101
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de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J, Scheffel DL, Soares DG, Basso FG, Ribeiro APD. Methods to evaluate and strategies to improve the biocompatibility of dental materials and operative techniques. Dent Mater 2014; 30:769-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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102
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Fekrazad R, Seraj B, Ghadimi S, Tamiz P, Mottahary P, Dehghan MM. The effect of low-level laser therapy (810 nm) on root development of immature permanent teeth in dogs. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1251-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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103
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He W, Zhang J, Niu Z, Yu Q, Wang Z, Zhang R, Su L, Fu L, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. Regulatory interplay between NFIC and TGF-β1 in apical papilla-derived stem cells. J Dent Res 2014; 93:496-501. [PMID: 24570148 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514525200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can regulate odontoblast differentiation in tooth crown morphogenesis, its effects on cells including stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) involved in root formation are unclear. Nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) has been implicated in the regulation of root development, and interplay with TGF-β1 signaling has been reported in some cell types. We hypothesize that NFIC and TGF-β1 are important to the behavior of SCAPs and that the interplay between these molecules controls the regulation of the odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. TGF-β1 inhibited the proliferation of SCAPs and their mineralization. Real-time polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot results showed that TGF-β1 significantly decreased osteogenic/dentinogenic gene expression. The inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling (SIS3) attenuated the suppressive effect of TGF-β1 on SCAPs. Importantly, overexpression of NFIC antagonized the effects of TGF-β1 on SCAPs, while knockdown of NFIC enhanced these effects, demonstrating a key regulatory role for NFIC in modulating TGF-β1 signaling in SCAPs. We conclude that this interplay between NFIC and TGF-β1 regulates SCAPs behavior and can determine the differentiation of these cells. These signaling interactions help inform the development of regenerative strategies aimed at root growth and development in immature teeth for endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W He
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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104
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Lesot H, Hovorakova M, Peterka M, Peterkova R. Three-dimensional analysis of molar development in the mouse from the cap to bell stage. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:81-100. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Lesot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; UMR 1109, Team ‘Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine’; Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg; Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Strasbourg France
| | - M Hovorakova
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M Peterka
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - R Peterkova
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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105
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Pääkkönen V, Rusanen P, Hagström J, Tjäderhane L. Mature human odontoblasts express virus-recognizing toll-like receptors. Int Endod J 2014; 47:934-41. [PMID: 24372441 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) -3, -7, -8 and -9 as well as interferon receptors alpha and gamma (IFNAR1/IFNAR2 and IFNGR1/IFNGR2), which play important roles in the defence against viruses. METHODOLOGY DNA microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of TLR3, -7, -8 and -9 as well as IFNAR1/IFNAR2 and IFNGR1/IFNGR2 genes in mature native human odontoblasts and pulp were performed. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm TLR8 protein in odontoblasts of healthy and carious human teeth. RESULTS TLR3, -7, -8 and -9 mRNAs were detected both in odontoblasts and in pulp, but TLR8 expression level was higher in the odontoblasts. IFNAR and IFNGR expression was observed in both tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of healthy teeth revealed positive TLR8 staining in the pre-dentine and the dentine but varying staining patterns in the different portions of tooth. Lighter TLR8 staining was observed in dentine of mildly carious teeth. In teeth with carious lesions extending into the mid-dentine, only very weak staining was detected. CONCLUSIONS The finding of these virus-recognition-related genes in odontoblasts strengthens the view that odontoblasts participate in the immune response of the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pääkkönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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106
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Munemasa T, Idaira Y, Fukada T, Shimoda S, Asada Y. Histological Analysis of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta in Slc39a13/Zip13 Knockout Mice. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.23.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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107
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Niño-Barrera JL, Gutiérrez ML, Garzón-Alvarado DA. A theoretical model of dentinogenesis: dentin and dentinal tubule formation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 112:219-227. [PMID: 23866998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentinogenesis, odontoblast dentin formation, includes dentinal growth, mineralization and dentinal tubule formation. Odontoblasts synthesize collagen resulting in collagen apposition contributing to dentinogenesis. Furthermore, within the tubule, they express non-collagenous proteins, such as dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), associated with hydroxyapatite crystal formation and growth. The aim of this work was to determine patterns of growth and dentin formation and quantification of its mineralization. Findings from our work are relevant to endodontics for future regenerative treatment. METHODS We formulated a 3D domain mathematical model, which recreates the events that lead to dentinal tubule mineralization. As reference we used collagen apposition and DPP activity. RESULTS We obtained a model depicting predentin's mineralization distribution during dentin development. Furthermore, we verified different DPP diffusion coefficients to test the model's sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS We present a model to shed light on the process of dentin and dentinal tubule formation, and its relation to diffusion and mineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier L Niño-Barrera
- College of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; College of Dentistry, Endodontics School, Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
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108
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Tjäderhane L, Koivumäki S, Pääkkönen V, Ilvesaro J, Soini Y, Salo T, Metsikkö K, Tuukkanen J. Polarity of Mature Human Odontoblasts. J Dent Res 2013; 92:1011-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034513504783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontoblast polarization is based on histological appearance as columnar cells with asymmetric disposition of organelles and plasma membrane domains. However, little is known about the odontoblast plasma membrane organization. We investigated odontoblast membrane polarity using influenza virus hemagglutinin and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein as model proteins in mature human odontoblast organ culture. We also examined the distribution patterns of aquaporin 4 and 5, which are basolateral and apical proteins in epithelial cells, respectively. Confocal microscopy immunofluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated that the apical markers located at the surface toward pulp and basolateral markers located at the plasma membrane of odontoblast processes. Therefore, odontoblast plasma membrane polarity was different from that in epithelial cells. Also, certain lectins stained odontoblast processes while others stained the soma, reflecting the different natures of their membrane domains. Strong ZO-1 and weaker claudin expression suggest weak tight junctions in the odontoblasts. TGF-β1 showed a tendency to reinstate the expression of selected TJ genes, indicating that TGF-β1 may control odontoblast cell layer integrity by controlling tight junction protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - S. Koivumäki
