been detected in a large diversity of cancers. The contribution of MT4-MMP to tumor development has been further investigated in gastric cancer, colon cancer, head and neck cancer, and more deeply in breast cancer. Given its contribution to different pathologies, particularly cancers, MT4-MMP represents an interesting therapeutic target. In this review, we examine its biological and structural properties, and we propose an overview of its physiological and pathological functions.
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MacFarlane EG, Parker SJ, Shin JY, Kang BE, Ziegler SG, Creamer TJ, Bagirzadeh R, Bedja D, Chen Y, Calderon JF, Weissler K, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Lindsay ME, Habashi JP, Dietz HC. Lineage-specific events underlie aortic root aneurysm pathogenesis in Loeys-Dietz syndrome. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:659-675. [PMID: 30614814 DOI: 10.1172/jci123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aortic root is the predominant site for development of aneurysm caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in positive effectors of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. Using a mouse model of Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) that carries a heterozygous kinase-inactivating mutation in TGF-β receptor I, we found that the effects of this mutation depend on the lineage of origin of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Secondary heart field-derived (SHF-derived), but not neighboring cardiac neural crest-derived (CNC-derived), VSMCs showed impaired Smad2/3 activation in response to TGF-β, increased expression of angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (Agtr1a), enhanced responsiveness to AngII, and higher expression of TGF-β ligands. The preserved TGF-β signaling potential in CNC-derived VSMCs associated, in vivo, with increased Smad2/3 phosphorylation. CNC-, but not SHF-specific, deletion of Smad2 preserved aortic wall architecture and reduced aortic dilation in this mouse model of LDS. Taken together, these data suggest that aortic root aneurysm predisposition in this LDS mouse model depends both on defective Smad signaling in SHF-derived VSMCs and excessive Smad signaling in CNC-derived VSMCs. This work highlights the importance of considering the regional microenvironment and specifically lineage-dependent variation in the vulnerability to mutations in the development and testing of pathogenic models for aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah J Parker
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine.,Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Joseph Y Shin
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Human Genetics Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shira G Ziegler
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Human Genetics Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tyler J Creamer
- Department of Surgery.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Human Genetics Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rustam Bagirzadeh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine.,Department of Surgery
| | | | - Yichun Chen
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
| | - Juan F Calderon
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Human Genetics Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine Weissler
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Mark E Lindsay
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer P Habashi
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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126
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Humphrey JD, Tellides G. Central artery stiffness and thoracic aortopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H169-H182. [PMID: 30412443 PMCID: PMC6880196 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00205.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortopathy, especially aneurysm, dissection, and rupture, is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Uncontrolled hypertension and aging are primary risk factors for such conditions, and they contribute to an increase in the mechanical stress on the wall and an increase in its structural vulnerability, respectively. Select genetic mutations also predispose to these lethal conditions, and the collection of known mutations suggests that dysfunctional mechanosensing and mechanoregulation of the extracellular matrix may contribute to pathogenesis and disease progression. In the absence of a well-accepted pharmacotherapy, nonsurgical treatments tend to focus on reducing the mechanical loading on the aorta, particularly via the use of antihypertensive medications and recommendations to avoid strenuous exercises such as weight lifting. In this brief review, we discuss the important effects of central artery stiffening on global hemodynamics and, in particular, on the increase in pulse pressure that acts on the proximal thoracic aorta. We consider Marfan syndrome as an illustrative aortopathy but discuss other conditions leading to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. We highlight the importance of phenotyping the aorta biomechanically, not just clinically, and emphasize the utility of mouse models in elucidating molecular and mechanical mechanisms of disease. Notwithstanding the widely recognized role of central artery stiffening in driving end-organ disease, we suggest that there is similarly a need to consider its key role in thoracic aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - G. Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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127
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Abstract
A bicuspid aortic valve is not only a common congenital heart defect but also an enigmatic condition that can cause a large spectrum of diseases, such as aortic valve stenosis and severe heart failure in newborns whereas aortic dissection in adults. On the contrary, a bicuspid aortic valve can also occur with normal function throughout life and never need treatment. Numerous genetic mechanisms are involved in the abnormal cellular functions that may cause abnormal development of the aortic valve during early foetal life. As several chromosomal disorders are also associated with a bicuspid valve, there does not appear to be an apparent common trigger to the abnormal development of the aortic valve. The clinical care of the bicuspid aortic valve patient has been changed by a significant body of evidence that has improved the understanding of the natural history of the disease, including when to best intervene with valve replacement and when to provide prophylactic aortic root surgery. Moreover, as bicuspid valve disease is also part of various syndromes, we can identify high-risk patients in whom a bicuspid valve is much more unfavourable than in the normal population. This review provides an overview of all aspects of the bicuspid aortic valve condition and gives an updated perspective on issues from pathophysiology to clinical care of bicuspid aortic valve disease and associated aortic disease in asymptomatic, symptomatic, and pregnant patients, as well as our viewpoint on population screening.
