101
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Ryan KM, Allers KA, Harkin A, McLoughlin DM. Blood plasma B vitamins in depression and the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 4:100063. [PMID: 34589848 PMCID: PMC8474603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has indicated a role for B vitamins in depression, with some previous studies suggesting that B vitamin status in patients with depression can impact on antidepressant response. Here we aimed to investigate B vitamin plasma concentrations in medicated patients with depression (n = 94) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 57), and in patients with depression after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a real-world clinical setting. Our results show that nicotinamide (vitamin B3), N1-methylnicotinamide (vitamin B3 metabolite), and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP; vitamin B6) concentrations were significantly reduced in patients with depression compared to controls. The Cohen's d effect sizes for nicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinamide, and PLP were moderate-large (-0.47, -0.51, and -0.59, respectively), and likely to be of clinical relevance. Functional biomarkers of vitamin B6 status (PAr index, 3-hydroxykynurenine: hydroxyanthranilic acid ratio, 3-hydroxykynurenine: xanthurenic acid ratio, and HKr) were elevated in depressed patients compared to controls, suggestive of reduced vitamin B6 function. Over 30% of the patient cohort were found to have low to deficient PLP concentrations, and exploratory analyses revealed that these patients had higher IL-6 and CRP concentrations compared to patients with PLP levels within the normal range. Treatment with ECT did not alter B vitamin concentrations, and B vitamin concentrations were not associated with depression severity or the therapeutic response to ECT. Overall, reduced plasma PLP, nicotinamide, and N1-methylnicotinamide concentrations could have wide ranging effects on pathways and systems implicated in depression. Further studies are required to understand the reasons why patients with depression present with low plasma B vitamin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Kelly A Allers
- Central Nervous System Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH + Co. KG, Birkendorferstrabe 65, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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102
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The Role of Nicotinamide in Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030477. [PMID: 32245130 PMCID: PMC7175378 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM) is a water-soluble form of Vitamin B3 (niacin) and a precursor of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) which regulates cellular energy metabolism. Except for its role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), NAD+ acts as a substrate for several enzymes including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Notably, NAM is an inhibitor of both SIRT1 and PARP1. Accumulating evidence suggests that NAM plays a role in cancer prevention and therapy. Phase III clinical trials have confirmed its clinical efficacy for non-melanoma skin cancer chemoprevention or as an adjunct to radiotherapy against head and neck, laryngeal, and urinary bladder cancers. Evidence for other cancers has mostly been collected through preclinical research and, in its majority, is not yet evidence-based. NAM has potential as a safe, well-tolerated, and cost-effective agent to be used in cancer chemoprevention and therapy. However, more preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed to fully unravel its value.
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103
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Berger MM. Do micronutrient deficiencies contribute to mitochondrial failure in critical illness? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:102-110. [PMID: 31972589 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be the common denominator of several critical care conditions and particularly of sepsis. Faced with relative failure, and limited progress of sepsis therapies aiming at blocking some oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways, the question of antioxidants micronutrient therapy, particularly of selenium, ascorbic acid and thiamine remains open. RECENT FINDINGS The rationale for the essentiality of numerous micronutrients within the mitochondria is well established. Many studies have tested single micronutrients in animal and in-vitro models and provide positive evidences in favor of reduction of organ failure (cardiac and renal mainly). In clinical settings, high-dose selenium administration in sepsis has been disappointing. The most recent high dose, short-term ascorbic acid trial in sepsis is promising though, with an associated reduction of mortality, but analysis of the impact of this intervention on the various organs remains to be conducted. SUMMARY Results from animal and human studies indicate that there are indeed intervention options at the level of the mitochondria, but neither the optimal dose nor the optimal combination of micronutrients is yet identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Berger
- Service of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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104
