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Papasavva T, Martin P, Legler TJ, Liasides M, Anastasiou G, Christofides A, Christodoulou T, Demetriou S, Kerimis P, Kontos C, Leontiades G, Papapetrou D, Patroclos T, Phylaktou M, Zottis N, Karitzie E, Pavlou E, Kountouris P, Veldhuisen B, van der Schoot E, Kleanthous M. Prevalence of RhD status and clinical application of non-invasive prenatal determination of fetal RHD in maternal plasma: a 5 year experience in Cyprus. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:198. [PMID: 27036548 PMCID: PMC4818414 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the discovery that cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is circulating in the maternal plasma of pregnant women, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis for fetal RhD in maternal plasma in RhD negative women at risk for haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) was clinically established and used by many laboratories. The objectives of this study are: (a) to assess the feasibility and report our experiences of the routine implementation of fetal RHD genotyping by analysis of cffDNA extracted from maternal plasma of RhD negative women at risk of HDN, and (b) to estimate the RhD phenotype frequencies, the RHD genotype frequencies and the RhD zygosity in the Cypriot population. METHODS cffDNA was extracted from maternal plasma of 73 RhD negative pregnant women. Real-Time Multiplex-PCR was used to amplify regions of RHD gene in exons 4, 5 and 10. RhD phenotypes were determined on 445 random samples using conventional agglutination slide test. RESULTS The fetus was predicted to be positive in 53 cases and negative in 18 cases. Two of cases were identified as D-variants, weak D type-1 and 11. The frequency of RhD negative homozygosity in the Cypriot population was estimated to be 7.2%, while the frequencies of RHD hemizygosity and RhD positive homozygosity was calculated to be 39.2 and 53.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Fetal RHD genotyping can be accurately determined using cffDNA from maternal plasma. The implementation of the test has eliminated all use of unnecessary anti-D and reduced the total use of anti-D by 25.3% while achieving appropriate management of the RhD negative pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thessalia Papasavva
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Internanional Airport Ave, Agios Dometios, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Pete Martin
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transport, North Bristol Park, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QG, UK
| | - Tobias J Legler
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marios Liasides
- Zoodochou Pigis Clinic, 9 Antisthenous, Kapsalos, 3086, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - George Anastasiou
- Mother and Child Medical Center, 9-11 Penelopis Delta Str., 1076, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Tasos Christodoulou
- Apollonion Private Hospital, Lefkotheou 20, Strovolos, 2054, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sotos Demetriou
- European Woman's Clinic, Vyzantiou 26, Strovolos, 2064, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Prokopis Kerimis
- Ygia Polyclinic Private Hospital, 21, Nafpliou str., 3305, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Charis Kontos
- Iasis Hospital, 8 Voriou Ipirou str., 8069, Paphos, Cyprus
| | | | - Demetris Papapetrou
- Mother and Child Medical Center, 9-11 Penelopis Delta Str., 1076, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Marios Phylaktou
- Apollonion Private Hospital, Lefkotheou 20, Strovolos, 2054, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikos Zottis
- Ledra Obstetrics Gynecology Clinic, 19 Pindarou, Ayios Antonios, 1060, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Karitzie
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Internanional Airport Ave, Agios Dometios, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Pavlou
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Internanional Airport Ave, Agios Dometios, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Petros Kountouris
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Internanional Airport Ave, Agios Dometios, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Marina Kleanthous
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Internanional Airport Ave, Agios Dometios, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
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102
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Ahmadi MH, Hantuoshzadeh S, Okhovat MA, Nasiri N, Azarkeivan A, Amirizadeh N. Fetal RHD Genotyping from Circulating Cell-Free Fetal DNA in Plasma of Rh Negative Pregnant Women in Iran. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 32:447-453. [PMID: 27812255 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal determination of the fetal Rh genotype could lead to a substantial reduction in the use of anti-D immunoglobulin and prevention of unnecessary exposure of pregnant women carrying RhD negative fetus. The aim of this study was fetal RHD genotyping through the analysis of cffDNA in plasma samples of RhD negative pregnant women by real-time PCR technique. In this experiment, 30 plasma samples were collected from RhD negative pregnant women. DNA were extracted and real-time PCR reactions were done by specific primers for RHD, SRY and beta-globin (GLO) genes. The Rh phenotypes of mothers and their babies were determined by agglutination method and specific anti-serums. From the 30 maternal plasma samples considered for SRY genotyping, 16 samples revealed the presence of the SRY gene. Regarding the fetal RHD genotyping, 26 samples were positive for RhD and 4 samples were negative. In all cases, the predicted RhD and SRY genotypes were in concordance with the serologically determined phenotypes. The sensitivity, specificity and precision of the fetal RHD and SRY genotyping test were calculated 100 % (p value <0.0005; K = 100 %). The present study confirms the precision of fetal RHD and SRY genotyping in maternal plasma by real-time PCR technique. This method helps RhD negative pregnant women about the appropriate use of anti-D immunoglobulin and also on the management and prevention of HDFN. However, superior and confirmatory studies are recommended before fetal RHD genotyping by real-time PCR is introduced as a non-invasive prenatal screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Hantuoshzadeh
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal Research Center, Valieasr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Okhovat
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Nasiri
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Azarkeivan
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Amirizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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103
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Svensson AM, Delaney M. Considerations of red blood cell molecular testing in transfusion medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1455-64. [PMID: 26367503 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1086646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The field of transfusion medicine is on the threshold of a paradigm shift, as the technology for genotyping of red blood cell antigens, including US FDA-approved arrays, is now moving into standard practice. Access to cost-efficient, high-resolution genotyping has the potential to increase the quality of care by decreasing the risk for alloimmunization and incompatible transfusions in individuals on long-term blood transfusion protocols, including patient groups with hemoglobinopathies and other chronic diseases. Current and future applications of molecular methods in transfusion medicine and blood banking are discussed, with emphasis on indications for genotyping in various clinical scenarios. Furthermore, limitations of the current gold standard methodology and serology, as well as of contemporary molecular methodology, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Svensson