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128
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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131
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Heterogeneity of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells: A Determinant for Regional Characteristics of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms? J Transl Int Med 2018; 6:93-96. [PMID: 30425944 PMCID: PMC6231305 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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132
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Carnevale D, Facchinello N, Iodice D, Bizzotto D, Perrotta M, De Stefani D, Pallante F, Carnevale L, Ricciardi F, Cifelli G, Da Ros F, Casaburo M, Fardella S, Bonaldo P, Innocenzi G, Rizzuto R, Braghetta P, Lembo G, Bressan GM. Loss of EMILIN-1 Enhances Arteriolar Myogenic Tone Through TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-β)–Dependent Transactivation of EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and Is Relevant for Hypertension in Mice and Humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2484-2497. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carnevale
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.C., M.P., G.L.)
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Iodice
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Dario Bizzotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Perrotta
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.C., M.P., G.L.)
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.D.S., R.R.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Pallante
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Franco Ricciardi
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.R., G.I.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cifelli
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Da Ros
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefania Fardella
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.D.S., R.R.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.C., M.P., G.L.)
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giorgio M. Bressan
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
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Chen PY, Simons M. Fibroblast growth factor-transforming growth factor beta dialogues, endothelial cell to mesenchymal transition, and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2018; 29:397-403. [PMID: 30080704 PMCID: PMC6290915 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite much effort, atherosclerosis remains an important public health problem, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide an understanding of the role of endothelial cell fate change in atherosclerosis process. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that a process known as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) may play an important role in atherosclerosis development. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) has been shown to be an important driver of the endothelial cell phenotype transition. SUMMARY The current review deals with the current state of knowledge regarding EndMT's role in atherosclerosis and its regulation by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-TGFβ cross-talk. A better understanding of FGF-TGFβ signaling in the regulation of endothelial cell phenotypes is key to the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Zhou B, Li W, Zhao G, Yu B, Ma B, Liu Z, Xie N, Fu Y, Gong Z, Dai R, Zhang X, Kong W. Rapamycin prevents thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in mice. J Vasc Surg 2018; 69:921-932.e3. [PMID: 30253896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.05.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether rapamycin inhibits the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) in mice. METHODS Three-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a normal diet and randomized into a control group (n = 6), β-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN) group (Gp A; n = 15), BAPN plus rapamycin (5 mg) group (Gp B; n = 8), and BAPN plus rapamycin (10 mg) group (Gp C; n = 8). Gp A, Gp B, and Gp C were administered BAPN (1 g/kg/d) for 4 weeks. One week after BAPN administration, Gp B and Gp C were treated with rapamycin (5 mg/kg/d or 10 mg/kg/d) through gavage for 21 days. Thoracic aortas were harvested for Western blot and immunofluorescence staining at day 14 and for morphologic and histologic analyses at day 28. RESULTS BAPN treatment induced TAAD formation in mice. The incidence of TAAD in control, Gp A, Gp B, and Gp C mice was 0%, 80%, 25%, and 37.5%, respectively. Smaller thoracic aortic diameters (ascending aorta and arch) were observed in Gp B and Gp C mice than in Gp A mice (Gp B vs Gp A: ascending aorta, ex vivo, 1.07 ± 0.21 mm vs 1.80 ± 0.67 mm [P < .05]; aortic arch, ex vivo, 1.51 ± 0.40 mm vs 2.70 ± 1.06 mm [P < .05]; Gp C vs Gp A: ascending aortas, ex vivo, 1.10 ± 0.33 mm vs 1.80 ± 0.67 mm [P < .05]; aortic arch, ex vivo, 1.55 ± 0.56 mm vs 2.70 ± 1.06 mm [P < .05]). TAAD mice exhibited elastin fragmentation, abundant inflammatory cell infiltration, and significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase production in the aorta, and rapamycin treatment alleviated these changes. The protein levels of p-S6K and p-S6 in TAAD aortic tissues increased significantly, whereas they were suppressed by rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin suppressed TAAD formation, probably by inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase 9 production. Targeting of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway using rapamycin may be a favorable modulation for the clinical treatment of TAAD.