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Hassan RN, Luo H, Jiang W. Effects of Nicotinamide on Cervical Cancer-Derived Fibroblasts: Evidence for Therapeutic Potential. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1089-1100. [PMID: 32104089 PMCID: PMC7024887 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s229395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to examine the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on cervical cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) for its in vitro efficacy, gross inhibition, and mechanism of inhibition. Methods The fibroblasts were treated with pre-specified concentrations of NAM followed by measurement of the cell proliferation using CCK-8 assay. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by 2ʹ,7ʹ-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate. We further investigated the apoptosis by flow cytometry using Annexin-V. We employed JC-1 assay to detect changes in the potential of the mitochondrial membrane. We further determined the expression of apoptotic genes was measured using qRT-PCR. And lastly, cell cycle experiments were conducted to determine the influence of NAM on arresting the growth of CAF in a cell cycle. Results Our study showed that NAM was able to reduce fibroblasts viability. We specifically observed a significantly increased intracellular ROS with resultant exhaustion of cellular antioxidant defense machinery, including reduced glutathione (GSH). We further observed the involvement of mitochondrial pathway in the NAM induced apoptosis of fibroblasts. Conclusion Our study supports the therapeutic potential of NAM for the treatment of cervical cancer and necessitates a further investigation of the reported findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem N Hassan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
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105
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Hsieh CL, Hsieh SY, Huang HM, Lu SL, Omori H, Zheng PX, Ho YN, Cheng YL, Lin YS, Chiang-Ni C, Tsai PJ, Wang SY, Liu CC, Noda T, Wu JJ. Nicotinamide Increases Intracellular NAD + Content to Enhance Autophagy-Mediated Group A Streptococcal Clearance in Endothelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:117. [PMID: 32117141 PMCID: PMC7026195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a versatile pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of diseases in humans. Invading host cells is a known strategy for GAS to avoid antibiotic killing and immune recognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of GAS resistance to intracellular killing need to be explored. Endothelial HMEC-1 cells were infected with GAS, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Salmonella Typhimurium under nicotinamide (NAM)-supplemented conditions. The intracellular NAD+ level and cell viability were respectively measured by NAD+ quantification kit and protease-based cytotoxicity assay. Moreover, the intracellular bacteria were analyzed by colony-forming assay, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy. We found that supplementation with exogenous nicotinamide during infection significantly inhibited the growth of intracellular GAS in endothelial cells. Moreover, the NAD+ content and NAD+/NADH ratio of GAS-infected endothelial cells were dramatically increased, whereas the cell cytotoxicity was decreased by exogenous nicotinamide treatment. After knockdown of the autophagy-related ATG9A, the intracellular bacterial load was increased in nicotinamide-treated endothelial cells. The results of Western blot and transmission electron microscopy also revealed that cells treated with nicotinamide can increase autophagy-associated LC3 conversion and double-membrane formation during GAS infection. Confocal microscopy images further showed that more GAS-containing vacuoles were colocalized with lysosome under nicotinamide-supplemented conditions than without nicotinamide treatment. In contrast to GAS, supplementation with exogenous nicotinamide did not effectively inhibit the growth of MRSA or S. Typhimurium in endothelial cells. These results indicate that intracellular NAD+ homeostasis is crucial for controlling intracellular GAS infection in endothelial cells. In addition, nicotinamide may be a potential new therapeutic agent to overcome persistent infections of GAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lu Hsieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Min Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Ling Lu
- Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Omori
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Po-Xing Zheng
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ning Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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106
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Uspenskaya E, Pleteneva T, Syroeshkin A, Kasymova I, Zakharova N. Development of an effective way to increase the biological activity of nicotinamide – a new strategy to protect against photoageing and skin neoplasia. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202201005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to demonstrate changes in properties and increase of biological activity of nicotinamide (NAM) substance for skin protectants activated by mechanical activation (MA). To assess the physical, chemical and biological properties of NAM were used biotesting by the Spirotox-method, direct and indirect optical methods (microscopy, laser diffraction), infrared spectroscopy, pH-metry. The results of the study showed an increase in biological activity, expressed in changes in the energy of activation of cell transition to the “dead cell” state on the example of biosensor Spirostomum ambiguum. Also we indicated an increase in the rate of the chemical process of dissolution of mechanoactivated molecular crystals of nicotinamide (NAM) expressed in the values of the first order rate constant. Mechanical activation at a high rate of NAM substance powder deformation has led to changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of the drug, which can be used in medicine to increase efficiency and reduce doses of pharmacotherapy.