- a 1 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado , Denver, USA.,b 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado , Colorado, USA
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104
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Zhang C, Li Y, Wang L, Sun S, Liu G, Leng J, Guo J, Lv L, Li W, Zhang C, Hu G, Yu Z, Yang X. Blood group AB is protective factor for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective population-based study in Tianjin, China. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:627-37. [PMID: 25820620 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ABO blood types are associated with cancers, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus but whether they are also associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. We examined the relationship between the ABO blood types and the risk of GDM in a prospective population-based Chinese cohort. METHODS From 2010 to 2012, we recruited 14,198 pregnant women within the first 12 weeks of gestation in Tianjin, China. All women had a glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24-28 gestational weeks, followed by a 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test if the results from GCT were ≥7.8 mmol/L. GDM was diagnosed based on the glucose cut-points of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for traditional risk factors. Stratified analysis was performed by family history of diabetes (yes versus no). Sensitivity analyses were also performed by using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for GDM. RESULTS Women with blood groups A, B or O (i.e. non-AB) were associated with increased risk of GDM as compared with those with blood group AB (adjusted OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.13-1.83). Sensitivity analyses showed that the result was consistent using WHO criteria. The adjusted OR of blood group non-AB versus AB for GDM was enhanced among women with a family history of diabetes (2.69, 1.21-5.96) and attenuated among those without (1.33, 1.03-1.71). CONCLUSIONS Blood group AB was a protective factor against GDM in pregnant Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Li
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Shurong Sun
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Gongshu Liu
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Lv
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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105
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Schmidt LC, Castilho L, Vieira OVN, Sippert E, Gaspardi AC, Martins ML, da Silva Malta MCF. Impact of a confirmatory RhD test on the correct serologic typing of blood donors. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2015; 37:302-5. [PMID: 26408363 PMCID: PMC4685092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RHD gene is highly polymorphic, which results in a large number of RhD variant phenotypes. Discrepancies in RhD typing are still a problem in blood banks and increase the risk of alloimmunization. In this study, the RhD typing strategy at a blood bank in Brazil was evaluated. METHODS One-hundred and fifty-two samples typed as RhD negative and C or E positive by routine tests (automated system and indirect antiglobulin test using the tube technique) were reevaluated for RhD status by three methods. The method with the best performance was implemented and evaluated for a period of one year (n=4897 samples). Samples that were D positive exclusively in the confirmatory test were submitted to molecular analysis. RESULTS The gel test for indirect antiglobulin testing with anti-D immunoglobulin G (clone ESD1) presented the best results. Seventy samples (1.43%) previously typed as RhD negative showed reactivity in the gel test for indirect antiglobulin testing and were reclassified as D positive. D variants that may cause alloimmunization, such as weak D type 2 and partial D(VI), were detected. CONCLUSION The confirmatory RhD test using the gel test for indirect antiglobulin testing represents a breakthrough in transfusion safety in this blood center. Our results emphasize the importance of assessing the blood group typing strategy in blood banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cayres Schmidt
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais (Hemominas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lilian Castilho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Emília Sippert
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Lobato Martins
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais (Hemominas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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106
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Villa CH, Pan DC, Zaitsev S, Cines DB, Siegel DL, Muzykantov VR. Delivery of drugs bound to erythrocytes: new avenues for an old intravascular carrier. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:795-826. [PMID: 26228773 PMCID: PMC4712023 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, researchers have used erythrocytes for drug delivery of a wide variety of therapeutics in order to improve their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, controlled release and pharmacodynamics. Approaches include encapsulation of drugs within erythrocytes, as well as coupling of drugs onto the red cell surface. This review focuses on the latter approach, and examines the delivery of red blood cell (RBC)-surface-bound anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-microbial agents, as well as RBC carriage of nanoparticles. Herein, we discuss the progress that has been made in surface loading approaches, and address in depth the issues relevant to surface loading of RBC, including intrinsic features of erythrocyte membranes, immune considerations, potential surface targets and techniques for the production of affinity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel C Pan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sergei Zaitsev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas B Cines
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donald L Siegel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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107
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Rh D blood group conversion using transcription activator-like effector nucleases. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7451. [PMID: 26078220 PMCID: PMC4490371 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Group O D-negative blood cells are universal donors in transfusion medicine and methods for converting other blood groups into this universal donor group have been researched. However, conversion of D-positive cells into D-negative is yet to be achieved, although conversion of group A or B cells into O cells has been reported. The Rh D blood group is determined by the RHD gene, which encodes a 12-transmembrane domain protein. Here we convert Rh D-positive erythroid progenitor cells into D-negative cells using RHD-targeting transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). After transfection of TALEN-encoding plasmids, RHD-knockout clones are obtained. Erythroid-lineage cells differentiated from these knockout erythroid progenitor cells do not agglutinate in the presence of anti-D reagents and do not express D antigen, as assessed using flow cytometry. Our programmable nuclease-induced blood group conversion opens new avenues for compatible donor cell generation in transfusion medicine. Group O/RhD− blood can be safely transfused to any recipient and methods for converting other blood groups into this group hold therapeutic potential. By using programmable nucleases, here the authors edit the gene that determines the RhD blood group and convert the RhD+ into RhD− erythroid progenitor cells.