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MESH Headings
- Aminopropionitrile
- Aortic Dissection/chemically induced
- Aortic Dissection/enzymology
- Aortic Dissection/pathology
- Aortic Dissection/prevention & control
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/prevention & control
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baihui Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhujiang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Gong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rongbo Dai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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135
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TGF-β receptors: In and beyond TGF-β signaling. Cell Signal 2018; 52:112-120. [PMID: 30184463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in normal development and homeostasis. Dysregulation of TGF-β responsiveness and its downstream signaling pathways contribute to many diseases, including cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. TGF-β ligands bind to three isoforms of the TGF-β receptor (TGFBR) with different affinities. TGFBR1 and 2 are both serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases, but TGFBR3 does not have any kinase activity. They are necessary for activating canonical or noncanonical signaling pathways, as well as for regulating the activation of other signaling pathways. Another prominent feature of TGF-β signaling is its context-dependent effects, temporally and spatially. The diverse effects and context dependency are either achieved by fine-tuning the downstream components or by regulating the expressions and activities of the ligands or receptors. Focusing on the receptors in events in and beyond TGF-β signaling, we review the membrane trafficking of TGFBRs, the kinase activity of TGFBR1 and 2, the direct interactions between TGFBR2 and other receptors, and the novel roles of TGFBR3.
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136
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Chen F, Shao F, Hinds A, Yao S, Ram-Mohan S, Norman TA, Krishnan R, Fine A. Retinoic acid signaling is essential for airway smooth muscle homeostasis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120398. [PMID: 30135301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a dynamic and complex tissue involved in regulation of bronchomotor tone, but the molecular events essential for the maintenance of ASM homeostasis are not well understood. Observational and genome-wide association studies in humans have linked airway function to the nutritional status of vitamin A and its bioactive metabolite retinoic acid (RA). Here, we provide evidence that ongoing RA signaling is critical for the regulation of adult ASM phenotype. By using dietary, pharmacologic, and genetic models in mice and humans, we show that (a) RA signaling is active in adult ASM in the normal lung, (b) RA-deficient ASM cells are hypertrophic, hypercontractile, profibrotic, but not hyperproliferative, (c) TGF-β signaling, known to cause ASM hypertrophy and airway fibrosis in human obstructive lung diseases, is hyperactivated in RA-deficient ASM, (d) pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of the TGF-β activity in ASM prevents the development of the aberrant phenotype induced by RA deficiency, and (e) the consequences of transient RA deficiency in ASM are long-lasting. These results indicate that RA signaling actively maintains adult ASM homeostasis, and disruption of RA signaling leads to aberrant ASM phenotypes similar to those seen in human chronic airway diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Chen
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fengzhi Shao
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Hinds
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean Yao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sumati Ram-Mohan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy A Norman
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Fine
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, West Roxbury Veterans Hospital, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
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137
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majesky
- From the Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington.