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107
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Stamate D, Kim M, Proitsi P, Westwood S, Baird A, Nevado-Holgado A, Hye A, Bos I, Vos SJB, Vandenberghe R, Teunissen CE, Kate MT, Scheltens P, Gabel S, Meersmans K, Blin O, Richardson J, De Roeck E, Engelborghs S, Sleegers K, Bordet R, Ramit L, Kettunen P, Tsolaki M, Verhey F, Alcolea D, Lléo A, Peyratout G, Tainta M, Johannsen P, Freund-Levi Y, Frölich L, Dobricic V, Frisoni GB, Molinuevo JL, Wallin A, Popp J, Martinez-Lage P, Bertram L, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Streffer J, Visser PJ, Lovestone S, Legido-Quigley C. A metabolite-based machine learning approach to diagnose Alzheimer-type dementia in blood: Results from the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer disease biomarker discovery cohort. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:933-938. [PMID: 31890857 PMCID: PMC6928349 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Machine learning (ML) may harbor the potential to capture the metabolic complexity in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Here we set out to test the performance of metabolites in blood to categorize AD when compared to CSF biomarkers. Methods This study analyzed samples from 242 cognitively normal (CN) people and 115 with AD-type dementia utilizing plasma metabolites (n = 883). Deep Learning (DL), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF) were used to differentiate AD from CN. These models were internally validated using Nested Cross Validation (NCV). Results On the test data, DL produced the AUC of 0.85 (0.80–0.89), XGBoost produced 0.88 (0.86–0.89) and RF produced 0.85 (0.83–0.87). By comparison, CSF measures of amyloid, p-tau and t-tau (together with age and gender) produced with XGBoost the AUC values of 0.78, 0.83 and 0.87, respectively. Discussion This study showed that plasma metabolites have the potential to match the AUC of well-established AD CSF biomarkers in a relatively small cohort. Further studies in independent cohorts are needed to validate whether this specific panel of blood metabolites can separate AD from controls, and how specific it is for AD as compared with other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stamate
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Data Science & Soft Computing Lab, London, UK.,Computing Department, Goldsmiths College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Westwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Baird
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Abdul Hye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J B Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands.,University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Blin
- AIX Marseille University, INS, Ap-hm, Marseille, France
| | - Jill Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ellen De Roeck
- Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel and Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Belgium
| | - Régis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lorena Ramit
- Alzheimer's Disease & Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Makedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Lléo
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mikel Tainta
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, Fundacion CITA-alzheimer Fundazioa, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - José L Molinuevo
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julius Popp
- University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, Fundacion CITA-alzheimer Fundazioa, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter J Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Janssen-Cilag UK Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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108
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Moretti R, Peinkhofer C. B Vitamins and Fatty Acids: What Do They Share with Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5797. [PMID: 31752183 PMCID: PMC6888477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been written on vitamin supplementation, fatty acid, and dementia, but results are still under debate, and no definite conclusion has yet been drawn. Nevertheless, a significant amount of lab evidence confirms that vitamins of the B group are tightly related to gene control for endothelium protection, act as antioxidants, play a co-enzymatic role in the most critical biochemical reactions inside the brain, and cooperate with many other elements, such as choline, for the synthesis of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine, through S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) methyl donation. B-vitamins have anti-inflammatory properties and act in protective roles against neurodegenerative mechanisms, for example, through modulation of the glutamate currents and a reduction of the calcium currents. In addition, they also have extraordinary antioxidant properties. However, laboratory data are far from clinical practice. Many studies have tried to apply these results in everyday clinical activity, but results have been discouraging and far from a possible resolution of the associated mysteries, like those represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD) or small vessel disease dementia. Above all, two significant problems emerge from the research: No consensus exists on general diagnostic criteria-MCI or AD? Which diagnostic criteria should be applied for small vessel disease-related dementia? In addition, no general schema exists for determining a possible correct time of implementation to have effective results. Here we present an up-to-date review of the literature on such topics, shedding some light on the possible interaction of vitamins and phosphatidylcholine, and their role in brain metabolism and catabolism. Further studies should take into account all of these questions, with well-designed and world-homogeneous trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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109
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The Novel Perspectives of Adipokines on Brain Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225638. [PMID: 31718027 PMCID: PMC6887733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First seen as a fat-storage tissue, the adipose tissue is considered as a critical player in the endocrine system. Precisely, adipose tissue can produce an array of bioactive factors, including cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, which target various systemic organ systems to regulate metabolism, homeostasis, and immune response. The global effects of adipokines on metabolic events are well defined, but their impacts on brain function and pathology remain poorly defined. Receptors of adipokines are widely expressed in the brain. Mounting evidence has shown that leptin and adiponectin can cross the blood–brain barrier, while evidence for newly identified adipokines is limited. Significantly, adipocyte secretion is liable to nutritional and metabolic states, where defective circuitry, impaired neuroplasticity, and elevated neuroinflammation are symptomatic. Essentially, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties of adipokines underlie their neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, adipocyte-secreted lipids in the bloodstream can act endocrine on the distant organs. In this article, we have reviewed five adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, apelin, visfatin) and two lipokines (palmitoleic acid and lysophosphatidic acid) on their roles involving in eating behavior, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors in the brain. Understanding and regulating these adipokines can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic associated eating disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, thus promote brain health.