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108
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Wang M, Wang BL, Xu W, Fan DD, Peng ML, Pan J, Yao P, Jiang GM, Wan XJ. Anti-D alloimmunisation in pregnant women with DEL phenotype in China. Transfus Med 2015; 25:163-9. [PMID: 26033335 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wang
- The Department of Blood Transfusion; Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine; Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - B. L. Wang
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine; Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - W. Xu
- The Department of Blood Transfusion; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - D. D. Fan
- The Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - M. L. Peng
- The Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - J. Pan
- The Department of Blood Transfusion; Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - P. Yao
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine; Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - G. M. Jiang
- The Department of Blood Transfusion; Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - X. J. Wan
- The Department of Blood Transfusion; Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
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109
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Sandler SG, Flegel WA, Westhoff CM, Denomme GA, Delaney M, Keller MA, Johnson ST, Katz L, Queenan JT, Vassallo RR, Simon CD. It's time to phase in RHD genotyping for patients with a serologic weak D phenotype. College of American Pathologists Transfusion Medicine Resource Committee Work Group. Transfusion 2015; 55:680-9. [PMID: 25438646 PMCID: PMC4357540 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gerald Sandler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
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110
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Prevalence of maternal red cell alloimmunisation: a population study from Queensland, Australia. Pathology 2015; 47:151-5. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0000000000000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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111
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Musa RH, Hassan A, Ayob Y, Yusoff NM. WITHDRAWN: Rh genotypes among Malaysian blood donors. Transfus Apher Sci 2014:S1473-0502(14)00239-0. [PMID: 26144905 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author and editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozi Hanisa Musa
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Yasmin Ayob
- National Blood Center (NBC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
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112
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Avent ND. Prenatal testing for hemolytic disease of the newborn and fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia – current status. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:741-5. [DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.970160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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113
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Serologic findings of RhD alleles in Egyptians and their clinical implications. Transfus Apher Sci 2014; 51:184-7. [PMID: 25219636 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serologic discrepancies caused by various reactivity of D variants can only be resolved by the use of RhD genotyping. However, this strategy cannot be applied routinely due to the cost and feasibility. It has been documented that D variants are demonstrated among individuals with positivity for at least C or E antigens. It is considered to be affordable for some countries to test D negative donors who are C or E positive for D variants. It was proposed that an algorithm could be found based on distinct serologic features that matches the Egyptian genetic frequency data, and correctly assigns donors and patients, using the least possible expenses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples with the most prevalent weak D and partial D were investigated for their RhCE phenotype. Routine D typing by immediate spin (IS) tube method was performed in parallel with an automated gel test, and the reactivity results of D variants with both techniques were compared. RESULTS Among 31 D variants, only 5 were C or E positive (16.1 %). R0r phenotype was associated with the remaining 26 samples (83.9%) and constituted weak D types 4.2 (38.5%), and 4.0/4.1 (11.5%), partial DIII (34.6%), and partial DV (15.4%). Gel reacted strongly with partial DIII and DV. Ten samples with DIII and DV typed as D positive with IS. All weak D were positive by indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), while all partial D were positive by gel and IAT. CONCLUSION Guidelines for RhD workup should be adjusted to match population data. Detection of D variants among C or E positive donors may not be an optimal strategy for Egyptians. Serology cannot discriminate weak D from partial D, but may provide a clue about the probable D variant to be tested molecularly with the appropriate kit. Reagent selection is important to correctly assign donors and patients with the DIII and DV types.
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114
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Then WL, Li M, McLiesh H, Shen W, Garnier G. The detection of blood group phenotypes using paper diagnostics. Vox Sang 2014; 108:186-96. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. L. Then
- Department of Chemical Engineering; BioPRIA; Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI); Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - M. Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; BioPRIA; Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI); Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - H. McLiesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; BioPRIA; Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI); Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - W. Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; BioPRIA; Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI); Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - G. Garnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering; BioPRIA; Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI); Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
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115
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Noiphung J, Talalak K, Hongwarittorrn I, Pupinyo N, Thirabowonkitphithan P, Laiwattanapaisal W. A novel paper-based assay for the simultaneous determination of Rh typing and forward and reverse ABO blood groups. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 67:485-9. [PMID: 25223549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new, paper-based analytical device (PAD) for blood typing that allows for the simultaneous determination of ABO and Rh blood groups on the same device. The device was successfully fabricated by using a combination of wax printing and wax dipping methods. A 1:2 blood dilution was used for forward grouping, whereas whole blood could be used for reverse grouping. A 30% cell suspension of A-cells or B-cells was used for haemagglutination on the reverse grouping side. The total assay time was 10 min. The ratio between the distance of red blood cell movement and plasma separation is the criterion for agglutination and indicates the presence of the corresponding antigen or antibody. The proposed PAD has excellent reproducibility in that the same blood groups, namely A, AB, and O, were reported by using different PADs that were fabricated on the same day (n=10). The accuracy for detecting blood group A (n=12), B (n=13), AB (n=9), O (n=14), and Rh (n=48) typing were 92%, 85%, 89%, 93%, and 96%, respectively, in comparison with the conventional slide test method. The haematocrit of the sample affects the accuracy of the results, and appropriate dilution is suggested before typing. In conclusion, this study proposes a novel method that is straightforward, time-saving, and inexpensive for the simultaneous determination of ABO and Rh blood groups, which is promising for use in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julaluk Noiphung
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kwanrutai Talalak
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Irin Hongwarittorrn
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naricha Pupinyo
- Undergraduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pannawich Thirabowonkitphithan
- Undergraduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Abstract