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - V. Pääkkönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Y. Soini
- Oulu University Hospital, Finland
- Departments of Pathology, Universities of Oulu and Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - T. Salo
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - K. Metsikkö
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - J. Tuukkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Finland
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109
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Chang MC, Lin LD, Tseng HC, Chang BE, Chan CP, Lee SY, Chang HH, Lin PS, Tseng SK, Jeng JH. Growth and differentiation factor-5 regulates the growth and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2013; 39:1272-7. [PMID: 24041390 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a multifunctional protein that regulates the development and repair in many tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether GDF-5 may influence the proliferation, differentiation, and collagen turnover of human dental pulp cells. METHODS Human dental pulp cells were treated with different concentrations of GDF-5 (0-500 ng/mL). Morphology of pulp cells was observed under a microscope. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Immunofluorescent assay was used to observe the percentages of cell mitosis. Collagen content was measured by Sircol collagen assay. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 level in the culture medium was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Cell differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP enzyme activity assay. RESULTS After exposure of dental pulp cells to various concentrations of GDF-5, cell number was up-regulated significantly in dose-dependent manner. GDF-5 also stimulated mitosis of dental pulp cells as indicated by an increased percentage of binucleated cells from 28% to 35%-45%. GDF-5 did not affect the collagen content and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 level of pulp cells. GDF-5 decreased the ALP activity of pulp cells as analyzed by ALP staining and enzyme activity assay, with 14%-44% of inhibition. CONCLUSIONS GDF-5 revealed mitogenic and proliferative activity to dental pulp cells. GDF-5 showed inhibitory effect on ALP activity but little effect on the collagen turnover. These events are crucial in specific stages of dental pulp repair and regeneration. GDF-5 may be potentially used for tissue engineering of pulp-dentin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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110
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Wang F, Wu LA, Li W, Yang Y, Guo F, Gao Q, Chuang HH, Shoff L, Wang W, Chen S. Immortalized mouse dental papilla mesenchymal cells preserve odontoblastic phenotype and respond to bone morphogenetic protein 2. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:626-37. [PMID: 23813243 PMCID: PMC3779316 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenesis is the result of the reciprocal interactions between epithelial–mesenchymal cells leading to terminally differentiated odontoblasts. This process from dental papilla mesenchymal cells to odontoblasts is regulated by a complex signaling pathway. When isolated from the developing tooth germs, odontoblasts quickly lose their potential to maintain the odontoblast-specific phenotype. Therefore, generation of an odontoblast-like cell line would be a good surrogate model for studying the dental mesenchymal cell differentiation into odontoblasts and the molecular events of dentin formation. In this study, immortalized dental papilla mesenchymal cell lines were generated from the first mouse mandibular molars at postnatal day 3 using pSV40. These transformed cells were characterized by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and analyzed for alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization nodule formation. One of these immortalized cell lines, iMDP-3, displayed a high proliferation rate, but retained the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics similar to primary cells as determined by expression of tooth-specific markers and demonstrated the ability to differentiate and form mineralized nodules. Furthermore, iMDP-3 cells had high transfection efficiency as well as were inducible and responded to BMP2 stimulation. We conclude that the establishment of the stable murine dental papilla mesenchymal cell line might be used for studying the mechanisms of dental cell differentiation and dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Basic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Li-An Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi-an, China
| | - Wentong Li
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - Qingping Gao
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - Hui-Hsiu Chuang
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - Lisa Shoff
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Basic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
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111
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About I. Dentin-pulp regeneration: the primordial role of the microenvironment and its modification by traumatic injuries and bioactive materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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112
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Li J, Yang J, Li J, Chen L, Liang K, Wu W, Chen X, Li J. Bioinspired intrafibrillar mineralization of human dentine by PAMAM dendrimer. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6738-47. [PMID: 23787113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to develop potential substitutes or restorative materials for human hard tissues such as bone and teeth. A general strategy is to mimic the functions of noncollagenous proteins (NCPs), which can modulate the biomineralization process, leading to hierarchical intrafibrillar mineralization and is very important for the properties of biomineralized hard tissues. However, most of the reported biomimetic mineralization strategies could not mimic the full roles of NCPs and reproduce the elegant hierarchy of the biomineralized tissues. In this work, we use 'artificial protein', i.e., PAMAM-COOH dendrimer, to be the analog of NCPs, due to its mono-dispersed molecular weight within the size retention range of collagen and the well-defined steric structure. The bioinspired mineralization process induced by PAMAM-COOH on human dentine was characterized and illustrated both in vitro and in vivo. The design of PAMAM-COOH, especially the 4th generation one (G4-COOH), provides a general strategy to prepare various promising restorative materials for biomineralized hard tissues such as bone and teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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113