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110
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Adu-Gyamfi CG, Savulescu D, George JA, Suchard MS. Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase-Mediated Tryptophan Catabolism: A Leading Star or Supporting Act in the Tuberculosis and HIV Pas-de-Deux? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:372. [PMID: 31737575 PMCID: PMC6828849 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression from latency to active Tuberculosis (TB) disease is mediated by incompletely understood host immune factors. The definitive characteristic of progressive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a severe loss in number and function of T lymphocytes. Among the many possible mediators of T lymphocyte loss and ineffective function is the activity of the immune-modulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO is the rate-limiting enzyme converting tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO activity was initially recognized to mediate tolerance at the foeto-maternal interface. Recently, IDO activity has also been noted to play a critical role in immune tolerance to pathogens. Studies of host immune and metabolic mediators have found IDO activity significantly elevated in HIV and TB disease. In this review, we explore the link between IDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism and the presence of active TB disease in HIV-infected patients. We draw attention to increased IDO activity as a key factor marking the progression from latent to active TB disease in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gascua Adu-Gyamfi
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dana Savulescu
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaya Anna George
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melinda Shelley Suchard
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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111
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Pumpkin Waste as Livestock Feed: Impact on Nutrition and Animal Health and on Quality of Meat, Milk, and Egg. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100769. [PMID: 31597395 PMCID: PMC6826842 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pumpkin waste are part of the millions of tons of vegetable residues produced yearly that could be used in livestock feeding. Their value not only relies in its nutritional content as its bioactive compounds could modify meat, milk, and egg composition which are of uttermost value for human nutrition. Furthermore, pumpkin waste, which cannot be used in human consumption, may contribute to diminish human-livestock competition for cropland. In this review, we describe the potential of pumpkin waste as animal feedstock as a strategy for more sustainable livestock production while making emphasis on the importance of food from animal origin in human health. Abstract Meat, milk, and egg contribute positively to the nutrition and health of humans; however, livestock requires a large number of resources, including land for fodder and grains. Worldwide millions of tons of vegetable waste are produced without any further processing, causing pollution and health risks. Properly managed vegetable waste could provide a source of feed for livestock, thus reducing feeding costs. In this regard, pumpkin waste (Cucurbita sp.) is an alternative. Research on pumpkin waste on animal nutrition is scarce, however, it has potential as animal feed not only for its nutritional value but also for its antioxidants, pigments, and polysaccharides content that could enhance quality of meat, milk, and egg, as well animal health. In this review, we describe the environmental impact of livestock as a result of greater demand for food of animal origin, including the importance of the consumption of animal foods in human nutrition and health. Moreover, we emphasize the potential of plant residues and, particularly, on the characteristics of pumpkins and how their use as feedstuff for livestock could improve productivity and modify the composition of meat, milk, and egg.