Blood product transfusions are an essential component of the practice of emergency medicine. From acute traumatic hemorrhage to chronic blood loss necessitating transfusion for symptomatic anemia, familiarity with individual blood products and their indications for transfusion is an essential tool for every emergency physician (EP). Although the focus of this article is primarily on the transfusion of red blood cells, many of the concepts are applicable to the transfusion of all blood products. EPs must be fully familiar with both the individual blood components and the potential reactions and complications of these transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Osterman
- Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Room 1011, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Room 1011, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Scott SA, Nagl L, Tilley L, Liew YW, Condon J, Flower R, Hyland CA. The RHD(1227G>A) DEL-associated allele is the most prevalent DEL allele in Australian D- blood donors with C+ and/or E+ phenotypes. Transfusion 2014; 54:2931-40. [PMID: 24894016 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) with D antigen levels only detected by anti-D adsorption-elution and an antiglobulin test express a DEL phenotype. For two DEL types, including RHD(1227G>A), immunization of D- recipients has been reported. This study's aim was to measure the prevalence of DEL-associated RHD alleles in a cohort of Australian D- donors to develop a model to estimate alloimmunization risk. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS D-, C+ and/or E+ blood donors were screened for RHD exons using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Donors with RHD signals were DEL phenotyped with MCAD6 anti-D. RHD alleles were characterized via single-nucleotide polymorphism array or sequencing. Extended DEL phenotyping was performed with an anti-D panel. RESULTS Among 2027 donors, 39 carried RHD alleles that have been previously reported to associate with either the DEL or the weak D phenotype. An additional five donors carried previously unreported RHD alleles and exhibited the DEL phenotype: RHD(IVS2-2delA), RHD(IVS1+5G>C), RHD(ex9:del/CE), and RHD(ex8:del/CE) represented twice. In total, DEL/weak D-associated RHD alleles were detected in 44 of 2027 donors or 2.17% (95% confidence interval, 1.54%-2.81%). The RHD(1227G>A) DEL allele was the most frequent (n = 16). The risk of transfusing D- females not more than 40 years of age with an RHD(1227G>A) DEL RBC unit (when managed as D-) is estimated to be one in 149,109 transfusions (range, 100,680-294,490). CONCLUSION DEL/weak D-associated RHD alleles were found in 2.17% of Australian D-, C+ and/or E+ blood donors. This differs from previous European reports in that the clinically significant RHD(1227G>A) DEL allele is the most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Scott
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
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118
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Weiner ID, Verlander JW. Ammonia transport in the kidney by Rhesus glycoproteins. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F1107-20. [PMID: 24647713 PMCID: PMC4024734 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00013.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ammonia metabolism is a fundamental element of acid-base homeostasis, comprising a major component of both basal and physiologically altered renal net acid excretion. Over the past several years, a fundamental change in our understanding of the mechanisms of renal epithelial cell ammonia transport has occurred, replacing the previous model which was based upon diffusion equilibrium for NH3 and trapping of NH4(+) with a new model in which specific and regulated transport of both NH3 and NH4(+) across renal epithelial cell membranes via specific membrane proteins is required for normal ammonia metabolism. A major advance has been the recognition that members of a recently recognized transporter family, the Rhesus glycoprotein family, mediate critical roles in renal and extrarenal ammonia transport. The erythroid-specific Rhesus glycoprotein, Rh A Glycoprotein (Rhag), was the first Rhesus glycoprotein recognized as an ammonia-specific transporter. Subsequently, the nonerythroid Rh glycoproteins, Rh B Glycoprotein (Rhbg) and Rh C Glycoprotein (Rhcg), were cloned and identified as ammonia transporters. They are expressed in specific cell populations and membrane domains in distal renal epithelial cells, where they facilitate ammonia secretion. In this review, we discuss the distribution of Rhbg and Rhcg in the kidney, the regulation of their expression and activity in physiological disturbances, the effects of genetic deletion on renal ammonia metabolism, and the molecular mechanisms of Rh glycoprotein-mediated ammonia transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- I David Weiner
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville Florida; and Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville Florida; and
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119
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Li M, Then WL, Li L, Shen W. Paper-based device for rapid typing of secondary human blood groups. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:669-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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120
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Hyland CA, Gardener GJ, O'Brien H, Millard G, Gibbons K, Tremellen A, Ochoa-Garay G, Flower RL, Hyett JA. Strategy for managing maternal variant RHD
alleles in Rhesus D negative obstetric populations during fetal RHD
genotyping. Prenat Diagn 2013; 34:56-62. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Hyland
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Glenn J. Gardener
- Centre for Maternal and Fetal Medicine; Mater Health Services, Mater Medical Research Institute; South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Helen O'Brien
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Glenda Millard
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Kristen Gibbons
- Mater Research Office; Mater Medical Research Institute; South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Anne Tremellen
- Mater Research Office; Mater Medical Research Institute; South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Robert L. Flower
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jonathan A. Hyett
- RPA Women and Babies; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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121
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Characteristics of mammalian Rh glycoproteins (SLC42 transporters) and their role in acid-base transport. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:629-37. [PMID: 23506896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Rh glycoproteins belong to the solute transporter family SLC42 and include RhAG, present in red blood cells, and two non-erythroid members RhBG and RhCG that are expressed in various tissues, including kidney, liver, skin and the GI tract. The Rh proteins in the red blood cell form an "Rh complex" made up of one D-subunit, one CE-subunit and two RhAG subunits. The Rh complex has a well-known antigenic effect but also contributes to the stability of the red cell membrane. RhBG and RhCG are related to the NH4(+) transporters of the yeast and bacteria but their exact function is yet to be determined. This review describes the expression and molecular properties of these membrane proteins and their potential role as NH3/NH4(+) and CO2 transporters. The likelihood that these proteins transport gases such as CO2 or NH3 is novel and significant. The review also describes the physiological importance of these proteins and their relevance to human disease.
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122
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Abstract
Patients with the most common weak D types 1, 2, and 3 can be safely considered D positive. We evaluated 1,113 Rh-negative Egyptian samples for weak D expression to propose a cost-effective strategy related to D variant testing. D variants were tested using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific priming. Fifty samples were D variants (4.5%): weak D type 4.2 (32%), weak D type 4.0/4.1 (16%), and weak D type 15 (2%). Fifteen (62.5%) of 24 samples were identified serologically as partial D. We also studied the probability of the development of anti-D in 52 Rh-negative children with thalassemia who were receiving units for which weak D was not tested. Anti-D alloimmunization was observed in 63.5% of patients with thalassemia. It is prudent to implement weak D typing in Egyptian donors. Weak D variants of Egyptians are significantly different compared with Caucasians. Ethnicity must be taken into consideration when developing clinical and prenatal strategies related to D variants.
