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PD-L1 is a critical mediator of regulatory B cells and T cells in invasive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35651. [PMID: 27762298 PMCID: PMC5071845 DOI: 10.1038/srep35651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a key mediator in regulating anti-tumor immune suppression, tumor immune escape, metastasis and relapse, are considered an important therapeutic target in immunotherapy of human cancers. In the present investigation, elevated CD19+ CD24+ CD38+ regulatory B cells (Bregs) were observed in PBMCs of invasive carcinoma of breast (IBCa) patients compared with that in patients with fibroadenoma (FIBma) or healthy individuals, and the positive correlation existed between Bregs and CD4+ CD25+ CD127− Tregs (r = 0.316, P = 0.001). We found that PD-L1 expression was higher on Bregs in IBCa patients compared with patients with FIBma or healthy individuals (P < 0.05, respectively), and that a tight correlation exists between CD19+ CD24+ CD38+ PD-L1+ Bregs and CD19+ CD24+ CD38+ Bregs (r = 0.267, P = 0.007), poor TNM phases and up-regulated expression of PD-L1 on Bregs. The pattern of PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells indicated that high level of PD-1hi expressed on CD4+ CD25+ CD127+ effector T cells (P < 0.001). More importantly, the presence of PD-L1 on Bregs was positively correlated with Tregs (r = 0.299, P = 0.003), but negatively correlated with PD-1hi effector T cells (r = −0.22, P = 0.031). Together, results of the present study indicated that PD-L1 is an important molecule on Bregs, mediated the generation of Tregs in IBCa.
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Abstract
B cells have been generally considered to be positive regulators of immune responses because of their ability to produce antigen-specific antibodies and to activate T cells through antigen presentation. Impairment of B cell development and function may cause autoimmune diseases. Recently, specific B cell subsets that can negatively regulate immune responses have been described in mouse models of a wide variety of autoimmune diseases. The concept of those B cells, termed regulatory B cells, is now recognized as important in the murine immune system. Among several regulatory B cell subsets, IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are the most widely investigated. On the basis of discoveries from studies of such mice, human regulatory B cells that produce IL-10 in most cases are becoming an active area of research. There have been emerging data suggesting the importance of human regulatory B cells in various diseases. Revealing the immune regulation mechanisms of human regulatory B cells in human autoimmune diseases could lead to the development of novel B cell targeted therapies. This review highlights the current knowledge on regulatory B cells, mainly IL-10-producing regulatory B cells, in clinical research using human samples.
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Mehdipour F, Razmkhah M, Hosseini A, Bagheri M, Safaei A, Talei AR, Ghaderi A. Increased B Regulatory Phenotype in Non-Metastatic Lymph Nodes of Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients. Scand J Immunol 2016; 83:195-202. [PMID: 26708831 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are centre in orchestrating the immune responses against cancer. The cellularity and lymphocyte subpopulations change in the process of cancer progression and lymph node involvement. B lymphocyte subsets and their function in breast cancer-draining lymph nodes have not been well elucidated. Here, we studied the influence of tumour metastasis on the frequencies of different B cell subsets including naïve and memory B cells as well as those which are known to be enriched in the regulatory pool in TDLNs of 30 patients with breast cancer. Lymphocytes were obtained from a fresh piece of each lymph node and stained for CD19 and other B cell-associated markers and subjected to flow cytometry. Our investigation revealed that metastatic TDLN showed a significant decrease in active, memory and class-switched B cells while the frequencies of B cells with regulatory phenotypes were not changed. However, CD27(hi) CD25(+) and CD1d(hi) CD5(+) B regulatory subsets significantly increased in non-metastatic lymph nodes (nMLNs) of node-positive patients compared with node-negative patients. Our data provided evidence that in breast cancer, metastasis of tumour to axillary lymph nodes altered B cell populations in favour of resting, inactive and unswitched phenotypes. We assume that the lymphatic involvement may cause an increase in a subset of regulatory B cells in non-metastatic lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mehdipour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Bagheri
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Central Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Safaei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A-R Talei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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104
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IL-10+ regulatory B cells are enriched in cord blood and may protect against cGVHD after cord blood transplantation. Blood 2016; 128:1346-61. [PMID: 27439912 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-695122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) offers a number of advantages over other sources of hematopoietic stem cells, including a lower rate of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in the presence of increased HLA disparity. Recent research in experimental models of autoimmunity and in patients with autoimmune or alloimmune disorders has identified a functional group of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) that negatively regulate T-cell immune responses. At present, however, there is no consensus on the phenotypic signature of Bregs, and their prevalence and functional characteristics in CB remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that CB contains an abundance of B cells with immunoregulatory function. Bregs were identified in both the naive and transitional B-cell compartments and suppressed T-cell proliferation and effector function through IL-10 production as well as cell-to-cell contact involving CTLA-4. We further show that the suppressive capacity of CB-derived Bregs can be potentiated through CD40L signaling, suggesting that inflammatory environments may induce their function. Finally, there was robust recovery of IL-10-producing Bregs in patients after CB transplantation, to higher frequencies and absolute numbers than seen in the peripheral blood of healthy donors or in patients before transplant. The reconstituting Bregs showed strong in vitro suppressive activity against allogeneic CD4(+) T cells, but were deficient in patients with cGVHD. Together, these findings identify a rich source of Bregs and suggest a protective role for CB-derived Bregs against cGVHD development in CB recipients. This advance could propel the development of Breg-based strategies to prevent or ameliorate this posttransplant complication.
