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Kemper KJ. “Let there be light.” Research on phototherapy, light therapy, and photobiomodulation for healing – Alternative therapy becomes mainstream. Complement Ther Med 2018; 41:A1-A6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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102
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Hipskind SG, Grover FL, Fort TR, Helffenstein D, Burke TJ, Quint SA, Bussiere G, Stone M, Hurtado T. Pulsed Transcranial Red/Near-Infrared Light Therapy Using Light-Emitting Diodes Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Veterans with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series. Photomed Laser Surg 2018:pho.2018.4489. [PMID: 30418082 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2018.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans. BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using LEDs has been shown to have positive effects on TBI in humans and animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve symptomatic military Veterans diagnosed with chronic TBI >18 months post-trauma received pulsed transcranial PBMT (tPBMT) using two neoprene therapy pads containing 220 infrared and 180 red LEDs, generating a power output of 3.3 W and an average power density of 6.4 mW/cm2 for 20 min, thrice per week over 6 weeks. Outcome measures included standardized neuropsychological test scores and qualitative and quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). RESULTS Pulsed tPBMT significantly improved neuropsychological scores in 6 of 15 subscales (40.0%; p < 0.05; two tailed). SPECT analysis showed increase in rCBF in 8 of 12 (66.7%) study participants. Quantitative SPECT analysis revealed a significant increase in rCBF in this subgroup of study participants and a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment gamma ray counts per cubic centimeter [t = 3.77, df = 7, p = 0.007, 95% confidence interval (95,543.21-21,931.82)]. This is the first study to report quantitative SPECT analysis of rCBF in regions of interest following pulsed tPBMT with LEDs in TBI. CONCLUSIONS Pulsed tPBMT using LEDs shows promise in improving cognitive function and rCBF several years after TBI. Larger, controlled studies are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gregory Hipskind
- 1 Brain Injury Consulting, LLC , Department of Brain Research, Addison, Texas
- 2 InLight Medical , Medical Advisory Department, Addison, Texas
| | - Fred L Grover
- 3 Revolutionary MD , Department of Medical Research, Denver, Colorado
| | - T Richard Fort
- 4 CereScan Corporation , Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Dennis Helffenstein
- 5 Colorado Neuropsychological Associates , Testing Department, Englewood, Colorado
| | - Thomas J Burke
- 6 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Physiology (Retired) , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shane A Quint
- 4 CereScan Corporation , Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Garrett Bussiere
- 4 CereScan Corporation , Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Michael Stone
- 7 Veterans Administration Hospital , Department of Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Timothy Hurtado
- 8 Penrose-St. Francis Health Services , Emergency Department, Colorado Springs, Colorado
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Dalesio NM, Barreto Ortiz SF, Pluznick JL, Berkowitz DE. Olfactory, Taste, and Photo Sensory Receptors in Non-sensory Organs: It Just Makes Sense. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1673. [PMID: 30542293 PMCID: PMC6278613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory receptors that detect and respond to light, taste, and smell primarily belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. In addition to their established roles in the nose, tongue, and eyes, these sensory GPCRs have been found in many ‘non-sensory' organs where they respond to different physicochemical stimuli, initiating signaling cascades in these extrasensory systems. For example, taste receptors in the airway, and photoreceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells, both cause smooth muscle relaxation when activated. In addition, olfactory receptors are present within the vascular system, where they play roles in angiogenesis as well as in modulating vascular tone. By better understanding the physiological and pathophysiological roles of sensory receptors in non-sensory organs, novel therapeutic agents can be developed targeting these receptors, ultimately leading to treatments for pathological conditions and potential cures for various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Dalesio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sebastian F Barreto Ortiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Near-infrared photobiomodulation combined with coenzyme Q 10 for depression in a mouse model of restraint stress: reduction in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Brain Res Bull 2018; 144:213-222. [PMID: 30385146 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) combined with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on depressive-like behavior, cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis markers in mice. To induce a depressive-like model, mice were subjected to sub-chronic restraint stress for 5 consecutive days. NIR PBM (810 nm laser, 33.3 J/cm2) and/or CoQ10 (500 mg/kg/day, gavage) were administered for five days concomitantly with immobilization. Behavior was evaluated by the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open field test (OFT). Mitochondrial membrane potential as well as oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and markers of apoptosis were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). The serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cortisol, and corticosterone were also measured. PBM or CoQ10, or the combination, ameliorated depressive-like behaviors induced by restraint stress as indicated by decreased immobility time in both the FST and TST. PBM and/or CoQ10 treatments decreased lipid peroxidation and enhanced total antioxidant capacity (TAC), GSH levels, GPx and SOD activities in both brain areas. The neuroinflammatory response in the HIP and PFC was suppressed, as indicated by decreased NF-kB, p38, and JNK levels in PBM and/or CoQ10 groups. Intrinsic apoptosis biomarkers, BAX, Bcl-2, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 and -9, were also significantly down-regulated by both treatments. Furthermore, both treatments decreased the elevated serum levels of cortisol, corticosterone, TNF-α, and IL-6 induced by restraint stress. Transcranial NIR PBM and CoQ10 therapies may be effective antidepressant strategies for the prevention of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms induced by stress.
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105
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Cassano P, Petrie SR, Mischoulon D, Cusin C, Katnani H, Yeung A, De Taboada L, Archibald A, Bui E, Baer L, Chang T, Chen J, Pedrelli P, Fisher L, Farabaugh A, Hamblin MR, Alpert JE, Fava M, Iosifescu DV. Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. The ELATED-2 Pilot Trial. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:634-646. [PMID: 30346890 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2018.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our objective was to test the antidepressant effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared (NIR) light in subjects suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). Background: t-PBM with NIR light is a new treatment for MDD. NIR light is absorbed by mitochondria; it boosts cerebral metabolism, promotes neuroplasticity, and modulates endogenous opioids, while decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Materials and methods: We conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled study on the safety and efficacy [change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17) total score at end-point] of adjunct t-PBM NIR [823 nm; continuous wave (CW); 28.7 × 2 cm2; 36.2 mW/cm2; up to 65.2 J/cm2; 20-30 min/session], delivered to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilaterally and simultaneously, twice a week, for 8 weeks, in subjects with MDD. Baseline observation carried forward (BOCF), last observation carried forward (LOCF), and completers analyses were performed. Results: The effect size for the antidepressant effect of t-PBM, based on change in HAM-D17 total score at end-point, was 0.90, 0.75, and 1.5 (Cohen's d), respectively for BOCF (n = 21), LOCF (n = 19), and completers (n = 13). Further, t-PBM was fairly well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. Conclusions: t-PBM with NIR light demonstrated antidepressant properties with a medium to large effect size in patients with MDD. Replication is warranted, especially in consideration of the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cassano
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel R Petrie
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cristina Cusin
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Husam Katnani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Abigal Archibald
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Bui
- Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee Baer
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trina Chang
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin Chen
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paola Pedrelli
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Fisher
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Farabaugh
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan E Alpert
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Adult Psychopharmacology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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106
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LI W. Influence of Nursing Intervention on Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Patients Treated with ATP-infrared Bio-effect Technique. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:1511-1519. [PMID: 30524981 PMCID: PMC6277732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the influence of nursing intervention on recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) patients treated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-infrared bio-effect technique. METHODS Sixty eight RVVC patients of Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi were randomly divided into intervention group (n=34) and control group (n=34) from to June, 2016 to June 2017. Patients in intervention group received the one-to-one intervention based on ATP-infrared bio-effect technique; the individualized nursing intervention program was developed. Patients in control group were treated with routine nursing for vaginitis and follow-up. The intervention effect was evaluated via clinical efficacy and MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scale. RESULTS After the total course of treatment, there was significant difference in the cure rate between the two groups of patients (P<0.05). 1 month after all courses of treatment, the scores of physical functioning (PF), mental health (MH), vitality (V) and bodily pain (BP) in intervention group were higher than those in control group, displaying statistically significant differences (P=0.029; P=0.049; P=0.042; P=0.039, respectively). 6 months after the total course of treatment, the score of each dimension in intervention group was higher than that in control group during the same period (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Nursing intervention can increase the cure rate, change the adverse cognition and improve the quality of life of RVVC patients treated with ATP-infrared bio-effect technique.