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123
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Agarwal N, Thapliyal RM, Chatterjee K. Blood group phenotype frequencies in blood donors from a tertiary care hospital in north India. Blood Res 2013; 48:51-4. [PMID: 23589796 PMCID: PMC3625001 DOI: 10.5045/br.2013.48.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about the frequency of red blood cell-antigen phenotypes in a population can be helpful in the creation of a donor data bank for the preparation of indigenous cell panels and for providing antigen-negative compatible blood to patients with multiple alloantibodies. METHODS ABO and RhD blood grouping was performed on 9,280 continuous voluntary and replacement donors. For other rare blood groups, 508 ACD blood samples were obtained from the donors at the Blood Bank of the Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. Blood group antigens were determined by tube method using anti-sera (Bio-Rad, USA), and the phenotype frequencies were expressed as percentages. RESULTS Group B (37.39%) was the most common, followed by group O (31.85%). R1R1 and rr were the most common phenotypes amongst Rh positive and Rh negative groups, respectively. A rare phenotype R2Rz was found in one donor. For Kidd and Duffy blood group systems, Jk (a+b+) and Fy (a+b+) were the most common phenotypes (46.06% and 48.03%, respectively). The most common phenotypes for MNSs, Lu, and Kell blood groups were M+N+, S-s+, Lu (a-b+), and K-k+, respectively. A very rare case of Fy (a-b-) and Jk (a-b-) was found in a single donor. CONCLUSION This study is the first small step to create a rare donor data bank and to prepare indigenous cell panels to provide compatible blood to all multi-transfused alloimmunized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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124
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von Zabern I, Wagner FF, Moulds JM, Moulds JJ, Flegel WA. D category IV: a group of clinically relevant and phylogenetically diverse partial D. Transfusion 2013; 53:2960-73. [PMID: 23461862 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The D typing strategies in several European countries protect carriers of D category VI (DVI) from anti-D immunization but not carriers of other partial D. Besides DVI, one of the clinically most important partial D is D category IV (DIV). A detailed description and direct comparison of the different DIV types was missing. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RHD nucleotide sequences were determined from genomic DNA. D epitope patterns were established with commercial monoclonal anti-D panels. RESULTS DIV comprises several variants of the D antigen with distinct serology, molecular structures, evolutionary origins, and ethnic prevalences. The DIV phenotype is determined by 350H shared by all, but not limited to, DIV variants which are further divided into DIVa and DIVb. The DIVa phenotype is expressed by DIV Type 1.0 harboring 350H and the dispersed amino acids 62F, 137V, and 152T. The DIVb phenotype is expressed by DIV Type 3 to Type 5 representing RHD-CE-D hybrids. Four of the six postulated DIV variants were encountered among 23 DIV samples analyzed. Of 12 DIV carriers with anti-D, 10 were female and seven likely immunized by pregnancy. Two DIV-related alleles are newly described: DWN, which differs from DIV Type 4 by 350D and epitope pattern. DNT carries 152T, known to cause a large D antigen density. CONCLUSION DIV alleles arose from at least two independent evolutionary events. DIV Type 1.0 with DIVa phenotype belongs to the oldest extant human RHD alleles. DIV Type 2 to Type 5 with DIVb phenotype arose from more recent gene conversions. Anti-D immunization, especially dreaded in pregnancies, will be avoided not only in carriers of DVI but also in carriers of other D variants like DIV, if our proposed D typing strategy is adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge von Zabern
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany; DRK (German Red Cross) Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute, Ulm, Germany; DRK Blood Donor Service NSTOB, Institute, Springe, Germany; Scientific Support Services, LifeShare Blood Centers, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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125
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Abdelrazik AM, Elshafie SM, Ezzat Ahmed GM, Abdelaziz HM. Combining serology and molecular typing of weak D role in improving D typing strategy in Egypt. Transfusion 2013; 53:2940-4. [PMID: 23362929 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rh discrepancies are a problem during routine testing because of partial and weak D phenotypes. Some blood units with weak and partial D expression may escape detection by serology. Limitations of serology can be overcome by molecular typing. The objective of study was to compare currently used serologic methods with molecular analysis to determine the potential application of molecular methods to improve D typing strategies and to estimate the frequency of weak D types among the Arab population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty blood donor and patient samples with discrepant results of D phenotyping were subjected to routine serology to define the D phenotype including monoclonal anti-D immunoglobulin M and indirect antiglobulin test. Commercially available panels of monoclonal anti-D were used for identification of partial D and weak D phenotypes. Genomic DNA was evaluated using allele-specific amplification polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers to define weak D type. RESULTS Molecular typing confirmed most of the serology results; three samples that were not clear-cut serologically were identified by molecular typing, two samples as weak D Type 4.2 (DAR), and one sample as weak D Type 4.0. Another two samples identified by serologic panel as weak D were unresolved by molecular typing. A sample with partial D Type II by serology revealed a Weak D Type 4.0 by molecular typing. Results interestingly showed the high frequency of weak D Type 4.2 (DAR) in Egypt. CONCLUSION RHD molecular typing can solve discrepancies during routine testing due to partial and weak D phenotypes for better transfusion outcome.
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126
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Immunohematologic disorders. Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.00075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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127
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Pham BN, Ramelet S, Wibaut B, Juszczak G, Loukil C, Dubeaux I, Gien D, Kappler-Gratias S, Rouger P, Le Pennec PY. Molecular background of novel silent RHCE alleles. Transfusion 2012; 53:2990-9. [PMID: 23252593 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of expression of C/c and E/e antigens has been associated with rare variant RHCE alleles, referred to as silent RHCE alleles, classically identified among individuals with a rare D- - or Rhnull phenotype. This work reports on different molecular mechanisms identified in three novel silent RHCE alleles. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Samples from D- - or Rhnull individuals and their family members, from families for whom Rh phenotype and/or serologic data were unexplained by inheritance of conventional RH alleles, were analyzed. Genomic DNA and transcripts were tested by sequencing analysis. RESULTS The first silent allele was a RHCE*cE allele carrying an intronic IVS3+5G>A mutation. The second was a RHCE*ce allele carrying an intronic IVS7-2A>G mutation, whereas the third was a silent RHCE*ce allele carrying a 5-bp deletion (Nucleotides 679-683) in Exon 5. CONCLUSION In addition to hybrid alleles and nucleotide deletion, intronic mutations may be associated with the nonexpression of RhCE antigens. Regarding the RH system, silent alleles may not be investigated among D- - or Rhnull individuals only. Rh phenotype and/or serologic data unexplained by inheritance of conventional RH alleles should lead to molecular investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach-Nga Pham
- CNRGS-INSERM U665, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France; CHU Lille, Institut d'Hématologie Transfusion, Lille, France; Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Atlantique, France
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128
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Yun JW, Kang ES, Ki CS, Koh KC, Kim DW. Sensitization to multiple rh antigens by transfusion of random donor platelet concentrates in a -D- phenotype patient. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:429-32. [PMID: 23130343 PMCID: PMC3486938 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The -D- phenotype is a rare Rh phenotype that strongly expresses D antigen without C, c, E, or e antigens. In -D- phenotype individuals, anti-Rh17 (Hro) is commonly found if there is a history of pregnancy or transfusion with red blood cells (RBCs) that express C, c, E, or e antigens. We report the first case of a -D- phenotype patient with multiple Rh antibodies including anti-Rh17 who had a history of two occasions of transfusion with eight random donor platelet concentrates two and six years ago. We found that a trivial amount of RBCs in the platelet components was able to trigger sensitization to RBC antigens, especially the highly immunogenic and clinically significant Rh antigens, including C, c, E, e or CcEe polypeptides. To avoid unnecessary sensitization and to minimize the risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions in patients with this rare Rh phenotype, a modified strategy for pretransfusion screenings needs to be discussed in the field of transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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129