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105
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MESH Headings
- Antigen Presentation
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Colitis/genetics
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/pathology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/pathology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Humoral
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Signal Transduction
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106
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Fransolet G, Ehx G, Somja J, Delens L, Hannon M, Muller J, Dubois S, Drion P, Caers J, Humblet-Baron S, Delvenne P, Beguin Y, Conteduca G, Baron F. Azacytidine mitigates experimental sclerodermic chronic graft-versus-host disease. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:53. [PMID: 27377819 PMCID: PMC4932697 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a protective role in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Tregs constitutively express the gene of the transcription factor Foxp3 whose CNS2 region is heavily methylated in conventional CD4(+) T cells (CD4(+)Tconvs) but demethylated in Tregs. METHODS Here, we assessed the impact of azacytidine (AZA) on cGVHD in a well-established murine model of sclerodermic cGVHD (B10.D2 (H-2d) → BALB/cJ (H-2d)). RESULTS The administration of AZA every 48 h from day +10 to day +30 at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg mitigated chronic GVHD. Further, AZA-treated mice exhibited higher blood and thymic Treg frequencies on day +35, as well as higher demethylation levels of the Foxp3 enhancer and the IL-2 promoter in splenocytes at day +52. Interestingly, Tregs from AZA-treated mice expressed more frequently the activation marker CD103 on day +52. AZA-treated mice had also lower counts of CD4(+)Tconvs and CD8(+) T cells from day +21 to day +35 after transplantation, as well as a lower proportion of CD4(+)Tconvs expressing the Ki67 antigen on day +21 demonstrating an anti-proliferating effect of the drug on T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AZA prevented sclerodermic cGVHD in a well-established murine model of cGVHD. These data might serve as the basis for a pilot study of AZA administration for cGVHD prevention in patients at high risk for cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Fransolet
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Grégory Ehx
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joan Somja
- GIGA-R, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Delens
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Muriel Hannon
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joséphine Muller
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Dubois
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Drion
- GIGA-R, Animal care unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- GIGA-R, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Giuseppina Conteduca
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Department of Hematology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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107
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Servais S, Beguin Y, Delens L, Ehx G, Fransolet G, Hannon M, Willems E, Humblet-Baron S, Belle L, Baron F. Novel approaches for preventing acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:957-72. [PMID: 27110922 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1182498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) offers potential curative treatment for a wide range of malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. However, its success may be limited by post-transplant acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a systemic syndrome in which donor's immune cells attack healthy tissues in the immunocompromised host. aGVHD is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality after alloHSCT. Despite standard GVHD prophylaxis regimens, aGVHD still develops in approximately 40-60% of alloHSCT recipients. AREAS COVERED In this review, after a brief summary of current knowledge on the pathogenesis of aGVHD, the authors review the current combination of a calcineurin inhibitor with an antimetabolite with or without added anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and emerging strategies for GVHD prevention. EXPERT OPINION A new understanding of the involvement of cytokines, intracellular signaling pathways, epigenetics and immunoregulatory cells in GVHD pathogenesis will lead to new standards for aGVHD prophylaxis allowing better prevention of severe aGVHD without affecting graft-versus-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Servais
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Loic Delens
- b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Grégory Ehx
- b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | | | | | - Evelyne Willems
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- c Translational Immunology Laboratory , VIB , Leuven , Belgium.,d Department of Microbiology and Immunology , KUL-University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Frédéric Baron
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b GIGA I3 , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
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108