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Cassano P, Dording C, Thomas G, Foster S, Yeung A, Uchida M, Hamblin MR, Bui E, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Iosifescu DV. Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light on sexual dysfunction. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 51:127-135. [PMID: 30221776 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) consists of the delivery of near-infrared (NIR) or red light to the scalp designed to penetrate to subjacent cortical areas of the brain. NIR t-PBM has recently emerged as a potential therapy for brain disorders. This study assessed the efficacy of repeated sessions of NIR t-PBM on sexual dysfunction. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a double-blind clinical trial on t-PBM for major depressive disorder (MDD). Twenty individuals received NIR t-PBM (n = 9) or sham therapy (n = 11) twice a week for 8 weeks. Sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm were assessed using the Systematic Assessment for Treatment-Emergent Effects-Specific Inquiry (SAFTEE-SI). RESULTS The mean improvement in sexual function (decrease in SAFTEE sex total score) in subjects receiving t-PBM in NIR-mode was significantly greater than in subjects receiving sham-mode in the whole sample (NIR [n = 9] -2.55 ± 1.88 vs. sham [n = 11] -0.45 ± 1.21; z = 2.548, P = 0.011]) and in the completers (NIR [n = 5] -3.4 ± 1.95 vs. sham [n = 7] -0.14 ± 1.21; z = 2.576, P = 0.010]). CONCLUSION This exploratory study with a small sample size indicates that repeated sessions of NIR t-PBM may be associated with therapeutic effects on sexual dysfunction. The latter appeared unrelated to the antidepressant effect of t-PBM in our cohort. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:127-135, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cassano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina Dording
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Garrett Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simmie Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mai Uchida
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
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Olsztyńska-Janus S, Kiełbowicz Z, Czarnecki MA. ATR-IR study of skin components: Lipids, proteins and water. Part II: Near infrared radiation effect. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 202:93-101. [PMID: 29778711 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) radiation has been widely used in medicine and biomedical engineering. In spite of numerous studies the molecular mechanism of NIR radiation on biological systems has not been established as yet. The objective of this work was examination of the effect of NIR irradiation on the skin components. Modifications of lipid organization after NIR exposure vs. temperature (from 20 to 90 °C) have been investigated using Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. This work is a continuation of our previous studies on the temperature effect on skin components [1]. After NIR exposure a temperature shift of the phase transition from the orthorhombic to hexagonal packing (≈40 °C) has been observed. In contrast, the second phase transition temperature (≈70 °C) is almost invariable. The phase transitions in lipids were correlated with modifications of the structure of water and proteins. To our knowledge, for the first time the temperatures of the phase transitions after NIR exposure were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olsztyńska-Janus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, pl. Grunwaldzki 13, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Z Kiełbowicz
- Department of Surgery the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M A Czarnecki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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109
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Zaizar ED, Gonzalez-Lima F, Telch MJ. Singular and combined effects of transcranial infrared laser stimulation and exposure therapy: A randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 72:95-102. [PMID: 30092284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This RCT will test whether transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) administered immediately following standard exposure therapy enhances the retention of fear extinction for naturally acquired pathological fear. A second aim is to investigate the efficacy of TILS as a stand-alone intervention for reducing pathological fear. Participants with elevated fear in any one of the following four domains: (a) fear of enclosed spaces, (b) fear of contamination, (c) fear of public speaking, or (d) fear of anxiety (i.e., anxiety sensitivity) will be recruited from introductory psychology classes and the greater Austin community. Participants displaying marked fear responding will be stratified on baseline fear responding and fear domain and randomized to one of four treatment arms: (1) Exposure + TILS, (2) Exposure + sham TILS, (3) TILS alone, or (4) Sham TILS alone. We anticipate that TILS will enhance exposure therapy outcome relative to sham TILS and that this enhancement effect will be most pronounced for (a) those displaying higher baseline fear responding, and (b) those showing greater fear reduction during exposure. Study rationale as well as additional predictions and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Zaizar
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Michael J Telch
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety Disorders, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
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110
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Long-Term Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation for Anxious Depression Complicated by Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 38:268-270. [PMID: 29601319 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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111
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Yoshizumi AM, Asis DG, Luz FA. Auricular Chromotherapy in the Treatment of Psychologic Trauma, Phobias, and Panic Disorder. Med Acupunct 2018; 30:151-154. [PMID: 29937969 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2018.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Auricular chromotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of psychologic trauma and anxiety disorders, such as phobias and panic attacks. With its relatively easy and quick technical application, this procedure could be an indispensable tool for physicians. However, its mechanism of action is not yet understood completely. Objective: To treat patients suffering from trauma, phobia, and panic attack with auricular chromotherapy. Materials and Methods: The protocol was applied in 160 patients (135 who experienced traumas; 15 patients with specific phobias and 10 patients with panic disorder). They are 134 women, 26 men, ages 20-60. Results: The treatment showed 93% of positive response. Conclusion: This procedure shows the possibility of drawing a path from the external ear to traumatic memories, anxiety disorders and phobias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Massao Yoshizumi
- Acupuncture Department, Associação Médica Brasileira de Acupuntura, São Paulo, Brazil.,Clinic Dr. Alexandre Yoshizumi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Andrade Luz
- Acupuncture Department, Associação Médica Brasileira de Acupuntura, São Paulo, Brazil
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112
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Santos JGRPD, Zaninotto ALC, Zângaro RA, Carneiro AMC, Neville IS, de Andrade AF, Teixeira MJ, Paiva WS. Effects of transcranial LED therapy on the cognitive rehabilitation for diffuse axonal injury due to severe acute traumatic brain injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:249. [PMID: 29690927 PMCID: PMC5916588 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate or regenerate tissue. It was discovered that near-infrared wavelengths (800-900 nm) and red (600 nm) light-emitting diodes (LED) are able to penetrate through the scalp and skull and have the potential to improve the subnormal cellular activity of compromised brain tissue. Different experimental and clinical studies were performed to test LED therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) with promising results. One of the proposals of this present study is to develop different approaches to maximize the positive effects of this therapy and improve the quality of life of TBI patients. METHODS/DESIGN This is a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) due to a severe TBI in an acute stage (less than 8 h). Thirty two patients will be randomized to active coil helmet and inactive coil (sham) groups in a 1:1 ratio. The protocol includes 18 sessions of transcranial LED stimulation (627 nm, 70 mW/cm2, 10 J/cm2) at four points of the frontal and parietal regions for 30 s each, totaling 120 s, three times per week for 6 weeks, lasting 30 min. Patients will be evaluated with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) before stimulation and 1, 3, and 6 months after the first stimulation. The study hypotheses are as follows: (1) transcranial LED therapy (TCLT) will improve the cognitive function of DAI patients and (2) TCLT will promote beneficial hemodynamic changes in cerebral circulation. DISCUSSION This study evaluates early and delayed effects of TCLT on the cognitive rehabilitation for DAI following severe acute TBI. There is a paucity of studies regarding the use of this therapy for cognitive improvement in TBI. There are some experimental studies and case series presenting interesting results for TBI cognitive improvement but no clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03281759 . Registered on 13 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gustavo Rocha Peixoto dos Santos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 255 Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar Av., São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | | | - Renato Amaro Zângaro
- Center for Innovation, Technology and Education (CITÉ) SJ dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-650 Brazil
| | | | - Iuri Santana Neville
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 255 Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar Av., São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Almir Ferreira de Andrade
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 255 Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar Av., São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 255 Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar Av., São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 255 Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar Av., São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
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Neuroprotective effect of a new photobiomodulation technique against Aβ 25-35 peptide-induced toxicity in mice: Novel hypothesis for therapeutic approach of Alzheimer's disease suggested. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:54-63. [PMID: 29955652 PMCID: PMC6021268 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Photobiomodulation was assessed as a novel treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the use of a new device RGn500 combining photonic and magnetic emissions in a mouse model of AD. Methods Following the injection of amyloid β 25-35 peptide in male Swiss mice, RGn500 was applied once a day for 7 days either on the top of the head or the center of abdomen or both. Results RGn500 daily application for 10 min produced a neuroprotective effect on the neurotoxic effects of amyloid β 25-35 peptide injection when this type of photobiomodulation was applied both on the head and on the abdomen. Protection was demonstrated by memory restoration and on the normalization of key markers of AD (amyloid β 1-42, pTau), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), apoptosis (Bax/Bcl2) and neuroinflammation. Discussion RGn500 displays therapeutic efficacy similar to other pharmacological approaches evaluated in this model of AD.