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138
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Takeda N, Hara H, Fujiwara T, Kanaya T, Maemura S, Komuro I. TGF-β Signaling-Related Genes and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072125. [PMID: 30037098 PMCID: PMC6073540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β signaling plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of various organs, including the vasculature. Accordingly, the mutations in TGF-β signaling pathway-related genes cause heritable disorders of the connective tissue, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS), Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS), and these syndromes may affect skeletal, ocular, pulmonary, and cardiovascular systems. Aortic root aneurysms are common problems that can result in aortic dissection or rupture, which is the leading cause of sudden death in the natural history of MFS and LDS, and recent improvements in surgical treatment have improved life expectancy. However, there is currently no genotype-specific medical treatment. Accumulating evidence suggest that not only structural weakness of connective tissue but also increased TGF-β signaling contributes to the complicated pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm formation, but a comprehensive understanding of governing molecular mechanisms remains lacking. Inhibition of angiotensin II receptor signaling and endothelial dysfunction have gained attention as a possible MFS treatment strategy, but interactions with TGF-β signaling remain elusive. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in TGF-β receptors 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) cause LDS, but TGF-β signaling is activated in the aorta (referred to as the TGF-β paradox) by mechanisms yet to be elucidated. In this review, we present and discuss the current understanding of molecular mechanisms responsible for aortopathies of MFS and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Hironori Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Kanaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Sonoko Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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139
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Gao P, Wu W, Ye J, Lu YW, Adam AP, Singer HA, Long X. Transforming growth factor β1 suppresses proinflammatory gene program independent of its regulation on vascular smooth muscle differentiation and autophagy. Cell Signal 2018; 50:160-170. [PMID: 30006123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling plays crucial roles in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis, and is established as a strong activator of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of various vascular diseases. Although TGFβ signaling has been suggested to be protective against inflammatory aortic aneurysm progression, its exact effects on VSMC inflammatory process and the underlying mechanisms are not fully unraveled. Here we revealed that TGFβ1 suppressed the expression of a broad array of proinflammatory genes while potently induced the expression of contractile genes in cultured primary human coronary artery SMCs (HCASMCs). The regulation of TGFβ1 on VSMC contractile and proinflammatory gene programs appeared to occur in parallel and both processes were through a SMAD4-dependent canonical pathway. We also showed evidence that the suppression of TGFβ1 on VSMC proinflammatory genes was mediated, at least partially through the blockade of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κB pathways. Interestingly, our RNA-seq data also revealed that TGFβ1 suppressed gene expression of a battery of autophagy mediators, which was validated by western blot for the conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and by immunofluo-rescence staining for LC3 puncta. However, impairment of VSMC autophagy by ATG5 deletion failed to rescue TGFβ1 influence on both VSMC contractile and proinflammatory gene programs, suggesting that TGFβ1-regulated VSMC differentiation and inflammation are not attributed to TGFβ1 suppression on autophagy. In summary, our results demonstrated an important role of TGFβ signaling in suppressing proinflammatory gene program in cultured primary human VSMCs via the blockade on STAT3 and NF-κB pathway, therefore providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective role of TGFβ signaling in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jiemei Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Alejandro Pablo Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.