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Han J, Sun L, Fan X, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Jin T. Role of regulatory b cells in neuroimmunologic disorders. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:693-701. [PMID: 27112131 PMCID: PMC5074285 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes augment the immune response by producing antibodies and activating T cells by antigen presentation. Recent studies have highlighted a specific and functionally significant B‐cell subset that could downregulate excessive immune and inflammatory responses through a vast array of inhibitory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). This subset of B cells is generally referred to as regulatory B cells (Bregs). In addition, recent studies have shown that IL‐35‐producing Bregs also play a role in downregulation of immunity. Diverse phenotypes of Bregs have been proposed to underlie human disorders and their animal models. Most studies have focused on the role of different subsets of Bregs and Bregs‐associated molecules such as IL‐10, TGF‐β, and IL‐35 in the pathogenesis of neuroimmunologic disorders. Furthermore, Bregs exert regulatory function mainly through suppressing the differentiation of Th1/Th17 cells and promoting regulatory T‐cell expansion. Reduced presence of Bregs is reportedly associated with progression of several neuroimmunologic disorders. This Review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of Bregs in neuroimmunologic disorders, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and myasthenia gravis. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueli Fan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongkun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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109
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Land J, Abdulahad WH, Sanders JSF, Stegeman CA, Heeringa P, Rutgers A. Regulatory and effector B cell cytokine production in patients with relapsing granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:84. [PMID: 27044386 PMCID: PMC4820899 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cells are capable of producing regulatory and effector cytokines. In patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), skewing of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance may affect the risk of relapse. This study aimed to investigate differences in B cell cytokine production in patients with relapsing GPA and in controls, and determine whether this can aid in relapse prediction. Methods Thirteen GPA patients with an upcoming relapse were matched with non-relapsing patients and healthy controls in a retrospective design. The B cell subset distribution was determined from peripheral blood. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured and intracellular B cell production of regulatory (IL10) and effector (TNFα, IFNγ, IL2, IL6) cytokines was assessed. Finally, serum markers associated with B cell activation (sCD27) and migration (CCL19) were determined. Results GPA patient samples exhibited significantly lower percentages of TNFα+ B cells than controls, an effect that was most pronounced in patients about to relapse. B cell capacity for IL10 production was similar in patients and controls. No significant differences were observed for cytokine production in relapsing and non-relapsing GPA patients. TNFα production correlated strongly with IL2, IFNγ and the percentage of memory B cells. No change in effector cytokines occurred before relapse, while the percentage of IL10+ B cells significantly decreased. GPA patients in remission had increased serum levels of CCL19 and sCD27, and sCD27 levels increased upon active disease. Conclusions While differences in effector B cell cytokine production were observed between patients and controls, monitoring this in GPA did not clearly distinguish patients about to relapse. Prospective measurements of the regulatory cytokine IL10 may have potential for relapse prediction. Memory B cells appear mainly responsible for effector cytokine production. Increased migration of these cells could explain the decreased presence of TNFα+ B cells in the circulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0978-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Land
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, AA21, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, AA21, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen A Stegeman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, AA21, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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110
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Sanges S, Guerrier T, Launay D, Lefèvre G, Labalette M, Forestier A, Sobanski V, Corli J, Hauspie C, Jendoubi M, Yakoub-Agha I, Hatron PY, Hachulla E, Dubucquoi S. Role of B cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Rev Med Interne 2016; 38:113-124. [PMID: 27020403 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an orphan disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Aside from vasculopathy and fibrotic processes, its pathogenesis involves an aberrant activation of immune cells, among which B cells seem to play a significant role. Indeed, B cell homeostasis is disturbed during SSc: the memory subset is activated and displays an increased susceptibility to apoptosis, which is responsible for their decreased number. This chronic loss of B cells enhances bone marrow production of the naïve subset that accounts for their increased number in peripheral blood. This permanent activation state can be explained mainly by two mechanisms: a dysregulation of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, and an overproduction of B cell survival signals, B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). These disturbances of B cell homeostasis induce several functional anomalies that participate in the inflammatory and fibrotic events observed during SSc: autoantibody production (some being directly pathogenic); secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines (interleukin-6); direct cooperation with other SSc-involved cells [fibroblasts, through transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, and T cells]. These data justify the evaluation of anti-B cell strategies as therapeutic options for SSc, such as B cell depletion or blockage of B cell survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanges
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, 59000 Lille, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - T Guerrier