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Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6601-6636. [PMID: 29327206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (cytochrome c oxidase) and increase ATP synthesis. Moreover, light absorption by ion channels results in release of Ca2+ and leads to activation of transcription factors and gene expression. Brain PBM therapy enhances the metabolic capacity of neurons and stimulates anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant responses, as well as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Its therapeutic role in disorders such as dementia and Parkinson's disease, as well as to treat stroke, brain trauma, and depression has gained increasing interest. In the transcranial PBM approach, delivering a sufficient dose to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to exponential attenuation of light penetration in tissue. Alternative approaches such as intracranial and intranasal light delivery methods have been suggested to overcome this limitation. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of brain PBM therapy.
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Poiani GDCR, Zaninotto AL, Carneiro AMC, Zangaro RA, Salgado ASI, Parreira RB, de Andrade AF, Teixeira MJ, Paiva WS. Photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for patients with chronic traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial study protocol. Trials 2018; 19:17. [PMID: 29310710 PMCID: PMC5759360 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been tested as a new technique to optimize recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study is to evaluate inhibitory attentional control after 18 sessions of active LLLT and compare with the placebo group (sham LLLT). Our exploratory analysis will evaluate the efficacy of the active LLLT on verbal and visuospatial episodic memory, executive functions (working memory, verbal and visuospatial fluency, attentional processes), and anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to the sham group. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized double-blinded trial will be made in 36 patients with moderate and severe TBI. The active LLLT will use an optical device composed of LEDs emitting 632 nm of radiation at the site with full potency of 830 mW. The cranial region with an area of 400 cm2 will be irradiated for 30 min, giving a total dose per session of 3.74 J/cm2. The sham LLLT group contains only an LED device with power < 1 mW, only serving to simulate the irradiation. Each patient will be irradiated three times per week for six weeks, totaling 18 sessions. Neuropsychological assessments will be held one week before the beginning of the sessions, after one week, and three months after the end of LLLT sessions. Memory domain, attention, executive functioning, and visual construction will be evaluated, in addition to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social demographics. DISCUSSION LLLT has been demonstrated as a safe and effective technique in significantly improving the memory, attention, and mood performance in healthy and neurologic patients. We expect that our trial can complement previous finds, as an effective low-cost therapy to improve cognitive sequel after TBI. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02393079 . Registered on 20 February 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme da Cruz Ribeiro Poiani
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza Zaninotto
- Division of Psychology at Hospital of Clinics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Costa Carneiro
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Amaro Zangaro
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Innovation, Technology and Education - CTE, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo Borges Parreira
- Salgado Institute of Integral Health; School of Postural and Manual Therapy, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Almir Ferreira de Andrade
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wang X, Reddy DD, Nalawade SS, Pal S, Gonzalez-Lima F, Liu H. Impact of heat on metabolic and hemodynamic changes in transcranial infrared laser stimulation measured by broadband near-infrared spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:011004. [PMID: 28948191 PMCID: PMC5603720 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.1.011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) has shown effectiveness in improving human cognition and was investigated using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bb-NIRS) in our previous study, but the effect of laser heating on the actual bb-NIRS measurements was not investigated. To address this potential confounding factor, 11 human participants were studied. First, we measured time-dependent temperature increases on forehead skin using clinical-grade thermometers following the TILS experimental protocol used in our previous study. Second, a subject-averaged, time-dependent temperature alteration curve was obtained, based on which a heat generator was controlled to induce the same temperature increase at the same forehead location that TILS was delivered on each participant. Third, the same bb-NIRS system was employed to monitor hemodynamic and metabolic changes of forehead tissue near the thermal stimulation site before, during, and after the heat stimulation. The results showed that cytochrome-c-oxidase of forehead tissue was not significantly modified by this heat stimulation. Significant differences in oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and differential hemoglobin concentrations were observed during the heat stimulation period versus the laser stimulation. The study demonstrated a transient hemodynamic effect of heat-based stimulation distinct to that of TILS. We concluded that the observed effects of TILS on cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism are not induced by heating the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Divya D. Reddy
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Sahil S. Nalawade
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Suvra Pal
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Mathematics, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - F. Gonzalez-Lima
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Hanli Liu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
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Gabel CP, Petrie SR, Mischoulon D, Hamblin MR, Yeung A, Sangermano L, Cassano P. A case control series for the effect of photobiomodulation in patients with low back pain and concurrent depression. Laser Ther 2018; 27:167-173. [PMID: 32158062 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.27_18-or-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims To present incidental findings in patients with low back pain (LBP) who received photobiomodulation (PBM) administered to the back and thighs as an adjunct to physical therapy (PT) and then experienced improvement in concurrent depression. Materials and methods Five outpatients with LBP and concurrent self-reported depression were treated for LBP over five weeks with PT (5-sessions) and concurrent PBM (final 3-sessions), and retrospectively matched to five control patients treated with PT alone (5-sessions). The PBM device emitted light at 850nm and 660 nm with an irradiance of 100 mW/cm2 and fluence of 3 J/cm2 on 12 symmetrical posterior sites (thoracic, lumbar and thighs) for 30 sec/site. Results Both groups had non-significant differences in all baseline scores, except for higher functional status (ARGS) in the PBM-group (33.6 ± 12.2 vs.18.6 ± 3.6, t(8) = 2.638, p = 0.030). After treatment, the mean decrease in depression scores (OMSQ-12 item #6) was significantly larger in the PBM-group (43.0 ± 22.0 vs. 8.0 ± 5.7, t(8) = 3.449, p = 0.009). Improvement in functional status (ARGS) in the PBM-group was similar to that in the controls (42.0 ± 13.5 vs. 43.4 ± 11.1, t(8) = 0.179, p = 0.862), suggesting group differences in antidepressant effect were independent of functional status improvement. Conclusions This preliminary investigation suggests that an antidepressant effect may result from PBM to the back and thighs in patients with LBP and concurrent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel R Petrie
- Harvard Medical School, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - David Mischoulon
- Harvard Medical School, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Albert Yeung
- Harvard Medical School, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Lisa Sangermano
- Harvard Medical School, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Harvard Medical School, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1116:111-130. [PMID: 29956199 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The study examined the efficacy of low-level laser therapy, a form of photobiomodulation, for the treatment of irritability associated with autistic spectrum disorder in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years. Twenty-one of the 40 participants received eight 5-min procedures administered to the base of the skull and temporal areas across a 4-week period (test, i.e., active treatment participants). All the participants were evaluated with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), with the global scale and five subscales (irritability/agitation, lethargy/social withdrawal, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity/noncompliance, and inappropriate speech), and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale including a severity-of-illness scale (CGI-S) and a global improvement/change scale (CGI-C). The evaluation took place at baseline, week 2 (interim), week 4 (endpoint), and week 8 (post-procedure) of the study. The adjusted mean difference in the baseline to study endpoint change in the ABC irritability subscale score between test and placebo participants was -15.17 in favor of the test procedure group. ANCOVA analysis found this difference to be statistically significant (F = 99.34, p < 0.0001) compared to the baseline ABC irritability subscale score. The study found that low-level laser therapy could be an effective tool for reducing irritability and other symptoms and behaviors associated with the autistic spectrum disorder in children and adolescents, with positive changes maintained and augmented over time.