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140
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Schütz E, Bochenek ML, Riehl DR, Bosmann M, Münzel T, Konstantinides S, Schäfer K. Absence of transforming growth factor beta 1 in murine platelets reduces neointima formation without affecting arterial thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2018; 117:1782-1797. [PMID: 28726976 DOI: 10.1160/th17-02-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelet degranulation at the site of vascular injury prevents bleeding and may affect the chronic vascular wound healing response. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 is a major component of platelet α-granules known to accumulating in thrombi. It was our aim to determine the role of TGFβ1 released from activated platelets for neointima formation following arterial injury and thrombosis. Mice with platelet-specific deletion of TGFβ1 (Plt.TGFβ-KO) underwent carotid artery injury. Immunoassays confirmed the absence of active TGFβ1 in platelet releasates and plasma of Plt.TGFβ-KO mice. Whole blood analyses revealed similar haematological parameters, and tail cut assays excluded major bleeding defects. Platelet aggregation and the acute thrombotic response to injury in vivo did not differ between Plt.TGFβ-KO and Plt.TGFβ-WT mice. Morphometric analysis revealed that absence of TGFβ1 in platelets resulted in a significant reduction of neointima formation with lower neointima area, intima-to-media ratio, and lumen stenosis. On the other hand, the media area was enlarged in mice lacking TGFβ1 in platelets and contained increased amounts of proteases involved in latent TGFβ activation, including MMP2, MMP9 and thrombin. Significantly increased numbers of proliferating cells and cells expressing the mesenchymal markers platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β or fibroblast-specific protein-1, and the macrophage antigen F4/80, were observed in the media of Plt.TGFβ-KO mice, whereas the medial smooth muscle-actin-immunopositive area and collagen content did not differ between genotypes. Our findings support an essential role for platelet-derived TGFβ1 for the vascular remodelling response to arterial injury, apparently independent from the role of platelets in thrombosis or haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katrin Schäfer
- Katrin Schäfer, MD, FESC, FAHA, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, Tel.: +49 6131 17 4221, Fax: +49 6131 17 8047, E-mail:
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141
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Fibrillin-1 insufficiency alters periodontal wound healing failure in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 90:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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142
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Elia L, Kunderfranco P, Carullo P, Vacchiano M, Farina FM, Hall IF, Mantero S, Panico C, Papait R, Condorelli G, Quintavalle M. UHRF1 epigenetically orchestrates smooth muscle cell plasticity in arterial disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2473-2486. [PMID: 29558369 DOI: 10.1172/jci96121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) dedifferentiate in response to extracellular cues such as vascular damage and inflammation. Dedifferentiated VSMCs are proliferative, migratory, less contractile, and can contribute to vascular repair as well as to cardiovascular pathologies such as intimal hyperplasia/restenosis in coronary artery and arterial aneurysm. We here demonstrate the role of ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) as an epigenetic master regulator of VSMC plasticity. UHRF1 expression correlated with the development of vascular pathologies associated with modulation of noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs. miR-145 - pivotal in regulating VSMC plasticity, which is reduced in vascular diseases - was found to control Uhrf1 mRNA translation. In turn, UHRF1 triggered VSMC proliferation, directly repressing promoters of cell-cycle inhibitor genes (including p21 and p27) and key prodifferentiation genes via the methylation of DNA and histones. Local vascular viral delivery of Uhrf1 shRNAs or Uhrf1 VSMC-specific deletion prevented intimal hyperplasia in mouse carotid artery and decreased vessel damage in a mouse model of aortic aneurysm. Our study demonstrates the fundamental role of Uhrf1 in regulating VSMC phenotype by promoting proliferation and dedifferentiation. UHRF1 targeting may hold therapeutic potential in vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Elia
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pierluigi Carullo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vacchiano
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ignacio Fernando Hall
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Mantero
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Panico
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Papait
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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143
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Lin CJ, Lin CY, Stitziel NO. Genetics of the extracellular matrix in aortic aneurysmal diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:128-143. [PMID: 29656146 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are morbid conditions that can lead to rupture or dissection and are categorized as thoracic (TAA) or abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) depending on their location. While AAA shares overlapping risk factors with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, TAA exhibits strong heritability. Human genetic studies in the past two decades have successfully identified numerous genes involved in both familial and sporadic forms of aortic aneurysm. In this review we will discuss the genetic basis of aortic aneurysm, focusing on the extracellular matrix and how insights from these studies have informed our understanding of human biology and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; McDonell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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144