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, Centre de biologie-pathologie-génétique, institut d'Immunologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - D Launay
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, 59000 Lille, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - G Lefèvre
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, 59000 Lille, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, Centre de biologie-pathologie-génétique, institut d'Immunologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M Labalette
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, Centre de biologie-pathologie-génétique, institut d'Immunologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A Forestier
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, 59000 Lille, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - V Sobanski
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, 59000 Lille, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - J Corli
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département de rhumatologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Hauspie
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, Centre de biologie-pathologie-génétique, institut d'Immunologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M Jendoubi
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France
| | - I Yakoub-Agha
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département des maladies du sang, 59000 Lille, France
| | - P-Y Hatron
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, 59000 Lille, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - E Hachulla
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, 59000 Lille, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - S Dubucquoi
- Université de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995, 59000 Lille, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, Centre de biologie-pathologie-génétique, institut d'Immunologie, 59000 Lille, France
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111
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Chasset F, de Masson A, Le Buanec H, Xhaard A, de Fontbrune FS, Robin M, Rybojad M, Parquet N, Brignier AC, Coman T, Bengoufa D, Bergeron A, Peffault de Latour R, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Socié G, Bouaziz JD. APRIL levels are associated with disease activity in human chronic graft-versus-host disease. Haematologica 2016; 101:e312-5. [PMID: 26992945 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.145409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- François Chasset
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Adèle de Masson
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Hélène Le Buanec
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Aliénor Xhaard
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Flore Sicre de Fontbrune
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Marie Robin
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Michel Rybojad
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Nathalie Parquet
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris Therapeutic Apheresis Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Anne C Brignier
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris Therapeutic Apheresis Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Tereza Coman
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Djaouida Bengoufa
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Immunobiology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Anne Bergeron
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Pneumology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Régis Peffault de Latour
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Martine Bagot
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Gérard Socié
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Hematology and Transplantation, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris INSERM and UMRS1160, France
| | - Jean-David Bouaziz
- INSERM and UMRS 976, Laboratory of Onco dermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem cells, F-75739 Paris University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris
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112
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IL-10 Production Is Critical for Sustaining the Expansion of CD5+ B and NKT Cells and Restraining Autoantibody Production in Congenic Lupus-Prone Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150515. [PMID: 26964093 PMCID: PMC4786215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus is mediated by the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. To decipher the genetics that contribute to pathogenesis and the production of pathogenic autoantibodies, our lab has focused on the generation of congenic lupus-prone mice derived from the New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Previous work has shown that an NZB-derived chromosome 4 interval spanning 32 to 151 Mb led to expansion of CD5+ B and Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, and could suppress autoimmunity when crossed with a lupus-prone mouse strain. Subsequently, it was shown that CD5+ B cells but not NKT cells derived from these mice could suppress the development of pro-inflammatory T cells. In this paper, we aimed to further resolve the genetics that leads to expansion of these two innate-like populations through the creation of additional sub-congenic mice and to characterize the role of IL-10 in the suppression of autoimmunity through the generation of IL-10 knockout mice. We show that expansion of CD5+ B cells and NKT cells localizes to a chromosome 4 interval spanning 91 to 123 Mb, which is distinct from the region that mediates the majority of the suppressive phenotype. We also demonstrate that IL-10 is critical to restraining autoantibody production and surprisingly plays a vital role in supporting the expansion of innate-like populations.