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112
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Song SB, Park JS, Chung GJ, Lee IH, Hwang ES. Diverse therapeutic efficacies and more diverse mechanisms of nicotinamide. Metabolomics 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31587111 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many diseases and conditions. The target conditions are incredibly diverse ranging from skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid to schizophrenia and depression and even AIDS. Similar diversity is expected for the underlying mechanisms. In a large portion of the conditions, NAM conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be a major factor in its efficacy. The augmentation of cellular NAD+ level not only modulates mitochondrial production of ATP and superoxide, but also activates many enzymes. Activated sirtuin proteins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, play important roles in many of NAM's effects such as an increase in mitochondrial quality and cell viability countering neuronal damages and metabolic diseases. Meanwhile, certain observed effects are mediated by NAM itself. However, our understanding on the mechanisms of NAM's effects is limited to those involving certain key proteins and may even be inaccurate in some proposed cases. AIM OF REVIEW This review details the conditions that NAM has been shown to or is expected to effectively treat in humans and animals and evaluates the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms, with the intention of promoting wider, safe therapeutic application of NAM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NAM, by itself or through altering metabolic balance of NAD+ and tryptophan, modulates mitochondrial function and activities of many molecules and thereby positively affects cell viability and metabolic functions. And, NAM administration appears to be quite safe with limited possibility of side effects which are related to NAM's metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu June Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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113
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Lloret A, Beal MF. PGC-1α, Sirtuins and PARPs in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions: NAD+ to Rule Them All. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2423-2434. [PMID: 31065944 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the available published information on the neuroprotective effects of increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in Huntington's disease models. We discuss the rationale of potential therapeutic benefit of administering nicotinamide riboside (NR), a safe and effective NAD+ precursor. We discuss the agonistic effect on the Sirtuin1-PGC-1α-PPAR pathway as well as Sirtuin 3, which converge in improving mitochondrial function, decreasing ROS production and ameliorating bioenergetics deficits. Also, we discuss the potential synergistic effect of increasing NAD+ combined with PARPs inhibitors, as a clinical therapeutic option not only in HD, but other neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lloret
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1400 York Street, 5th Floor, Room A-501, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- NeuCyte Pharmaceuticals, 1561 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA.
| | - M Flint Beal
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1400 York Street, 5th Floor, Room A-501, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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114
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Giri B, Belanger K, Seamon M, Bradley E, Purohit S, Chong R, Morgan JC, Baban B, Wakade C. Niacin Ameliorates Neuro-Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease via GPR109A. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184559. [PMID: 31540057 PMCID: PMC6770365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used macrophage RAW264.7 cells to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of niacin. Anti-inflammatory actions of niacin and a possible role of its receptor GPR109A have been studied previously. However, the precise molecular mechanism of niacin’s action in reducing inflammation through GPR109A is unknown. Here we observed that niacin reduced the translocation of phosphorylated nuclear kappa B (p-NF-κB) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the nucleus of RAW264.7 cells. The reduction in the nuclear translocation in turn decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. We observed a decrease in the nuclear translocation of p-NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory cytokines after knockdown of GPR109A in RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest that these molecular actions of niacin are mediated via its receptor GPR109A (also known as HCAR2) by controlling the translocation of p-NF-κB to the nucleus. Overall, our findings suggest that niacin treatment may have potential in reducing inflammation by targeting GPR109A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banabihari Giri
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Kasey Belanger
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Marissa Seamon
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Eric Bradley
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greenville, SC 29303, USA.
| | - Sharad Purohit
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
- Department of Undergraduate Health Professionals, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Raymond Chong
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - John C Morgan
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Chandramohan Wakade
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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115