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Shanks S, Leisman G. Perspective on Broad-Acting Clinical Physiological Effects of Photobiomodulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1096:41-52. [PMID: 29572678 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research into photobiomodulation reveals beneficial effects of light therapy for a rapidly expanding list of medical conditions and illnesses. Although it has become more widely accepted by the mainstream medicine, the effects and mechanisms of action appear to be poorly understood. The therapeutic benefits of photobiomodulation using low-energy red lasers extend far beyond superficial applications, with a well-described physics allowing an understanding of how red lasers of certain optimum intensities may cross the cranium. We now have a model for explaining potential therapeusis for applications in functional neurology that include stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative conditions in addition to the currently approved functions in lipolysis, in onychomycosis treatment, and in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerry Leisman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. .,National Institute for Brain & Rehabilitation Sciences, Nazareth, Israel.
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Wang X, Tian F, Reddy DD, Nalawade SS, Barrett DW, Gonzalez-Lima F, Liu H. Up-regulation of cerebral cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemodynamics by transcranial infrared laser stimulation: A broadband near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3789-3802. [PMID: 28178891 PMCID: PMC5718323 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17691783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a noninvasive form of brain photobiomulation. Cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO), the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, is hypothesized to be the primary intracellular photoacceptor. We hypothesized that TILS up-regulates cerebral CCO and causes hemodynamic changes. We delivered 1064-nm laser stimulation to the forehead of healthy participants ( n = 11), while broadband near-infrared spectroscopy was utilized to acquire light reflectance from the TILS-treated cortical region before, during, and after TILS. Placebo experiments were also performed for accurate comparison. Time course of spectroscopic readings were analyzed and fitted to the modified Beer-Lambert law. With respect to the placebo readings, we observed (1) significant increases in cerebral concentrations of oxidized CCO (Δ[CCO]; >0.08 µM; p < 0.01), oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]; >0.8 µM; p < 0.01), and total hemoglobin (Δ[HbT]; >0.5 µM; p < 0.01) during and after TILS, and (2) linear interplays between Δ[CCO] versus Δ[HbO] and between Δ[CCO] versus Δ[HbT]. Ratios of Δ[CCO]/Δ[HbO] and Δ[CCO]/Δ[HbT] were introduced as TILS-induced metabolic-hemodynamic coupling indices to quantify the coupling strength between TILS-enhanced cerebral metabolism and blood oxygen supply. This study provides the first demonstration that TILS causes up-regulation of oxidized CCO in the human brain, and contributes important insight into the physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,2 Joint Graduate Program between University of Texas at Arlington and UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Fenghua Tian
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,2 Joint Graduate Program between University of Texas at Arlington and UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Divya D Reddy
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,2 Joint Graduate Program between University of Texas at Arlington and UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Sahil S Nalawade
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,2 Joint Graduate Program between University of Texas at Arlington and UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Douglas W Barrett
- 3 Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- 3 Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,2 Joint Graduate Program between University of Texas at Arlington and UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Lee HI, Lee SW, Kim NG, Park KJ, Choi BT, Shin YI, Shin HK. Low-level light emitting diode (LED) therapy suppresses inflammasome-mediated brain damage in experimental ischemic stroke. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1502-1513. [PMID: 28164443 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Use of photostimulation including low-level light emitting diode (LED) therapy has broadened greatly in recent years because it is compact, portable, and easy to use. Here, the effects of photostimulation by LED (610 nm) therapy on ischemic brain damage was investigated in mice in which treatment started after a stroke in a clinically relevant setting. The mice underwent LED therapy (20 min) twice a day for 3 days, commencing at 4 hours post-ischemia. LED therapy group generated a significantly smaller infarct size and improvements in neurological function based on neurologic test score. LED therapy profoundly reduced neuroinflammatory responses including neutrophil infiltration and microglia activation in the ischemic cortex. LED therapy also decreased cell death and attenuated the NLRP3 inflammasome, in accordance with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the ischemic brain. Moreover, the mice with post-ischemic LED therapy showed suppressed TLR-2 levels, MAPK signaling and NF-kB activation. These findings suggest that by suppressing the inflammasome, LED therapy can attenuate neuroinflammatory responses and tissue damage following ischemic stroke. Therapeutic interventions targeting the inflammasome via photostimulation with LED may be a novel approach to ameliorate brain injury following ischemic stroke. Effect of post-ischemic low-level light emitting diode therapy (LED-T) on infarct reduction was mediated by inflammasome suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Won Lee
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyun Kim
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul 137-867, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jun Park
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul 137-867, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Dong J, Xiong D. Applications of Light Emitting Diodes in Health Care. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:2509-2523. [PMID: 28948402 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have become the main light sources for general lighting, due to their high lumen efficiency and long life time. Moreover, their high bandwidth and the availability of diverse wavelength contents ranging from ultraviolet to infrared empower them with great controllability in tuning brightness, pulse durations and spectra. These parameters are the essential ingredients of the applications in medical imaging and therapies. Despite the fast advances in both LED technologies and their applications, few reviews have been seen to link the controllable emission properties of LEDs to these applications. The objective of this paper is to bridge this gap by reviewing the main control techniques of LEDs that enable creating enhanced lighting patterns for imaging and generating effective photon doses for photobiomodulation. This paper also provides the basic mechanisms behind the effective LED therapies in treating cutaneous and neurological diseases. The emerging field of optogenetics is also discussed with a focus on the application of LEDs. The multidisciplinary topics reviewed in this paper can help the researchers in LEDs, imaging, light therapy and optogenetics better understand the basic principles in each other's field; and hence to stimulate the application of LEDs in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Dong
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.