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113
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Circulating T follicular helper cells with increased function during chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2016; 127:2489-97. [PMID: 26944544 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-688895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a major late complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Previous studies have established that both donor B and T cells contribute to immune pathology in cGVHD but the mechanisms responsible for coordinated B- and T-cell responses directed against recipient antigens have not been understood. T follicular helper cells (TFH) play an important role in the regulation of B-cell immunity. We performed extensive phenotypic and functional analysis of circulating TFH (cTFH) and B cells in 66 patients after HSCT. Patients with active cGVHD had a significantly lower frequency of cTFH compared with patients without cGVHD. This was associated with higher CXCL13 plasma levels suggesting increased homing of TFH to secondary lymphoid organs. In patients with active cGVHD, cTFH phenotype was skewed toward a highly activated profile with predominance of T helper 2 (Th2)/Th17 subsets. Activated cTFH in patients with cGVHD demonstrated increased functional ability to promote B-cell immunoglobulin secretion and maturation. Moreover, the activation signature of cTFH was highly correlated with increased B-cell activation and plasmablast maturation in patients after transplant. These studies provide new insights into the immune pathogenesis of human cGVHD and identify TFH as a key coordinating element supporting B-cell involvement in this disease.
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114
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Antibodies from donor B cells perpetuate cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood 2016; 127:2249-60. [PMID: 26884373 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-668145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous sclerosis is one of the most common clinical manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Donor CD4(+) T and B cells play important roles in cGVHD pathogenesis, but the role of antibodies from donor B cells remains unclear. In the current studies, we generated immunoglobulin (Ig)H(µγ1) DBA/2 mice whose B cells have normal antigen-presentation and regulatory functions but cannot secrete antibodies. With a murine cGVHD model using DBA/2 donors and BALB/c recipients, we have shown that wild-type (WT) grafts induce persistent cGVHD with damage in the thymus, peripheral lymphoid organs, and skin, as well as cutaneous T helper 17 cell (Th17) infiltration. In contrast, IgH(µγ1) grafts induced only transient cGVHD with little damage in the thymus or peripheral lymph organs or with little cutaneous Th17 infiltration. Injections of IgG-containing sera from cGVHD recipients given WT grafts but not IgG-deficient sera from recipients given IgH(µγ1) grafts led to deposition of IgG in the thymus and skin, with resulting damage in the thymus and peripheral lymph organs, cutaneous Th17 infiltration, and perpetuation of cGVHD in recipients given IgH(µγ1) grafts. These results indicate that donor B-cell antibodies augment cutaneous cGVHD in part by damaging the thymus and increasing tissue infiltration of pathogenic Th17 cells.
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115
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Durand J, Chiffoleau E. B cells with regulatory properties in transplantation tolerance. World J Transplant 2015; 5:196-208. [PMID: 26722647 PMCID: PMC4689930 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of tolerance remains a major goal in transplantation. Indeed, despite potent immunosuppression, chronic rejection is still a real problem in transplantation. The humoral response is an important mediator of chronic rejection, and numerous strategies have been developed to target either B cells or plasma cells. However, the use of anti-CD20 therapy has highlighted the beneficial role of subpopulation of B cells, termed regulatory B cells. These cells have been characterized mainly in mice models of auto-immune diseases but emerging literature suggests their role in graft tolerance in transplantation. Regulatory B cells seem to be induced following inflammation to restrain excessive response. Different phenotypes of regulatory B cells have been described and are functional at various differentiation steps from immature to plasma cells. These cells act by multiple mechanisms such as secretion of immuno-suppressive cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-35, cytotoxicity, expression of inhibitory receptors or by secretion of non-inflammatory antibodies. Better characterization of the development, phenotype and mode of action of these cells seems urgent to develop novel approaches to manipulate the different B cell subsets and the response to the graft in a clinical setting.