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Pérard M, Le Clerc J, Watrin T, Meary F, Pérez F, Tricot-Doleux S, Pellen-Mussi P. Spheroid model study comparing the biocompatibility of Biodentine and MTA. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1527-1534. [PMID: 23515903 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to assess the biological effects of a new dentine substitute based on Ca₃SiO₅ (Biodentine™) for use in pulp-capping treatment, on pseudo-odontoblastic (MDPC-23) and pulp (Od-21) cells. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on gene expression in cultured spheroids. We used the acid phosphatase assay to compare the biocompatibility of Biodentine and MTA. Cell differentiation was investigated by RT-qPCR. We investigated the expression of genes involved in odontogenic differentiation (Runx2), matrix secretion (Col1a1, Spp1) and mineralisation (Alp). ANOVA and PLSD tests were used for data analysis. MDPC-23 cells cultured in the presence of MTA had higher levels of viability than those cultured in the presence of Biodentine and control cells on day 7 (P = 0.0065 and P = 0.0126, respectively). For Od-21 cells, proliferation rates on day 7 were significantly lower in the presence of Biodentine or MTA than for control (P < 0.0001). Col1a1 expression levels were slightly lower in cells cultured in the presence of MTA than in those cultured in the presence of Biodentine and in control cells. Biodentine and MTA may modify the proliferation of pulp cell lines. Their effects may fluctuate over time, depending on the cell line considered. The observed similarity between Biodentine and MTA validates the indication for direct pulp-capping claimed by the manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Pérard
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Univ Rennes1, UEB, Bât. 15, 2 Av du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
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114
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Güven EP, Taşlı PN, Yalvac ME, Sofiev N, Kayahan MB, Sahin F. In vitrocomparison of induction capacity and biomineralization ability of mineral trioxide aggregate and a bioceramic root canal sealer. Int Endod J 2013; 46:1173-82. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Güven
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - P. N. Taşlı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering; Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. E. Yalvac
- Center for Gene Therapy; Department of Pediatrics; The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - N. Sofiev
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Capa; Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. B. Kayahan
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - F. Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering; Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Yeditepe University; Istanbul Turkey
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115
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Komiyama Y, Ohba S, Shimohata N, Nakajima K, Hojo H, Yano F, Takato T, Docheva D, Shukunami C, Hiraki Y, Chung UI. Tenomodulin expression in the periodontal ligament enhances cellular adhesion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60203. [PMID: 23593173 PMCID: PMC3622668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is a type II transmembrane protein characteristically expressed in dense connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments. Its expression in the periodontal ligament (PDL) has also been demonstrated, though the timing and function remain unclear. We investigated the expression of Tnmd during murine tooth eruption and explored its biological functions in vitro. Tnmd expression was related to the time of eruption when occlusal force was transferred to the teeth and surrounding tissues. Tnmd overexpression enhanced cell adhesion in NIH3T3 and human PDL cells. In addition, Tnmd-knockout fibroblasts showed decreased cell adhesion. In the extracellular portions of Tnmd, the BRICHOS domain or CS region was found to be responsible for Tnmd-mediated enhancement of cell adhesion. These results suggest that Tnmd acts on the maturation or maintenance of the PDL by positively regulating cell adhesion via its BRICHOS domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuske Komiyama
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SO); (YK)
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SO); (YK)
| | - Nobuyuki Shimohata
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiraki
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Asgary S, Ahmadyar M. Vital pulp therapy using calcium-enriched mixture: An evidence-based review. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:92-8. [PMID: 23716958 PMCID: PMC3659871 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.108173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, casecontrol studies have revealed that the treatment outcomes of root canal therapy (RCT) are generally favorable; however, the overall epidemiological success rate of RCT in the general population is relatively low. On the other hand, vitality of dental pulp is a key factor in the long-term prognosis of permanent teeth; in recent years, vital pulp therapy (VPT) has received significant consideration as it has been revealed that the inflamed pulp has the potential to heal. In this review article, the current best evidence with regard to VPT using calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement in human permanent/primary teeth is discussed. A strategy based on a search using keywords for CEM cement as well as VPT was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahmadyar
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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117
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Gibson MP, Liu Q, Zhu Q, Lu Y, Jani P, Wang X, Liu Y, Paine ML, Snead ML, Feng JQ, Qin C. Role of the NH2 -terminal fragment of dentin sialophosphoprotein in dentinogenesis. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:76-85. [PMID: 23489896 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a large precursor protein that is proteolytically processed into a NH2 -terminal fragment [composed of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and a proteoglycan form (DSP-PG)] and a COOH-terminal fragment [dentin phosphoprotein (DPP)]. In vitro studies indicate that DPP is a strong initiator and regulator of hydroxyapatite crystal formation and growth, but the role(s) of the NH2 -terminal fragment of DSPP (i.e., DSP and DSP-PG) in dentinogenesis remain unclear. This study focuses on the function of the NH2 -terminal fragment of DSPP in dentinogenesis. Here, transgenic (Tg) mouse lines expressing the NH2 -terminal fragment of DSPP driven by a 3.6-kb type I collagen promoter (Col 1a1) were generated and cross-bred with Dspp null mice to obtain mice that express the transgene but lack the endogenous Dspp (Dspp KO/DSP Tg). We found that dentin from the Dspp KO/DSP Tg mice was much thinner, more poorly mineralized, and remarkably disorganized compared with dentin from the Dspp KO mice. The fact that Dspp KO/DSP Tg mice exhibited more severe dentin defects than did the Dspp null mice indicates that the NH2 -terminal fragment of DSPP may inhibit dentin mineralization or may serve as an antagonist against the accelerating action of DPP and serve to prevent predentin from being mineralized too rapidly during dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica P Gibson
- Texas A&M Health Science Center Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Guimarães GN, Cardoso GBC, Naves LZ, Correr-Sobrinho L, Line SRP, Marques MR. Short-term PTH administration increases dentine apposition and microhardness in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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120
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Skinner MF, Skinner MM, Boesch C. Developmental defects of the dental crown in chimpanzees from the Taï National Park, Côte D'ivoire: Coronal waisting. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:272-82. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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121
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Tjäderhane L, Carrilho MR, Breschi L, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Dentin basic structure and composition-an overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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122
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Tjäderhane L, Haapasalo M. The dentin-pulp border: a dynamic interface between hard and soft tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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123