| | - Daxi Xiong
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
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Saltmarche AE, Naeser MA, Ho KF, Hamblin MR, Lim L. Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:432-441. [PMID: 28186867 PMCID: PMC5568598 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether patients with mild to moderately severe dementia or possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) with Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) Baseline scores of 10-24 would improve when treated with near-infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. BACKGROUND Animal studies have presented the potential of PBM for AD. Dysregulation of the brain's default mode network (DMN) has been associated with AD, presenting the DMN as an identifiable target for PBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used 810 nm, 10 Hz pulsed, light-emitting diode devices combining transcranial plus intranasal PBM to treat the cortical nodes of the DMN (bilateral mesial prefrontal cortex, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and hippocampus). Five patients with mild to moderately severe cognitive impairment were entered into 12 weeks of active treatment as well as a follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. Patients were assessed with the MMSE and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) tests. The protocol involved weekly, in-clinic use of a transcranial-intranasal PBM device; and daily at-home use of an intranasal-only device. RESULTS There was significant improvement after 12 weeks of PBM (MMSE, p < 0.003; ADAS-cog, p < 0.023). Increased function, better sleep, fewer angry outbursts, less anxiety, and wandering were reported post-PBM. There were no negative side effects. Precipitous declines were observed during the follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. This is the first completed PBM case series to report significant, cognitive improvement in mild to moderately severe dementia and possible AD cases. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that larger, controlled studies are warranted. PBM shows potential for home treatment of patients with dementia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret A. Naeser
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lew Lim
- Vielight, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Moro C, Torres N, Arvanitakis K, Cullen K, Chabrol C, Agay D, Darlot F, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. No evidence for toxicity after long-term photobiomodulation in normal non-human primates. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3081-3092. [PMID: 28744621 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the effects of a longer term application, up to 12 weeks, of photobiomodulation in normal, naïve macaque monkeys. Monkeys (n = 5) were implanted intracranially with an optical fibre device delivering photobiomodulation (red light, 670 nm) to a midline midbrain region. Animals were then aldehyde-fixed and their brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. In general, our results showed that longer term intracranial application of photobiomodulation had no adverse effects on the surrounding brain parenchyma or on the nearby dopaminergic cell system. We found no evidence for photobiomodulation generating an inflammatory glial response or neuronal degeneration near the implant site; further, photobiomodulation did not induce an abnormal activation or mitochondrial stress in nearby cells, nor did it cause an abnormal arrangement of the surrounding vasculature (endothelial basement membrane). Finally, because of our interest in Parkinson's disease, we noted that photobiomodulation had no impact on the number of midbrain dopaminergic cells and the density of their terminations in the striatum. In summary, we found no histological basis for any major biosafety concerns associated with photobiomodulation delivered by our intracranial approach and our findings set a key template for progress onto clinical trial on patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Moro
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Napoleon Torres
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Karen Cullen
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Australia
| | - Claude Chabrol
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Diane Agay
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fannie Darlot
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Australia.
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Salehpour F, Ahmadian N, Rasta SH, Farhoudi M, Karimi P, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Transcranial low-level laser therapy improves brain mitochondrial function and cognitive impairment in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:140-150. [PMID: 28735143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function plays a key role in the aging-related cognitive impairment, and photoneuromodulation of mitochondria by transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may contribute to its improvement. This study focused on the transcranial LLLT effects on the D-galactose (DG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment in mice. For this purpose, red and near-infrared (NIR) laser wavelengths (660 and 810 nm) at 2 different fluencies (4 and 8 J/cm2) at 10-Hz pulsed wave mode were administrated transcranially 3 d/wk in DG-received (500 mg/kg/subcutaneous) mice model of aging for 6 weeks. Spatial and episodic-like memories were assessed by the Barnes maze and What-Where-Which (WWWhich) tasks. Brain tissues were analyzed for mitochondrial function including active mitochondria, adenosine triphosphate, and reactive oxygen species levels, as well as membrane potential and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Apoptosis-related biomarkers, namely, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blotting method. Laser treatments at wavelengths of 660 and 810 nm at 8 J/cm2 attenuated DG-impaired spatial and episodic-like memories. Also, results showed an obvious improvement in the mitochondrial function aspects and modulatory effects on apoptotic markers in aged mice. However, same wavelengths at the fluency of 4 J/cm2 had poor effect on the behavioral and molecular indexes in aging model. This data indicates that transcranial LLLT at both of red and NIR wavelengths at the fluency of 8 J/cm2 has a potential to ameliorate aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadian
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Beneficial neurocognitive effects of transcranial laser in older adults. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1153-1162. [PMID: 28466195 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) at 1064 nm, 250 mW/cm2 has been proven safe and effective for increasing neurocognitive functions in young adults in controlled studies using photobiomodulation of the right prefrontal cortex. The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether there is any effect from TILS on neurocognitive function in older adults with subjective memory complaint at risk for cognitive decline (e.g., increased carotid artery intima-media thickness or mild traumatic brain injury). We investigated the cognitive effects of TILS in older adults (ages 49-90, n = 12) using prefrontal cortex measures of attention (psychomotor vigilance task (PVT)) and memory (delayed match to sample (DMS)), carotid artery intima-media thickness (measured by ultrasound), and evaluated the potential neural mechanisms mediating the cognitive effects of TILS using exploratory brain studies of electroencephalography (EEG, n = 6) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI, n = 6). Cognitive performance, age, and carotid artery intima-media thickness were highly correlated, but all participants improved in all cognitive measures after TILS treatments. Baseline vs. chronic (five weekly sessions, 8 min each) comparisons of mean cognitive scores all showed improvements, significant for PVT reaction time (p < 0.001), PVT lapses (p < 0.001), and DMS correct responses (p < 0.05). The neural studies also showed for the first time that TILS increases resting-state EEG alpha, beta, and gamma power and promotes more efficient prefrontal blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)-fMRI response. Importantly, no adverse effects were found. These preliminary findings support the use of TILS for larger randomized clinical trials with this non-invasive approach to augment neurocognitive function in older people to combat aging-related and vascular disease-related cognitive decline.
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128
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Tsai SR, Hamblin MR. Biological effects and medical applications of infrared radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2017; 170:197-207. [PMID: 28441605 PMCID: PMC5505738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760nm and 100,000nm. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy generally employs light at red and near-infrared wavelengths (600-100nm) to modulate biological activity. Many factors, conditions, and parameters influence the therapeutic effects of IR, including fluence, irradiance, treatment timing and repetition, pulsing, and wavelength. Increasing evidence suggests that IR can carry out photostimulation and photobiomodulation effects particularly benefiting neural stimulation, wound healing, and cancer treatment. Nerve cells respond particularly well to IR, which has been proposed for a range of neurostimulation and neuromodulation applications, and recent progress in neural stimulation and regeneration are discussed in this review. The applications of IR therapy have moved on rapidly in recent years. For example, IR therapy has been developed that does not actually require an external power source, such as IR-emitting materials, and garments that can be powered by body heat alone. Another area of interest is the possible involvement of solar IR radiation in photoaging or photorejuvenation as opposites sides of the coin, and whether sunscreens should protect against solar IR? A better understanding of new developments and biological implications of IR could help us to improve therapeutic effectiveness or develop new methods of PBM using IR wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ru Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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129
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Transcranial infrared laser stimulation improves rule-based, but not information-integration, category learning in humans. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 139:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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130
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Beneficial Effects of Transcranial Light Emitting Diode (LED) Therapy on Attentional Performance: An Experimental Design. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.44513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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131
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de la Torre JC. Treating cognitive impairment with transcranial low level laser therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:149-155. [PMID: 28219828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This report examines the potential of low level laser therapy (LLLT) to alter brain cell function and neurometabolic pathways using red or near infrared (NIR) wavelengths transcranially for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment. Although laser therapy on human tissue has been used for a number of medical conditions since the late 1960s, it is only recently that several clinical studies have shown its value in raising neurometabolic energy levels that can improve cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive abilities in humans. The rationale for this approach, as indicated in this report, is supported by growing evidence that neurodegenerative damage and cognitive impairment during advanced aging is accelerated or triggered by a neuronal energy crisis generated by brain hypoperfusion. We have previously proposed that chronic brain hypoperfusion in the elderly can worsen in the presence of one or more vascular risk factors, including hypertension, cardiac disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes type 2. Although many unanswered questions remain, boosting neurometabolic activity through non-invasive transcranial laser biostimulation of neuronal mitochondria may be a valuable tool in preventing or delaying age-related cognitive decline that can lead to dementia, including its two major subtypes, Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. The technology to achieve significant improvement of cognitive dysfunction using LLLT or variations of this technique is moving fast and may signal a new chapter in the treatment and prevention of neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C de la Torre
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712-0187, United States.