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116
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Chu M, Wong CK, Cai Z, Dong J, Jiao D, Kam NW, Lam CWK, Tam LS. Elevated Expression and Pro-Inflammatory Activity of IL-36 in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Molecules 2015; 20:19588-604. [PMID: 26516833 PMCID: PMC6332178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201019588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression and proinflammatory activity of interleukin (IL)-36 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The expression level of IL-36, its putative receptors and the frequency of CD19+CD24highCD27+ regulatory B (Breg) lymphocytes of peripheral blood from 43 SLE patients and 16 normal control (NC) subjects were studied using ELISA and flow cytometry. Plasma cytokines/chemokines and ex vivo productions of cytokine/chemokine from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with recombinant IL-36 were determined by Luminex multiplex assay. Plasma concentrations of IL-36α, IL-36γ and the proportions of circulating IL-36R-positive CD19+ B lymphocytes in total B lymphocytes and PBMC were significantly increased in active SLE patients compared with NC (all p < 0.05). Plasma IL-36α and IL-36γ correlated positively with SLE disease activity and elevated plasma IL-10 concentration (all p < 0.05). The frequencies of circulating Breg lymphocytes in total B lymphocytes and PBMC were significantly decreased in both inactive and active SLE patients compared with NC (all p < 0.01). The frequency of Breg lymphocytes in total B lymphocytes correlated negatively with the proportion of IL-36R-positive B lymphocytes (p < 0.05). IL-36α exerted substantial proinflammatory effect in PBMC from SLE patients by inducing the production of IL-6 and CXCL8. Upon stimulation with IL-36α and IL-36γ, ex vivo productions of IL-6 and CXCL8 were significantly increased in SLE patients compared with NC (all p < 0.05). This cross-sectional study demonstrated that over expression of circulating IL-36α may exert a proinflammatory effect as observed in human SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhe Cai
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Delong Jiao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ngar Woon Kam
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Lai Shan Tam
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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117
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Durand J, Huchet V, Merieau E, Usal C, Chesneau M, Remy S, Heslan M, Anegon I, Cuturi MC, Brouard S, Chiffoleau E. Regulatory B Cells with a Partial Defect in CD40 Signaling and Overexpressing Granzyme B Transfer Allograft Tolerance in Rodents. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5035-44. [PMID: 26432892 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Emerging knowledge regarding B cells in organ transplantation has demonstrated that these cells can no longer be taken as mere generators of deleterious Abs but can also act as beneficial players. We previously demonstrated in a rat model of cardiac allograft tolerance induced by short-term immunosuppression an accumulation in the blood of B cells overexpressing inhibitory molecules, a phenotype also observed in the blood of patients that spontaneously develop graft tolerance. In this study, we demonstrated the presence in the spleen of regulatory B cells enriched in the CD24(int)CD38(+)CD27(+)IgD(-)IgM(+/low) subpopulation, which are able to transfer donor-specific tolerance via IL-10 and TGF-β1-dependent mechanisms and to suppress in vitro TNF-α secretion. Following anti-CD40 stimulation, IgD(-)IgM(+/low) B cells were blocked in their plasma cell differentiation pathway, maintained high expression of the inhibitory molecules CD23 and Bank1, and upregulated Granzyme B and Irf4, two molecules described as highly expressed by regulatory B cells. Interestingly, these B cells recognized specifically a dominant donor Ag, suggesting restricted specificity that could lead to a particular B cell response. Regulatory B cells were not required for induction of tolerance and appeared following Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, suggesting cooperation with regulatory T cells for their expansion. Nevertheless, following transfer to new recipients, these B cells migrated to the allograft, kept their regulatory profile, and promoted local accumulation of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. Mechanisms of regulatory B cells and their cell therapy potential are important to decipher in experimental models to pave the way for future developments in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Durand
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Huchet
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Merieau
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Usal
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Melanie Chesneau
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Severine Remy
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Michele Heslan
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Maria-Cristina Cuturi
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- INSERM, Unité 1064, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
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118
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Ding T, Yan F, Cao S, Ren X. Regulatory B cell: New member of immunosuppressive cell club. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:615-21. [PMID: 26385479 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the pivotal role of B cells or B lymphocytes in immunity has been attributed to the production of antibodies. They were also demonstrated to present antigens to T cells and to secrete cytokines, thereby acting as positive regulators in immune responses. A series of studies on autoimmune diseases, however, led researchers to find a unique subset of B cells, later described as "regulatory B cells" (Bregs), that has the ability to suppress immune responses. Bregs occur not only in autoimmune diseases, but also in inflammation and transplantation. Furthermore, recently published literatures suggested that Bregs contributed to the growth and metastasis of certain cancers. In this review, we will discuss these unique subsets of B cells in different kinds of disorders, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of their immunoregulatory role that were collected from mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ding
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, China
| | - Fan Yan
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, China
| | - Shui Cao
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, China.
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, China.