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Pan S, Leng J, Deng X, Ruan H, Zhou L, Jamal M, Xiao R, Xiong J, Yin Q, Wu Y, Wang M, Yuan W, Shao L, Zhang Q. Nicotinamide increases the sensitivity of chronic myeloid leukemia cells to doxorubicin via the inhibition of SIRT1. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:574-586. [PMID: 31407410 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a vital role in leukemogenesis. Nicotinamide (NAM) is the principal NAD+ precursor and a noncompetitive inhibitor of SIRT1. In our study, we showed that NAM enhanced the sensitivity of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to doxorubicin (DOX) via SIRT1. We found that SIRT1 high expression in CML patients was associated with disease progression and drug resistance. Exogenous NAM efficiently repressed the deacetylation activity of SIRT1 and induced the apoptosis of DOX-resistant K562 cells (K562R) in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the combination of NAM and DOX significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. The knockdown of SIRT1 in K562R cells enhanced NAM+DOX-induced apoptosis. SIRT1 rescue in K562R reduced the NAM+DOX-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, the combinatory treatment significantly increased the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP in K562R in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest the potential role of NAM in increasing the sensitivity of CML to DOX via the inhibition of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Pan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Leng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinzhou Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Honggang Ruan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruijing Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Malek Rivan NF, Shahar S, Rajab NF, Singh DKA, Din NC, Hazlina M, Hamid TATA. Cognitive frailty among Malaysian older adults: baseline findings from the LRGS TUA cohort study. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1343-1352. [PMID: 31413555 PMCID: PMC6663036 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s211027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at determining the presence of cognitive frailty and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults from the "LRGS-Towards Useful Aging (TUA)" longitudinal study. PATIENTS AND METHODS The available data related to cognitive frailty among a sub-sample of older adults aged 60 years and above (n=815) from two states in Malaysia were analysed. In the LRGS-TUA study, a comprehensive interview-based questionnaire was administered to obtain the socio-demographic information of the participants, followed by assessments to examine the cognitive function, functional status, dietary intake, lifestyle, psychosocial status and biomarkers associated with cognitive frailty. The factors associated with cognitive frailty were assessed using a bivariate logistic regression (BLR). RESULTS The majority of the older adults were categorized as robust (68.4%), followed by cognitively pre-frail (37.4%) and cognitively frail (2.2%). The data on the cognitively frail and pre-frail groups were combined for comparison with the robust group. A hierarchical BLR indicated that advancing age (OR=1.04, 95% CI:1.01-1.08, p<0.05) and depression (OR=1.49, 95% CI:1.34-1.65, p<0.001) scored lower on the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scale (OR=0.98, 95% CI:0.96-0.99, p<0.05), while low social support (OR=0.98, 95% CI:0.97-0.99, p<0.05) and low niacin intake (OR=0.94, 95% CI:0.89-0.99, p<0.05) were found to be significant factors for cognitive frailty. Higher oxidative stress (MDA) and lower telomerase activity were also associated with cognitive frailty (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Older age, a lower niacin intake, lack of social support, depression and lower functional status were identified as significant factors associated with cognitive frailty among older Malaysian adults. MDA and telomerase activity can be used as potential biomarkers for the identification of cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Fatin Malek Rivan
- Nutritional Sciences Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetics Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Physiotherapy Programme, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahadzir Hazlina
- Internal Medicine & Geriatric Department, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li Z, Duan H, Li W, Jia Y, Zhang S, Zhao C, Zhou Q, Shi W. Nicotinamide inhibits corneal endothelial mesenchymal transition and accelerates wound healing. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:227-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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118
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Subaraja M, Vanisree AJ. Counter effects of Asiaticosids-D through putative neurotransmission on rotenone induced cerebral ganglionic injury in Lumbricus terrestris. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:160-175. [PMID: 31193360 PMCID: PMC6526298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiaticoside-D (AD) was shown to efficacy of ganglionic degenerated Lumbricus terrestris as a pioneering observation in our earlier research. Though, extract molecular mechanisms of AD for degenerative diseases (DDs) remains largely unknown. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of AD against ROT in cerebral ganglions (CGs) of degenerative L. terrestris. Worms were exposed to 0.4 ppm ROT for 7 days were subjected to co- treatment with 15 ppm of AD. After, CGs was removed. The levels oxidant, non-antioxidant, antioxidant status, ganglioside, ceramide and ceramide glycanase (CGase) were estimated. The m-RNA levels of dopamine transporter (DAT), octopamine transporter (OAT), innexins-9 (inx-9), ionotropic glutamate receptor 3 (iGlu3), heat shock proteins (hsp70), XPRLamide neuropeptide precursor, tyramine beta-hydroxylase (tbh-1) and β- adrenergic receptor kinase-2 (β-ARK2-3) by semi-qRT- PCR. The expression pattern of tyramine beta hydroxylase (TBH), glutamate receptor (iGluR), serotonin transporter (SERT), dopamine transporters (DAT), nerve growth factors (NGF), cytochrome C oxidase (COC), NADH dehydogenase subunit-1 (ND-1), neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR), neuronal nitric oxiside synthase (nNOs) interleukin 1- beta (IL1-β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by western blotting. Glutaminergic, serotogenic and dopaminergic toxicity variations were also performed. The levels of oxidant, non-antioxidant, antioxidant status, lipids, proteins and m-RNAs were significantly altered (p < 0.001) on ROT-induced (group II) and their levels were significantly changes (p < 0.05) by ROT+AD in CGs. The sensitive study plan concluded the neuroprotective effects of AD against ROT induced degeneration in worms and suggest that the AD deserves future studies for its use as an effective alternative medicine that could minimize the morbidity of ganglionic degenerative diseases patients.