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Perry GH, Xue Y, Smith RS, Meyer WK, Çalışkan M, Yanez-Cuna O, Lee AS, Gutiérrez-Arcelus M, Ober C, Hollox EJ, Tyler-Smith C, Lee C. Evolutionary genetics of the human Rh blood group system. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1205-16. [PMID: 22367406 PMCID: PMC3378649 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary history of variation in the human Rh blood group system, determined by variants in the RHD and RHCE genes, has long been an unresolved puzzle in human genetics. Prior to medical treatments and interventions developed in the last century, the D-positive (RhD positive) children of D-negative (RhD negative) women were at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn, if the mother produced anti-D antibodies following sensitization to the blood of a previous D-positive child. Given the deleterious fitness consequences of this disease, the appreciable frequencies in European populations of the responsible RHD gene deletion variant (for example, 0.43 in our study) seem surprising. In this study, we used new molecular and genomic data generated from four HapMap population samples to test the idea that positive selection for an as-of-yet unknown fitness benefit of the RHD deletion may have offset the otherwise negative fitness effects of hemolytic disease of the newborn. We found no evidence that positive natural selection affected the frequency of the RHD deletion. Thus, the initial rise to intermediate frequency of the RHD deletion in European populations may simply be explained by genetic drift/founder effect, or by an older or more complex sweep that we are insufficiently powered to detect. However, our simulations recapitulate previous findings that selection on the RHD deletion is frequency dependent and weak or absent near 0.5. Therefore, once such a frequency was achieved, it could have been maintained by a relatively small amount of genetic drift. We unexpectedly observed evidence for positive selection on the C allele of RHCE in non-African populations (on chromosomes with intact copies of the RHD gene) in the form of an unusually high F( ST ) value and the high frequency of a single haplotype carrying the C allele. RhCE function is not well understood, but the C/c antigenic variant is clinically relevant and can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn, albeit much less commonly and severely than that related to the D-negative blood type. Therefore, the potential fitness benefits of the RHCE C allele are currently unknown but merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- George H. Perry
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801 USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yali Xue
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Richard S. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Wynn K. Meyer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Minal Çalışkan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Omar Yanez-Cuna
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
| | - Arthur S. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - María Gutiérrez-Arcelus
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Edward J. Hollox
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Charles Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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130
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De Vooght KMK, Demir AY, Folman CC, Schutgens REG, van Solinge WW, Kemperman H. Successful transfusion care for a patient with the Rhesus -D- phenotype and antibodies against Rh17 and two additional alloantibodies. Ann Hematol 2012; 91:963-4. [PMID: 21976107 PMCID: PMC3345120 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-011-1344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. K. De Vooght
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Y. Demir
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roger E. G. Schutgens
- Department of Haematology/Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W. van Solinge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kemperman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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131
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Mittendorf KF, Deatherage CL, Ohi MD, Sanders CR. Tailoring of membrane proteins by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. Biochemistry 2012; 51:5541-56. [PMID: 22708632 DOI: 10.1021/bi3007065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) of RNA is a key mechanism for diversification of the eukaryotic proteome. In this process, different mRNA transcripts can be produced through altered excision and/or inclusion of exons during processing of the pre-mRNA molecule. Since its discovery, AS has been shown to play roles in protein structure, function, and localization. Dysregulation of this process can result in disease phenotypes. Moreover, AS pathways are promising therapeutic targets for a number of diseases. Integral membrane proteins (MPs) represent a class of proteins that may be particularly amenable to regulation by alternative splicing because of the distinctive topological restraints associated with their folding, structure, trafficking, and function. Here, we review the impact of AS on MP form and function and the roles of AS in MP-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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132
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Roussel M, Poupel S, Nataf J, Juszczak G, Woimant G, Mailloux A, Menanteau C, Pham BN, Rouger P, Le Pennec PY, Peyrard T. RHD*DOL1andRHD*DOL2encode a partial D antigen and are in cis with the rareRHCE*ceBIallele in people of African descent. Transfusion 2012; 53:363-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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133
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Iyiola O, Igunnugbemi O, Bello O. Gene frequencies of ABO and Rh(D) blood group alleles in Lagos, South-West Nigeria. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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134
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Chen JM, Fichou Y, Jamet D, Dupont I, Cooper DN, Le Maréchal C, Férec C. Small deletions within theRHDcoding sequence: a report of two novel mutational events and a survey of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Transfusion 2012; 53:206-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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135
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Flatt JF, Musa RH, Ayob Y, Hassan A, Asidin N, Yahya NM, Mathlouthi R, Thornton N, Anstee DJ, Bruce LJ. Study of the D-- phenotype reveals erythrocyte membrane alterations in the absence of RHCE. Br J Haematol 2012; 158:262-273. [PMID: 22571328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Red cells with the D-- phenotype do not express the RHCE protein because of mutations in both alleles of the RHCE gene. At present, little is known of the effect this has on the normal function of erythrocytes. In this study a group of five families belonging to a nomadic tribe in Malaysia were identified as carriers of the D-- haplotype. Analysis of homozygous individuals' genomic DNA showed two separate novel mutations. In four of the families, RHCE exons 1, 9 and 10 were present, while the 5th family possessed RHCE exons 1-3 and 10. Analysis of cDNA revealed hybrid transcripts, suggesting a gene conversion event with RHD, consistent with previously reported D-- mutations. Immunoblotting analysis of D-- erythrocyte membrane proteins found that Rh-associated glycoprotein (RHAG) migrates with altered electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, consistent with increased glycosylation. Total amounts of Rh polypeptide in D-- membranes were comparable with controls, indicating that the exalted D antigen displayed by D-- red cells may be associated with altered surface epitope presentation. The adhesion molecules CD44 and CD47 are significantly reduced in D--. Together these results suggest that absence of RHCE polypeptide alters the structure and packing of the band 3/Rh macrocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - Rozi H Musa
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Ayob
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Afifah Hassan
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhanim Asidin
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul M Yahya
- Immunohaematology Division, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosalind Mathlouthi
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicole Thornton
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Anstee
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, N.H.S. Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
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136
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Yver A, Homery MC, Fuseau E, Guemas E, Dhainaut F, Quagliaroli D, Beliard R, Prost JF. Pharmacokinetics and safety of roledumab, a novel human recombinant monoclonal anti-RhD antibody with an optimized Fc for improved engagement of FCγRIII, in healthy volunteers. Vox Sang 2012; 103:213-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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137
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Due to Anti-c Isoimmunization: A Case Report. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012; 29:155-7. [PMID: 24426362 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-012-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rhesus (Rh) blood group is one of the most complex blood groups known in humans. It has remained of primary importance in obstetrics, being the main cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Anti-D causes the most severe form of HDN. Other Rh allo antibodies that are capable of causing severe HDN include anti-c, which clinically is the most important Rh antigen after the D antigen. We report a case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh anti-c in an infant of an Rh positive mother.