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119
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Mensen A, Oh Y, Becker SC, Hemmati PG, Jehn C, Westermann J, Szyska M, Göldner H, Dörken B, Scheibenbogen C, Arnold R, Na IK. Apoptosis Susceptibility Prolongs the Lack of Memory B Cells in Acute Leukemic Patients After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:1895-906. [PMID: 26271190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation requires intact immunosurveillance, which is hampered by lymphoid organ damage associated with conditioning therapy, graft-versus-host disease, and immunosuppression. Our study aimed to identify the mechanisms contributing to sustained low memory B cell numbers after transplantation. Peripheral B and T cell subset recovery and functional marker expression were investigated in 35 acute leukemic patients up to 1 year after transplantation. Apoptosis of B cells after CD40/TLR-9, CD40/BCR, and CD40/BCR/TLR-9-dependent stimulation and drug efflux capacity were analyzed. One half of the patients suffered from infections after day 180. All patients had strongly diminished CD27(+) memory B cells despite already normalized total B cell numbers and fully recovered CD27(-)IgD(-) memory B cells, putatively of extra-follicular origin. Circulating memory follicular helper T cells were reduced in the majority of patients as well. Naïve B cells exhibited a decreased expression of CXCR5, which mediates follicular B cell entry. Additionally, a lower HLA-DR expression was found on naïve B cells, impairing antigen presentation. Upon CD40/TLR-9-dependent activation, B cells underwent significantly increased apoptosis paralleled by an aberrant up-regulation of Fas-L on activated T cells and Fas on resting B cells. Significantly increased B cell apoptosis was also observed after CD40/BCR and CD40/BCR/TLR-9-dependent activation. Drug efflux capacity of naïve B cells was diminished in cyclosporin A-treated patients, additionally contributing to an apoptosis-prone phenotype. We conclude that B cell survival and migration and T cell communication defects are contributing candidates for an impaired germinal center formation of memory B cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Follow-up studies should evaluate effectiveness of revaccinations on the cellular level and should address the long-term sequelae of B cell defects after transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression
- HLA-DR Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin D/genetics
- Immunologic Memory
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR5/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
- Transplantation Conditioning
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
- Unrelated Donors
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mensen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Youngseong Oh
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonya C Becker
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp G Hemmati
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Jehn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Westermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Szyska
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Göldner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Dörken
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Arnold
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, CVK, Berlin, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
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Fryer M, Grahammer J, Khalifian S, Furtmüller GJ, Lee WPA, Raimondi G, Brandacher G. Exploring cell-based tolerance strategies for hand and face transplantation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:1189-204. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1078729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Suppression of autoimmunity by CD5(+) IL-10-producing B cells in lupus-prone mice. Genes Immun 2015; 16:311-20. [PMID: 25973757 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of pathogenic anti-nuclear antibodies. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that the introgression of a New Zealand Black-derived chromosome 4 interval onto a lupus-prone background suppresses the disease. Interestingly, the same genetic interval promoted the expansion of both Natural Killer T- and CD5(+) B cells in suppressed mice. In this study, we show that ablation of NKT cells with a CD1d knockout had no impact on either the suppression of lupus or the expansion of CD5(+) B cells. On the other hand, suppressed mice had an expanded population of IL-10-producing B cells that predominantly localized to the CD5(+)CD1d(low) compartment. The expansion of CD5(+) B cells negatively correlated with the frequency of pro-inflammatory IL-17 A-producing T-cells and kidney damage. Adoptive transfer with a single injection of total B cells with an enriched CD5(+) compartment reduced the frequency of memory/activated, IFNγ-producing, and IL-17 A-producing CD4 T-cells but did not significantly reduce autoantibody levels. Taken together, these data suggest that the expansion of CD5(+) IL-10-producing B cells and not NKT cells protects against lupus in these mice, by limiting the expansion of pro-inflammatory IL-17 A- and IFNγ-producing CD4 T-cells.