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Giordano J, Bikson M, Kappenman ES, Clark VP, Coslett HB, Hamblin MR, Hamilton R, Jankord R, Kozumbo WJ, McKinley RA, Nitsche MA, Reilly JP, Richardson J, Wurzman R, Calabrese E. Mechanisms and Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325816685467. [PMID: 28210202 PMCID: PMC5302097 DOI: 10.1177/1559325816685467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The US Air Force Office of Scientific Research convened a meeting of researchers in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, engineering, and medicine to discuss most pressing issues facing ongoing research in the field of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and related techniques. In this study, we present opinions prepared by participants of the meeting, focusing on the most promising areas of research, immediate and future goals for the field, and the potential for hormesis theory to inform tDCS research. Scientific, medical, and ethical considerations support the ongoing testing of tDCS in healthy and clinical populations, provided best protocols are used to maximize safety. Notwithstanding the need for ongoing research, promising applications include enhancing vigilance/attention in healthy volunteers, which can accelerate training and support learning. Commonly, tDCS is used as an adjunct to training/rehabilitation tasks with the goal of leftward shift in the learning/treatment effect curves. Although trials are encouraging, elucidating the basic mechanisms of tDCS will accelerate validation and adoption. To this end, biomarkers (eg, clinical neuroimaging and findings from animal models) can support hypotheses linking neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral effects. Dosage can be optimized using computational models of current flow and understanding dose–response. Both biomarkers and dosimetry should guide individualized interventions with the goal of reducing variability. Insights from other applied energy domains, including ionizing radiation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and low-level laser (light) therapy, can be prudently leveraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - H Branch Coslett
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Jankord
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | | | - R Andrew McKinley
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environmental and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Richardson
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Wurzman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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133
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Mintzopoulos D, Gillis TE, Tedford CE, Kaufman MJ. Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Cerebral Bioenergetics Measured with Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:395-400. [PMID: 28186868 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral photobiomodulation (PBM) improves mood and cognition. Cerebral metabolic enhancement is a mechanism proposed to underlie PBM effects. No PBM studies to date have applied phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS), which can be used to assess metabolic intermediates such as phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate, the latter of which is elevated by PBM. Accordingly, we used 9.4 Tesla 31P MRS to characterize effects of single and repeat cerebral PBM treatments on metabolism. PBM was delivered to healthy adult beagles in the form of transcranial laser treatment (TLT) at a wavelength of 808 nm, which passes safely through the skull and activates cytochrome C oxidase, a mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. METHODS Isoflurane-anesthetized subjects (n = 4) underwent a baseline 31P MRS scan followed by TLT applied sequentially for 2 min each to anterior and posterior cranium midline locations, to irradiate the dorsal cortex. Subjects then underwent 31P MRS scans for 2 h to assess acute TLT effects. After 2 weeks of repeat TLT (3 times/week), subjects were scanned again with 31P MRS to characterize effects of repeat TLT. RESULTS TLT did not induce acute 31P MRS changes over the course of 2 h in either scan session. However, after repeat TLT, the baseline PCr/β-nucleoside triphosphate ratio was higher than the scan 1 baseline (p < 0.0001), an effect attributable to increased PCr level (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with reports that bioenergetic effects of PBM can take several hours to evolve. Thus, in vivo 31P MRS may be useful for characterizing bioenergetic effects of PBM in brain and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy E Gillis
- 1 McLean Imaging Center , McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marc J Kaufman
- 1 McLean Imaging Center , McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
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134
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Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low level laser therapy (tLLLT) relies on the use of red/NIR light to stimulate, preserve and regenerate cells and tissues. The mechanism of action involves photon absorption in the mitochondria (cytochrome c oxidase), and ion channels in cells leading to activation of signaling pathways, up-regulation of transcription factors, and increased expression of protective genes. We have studied PBM for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice using a NIR laser spot delivered to the head. Mice had improved memory and learning, increased neuroprogenitor cells in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone, increased BDNF and more synaptogenesis in the cortex. These highly beneficial effects on the brain suggest that the applications of tLLLT are much broader than at first conceived. Other groups have studied stroke (animal models and clinical trials), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and cognitive enhancement in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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135
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Henderson TA, Morries LD. Multi-Watt Near-Infrared Phototherapy for the Treatment of Comorbid Depression: An Open-Label Single-Arm Study. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:187. [PMID: 29033859 PMCID: PMC5627142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of depression has been hampered by low efficacy of antidepressant medications and safety concerns with alternative modalities. Recent work demonstrated that multi-Watt transcranial near-infrared light therapy (NILT) can effectively treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). The current objective is to explore multi-Watt NILT efficacy in a proof-of-concept study as a treatment for depression. METHODS Thirty-nine sequential patients treated for TBI between March 2013 and May 2017 provided depression self-assessment data and/or were administered the Hamilton depression rating scale. Each completed the Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology-Self Report (QIDS) before and after treatment. Patients received multi-Watt NILT using near-infrared lasers (810/980 nm at 8-15 W) applied to forehead and temporal regions bilaterally for 9-12 min to each area. Pre- and posttreatment scores were analyzed by paired t-tests. RESULTS All met QIDS criteria for mild to severe depression and 69% had prior antidepressant trials. For 36 of the 39 patients, after 16.82 ± 6.26 treatments, QIDS scores indicated a robust response (decrease of QIDS total score by ≥50%). For 32 of 39 patients, posttreatment QIDS scores indicated a remission from depression (decrease of QIDS total score ≤5). Overall, the QIDS score fell from 14.10 ± 3.39 to 3.41 ± 3.30 SD (p = 6.29 × 10-19). With 12 or fewer treatments, QIDS score dropped from 14.83 ± 2.55 to 4.17 ± 3.93. Patients receiving ≥13 treatments showed a change in QIDS score from 13.67 ± 3.64 to 3.11 ± 3.14. Those (N = 15) who received the entire treatment course within ≤8 weeks (5.33 ± 1.72 weeks) showed a change in QIDS score from 13.86 ± 3.14 to 4.5 ± 3.94. Suicidal ideation resolved in all, but two patients. Patients remained in remission for up to 55 months after a single course of treatment. CONCLUSION This is the first report of high-powered NILT showing efficacy for depression. Multi-Watt NILT showed far greater efficacy and persistent benefit compared to low-power (<1 Watt) infrared light treatments. Patients saw benefit often within four treatments and resolution of depressive symptoms occurred within 4 weeks for some. These data raise an intriguing possibility-that multi-Watt NILT may be a safe, effective, and rapid treatment for depression comorbid with TBI and possibly primary major depression disorder. A double-blind, placebo controlled trial is warranted to verify these proof-of-concept data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Henderson
- Neuro-Laser Foundation, Centennial, CO, United States.,The Synaptic Space Inc., Centennial, CO, United States.,Neuro-Luminance Inc., Centennial, CO, United States.,Dr. Theodore Henderson, Inc., Centennial, CO, United States
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136
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Lee HI, Park JH, Park MY, Kim NG, Park KJ, Choi BT, Shin YI, Shin HK. Pre-conditioning with transcranial low-level light therapy reduces neuroinflammation and protects blood-brain barrier after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 34:201-14. [PMID: 26889965 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcranial low-level light therapy (LLLT) has gained interest as a non-invasive, inexpensive and safe method of modulating neurological and psychological functions in recent years. This study was designed to examine the preventive effects of LLLT via visible light source against cerebral ischemia at the behavioral, structural and neurochemical levels. METHODS The mice received LLLT twice a day for 2 days prior to photothrombotic cortical ischemia. RESULTS LLLT significantly reduced infarct size and edema and improved neurological and motor function 24 h after ischemic injury. In addition, LLLT markedly inhibited Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cells, which was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators and inhibition of MAPK activation and NF-κB translocation in the ischemic cortex. Concomitantly, LLLT significantly attenuated leukocyte accumulation and infiltration into the infarct perifocal region. LLLT also prevented BBB disruption after ischemic events, as indicated by a reduction of Evans blue leakage and water content. These findings were corroborated by immunofluorescence staining of the tight junction-related proteins in the ischemic cortex in response to LLLT. CONCLUSIONS Non-invasive intervention of LLLT in ischemic brain injury may provide a significant functional benefit with an underlying mechanism possibly being suppression of neuroinflammation and reduction of BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyun Kim