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Sinha S, Santoro MM. New models to study vascular mural cell embryonic origin: implications in vascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:481-491. [PMID: 29385541 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A key question in vascular biology is how the diversity of origin of vascular mural cells, namely smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and pericytes influences vessel properties, in particular the regional propensity to vascular diseases. This review therefore first describes the role and regulation of mural cells during vascular formation, with a focus on embryonic origin. We then consider the evidence that connects heterogeneities in SMC and pericyte origins with disease. Since this idea has major implications for understanding and modelling human disease, then there is a pressing need for new model systems to investigate mural cell development and the consequences of heterogeneity. Recent advances arising from in vitro strategies for deriving mural cells from human pluripotent stem cells as well as from the zebrafish model will be discussed and the medical relevance of these discoveries will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sinha
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Massimo Mattia Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
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145
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Lino Cardenas CL, Kessinger CW, MacDonald C, Jassar AS, Isselbacher EM, Jaffer FA, Lindsay ME. Inhibition of the methyltranferase EZH2 improves aortic performance in experimental thoracic aortic aneurysm. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515022 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding contractile proteins have been observed in thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). To gain insight into the contribution of contractile protein deficiency in the pathogenesis of TAA, we examined human aneurysm samples. We found multiple contractile gene products deficient in TAA samples, and in particular, expression of SM22α was inversely correlated with aneurysm size. SM22α-deficient mice demonstrated pregnancy-induced aortic dissection, and SM22α deficiency worsened aortic aneurysm in Fbn1C1039G/+ (Marfan) mice, validating this gene product as a TAA effector. We found that repression of SM22α was enforced by increased activity of the methyltransferase EZH2. TGF-β effectors such as SMAD3 were excluded from binding SM22α-encoding chromatin (TAGLN) in TAA samples, while treatment with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 improved cytoskeletal architecture and restored SM22α expression. Finally, inhibition of EZH2 improved aortic performance in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice, in association with restoration of contractile protein expression (including SM22α). Together, these data inform our understanding of contractile protein deficiency in TAA and support the pursuit of chromatin modifying factors as therapeutic targets in aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyn MacDonald
- Thoracic Aortic Center.,Cardiovascular Research Center.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Arminder S Jassar
- Thoracic Aortic Center.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Eric M Isselbacher
- Thoracic Aortic Center.,Cardiovascular Research Center.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Mark E Lindsay
- Thoracic Aortic Center.,Cardiovascular Research Center.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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146
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Abstract
Microfibril-associated glycoproteins 1 and 2 (MAGP-1, MAGP-2) are protein components of extracellular matrix microfibrils. These proteins interact with fibrillin, the core component of microfibrils, and impart unique biological properties that influence microfibril function in vertebrates. MAGPs bind active forms of TGFβ and BMPs and are capable of modulating Notch signaling. Mutations in MAGP-1 or MAGP-2 have been linked to thoracic aneurysms and metabolic disease in humans. MAGP-2 has also been shown to be an important biomarker in several human cancers. Mice lacking MAGP-1 or MAGP-2 have defects in multiple organ systems, which reflects the widespread distribution of microfibrils in vertebrate tissues. This review summarizes our current understanding of the function of the MAGPs and their relationship to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Thomas J Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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147
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Lim YH, Kwon DH, Kim J, Park WJ, Kook H, Kim YK. Identification of long noncoding RNAs involved in muscle differentiation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193898. [PMID: 29499054 PMCID: PMC5834194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large class of regulatory RNAs with diverse roles in cellular processes. Thousands of lncRNAs have been discovered; however, their roles in the regulation of muscle differentiation are unclear because no comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs during this process has been performed. In the present study, by combining diverse RNA sequencing datasets obtained from public database, we discovered lncRNAs that could behave as regulators in the differentiation of smooth or skeletal muscle cells. These analyses confirmed the roles of previously reported lncRNAs in this process. Moreover, we discovered dozens of novel lncRNAs whose expression patterns suggested their possible involvement in the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells. The comparison of lncRNA expression change suggested that many lncRNAs have common roles during the differentiation of smooth and skeletal muscles, while some lncRNAs may have opposite roles in this process. The expression change of lncRNAs was highly correlated with that of their neighboring genes, suggesting that they may function as cis-acting lncRNAs. Furthermore, within the lncRNA sequences, there were binding sites for miRNAs with expression levels inversely correlated with the expression of corresponding lncRNAs during differentiation, suggesting a possible role of these lncRNAs as competing endogenous RNAs. The lncRNAs identified in this study will be a useful resource for future studies of gene regulation during muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hwan Lim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hwa Kwon