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Almahdy A, Downey FC, Sauro S, Cook RJ, Sherriff M, Richards D, Watson TF, Banerjee A, Festy F. Microbiochemical analysis of carious dentine using Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. Caries Res 2012; 46:432-40. [PMID: 22739587 DOI: 10.1159/000339487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate objectively the microspectroscopically derived biochemical components of sound, infected and affected carious dentine with their microhardness and autofluorescence (AF) characteristics. Over 3 million high-resolution Raman spectra from 8 extracted human carious teeth were recorded using Raman spectrometer with parallel spectrum acquisition. Green AF signals across each carious lesion from all samples were acquired with a similar spatial resolution using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The Knoop microhardness (KHN) from a total of 233 co-localized areas was recorded from the same samples and allocated subjectively into the three zones. Cluster analysis of the Raman data, performed using in-house software, produced five independent spectral components representing mineral content, protein content, porphyrin fluorescence (PF), putative infected dentine signal (IDS) and affected dentine signal (ADS). The distributions of the 5 Raman components and the AF signal were matched across all samples and their average values were calculated for each corresponding KHN area. The infected dentine was defined significantly by the KHN, AF and by the relative contribution of the mineral, PF and IDS clusters. Protein cluster was not statistically related to the KHN or AF. A delineation between affected and sound dentine was observed using the KHN, AF, PF and ADS parameters. This study concludes that micro-Raman spectroscopy can provide a non-invasive and objective evaluation of different carious dentine zones. Being able to detect and assess clinically the caries-affected dentine during minimally invasive operative caries management is important to control the risk of unnecessary tissue removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Almahdy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Li X, Zhou M, Wang X, Li R, Han N, Zhang Q. Quantitative determination of high-temperature requirement protein A1 and its possible associated molecules during induced reparative dentin formation. J Endod 2012; 38:814-20. [PMID: 22595117 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The equilibrium of inhibitors and inducers plays an important role in the mineralization of dentin during dentinogenesis. High-temperature requirement protein A1 (HtrA1) is a novel bone mineralization inhibitor involved in physiological and pathological bone formation. However, the expression of HtrA1 in tooth mineralization is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the localization and quantity of HtrA1 and its possible related molecules during induced reparative dentin formation. METHODS Rats were randomly sacrificed after direct pulp capping on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Maxillary segments were obtained and routinely prepared for histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, quantum dots-based double immunofluorescence, and CRi's Nuance imaging system (CRI, Woburn, MA)-based quantitative determination. RESULTS The square measure values of reparative dentin significantly increased on day 7 and continued to increase until day 21. HtrA1, matrix Gla protein (MGP), nestin, and bone sialoprotein were positively stained and colocalized in the odontoblasts and/or odontoblast-like cells zone and reparative dentin during induced reparative dentin formation. The expressions of HtrA1 and MGP were significantly enhanced after direct pulp capping on day 7 and did not significantly change between days 7, 14, and day 21. Both expressions of HtrA1 and MGP were positively correlated with the square measure values of reparative dentin; however, no correlation was found between the expressions of HtrA1 and MGP. CONCLUSIONS HtrA1 could be observed and might possibly be involved in the process of reparative dentin formation associated with MGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Li
- Department of State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Innovative approaches to regenerate enamel and dentin. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:856470. [PMID: 22666253 PMCID: PMC3359805 DOI: 10.1155/2012/856470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of tooth mineralization and the role of molecular control of cellular behavior during embryonic tooth development have attracted much attention the last few years. The knowledge gained from the research in these fields has improved the general understanding about the formation of dental tissues and the entire tooth and set the basis for teeth regeneration. Tissue engineering using scaffold and cell aggregate methods has been considered to produce bioengineered dental tissues, while dental stem/progenitor cells, which can differentiate into dental cell lineages, have been also introduced into the field of tooth mineralization and regeneration. Some of the main strategies for making enamel, dentin, and complex tooth-like structures are presented in this paper. However, there are still significant barriers that obstruct such strategies to move into the regular clinic practice, and these should be overcome in order to have the regenerative dentistry as the important mean that can treat the consequences of tooth-related diseases.
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Kim EC, Lee HJ, Kim Y. Lysyl oxidase and the lysyl oxidase-like protein modulate odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2012; 38:769-73. [PMID: 22595110 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family is an emerging family of amine oxidases responsible for the formation of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix. To date, 5 LOX family genes have been identified in humans, encoding LOX and LOX-like proteins (LOXL, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4). The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression and function of the LOX family genes in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp (HDP) cells. METHODS Expression of the LOX family genes was assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the amine oxidase activity of HDP cells was evaluated by peroxidase-coupled fluorometric assays. Mineral nodule formation and expression of odontoblastic marker genes were assessed in the presence and absence of specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of the LOX family genes. RESULTS Among the LOX family genes, only LOX and LOXL showed prominent expression during odontoblastic differentiation of HDP cells. Suppression of LOX and LOXL expression by siRNA-induced interference substantially decreased the amine oxidase activity of the differentiating HDP cells. Furthermore, interference of LOX and LOXL expression inhibited mineral nodule formation and expression of odontoblastic marker genes during odontoblastic differentiation of HDP cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings show for the first time that the LOX- and LOXL-mediated organization of collagen fibrils in extracellular matrices of HDP cells might be an important regulator for odontoblastic differentiation of HDP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kwon A, Park HJ, Baek K, Lee HL, Park JC, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Baek JH. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid enhances odontoblast differentiation. J Dent Res 2012; 91:506-12. [PMID: 22447851 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512443367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors stimulate osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo. However, the effects of HDAC inhibitors on odontoblasts have not been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an HDAC inhibitor, on odontoblast differentiation using an MDPC23 odontoblast-like cell line. SAHA significantly enhanced matrix mineralization and the expression levels of odontoblast marker genes. SAHA increased the expression levels of nuclear factor I/C (Nfic) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp). Nfic bound directly to the Dspp promoter and stimulated Dspp transcription. SAHA increased both basal and Nfic-induced Dspp promoter activity. SAHA-induced Dspp promoter activity disappeared when mutations were introduced within the Nfic binding element of the Dspp promoter. Nfic knockdown by siRNA blocked SAHA stimulation of Dspp expression. These results indicate that SAHA enhances odontoblast differentiation and that SAHA increases Dspp expression, at least in part, by increasing the expression level of Nfic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kwon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