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jun Park
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ii Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National UniversityYangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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137
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Naeser MA, Martin PI, Ho MD, Krengel MH, Bogdanova Y, Knight JA, Yee MK, Zafonte R, Frazier J, Hamblin MR, Koo BB. Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:610-626. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Naeser
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula I. Martin
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D. Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maxine H. Krengel
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yelena Bogdanova
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A. Knight
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Behavioral Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan K. Yee
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judith Frazier
- TBI Research Program, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bang-Bon Koo
- Boston University Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts
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138
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Ottoboni G, Iacono M, Chattat R. Body-oriented techniques, affect and body consciousness. BODY MOVEMENT AND DANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2016.1188153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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139
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Shining light on the head: Photobiomodulation for brain disorders. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:113-124. [PMID: 27752476 PMCID: PMC5066074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of dying. One of the organ systems of the human body that is most necessary to life, and whose optimum functioning is most worried about by humankind in general, is the brain. The brain suffers from many different disorders that can be classified into three broad groupings: traumatic events (stroke, traumatic brain injury, and global ischemia), degenerative diseases (dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), and psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder). There is some evidence that all these seemingly diverse conditions can be beneficially affected by applying light to the head. There is even the possibility that PBM could be used for cognitive enhancement in normal healthy people. In this transcranial PBM (tPBM) application, near-infrared (NIR) light is often applied to the forehead because of the better penetration (no hair, longer wavelength). Some workers have used lasers, but recently the introduction of inexpensive light emitting diode (LED) arrays has allowed the development of light emitting helmets or "brain caps". This review will cover the mechanisms of action of photobiomodulation to the brain, and summarize some of the key pre-clinical studies and clinical trials that have been undertaken for diverse brain disorders.
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140
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Interplay between up-regulation of cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemoglobin oxygenation induced by near-infrared laser. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30540. [PMID: 27484673 PMCID: PMC4971496 DOI: 10.1038/srep30540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation, also known as low-level laser/light therapy (LLLT), refers to the use of red-to-near-infrared light to stimulate cellular functions for physiological or clinical benefits. The mechanism of LLLT is assumed to rely on photon absorption by cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen for energy metabolism. In this study, we used broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure the LLLT-induced changes in CCO and hemoglobin concentrations in human forearms in vivo. Eleven healthy participants were administered with 1064-nm laser and placebo treatments on their right forearms. The spectroscopic data were analyzed and fitted with wavelength-dependent, modified Beer-Lambert Law. We found that LLLT induced significant increases of CCO concentration (Δ[CCO]) and oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbO]) on the treated site as the laser energy dose accumulated over time. A strong linear interplay between Δ[CCO] and Δ[HbO] was observed for the first time during LLLT, indicating a hemodynamic response of oxygen supply and blood volume closely coupled to the up-regulation of CCO induced by photobiomodulation. These results demonstrate the tremendous potential of broadband NIRS as a non-invasive, in vivo means to study mechanisms of photobiomodulation and perform treatment evaluations of LLLT.
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141
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Ghaedi B, Andrew NR. The physiological consequences of varied heat exposure events in adult Myzus persicae: a single prolonged exposure compared to repeated shorter exposures. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2290. [PMID: 27547583 PMCID: PMC4975027 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of environmental stress tolerance in aphids has primarily been at low temperatures. In these cases, and in the rare cases of high temperature tolerance assessments, all exposures had been during a single stress event. In the present study, we examined the physiological consequences of repeated high temperature exposure with recovery periods between these stress events in Myzus persicae. We subjected individuals to either a single prolonged three hour heating event, or three one hour heating events with a recovery time of 24 h between bouts. Aphids exposed to repeated bouts of high temperatures had more glucose and higher expression of proteins and osmolyte compounds, such as glycerol, compared to the prolonged exposure group. However, aphids exposed to the repeated high temperature treatment had reduced sources of energy such as trehalose and triglyceride compounds than the prolonged exposure group. Recovery time had more physiological costs (based on production of more protein and consumption of more trehalose and triglyceride) and benefits (based on production of more osmolytes) in repeated high temperature treatments. As aphids are known to respond differently to constant versus ‘natural’ fluctuating temperature regimes, conclusions drawn from constant temperature data sets may be problematic. We suggest future experiments assessing insect responses to thermal stress incorporate a repeated stress and recovery pattern into their methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ghaedi
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England , Armidale , NSW , Australia
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England , Armidale , NSW , Australia
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142
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Lee JH, Chang SY, Moy WJ, Oh C, Kim SH, Rhee CK, Ahn JC, Chung PS, Jung JY, Lee MY. Simultaneous bilateral laser therapy accelerates recovery after noise-induced hearing loss in a rat model. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2252. [PMID: 27547558 PMCID: PMC4963219 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss is a common type of hearing loss. The effects of laser therapy have been investigated from various perspectives, including in wound healing, inflammation reduction, and nerve regeneration, as well as in hearing research. A promising feature of the laser is its capability to penetrate soft tissue; depending on the wavelength, laser energy can penetrate into the deepest part of the body without damaging non-target soft tissues. Based on this idea, we developed bilateral transtympanic laser therapy, which uses simultaneous laser irradiation in both ears, and evaluated the effects of bilateral laser therapy on cochlear damage caused by noise overexposure. Thus, the purpose of this research was to assess the benefits of simultaneous bilateral laser therapy compared with unilateral laser therapy and a control. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to narrow-band noise at 115 dB SPL for 6 h. Multiple auditory brainstem responses were measured after each laser irradiation, and cochlear hair cells were counted after the 15th such irradiation. The penetration depth of the 808 nm laser was also measured after sacrifice. Approximately 5% of the laser energy reached the contralateral cochlea. Both bilateral and unilateral laser therapy decreased the hearing threshold after noise overstimulation in the rat model. The bilateral laser therapy group showed faster functional recovery at all tested frequencies compared with the unilateral laser therapy group. However, there was no difference in the endpoint ABR results or final hair cell survival, which was analyzed histologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea , Cheonan , South Korea
| | - So-Young Chang
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea , Cheonan , South Korea
| | - Wesley J Moy
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California , Irvine , CA , United States
| | - Connie Oh
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California , Irvine , CA , United States
| | - Se-Hyung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine , Jeju , South Korea
| | - Chung-Ku Rhee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan , South Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan , South Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan , South Korea
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143
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Mohammed HS. Transcranial low-level infrared laser irradiation ameliorates depression induced by reserpine in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1651-1656. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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144
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Salehpour F, Rasta SH, Mohaddes G, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Salarirad S. Therapeutic effects of 10-HzPulsed wave lasers in rat depression model: A comparison between near-infrared and red wavelengths. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:695-705. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Physics; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Bioengineering; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Physics; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 5DT United Kingdom
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Sima Salarirad