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138
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Emergency uncrossmatched transfusion effect on blood type alloantibodies. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 72:48-52; discussion 52-3. [PMID: 22310115 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31823f0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma patients receive emergency transfusions of unmatched Type O Rh-negative (Rh-) blood until matched blood is available. We hypothesized that patients given uncrossmatched blood may develop alloantibodies, placing them at risk for hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). METHODS Data regarding alloantibody profiles and HTR occurrence were collected from the records of trauma patients at our university-based trauma center who received emergency uncrossmatched blood from July 2008 to August 2010. RESULTS A total of 132 patients received 1,570 units of packed red blood cells. Mean injury severity score was 28 ± 1.3. Forty-five (34%) patients died: 27 on hospital day 1; the remaining 18 had no evidence of HTR before death. Four Rh- female patients received Rh+ fresh frozen plasma, but none received Rh+ packed red blood cells. Three Rh- male patients received both Rh+ packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma, and one received Rh+ fresh frozen plasma. One patient developed anti-Rh D antibodies. None experienced HTR. One female patient had HTR from reactivation of anamnestic JK antibodies. Thirteen (33%) of 39 patients met criteria for HTR based on urinalysis and 29 (40%) of 72 patients tested met criteria for HTR based on hemoglobin and bilirubin values. Only one patient had confirmed HTR. CONCLUSION High rates of injury recidivism in trauma patients increase the likelihood of multiple blood transfusions during their lifetime. Rh- patients who receive Rh+ blood are at risk of developing anti-Rh antibodies, putting them at risk for HTR. The conservation of Rh- blood for use in female patients may be detrimental to Rh- male patients. Laboratory diagnostic criteria for HTR are nonspecific in the trauma population and should be used with caution.
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139
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Moussa H, Tsochandaridis M, Chakroun T, Jridi S, Abdelneji B, Hmida S, Silvy M, Bailly P, Gabert J, Levy-Mozziconacci A, Jemni-Yacoub S. Molecular background of D-negative phenotype in the Tunisian population. Transfus Med 2012; 22:192-8. [PMID: 22420413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of the molecular basis of Rhesus D-negative phenotype have been conducted in Caucasian and African populations. A comprehensive survey of RHD alleles was lacking in people from North Africa (Tunisians, Moroccans and Algerians) which could be very efficient for managing donors and patients carrying an RHD molecular variant. We analyse the molecular background of D-negative population in Tunisia in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from native Tunisians. A total of 448 D-negative donors from different regions of Tunisia were analysed by RHD genotyping according to an adopted strategy using real-time PCR, ASP-PCR and sequencing. RESULTS Among the 448 D-negative samples, 443 were phenotyped unequivocally as true D-negative including three molecular backgrounds which were RHD gene deletion (n = 437), RHDψ pseudogene (n = 2) and RHD-CE-D hybrid gene (n = 4) with the respective frequencies of 0·9900, 0·0023 and 0·0046. The remaining five samples, in discordance with the serological results, were identified as two weak D type 11, one weak D type 29, one weak D type 4·0 and one DBT-1 partial D. CONCLUSION This study showed that the Tunisian population gets closer to Caucasians, given that the RHD gene deletion is the most prevalent cause of D-negative phenotype, but it is slightly different by the presence of the RHDψ pseudogene which was found with a very low frequency compared with that described in the African population. Nevertheless, the relative occurrence of weak D variants among studied serologically D-negative samples make necessary the adaptation of RHD genotyping strategy to the spectrum of prevalent alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moussa
- Unité de Recherche UR06SP05 Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine, Sousse, Tunisia
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140
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McGann PT, Despotovic JM, Howard TA, Ware RE. A novel laboratory technique demonstrating the influences of RHD zygosity and the RhCcEe phenotype on erythrocyte D antigen expression. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:266-71. [PMID: 22121029 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
D antigen is the most immunogenic and clinically relevant antigen within the complex Rh blood group system. Variability of D antigen expression was first described decades ago but has rarely been investigated quantitatively, particularly in the context of RHD zygosity along with RhCcEe serological phenotype. With IRB approval, 107 deidentified blood samples were analyzed. Rh phenotypes were determined serologically by saline technique using monoclonal antibodies against D, C, c, E, and e antigens. RHD zygosity was determined using both PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms and quantitative real-time PCR techniques. A novel and robust method was developed for quantitation of erythrocyte D antigen sites using calibrated microspheres and flow cytometry, allowing correlation of D antigen density with RHD zygosity and expression of Rh CcEe antigens. Subjects homozygous for RHD expressed nearly twice the number of D antigen sites compared with RHD hemizygotes (33,560 ± 8,222 for DD versus 17,720 ± 4,471 for Dd, P < 0.0001). Expression of c or E antigens was associated with significantly increased erythrocyte D antigen expression, whereas presence of C or e antigens reduced expression. These data and this novel quantitation method will be important for future studies investigating the clinical relevance of D antigen variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T McGann
- Baylor International Hematology Center of Excellence and the Texas Children's Center for Global Health, Houston, Texas, USA.