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Kim BC, Bae H, Kwon IK, Lee EJ, Park JH, Khademhosseini A, Hwang YS. Osteoblastic/cementoblastic and neural differentiation of dental stem cells and their applications to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:235-44. [PMID: 22224548 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, dental stem and progenitor cells have been harvested from periodontal tissues such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, follicle, and papilla. These cells have received extensive attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their accessibility and multilineage differentiation capacity. These dental stem and progenitor cells are known to be derived from ectomesenchymal origin formed during tooth development. A great deal of research has been accomplished for directing osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation and neural differentiation from dental stem cells. To differentiate dental stem cells for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, there needs to be efficient in vitro differentiation toward the osteoblastic/cementoblastic and neural lineage with well-defined and proficient protocols. This would reduce the likelihood of spontaneous differentiation into divergent lineages and increase the available cell source. This review focuses on the multilineage differentiation capacity, especially into osteoblastic/cementoblastic lineage and neural lineages, of dental stem cells such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), dental follicle stem cells (DFSC), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), and dental papilla stem cells (DPPSC). It also covers various experimental strategies that could be used to direct lineage-specific differentiation, and their potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hayano S, Kurosaka H, Yanagita T, Kalus I, Milz F, Ishihara Y, Islam MN, Kawanabe N, Saito M, Kamioka H, Adachi T, Dierks T, Yamashiro T. Roles of heparan sulfate sulfation in dentinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12217-29. [PMID: 22351753 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.332924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential regulator of cell signaling and development. HS traps signaling molecules, like Wnt in the glycosaminoglycan side chains of HS proteoglycans (HSPGs), and regulates their functions. Endosulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2 are secreted at the cell surface to selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from HSPGs, thereby modifying the affinity of cell surface HSPGs for its ligands. This study provides molecular evidence for the functional roles of HSPG sulfation and desulfation in dentinogenesis. We show that odontogenic cells are highly sulfated on the cell surface and become desulfated during their differentiation to odontoblasts, which produce tooth dentin. Sulf1/Sulf2 double null mutant mice exhibit a thin dentin matrix and short roots combined with reduced expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) mRNA, encoding a dentin-specific extracellular matrix precursor protein, whereas single Sulf mutants do not show such defective phenotypes. In odontoblast cell lines, Dspp mRNA expression is potentiated by the activation of the Wnt canonical signaling pathway. In addition, pharmacological interference with HS sulfation promotes Dspp mRNA expression through activation of Wnt signaling. On the contrary, the silencing of Sulf suppresses the Wnt signaling pathway and subsequently Dspp mRNA expression. We also show that Wnt10a protein binds to cell surface HSPGs in odontoblasts, and interference with HS sulfation decreases the binding affinity of Wnt10a for HSPGs, which facilitates the binding of Wnt10a to its receptor and potentiates the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby up-regulating Dspp mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that Sulf-mediated desulfation of cellular HSPGs is an important modification that is critical for the activation of the Wnt signaling in odontoblasts and for production of the dentin matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hayano
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Nikdin H, Olsson ML, Hultenby K, Sugars RV. Osteoadherin accumulates in the predentin towards the mineralization front in the developing tooth. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31525. [PMID: 22355375 PMCID: PMC3280325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteoglycans (PG) are known to be involved in the organization and assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM) prior to mineral deposition. Osteoadherin (OSAD), a keratan sulphate PG is a member of the small leucine-rich (SLRP) family of PGs and unlike other SLRPs, OSAD expression is restricted to mineralized tissues. It is proposed to have a high affinity for hydroxyapatite and has been shown to be expressed by mature osteoblasts but its exact role remains to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the protein distribution of OSAD in the developing mouse tooth using immunohistochemistry and compared its expression with other SLRPs, biglycan (BGN), decorin (DCN) and fibromodulin (FMD). OSAD was found to be specifically localized in the predentin layer of the tooth and focused at the mineralization front. These studies were confirmed at the ultrastructural level using electron microscopy (iEM), where the distribution of immunogold labeled OSAD particles were quantified and significant amounts were found in the predentin, forming a gradient towards the mineralization front. In addition, iEM results revealed OSAD to lie in close association with collagen fibers, further suggesting an important role for OSAD in the organization of the ECM. The expression profile of mineralization-related SLRP genes by rat dental pulp cells exposed to mineralization inducing factors, showed an increase in all SLRP genes. Indeed, OSAD expression was significantly increased during the mineralization process, specifically following, matrix maturation, and finally mineral deposition. Alizarin Red S staining for calcium deposition showed clear bone-like nodules, which support matrix maturation and mineralization. Conclusions These studies provide new evidence for the role of OSAD in the mineralization process and its specific localization in the predentin layer accumulating at the mineralization front highlighting its role in tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hero Nikdin
- Oral Biology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Olsson
- Oral Biology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rachael V. Sugars
- Oral Biology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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131
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Rb1 mRNA expression in developing mouse teeth. Gene Expr Patterns 2012; 12:130-5. [PMID: 22300525 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rb1 is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell cycle progression through interactions with E2F transcription factors. In recent years, new roles for Rb1 in regulating cellular differentiation have also emerged. For example, it has been shown that Rb1 regulates osteoblast differentiation in a cell cycle independent manner, by binding to the transcription factor Runx2, and facilitating the up-regulation of late bone differentiation markers. Based on the facts that Runx2 also functions in tooth development, and that little is known about potential roles for Rb1 in mammalian tooth development, here we evaluated the expression of Rb1 mRNA in developmentally staged mouse teeth. Our data show that Rb1 mRNA is expressed in both dental epithelial and dental mesenchymal progenitor cells. In addition, Rb1 mRNA appears upregulated in differentiating ameloblasts and odontoblasts, suggesting roles for Rb1 in tooth differentiation.