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 5DT United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
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145
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Cassano P, Petrie SR, Hamblin MR, Henderson TA, Iosifescu DV. Review of transcranial photobiomodulation for major depressive disorder: targeting brain metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurogenesis. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:031404. [PMID: 26989758 PMCID: PMC4777909 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.3.031404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We examined the use of near-infrared and red radiation (photobiomodulation, PBM) for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). While still experimental, preliminary data on the use of PBM for brain disorders are promising. PBM is low-cost with potential for wide dissemination; further research on PBM is sorely needed. We found clinical and preclinical studies via PubMed search (2015), using the following keywords: "near-infrared radiation," "NIR," "low-level light therapy," "low-level laser therapy," or "LLLT" plus "depression." We chose clinically focused studies and excluded studies involving near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, we used PubMed to find articles that examine the link between PBM and relevant biological processes including metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurogenesis. Studies suggest the processes aforementioned are potentially effective targets for PBM to treat depression. There is also clinical preliminary evidence suggesting the efficacy of PBM in treating MDD, and comorbid anxiety disorders, suicidal ideation, and traumatic brain injury. Based on the data collected to date, PBM appears to be a promising treatment for depression that is safe and well-tolerated. However, large randomized controlled trials are still needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of this new treatment for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cassano
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Depression Clinical and Research Program, One Bowdoin Square, 6th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Park Drive, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paolo Cassano, E-mail:
| | - Samuel R. Petrie
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Depression Clinical and Research Program, One Bowdoin Square, 6th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Theodore A. Henderson
- Synaptic Space, 3979 East Arapahoe Road, Littleton, Colorado 80122, United States
- Neuro-Laser Foundation, Suite 420, 215 South Wadsworth, Lakewood, Colorado 80226, United States
| | - Dan V. Iosifescu
- Mount Sinai Medical School, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Mount Sinai Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States
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146
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Hwang J, Castelli DM, Gonzalez-Lima F. Cognitive enhancement by transcranial laser stimulation and acute aerobic exercise. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1151-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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147
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Disner SG, Beevers CG, Gonzalez-Lima F. Transcranial Laser Stimulation as Neuroenhancement for Attention Bias Modification in Adults with Elevated Depression Symptoms. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:780-787. [PMID: 27267860 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level light therapy (LLLT) with transcranial laser is a non-invasive form of neuroenhancement shown to regulate neuronal metabolism and cognition. Attention bias modification (ABM) is a cognitive intervention designed to improve depression by decreasing negative attentional bias, but to date its efficacy has been inconclusive. Adjunctive neuroenhancement to augment clinical effectiveness has shown promise, particularly for individuals who respond positively to the primary intervention. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS This randomized, sham-controlled proof-of-principle study is the first to test the hypothesis that augmentative LLLT will improve the effects of ABM among adults with elevated symptoms of depression. METHODS Fifty-one adult participants with elevated symptoms of depression received ABM before and after laser stimulation and were randomized to one of three conditions: right forehead, left forehead, or sham. Participants repeated LLLT two days later and were assessed for depression symptoms one and two weeks later. RESULTS A significant three-way interaction between LLLT condition, ABM response, and time indicated that right LLLT led to greater symptom improvement among participants whose attention was responsive to ABM (i.e., attention was directed away from negative stimuli). Minimal change in depression was observed in the left and sham LLLT. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of ABM on depression symptoms may be enhanced when paired with adjunctive interventions such as right prefrontal LLLT; however, cognitive response to ABM likely moderates the impact of neuroenhancement. The results suggest that larger clinical trials examining the efficacy of using photoneuromodulation to augment cognitive training are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth G Disner
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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148
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Liebert AD, Chow RT, Bicknell BT, Varigos E. Neuroprotective Effects Against POCD by Photobiomodulation: Evidence from Assembly/Disassembly of the Cytoskeleton. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:1-19. [PMID: 26848276 PMCID: PMC4737522 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s33444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in memory following anaesthesia and surgery in elderly patients. While often reversible, it consumes medical resources, compromises patient well-being, and possibly accelerates progression into Alzheimer's disease. Anesthetics have been implicated in POCD, as has neuroinflammation, as indicated by cytokine inflammatory markers. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effective treatment for a number of conditions, including inflammation. PBM also has a direct effect on microtubule disassembly in neurons with the formation of small, reversible varicosities, which cause neural blockade and alleviation of pain symptoms. This mimics endogenously formed varicosities that are neuroprotective against damage, toxins, and the formation of larger, destructive varicosities and focal swellings. It is proposed that PBM may be effective as a preconditioning treatment against POCD; similar to the PBM treatment, protective and abscopal effects that have been demonstrated in experimental models of macular degeneration, neurological, and cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta T. Chow
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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149
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Tian F, Hase SN, Gonzalez-Lima F, Liu H. Transcranial laser stimulation improves human cerebral oxygenation. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:343-9. [PMID: 26817446 PMCID: PMC5066697 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Transcranial laser stimulation of the brain with near‐infrared light is a novel form of non‐invasive photobiomodulation or low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) that has shown therapeutic potential in a variety of neurological and psychological conditions. Understanding of its neurophysiological effects is essential for mechanistic study and treatment evaluation. This study investigated how transcranial laser stimulation influences cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in the human brain in vivo using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Materials and Methods Two separate experiments were conducted in which 1,064‐nm laser stimulation was administered at (1) the center and (2) the right side of the forehead, respectively. The laser emitted at a power of 3.4 W and in an area of 13.6 cm2, corresponding to 0.25 W/cm2 irradiance. Stimulation duration was 10 minutes. Nine healthy male and female human participants of any ethnic background, in an age range of 18–40 years old were included in each experiment. Results In both experiments, transcranial laser stimulation induced an increase of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbO2]) and a decrease of deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Δ[Hb]) in both cerebral hemispheres. Improvements in cerebral oxygenation were indicated by a significant increase of differential hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbD] = Δ[HbO2] − Δ[Hb]). These effects increased in a dose‐dependent manner over time during laser stimulation (10 minutes) and persisted after laser stimulation (6 minutes). The total hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbT] = Δ[HbO2] + Δ[Hb]) remained nearly unchanged in most cases. Conclusion Near‐infrared laser stimulation applied to the forehead can transcranially improve cerebral oxygenation in healthy humans. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:343–349, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, 76010
| | - Snehal N Hase
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, 76010
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, 76010
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150
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Johnstone DM, Moro C, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. Turning On Lights to Stop Neurodegeneration: The Potential of Near Infrared Light Therapy in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:500. [PMID: 26793049 PMCID: PMC4707222 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are the two most common neurodegenerative disorders. They develop after a progressive death of many neurons in the brain. Although therapies are available to treat the signs and symptoms of both diseases, the progression of neuronal death remains relentless, and it has proved difficult to slow or stop. Hence, there is a need to develop neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatments that stabilize this degeneration. Red to infrared light therapy (λ = 600-1070 nm), and in particular light in the near infrared (NIr) range, is emerging as a safe and effective therapy that is capable of arresting neuronal death. Previous studies have used NIr to treat tissue stressed by hypoxia, toxic insult, genetic mutation and mitochondrial dysfunction with much success. Here we propose NIr therapy as a neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
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