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Miyagaki T, Fujimoto M, Sato S. Regulatory B cells in human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: from mouse models to clinical research. Int Immunol 2015; 27:495-504. [PMID: 25957264 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells have been generally considered to be positive regulators of immune responses because of their ability to produce antigen-specific antibodies and to activate T cells through antigen presentation. Impairment of B cell development and function may cause inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, specific B cell subsets that can negatively regulate immune responses have been described in mouse models of a wide variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The concept of those B cells, termed regulatory B cells, is now recognized as important in the murine immune system. Among several regulatory B cell subsets, IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are the most widely investigated. On the basis of discoveries from studies of such mice, human regulatory B cells that produce IL-10 in most cases are becoming an active area of research. There have been emerging data suggesting the importance of human regulatory B cells in various diseases. Revealing the immune regulation mechanisms of human regulatory B cells in human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases could lead to the development of novel B cell targeted therapies. This review highlights the current knowledge on regulatory B cells, mainly IL-10-producing regulatory B cells, in animal models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and in clinical research using human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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de Masson A, Socié G, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Bouaziz JD. Deficient regulatory B cells in human chronic graft-versus-host disease. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1016707. [PMID: 26140245 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1016707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a frequent and disabling complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are IL-10-producing B cells that are able to inhibit the innate and adaptive immune responses. We have recently demonstrated a defect in regulatory B cells in human cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle de Masson
- Service de Dermatologie; Hôpital Saint-Louis ; Paris, France ; INSERM UMRS 976; Laboratoire "Oncodermatology; Immunology and Cutaneous Stem Cells"; Université Paris VII Sorbonne Paris Cité; Hôpital Saint-Louis ; Paris, France
| | - Gérard Socié
- Service d'Hématologie Greffes; INSERM UMRS 1160; Université Paris VII Sorbonne Paris Cité; Hôpital Saint-Louis ; Paris, France
| | - Martine Bagot
- Service de Dermatologie; Hôpital Saint-Louis ; Paris, France ; INSERM UMRS 976; Laboratoire "Oncodermatology; Immunology and Cutaneous Stem Cells"; Université Paris VII Sorbonne Paris Cité; Hôpital Saint-Louis ; Paris, France
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM UMRS 976; Laboratoire "Oncodermatology; Immunology and Cutaneous Stem Cells"; Université Paris VII Sorbonne Paris Cité; Hôpital Saint-Louis ; Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Bouaziz
- Service de Dermatologie; Hôpital Saint-Louis ; Paris, France ; INSERM UMRS 976; Laboratoire "Oncodermatology; Immunology and Cutaneous Stem Cells"; Université Paris VII Sorbonne Paris Cité; Hôpital Saint-Louis ; Paris, France
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Quan C, ZhangBao J, Lu J, Zhao C, Cai T, Wang B, Yu H, Qiao J, Lu C. The immune balance between memory and regulatory B cells in NMO and the changes of the balance after methylprednisolone or rituximab therapy. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 282:45-53. [PMID: 25903728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We aim to explore the impacts of high dose methylprednisolone therapy (HDMT) and rituximab on circulating B cells in NMO patients. Twenty-two NMO patients in the acute relapse phase were treated with HDMT and 9 patients in the remission stage were treated with rituximab. The frequencies of circulating CD19(+)CD27(+) memory B cell (Bmem), CD19(+)CD24(high)CD38(high) regulatory B cell (Breg) and the B cell production of interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ were monitored by flow cytometry before and after the treatment. The frequencies of circulating Bregs and the B cell IL-10 production were significantly lower in NMO patients before HDMT compared to healthy controls. Two weeks' HDMT further reduced the frequencies of Bregs while increased the frequencies of Bmems, which steered the numerical balance between Bmem and Breg in favor of Bmem. Meanwhile, HDMT significantly inhibited the B cell IFN-γ expression. Rituximab exerted its effect through B cell elimination and subsequent B cell repopulation which was characterized by the predominance of Bregs, restored the numerical balance between Breg and Bmem back to an advantageous "Breg>Bmem" status. Therefore, HDMT and rituximab had basically different impacts on B cells in NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Quan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Jingzi ZhangBao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, China
| | - Tongjia Cai
- Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Chuanzhen Lu
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China.
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Abstract
Recent studies have compelled further interest in the potential pathological role of B cells in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). In patients with cGVHD, B cells are activated and primed for survival via B-cell activating factor and B-cell receptor-associated pathways. Understanding the signaling pathways that drive immune pathology in cGVHD will facilitate the development of new strategies to selectively target aberrantly activated B cells and restore normal B-cell homeostasis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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