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132
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Xu C, Wang Y. Chemical composition and structure of peritubular and intertubular human dentine revisited. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:383-91. [PMID: 21996490 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently there is still a debate about whether peritubular dentine (PTD) is non-collageneous or collageneous tissue. The chemical composition and structure of human PTD and intertubular dentine (ITD) was re-visited in this study. DESIGN The dentine tubular region including ITD and PTD prepared from human third molars was in situ detected by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy (μRs) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS From the μRs study, it was found that the mineral/matrix ratios (phosphate vs. CH(2)) in PTD were ∼3 times of those in ITD. For the mineral, the differences between PTD and ITD were small, but still detectable. For the organic matrix, the intensity ratios of amide III to CH(2) in ITD were ∼1.5 times of those in PTD, indicating the structural differences. In addition, there was a higher proline/hydroxyproline content in ITD than that in PTD. However, the overall Raman peak contour in the amide regions (I & III) was similar, indicating collagen might still exist in both the ITD and PTD. An in situ AFM observation of the dentinal tubular region during EDTA etching confirmed that dentine collagen ran across from the ITD into the PTD. CONCLUSION A phenomenon similar to that observed in the dentine-enamel junction is proposed to explain the above results. It is demonstrated that the μRs-AFM approach can be used to provide an insight into the structure of small dental tissues at the micron or sub-micron scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Abstract
Stem cells play a critical role in development and in tissue regeneration. The dental pulp contains a small sub-population of stem cells that are involved in the response of the pulp to caries progression. Specifically, stem cells replace odontoblasts that have undergone cell death as a consequence of the cariogenic challenge. Stem cells also secrete factors that have the potential to enhance pulp vascularisation and provide the oxygen and nutrients required for the dentinogenic response that is typically observed in teeth with deep caries. However, the same angiogenic factors that are required for dentine regeneration may ultimately contribute to the demise of the pulp by enhancing vascular permeability and interstitial pressure. Recent studies focused on the biology of dental pulp stem cells revealed that the multipotency and angiogenic capacity of these cells could be exploited therapeutically in dental pulp tissue engineering. Collectively, these findings suggest new treatment paradigms in the field of endodontics. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential impact of dental pulp stem cells to regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan
| | - Tatiana M. Botero
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan
| | - Jacques E. Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, USA
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134
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Alsanea R, Ravindran S, Fayad MI, Johnson BR, Wenckus CS, Hao J, George A. Biomimetic approach to perforation repair using dental pulp stem cells and dentin matrix protein 1. J Endod 2011; 37:1092-7. [PMID: 21763900 PMCID: PMC3139150 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentin regeneration could be an ideal treatment option to restore tissue function. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) impregnated within a collagen scaffold to regenerate dentin. METHODS Simulated perforations were created in 18 dentin wafers made from freshly extracted human molars. Six groups were established. They were (1) empty wafers, (2) mineral trioxide aggregate, (3) collagen scaffold, (4) scaffold with DMP1, (5) scaffold with DPSCs, and (6) scaffold with DPSCs and DMP1. One sample was placed subcutaneously in each mouse with three mice in each group. After 12 weeks, the samples were subjected to radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS DPSCs impregnated within a collagen scaffold differentiated into odontoblast-like cells forming a highly cellular, vascular, and mineralized matrix in the presence of DMP1. CONCLUSIONS A triad consisting of DPSCs, DMP1, and a collagen scaffold promotes dentin regeneration in a simulated perforation repair model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Alsanea
- Department of Endodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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135
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Mazzoni A, Carrilho M, Papa V, Tjäderhane L, Gobbi P, Nucci C, Di Lenarda R, Mazzotti G, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Breschi L. MMP-2 assay within the hybrid layer created by a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive: Biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. J Dent 2011; 39:470-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Stimulatory effect of low-level laser therapy on root development of rat molars: a preliminary study. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:537-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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137
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Feng J, Yang G, Yuan G, Gluhak-Heinrich J, Yang W, Wang L, Chen Z, Schulze McDaniel J, Donly KJ, Harris SE, Macdougall M, Chen S. Abnormalities in the enamel in bmp2-deficient mice. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 194:216-21. [PMID: 21597270 DOI: 10.1159/000324644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth development is regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and their reciprocal molecular signaling. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) is essential for tooth formation. However, the role of Bmp2 during enamel formation remains unknown in vivo. In this study, the role of Bmp2 in the regulation of postnatal enamel formation was investigated via the conditional ablation of Bmp2 in enamel using the (Osx-Cre) mouse. Bmp2 gene ablation was confirmed by PCR analysis in Osx-Cre, Bmp2(flox/flox) mice. Bmp2-null mice displayed a severe and profound tooth phenotype with asymmetric and open forked incisors. Microradiographs revealed broken incisor tips and dental pulp chamber exposure. The enamel layer of incisors and molars was thin with hypomineralization. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the enamel surface was rough with chipping and the enamel lacked a typical prismatic architecture. These results demonstrate that Bmp2 is essential for enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Feng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex., USA
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138
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Lee EH, Park HJ, Jeong JH, Kim YJ, Cha DW, Kwon DK, Lee SH, Cho JY. The role of asporin in mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1676-82. [PMID: 21413025 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human adult dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are a unique precursor population isolated from postnatal dental pulp and have the ability to regenerate a reparative dentin-like complex. In this study, we investigated the role of Asporin in hDPSCs, which was identified as a matrix protein in our previous dentin proteomic analysis. We isolated a clonogenic, highly proliferative population of cells from adult human dental pulp. These isolated hDPSCs were confirmed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using stem cell-specific markers and have shown multilineage differentiation potential. The localization of Asporin was identified by immunohistochemistry in the globular calcification region in the junction of predentin and dentin. The gene and protein expression levels of Asporin were enhanced at the early stage of and then reduced during the late stage of differentiation of hDPSCs in mineralization media. ASPN knock-down using a lentiviral system suppressed the mineralization of hDPSCs. These results suggest that ASPN plays positive roles in the mineralization of hDPSCs and predentin to dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hyang Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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139
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Abstract
Odontoblasts are long-lived post-mitotic cells in the dental pulp, whose function is to form and maintain dentin. The survival mechanisms that preserve the viability of terminally differentiated odontoblasts during the life of a healthy tooth have not been described. In the present study, we characterized the autophagic-lysosomal system of human odontoblasts with transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, to analyze the mechanisms that maintain the functional viability of these dentinogenic cells. Odontoblasts were found to develop an autophagic-lysosomal system organized mainly by large autophagic vacuoles that are acid-phosphatase-positive to various degrees. These vacuoles expressed the autophagosomal and lysosomal markers LC3 and LAMP2, respectively, in an age-related pattern indicating the organization of a dynamic autophagic machinery. Progressive accumulation of lipofuscin within lysosomes indicates reduced lysosomal activity as a function of odontoblast aging. Our results suggest that autophagic activity in odontoblasts is a fundamental mechanism to ensure turnover and degradation of subcellular components. A reduction in the efficacy of this system might compromise cell viability and dentinogenic secretory capacity. In adult teeth, this condition is described as an 'old odontoblast' stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Couve
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda Gran Bretaña 1111, Casilla 5030, Correo 4, 2360102 Valparaíso, Chile.