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Key Words
- 5HT, serotonin
- AD, Asitiacoside-D
- AD’, Alzheimer disease
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Asitiacoside-D
- CGase, ceramide glycanase
- CGs, cerebral ganglions
- CNS, central nervous system
- COC, cytochrome C oxidase
- Cerebral ganglions
- DA, dopamine
- DAT, dopamine transporter
- DDs, degenerative diseases
- GABARB, gama amninobutric acids -B receptor
- GDD, ganglionic degenerative disease
- HD, Huntington disease
- IL1β, interleukin-1beta
- Inx-9, innexins-9
- Lumbricus terrestris
- ND, neurodegeneration
- ND-1, NADH dehydogenase subunite-1
- NGF, nerve growth factors
- NS, nervous system
- NT, neurotransmission
- NTs, neurotransmitters
- Neurotransmission pathway
- OAT, octopamine transporter
- P75NTR, P75 neurotrophin receptor
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- ROT, rotenone
- Rotenone
- SERT, serotonin transporter
- TBH, tyramine beta-hydroxylase
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α
- XPRL amide NP, XPR Lamide neuropeptide precursor
- iGlu3, ionotropic glutamate receptor 3
- nNOS, neuronal niticoxide synthase
- Βeta-ARK2–3, β- adrenergic receptor kinase-2
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamangam Subaraja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600 025, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giagkou
- Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Neurology Clinic, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Gasperi V, Sibilano M, Savini I, Catani MV. Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040974. [PMID: 30813414 PMCID: PMC6412771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin (also known as "vitamin B₃" or "vitamin PP") includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The two coenzymes are required for oxidative reactions crucial for energy production, but they are also substrates for enzymes involved in non-redox signaling pathways, thus regulating biological functions, including gene expression, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell death. In the central nervous system, vitamin B₃ has long been recognized as a key mediator of neuronal development and survival. Here, we will overview available literature data on the neuroprotective role of niacin and its derivatives, especially focusing especially on its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases), as well as in other neuropathological conditions (ischemic and traumatic injuries, headache and psychiatric disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Sibilano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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121
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The chemistry of the vitamin B3 metabolome. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 47:131-147. [PMID: 30559273 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The functional cofactors derived from vitamin B3 are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), its phosphorylated form, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and their reduced forms (NAD(P)H). These cofactors, together referred as the NAD(P)(H) pool, are intimately implicated in all essential bioenergetics, anabolic and catabolic pathways in all forms of life. This pool also contributes to post-translational protein modifications and second messenger generation. Since NAD+ seats at the cross-road between cell metabolism and cell signaling, manipulation of NAD+ bioavailability through vitamin B3 supplementation has become a valuable nutritional and therapeutic avenue. Yet, much remains unexplored regarding vitamin B3 metabolism. The present review highlights the chemical diversity of the vitamin B3-derived anabolites and catabolites of NAD+ and offers a chemical perspective on the approaches adopted to identify, modulate and measure the contribution of various precursors to the NAD(P)(H) pool.
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122
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Sidhu A, Diwan V, Kaur H, Bhateja D, Singh CK, Sharma S, Padi SSV. Nicotinamide reverses behavioral impairments and provides neuroprotection in 3-nitropropionic acid induced animal model ofHuntington's disease: implication of oxidative stress- poly(ADP- ribose) polymerase pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1911-1921. [PMID: 30054774 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by cognitive and psychiatric impairment caused by neuronal degeneration in the brain. Several studies have supported the hypothesis that oxidative stress is the main pathogenic factor in HD. The current study aims to determine the possible neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide on 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I was the vehicle-treated control, group II received 3-NP (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 4 days, group III received nicotinamide (500 mg/kg, i.p.). The remaining groups received a combination of 3-NP plus nicotinamide 100, 300 or 500 mg/kg, i.p. respectively for 8 days. Afterward, the motor function and hind paw activity in the limb withdrawal were tested; rats were then euthanized for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Treatment of rats with 3-NP altered the motor function, elevated oxidative stress and caused significant histopathological changes in the brain. The treatment of rats with nicotinamide (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) improved the motor function tested by locomotor activity test, movement analysis, and limb withdrawal test, which was associated with decreased oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, nitrites) and increased antioxidant enzyme (glutathione) levels. In addition, nicotinamide treatment decreased lactate dehydrogenase and prevented neuronal death in the striatal region. Our study, therefore, concludes that antioxidant drugs like nicotinamide might slow progression of clinical HD and may improve the motor functions in HD patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide on 3-NP-induced HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Sidhu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Vishal Diwan
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Deepak Bhateja
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Charan K Singh
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141012, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Satyanarayana S V Padi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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