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141
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Silvy M, Chapel-Fernandes S, Callebaut I, Beley S, Durousseau C, Simon S, Lauroua P, Dubosc-Marchenay N, Babault C, Mouchet C, Ferrera V, Chiaroni J, Bailly P. Characterization of novel RHD alleles: relationship between phenotype, genotype, and trimeric architecture. Transfusion 2012; 52:2020-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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142
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Jarujamrus P, Tian J, Li X, Siripinyanond A, Shiowatana J, Shen W. Mechanisms of red blood cells agglutination in antibody-treated paper. Analyst 2012; 137:2205-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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143
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Cruz BR, Chiba AK, Moritz E, Bordin JO. RHD alleles in Brazilian blood donors with weak D or D-negative phenotypes. Transfus Med 2011; 22:84-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2011.01129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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144
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Blood Groups. Transfus Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781444398748.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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145
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Hamed CT, Bollahi MA, Abdelhamid I, Med Mahmoud MA, Ba B, Ghaber S, Habti N, Houmeida A. Frequencies and ethnic distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in Mauritania: results of first nationwide study. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 39:151-4. [PMID: 22128837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is no data available on the ABO/Rh(D) frequencies in the Mauritanian population. We retrospectively analysed records of a 5-year database that contained ABO/Rh phenotype and ethnic origin of 10 116 volunteers giving blood at the national blood transfusion centre to derive the frequencies of ABO/Rh(D) groups in the Mauritanian population. The two race categories in the country and their sub-ethnic groups: the Moors (whites and black) and the black Africans (Pulhars, Soninkes and Wolof) were included in this study. Globally, group O had the highest frequency (49.10%) followed by A (28.28%), B (18.56%) and AB (4.05%). This order more common in North African populations was found in four of the five ethnic groups composing our population. Allele frequencies were, respectively, 70.20%, 17.74% and 12.04% giving the same order of O > A > B. We observed no significant variation in these frequencies between the different ethnic groups. Rhesus study showed that with a percentage of 94.23% Rh(D) positive is by far the most prevalent, while Rh(D) negative is present only in 5.77% of the total population. This frequency distribution supports the mixed-race composition of the Mauritanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Hamed
- Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS), Nouakchott, Mauritanie
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146
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Din SMNE, ARamy AR, Ali MS. Correlation between the RhD genotyping and RhD serotyping in isoimmunized pregnancies. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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147
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Joehanes R, Johnson AD, Barb JJ, Raghavachari N, Liu P, Woodhouse KA, O'Donnell CJ, Munson PJ, Levy D. Gene expression analysis of whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and lymphoblastoid cell lines from the Framingham Heart Study. Physiol Genomics 2011; 44:59-75. [PMID: 22045913 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00130.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a growing number of reports of gene expression analysis from blood-derived RNA sources, there have been few systematic comparisons of various RNA sources in transcriptomic analysis or for biomarker discovery in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a pilot study of the Systems Approach to Biomarker Research (SABRe) in CVD Initiative, this investigation used Affymetrix Exon arrays to characterize gene expression of three blood-derived RNA sources: lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), whole blood using PAXgene tubes (PAX), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Their performance was compared in relation to identifying transcript associations with sex and CVD risk factors, such as age, high-density lipoprotein, and smoking status, and the differential blood cell count. We also identified a set of exons that vary substantially between participants, but consistently in each RNA source. Such exons are thus stable phenotypes of the participant and may potentially become useful fingerprinting biomarkers. In agreement with previous studies, we found that each of the RNA sources is distinct. Unlike PAX and PBMC, LCL gene expression showed little association with the differential blood count. LCL, however, was able to detect two genes related to smoking status. PAX and PBMC identified Y-chromosome probe sets similarly and slightly better than LCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roby Joehanes
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
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148
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Genetet S, Ripoche P, Picot J, Bigot S, Delaunay J, Armari-Alla C, Colin Y, Mouro-Chanteloup I. Human RhAG ammonia channel is impaired by the Phe65Ser mutation in overhydrated stomatocytic red cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C419-28. [PMID: 22012326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00092.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In red cells, Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) acts as an ammonia channel, as demonstrated by stopped-flow analysis of ghost intracellular pH (pH(i)) changes. Recently, overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (OHSt), a rare dominantly inherited hemolytic anemia, was found to be associated with a mutation (Phe65Ser or Ile61Arg) in RHAG. Ghosts from the erythrocytes of four of the OHSt patients with a Phe65Ser mutation were resealed with a pH-sensitive probe and submitted to ammonium gradients. Alkalinization rate constants, reflecting NH(3) transport through the channel and NH(3) diffusion unmediated by RhAG, were deduced from time courses of fluorescence changes. After subtraction of the constant value found for Rh(null) lacking RhAG, we observed that alkalinization rate constant values decreased ∼50% in OHSt compared with those of controls. Similar RhAG expression levels were found in control and OHSt. Since half of the expressed RhAG in OHSt most probably corresponds to the mutated form of RhAG, as expected from the OHSt heterozygous status, this dramatic decrease can be therefore related to the loss of function of the Phe65Ser-mutated RhAG monomer.
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149
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Narla A, Dutt S, McAuley JR, Al-Shahrour F, Hurst S, McConkey M, Neuberg D, Ebert BL. Dexamethasone and lenalidomide have distinct functional effects on erythropoiesis. Blood 2011; 118:2296-304. [PMID: 21527522 PMCID: PMC3162357 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-318543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids and lenalidomide decrease red blood cell transfusion dependence in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), respectively. We explored the effects of dexamethasone and lenalidomide, individually and in combination, on the differentiation of primary human bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro. Both agents promote erythropoiesis, increasing the absolute number of erythroid cells produced from normal CD34(+) cells and from CD34(+) cells with the types of ribosome dysfunction found in DBA and del(5q) MDS. However, the drugs had distinct effects on the production of erythroid progenitor colonies; dexamethasone selectively increased the number of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), whereas lenalidomide specifically increased colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E). Use of the drugs in combination demonstrated that their effects are not redundant. In addition, dexamethasone and lenalidomide induced distinct gene-expression profiles. In coculture experiments, we examined the role of the microenvironment in response to both drugs and found that the presence of macrophages, the central cells in erythroblastic islands, accentuated the effects of both agents. Our findings indicate that dexamethasone and lenalidomide promote different stages of erythropoiesis and support the potential clinical utility of combination therapy for patients with bone marrow failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Narla
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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150
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Hsu K, Lee TY, Chao HP, Chan YS, Lin YC, Lin M. Expression of the Rh/RhAG complex is reduced in Mi.III erythrocytes. Vox Sang 2011; 102:221-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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