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140
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Kalthoff DC. Microstructure of dental hard tissues in fossil and recent xenarthrans (Mammalia: Folivora and Cingulata). J Morphol 2011; 272:641-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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141
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Chattah NLT, Kupczik K, Shahar R, Hublin JJ, Weiner S. Structure-function relations of primate lower incisors: a study of the deformation of Macaca mulatta dentition using electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). J Anat 2011; 218:87-95. [PMID: 20408905 PMCID: PMC3039783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth adopt a variety of different morphologies, each of which is presumably optimized for performing specific functions during feeding. It is generally agreed that the enamel cap is a crucial element in controlling the mechanical behavior of mammalian teeth under load. Incisors are particularly interesting in terms of structure-function relations, as their role in feeding is that of the 'first bite'. However, little is known how incisor cap morphology is related to tooth deformation. In the present paper we examine the mechanical behavior of mandibular central incisors in the cercopithecine primate Macaca mulatta under loads similar to those encountered during ingestion. We map three-dimensional displacements on the labial surface of the crown as it is compressed, using electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), an optical metrology method. In addition, micro-computed tomography is used to obtain data regarding the morphology of the enamel cap, which in the M. mulatta lower incisors exhibits missing or very little enamel on the lingual face. The results showed that although compressed along a longitudinal axis, deformation in the incisors mostly occurred in the lingual direction and orthogonal to the direction of the applied load. Both isolated, embedded teeth and teeth in the mandible showed considerable lingual deformation. Incisor deformation in the mandible was generally greater, reflecting the additional freedom of movement enabled by the supporting structures. We show that the association with adjacent teeth in the arch is significant for the behavior of the tooth under load. Finally, loading two teeth simultaneously in the mandible showed that they work as one functional unit. We suggest that these results demonstrate the importance of enamel cap morphology in directing deformation behavior; an ability stemming from the stiffness of the enamel cap overlying the more pliable dentin.
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142
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β-Catenin and Rho GTPases as downstream targets of TGF-β1 during pulp repair. Cell Biol Int 2010; 35:105-9. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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143
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Davaadorj P, Tokuyama R, Ide S, Tadokoro S, Kudoh K, Satomura K. Possible involvement of maspin in tooth development. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 134:603-14. [PMID: 21069375 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Maspin is a 42 kDa serine protease inhibitor that possesses tumor suppressive and anti-angiogenic activities. Despite of a huge amount of data concerning the expression pattern of maspin in various tissues and its relevance to the biological properties of a variety of human cancer cells, little is known on the maspin expression in skeletal and tooth tissues. Recently, we reported that maspin may play an important role in extracellular matrix formation in bone by enhancing the accumulation of latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix. This study was performed to elucidate the possible role of maspin in tooth development. First, an immunohistochemical analysis for human tooth germs at the late bell stage showed the expression of maspin by active ameloblasts and odontoblasts that were forming enamel and dentin, respectively. During rat tooth development, maspin expression was observed for the first time in inner and outer enamel epithelial cells and dental papilla cells at early bell stage. The neutralizing anti-maspin antibody inhibited the proper dental tissue formation in organ cultures of mandibular first molars obtained from 21-day-old rat embryos. In addition, the proliferation of HAT-7 cells, a rat odontogenic epithelial cell line, and human dental papilla cells were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner with anti-maspin antibody. Moreover, RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of mRNA for tooth-related genes including dentin matrix protein 1, dentin sialophosphoprotein and osteopontin in human dental papilla cells was inhibited when treated with anti-maspin antibody. These findings suggest that maspin expressed in ameloblasts and odontoblasts plays an important physiological role in tooth development through the regulation of matrix formation in dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purevsuren Davaadorj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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144
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Abstract
Two of the proteins found in significant quantity in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of dentin are dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP). DPP, the most abundant of the noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) in dentin is an unusually polyanionic protein, containing a large number of aspartic acids (Asp) and phosphoserines (Pse) in the repeating sequences of (Asp-Pse)(n). and (Asp-Pse-Pse)(n). The many negatively charged regions of DPP are thought to promote mineralization by binding calcium and presenting it to collagen fibers at the mineralization front during the formation of dentin. This purported role of DPP is supported by a sizeable pool of in vitro mineralization data showing that DPP is an important initiator and modulator for the formation and growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. Quite differently, DSP is a glycoprotein, with little or no phosphate. DPP and DSP are the cleavage products of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Human and mouse genetic studies have demonstrated that mutations in, or knockout of, the Dspp gene result in mineralization defects in dentin and/or bone. The discoveries in the past 40 years with regard to DPP, DSP, and DSPP have greatly enhanced our understanding of biomineralization and set a new stage for future studies. In this review, we summarize the important and new developments made in the past four decades regarding the structure and regulation of the Dspp gene, the biochemical characteristics of DSPP, DPP, and DSP as well as the cell/tissue localizations and functions of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunlin Qin
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Chunlin Qin, D.D.S., Ph.D. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center; 3302 Gaston Ave. Room 400, Dallas, TX 75246, USA ; Phone: +1-214-828-8292; Fax: +1-214-874-4538.