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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148
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Bellini C, Bersi MR, Caulk AW, Ferruzzi J, Milewicz DM, Ramirez F, Rifkin DB, Tellides G, Yanagisawa H, Humphrey JD. Comparison of 10 murine models reveals a distinct biomechanical phenotype in thoracic aortic aneurysms. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2016.1036. [PMID: 28490606 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms are life-threatening lesions that afflict young and old individuals alike. They frequently associate with genetic mutations and are characterized by reduced elastic fibre integrity, dysfunctional smooth muscle cells, improperly remodelled collagen and pooled mucoid material. There is a pressing need to understand better the compromised structural integrity of the aorta that results from these genetic mutations and renders the wall vulnerable to dilatation, dissection or rupture. In this paper, we compare the biaxial mechanical properties of the ascending aorta from 10 murine models: wild-type controls, acute elastase-treated, and eight models with genetic mutations affecting extracellular matrix proteins, transmembrane receptors, cytoskeletal proteins, or intracellular signalling molecules. Collectively, our data for these diverse mouse models suggest that reduced mechanical functionality, as indicated by a decreased elastic energy storage capability or reduced distensibility, does not predispose to aneurysms. Rather, despite normal or lower than normal circumferential and axial wall stresses, it appears that intramural cells in the ascending aorta of mice prone to aneurysms are unable to maintain or restore the intrinsic circumferential material stiffness, which may render the wall biomechanically vulnerable to continued dilatation and possible rupture. This finding is consistent with an underlying dysfunctional mechanosensing or mechanoregulation of the extracellular matrix, which normally endows the wall with both appropriate compliance and sufficient strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bellini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M R Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A W Caulk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Ferruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D B Rifkin
- Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA .,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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149
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Dave JM, Mirabella T, Weatherbee SD, Greif DM. Pericyte ALK5/TIMP3 Axis Contributes to Endothelial Morphogenesis in the Developing Brain. Dev Cell 2018; 44:665-678.e6. [PMID: 29456135 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The murine embryonic blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs), and basement membrane. Although PCs are critical for inducing vascular stability, signaling pathways in PCs that regulate EC morphogenesis during BBB development remain unexplored. Herein, we find that murine embryos lacking the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor activin receptor-like kinase 5 (Alk5) in brain PCs (mutants) develop gross germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). The germinal matrix (GM) is a highly vascularized structure rich in neuronal and glial precursors. We show that GM microvessels of mutants display abnormal dilation, reduced PC coverage, EC hyperproliferation, reduced basement membrane collagen, and enhanced perivascular matrix metalloproteinase activity. Furthermore, ALK5-depleted PCs downregulate tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), and TIMP3 administration to mutants improves endothelial morphogenesis and attenuates GMH-IVH. Overall, our findings reveal a key role for PC ALK5 in regulating brain endothelial morphogenesis and a substantial therapeutic potential for TIMP3 during GMH-IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui M Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Teodelinda Mirabella
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Scott D Weatherbee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 773J, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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150
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Goumans MJ, Ten Dijke P. TGF-β Signaling in Control of Cardiovascular Function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a022210. [PMID: 28348036 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular syndromes, including Osler-Rendu-Weber disease or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and Marfan syndrome. Disturbed TGF-β signaling can also cause nonhereditary disorders like atherosclerosis and cardiac fibrosis. Accordingly, cell culture studies using endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells (SMCs), cultured alone or together in two- or three-dimensional cell culture assays, on plastic or embedded in matrix, have shown that TGF-β has a pivotal effect on endothelial and SMC proliferation, differentiation, migration, tube formation, and sprouting. Moreover, TGF-β can stimulate endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process shown to be of key importance in heart valve cushion formation and in various pathological vascular processes. Here, we discuss the roles of TGF-β in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis and the deregulation of TGF-β signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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