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145
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Wu LA, Feng J, Wang L, Mu YD, Baker A, Donly KJ, Gluhak-Heinrich J, Harris SE, MacDougall M, Chen S. Immortalized mouse floxed Bmp2 dental papilla mesenchymal cell lines preserve odontoblastic phenotype and respond to BMP2. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:132-9. [PMID: 20458728 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) is essential for odontogensis and dentin mineralization. Generation of floxed Bmp2 dental mesenchymal cell lines is a valuable application for studying the effects of Bmp2 on dental mesenchymal cell differentiation and its signaling pathways during dentinogenesis. Limitation of the primary culture of dental mesenchymal cells has led to the development of cell lines that serve as good surrogate models for the study of dental mesenchymal cell differentiation into odontoblasts and mineralization. In this study, we established and characterized immortalized mouse floxed Bmp2 dental papilla mesenchymal cell lines, which were isolated from 1st mouse mandibular molars at postnatal day 1 and immortalized with pSV40 and clonally selected. These transfected cell lines were characterized by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and analyzed for alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization nodule formation. One of these immortalized cell lines, iBmp2-dp, displayed a higher proliferation rate, but retained the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics similar to primary cells as determined by expression of tooth-specific markers as well as demonstrated the ability to differentiate and form mineralized nodules. In addition, iBmp2-dp cells were inducible and responded to BMP2 stimulation. Thus, we for the first time described the establishment of an immortalized mouse floxed Bmp2 dental papilla mesenchyma cell line that might be used for studying the mechanisms of dental cell differentiation and dentin mineralization mediated by Bmp2 and other growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-an Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
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146
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Gu LS, Kim J, Kim YK, Liu Y, Dickens SH, Pashley DH, Ling JQ, Tay FR. A chemical phosphorylation-inspired design for Type I collagen biomimetic remineralization. Dent Mater 2010; 26:1077-89. [PMID: 20688381 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type I collagen alone cannot initiate tissue mineralization. Sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) is frequently employed as a chemical phosphorylating reagent in the food industry. This study examined the feasibility of using STMP as a functional analog of matrix phosphoproteins for biomimetic remineralization of resin-bonded dentin. METHODS Equilibrium adsorption and desorption studies of STMP were performed using demineralized dentin powder (DDP). Interaction between STMP and DDP was examined using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Based on those results, a bio-inspired mineralization scheme was developed for chemical phosphorylation of acid-etched dentin with STMP, followed by infiltration of the STMP-treated collagen matrix with two etch-and-rinse adhesives. Resin-dentin interfaces were remineralized in a Portland cement-simulated body fluid system, with or without the use of polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a dual biomimetic analog. Remineralized resin-dentin interfaces were examined unstained using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Analysis of saturation binding curves revealed the presence of irreversible phosphate group binding sites on the surface of the DDP. FT-IR provided additional evidence of chemical interaction between STMP and DDP, with increased in the peak intensities of the PO and P-O-C stretching modes. Those peaks returned to their original intensities after alkaline phosphatase treatment. Evidence of intrafibrillar apatite formation could be seen in incompletely resin-infiltrated, STMP-phosphorylated collagen matrices only when PAA was present in the SBF. SIGNIFICANCE These results reinforce the importance of PAA for sequestration of amorphous calcium phosphate nanoprecursors in the biomimetic remineralization scheme. They also highlight the role of STMP as a templating analog of dentin matrix phosphoproteins for inducing intrafibrillar remineralization of apatite nanocrystals within the collagen matrix of incompletely resin-infiltrated dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-sha Gu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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147
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Budiraharjo R, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Kishen A. Bioactivity of novel carboxymethyl chitosan scaffold incorporating MTA in a tooth model. Int Endod J 2010; 43:930-9. [PMID: 20738427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterise the bioactivity of a novel carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) scaffold with and without incorporating mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in a tooth model. METHODOLOGY Cross-linked CMCS scaffold (CaC) and MTA-coated CaC (CaMT) scaffold were prepared by freeze-drying. The bioactivity of the scaffolds was tested in vitro in four different mineralisation solutions (bulk system) and ex vivo in simulated body fluid (SBF) in the tooth model. After mineralisation, the mineral deposits on the scaffolds were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. All data were statistically analysed using the two-sample t-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Hydroxyapatite (HAP) deposition was observed on CaC and CaMT scaffolds after 1 week of mineralisation in the tooth model and in the bulk system. The deposition was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on CaMT scaffold than that on CaC scaffold. The amount of HAP formed in the tooth model was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in the bulk solution. CONCLUSIONS The CMCS scaffolds are bioactive and capable of biomineralisation by forming HAP within a tooth model ex vivo. The bioactivity of the CMCS scaffold can be enhanced by incorporating MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Budiraharjo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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148
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Catón J, Tucker AS. Current knowledge of tooth development: patterning and mineralization of the murine dentition. J Anat 2010; 214:502-15. [PMID: 19422427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The integument forms a number of different types of mineralized element, including dermal denticles, scutes, ganoid scales, elasmoid scales, fin rays and osteoderms found in certain fish, reptiles, amphibians and xenarthran mammals. To this list can be added teeth, which are far more widely represented and studied than any of the other mineralized elements mentioned above, and as such can be thought of as a model mineralized system. In recent years the focus for studies on tooth development has been the mouse, with a wealth of genetic information accrued and the availability of cutting edge techniques. It is the mouse dentition that this review will concentrate on. The development of the tooth will be followed, looking at what controls the shape of the tooth and how signals from the mesenchyme and epithelium interact to lead to formation of a molar or incisor. The number of teeth generated will then be investigated, looking at how tooth germ number can be reduced or increased by apoptosis, fusion of tooth germs, creation of new tooth germs, and the generation of additional teeth from existing tooth germs. The development of mineralized tissue will then be detailed, looking at how the asymmetrical deposition of enamel is controlled in the mouse incisor. The continued importance of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions at these later stages of tooth development will also be discussed. Tooth anomalies and human disorders have been well covered by recent reviews, therefore in this paper we wish to present a classical review of current knowledge of tooth development, fitting together data from a large number of recent research papers to draw general conclusions about tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Catón
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Orthodontics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, UK
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149
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Rizell S, Kjellberg H, Dietz W, Norén JG, Lundgren T. Altered inorganic composition of dental enamel and dentin in primary teeth from girls with Turner syndrome. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118:183-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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150
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