101
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Photophysical changes of thionine dye with folic acid capped gold nanoparticles by spectroscopic approach and its in vitro cytotoxicity towards A-549 lung cancer cells. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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102
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Stankevicius V, Vasauskas G, Rynkeviciene R, Venius J, Pasukoniene V, Aleknavicius E, Suziedelis K. Microenvironment and Dose-Delivery-Dependent Response after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Radiat Res 2017; 188:291-302. [PMID: 28686531 DOI: 10.1667/rr14658.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A significant body of knowledge about radiobiology is based on studies of single dose cellular irradiation, despite the fact that conventional clinical applications using dose fractionation. In addition, cellular radiation response strongly depends on cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, which are poorly established in cancer cells grown under standard 2D cell culture conditions. In this study, we investigated the response of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) DLD1 and HT29 cell lines, bearing distinct p53 mutations, to a single 2 or 10 Gy dose or fractionated 5 × 2 Gy doses of radiation using global transcriptomics analysis. To examine cellular response to radiation in a cell-ECM-interaction-dependent manner, CRC cells were grown under laminin-rich ECM 3D cell culture conditions. Microarray data analysis revealed that, overall, a total of 1,573 and 935 genes were differentially expressed (fold change >1.5; P < 0.05) in DLD1 and HT29 cells, respectively, at 4 h postirradiation. However, compared to a single dose of radiation, fractionated doses resulted in significantly different transcriptomic response in both CRC cell lines. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis indicated that p53 pathway and cell cycle/DNA damage repair or immune response functional categories were most significantly altered in DLD1 or HT29 cells, respectively, after fractionated irradiations. Novel observations of radiation-response-mediated activation of pro-survival pathways in CRC cells grown under lr-ECM 3D cell culture conditions using fractionated doses provide new directions for the development of more efficient radiotherapy strategies. Our results also indicated that cell line specific radiation response with or without activation of the conventional p53 pathway is ECM dependent, suggesting that the ECM is a key component in cellular radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidotas Stankevicius
- a National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.,b Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,c Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardas Aleknavicius
- a National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.,d Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Physics of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Suziedelis
- a National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.,c Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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103
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Xie Y, Si J, Wang Y, Li H, Di C, Yan J, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. E2F is involved in radioresistance of carbon ion induced apoptosis via Bax/caspase 3 signal pathway in human hepatoma cell. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1312-1320. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Pei Wang
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
- Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Yan Li
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
- Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cui‐Xia Di
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
| | - Jun‐Fang Yan
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
- Graduate School of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and MedicineInstitute of Modern PhysicsLanzhouGansuChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in MedicineGansu ProvinceLanzhouChina
- Gansu Wuwei Tumor HospitalWuweiChina
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104
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Borhani S, Mozdarani H, Babalui S, Bakhshandeh M, Nosrati H. In Vitro Radiosensitizing Effects of Temozolomide on U87MG Cell Lines of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:258-265. [PMID: 28533574 PMCID: PMC5429494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been used with irradiation (IR) to treat gliomas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effect of TMZ when combined with high-dose and high-dose rate of gamma irradiation in vitro. METHODS Two 'U87MG' cell lines and skin fibroblast were cultured and assigned to five groups for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The groups were namely, TMZ group (2000 μM/L), IR group (5 Gy), TMZ plus IR group, control group, and control solvent group. MTT assay was applied to evaluate cell viability. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The slope of growth curve U87MG cells in semi-logarithmic scale was equal to 27.36±0.89 hours. The viability of cells was determined for different TMZ and IR treatment groups. In terms of cell viability, there were no significant differences between the control and control solvent groups (P=0.35) and between treated group by IR (5 Gy) alone and TMZ (2000 µM/ml) alone (P=0.15). Data obtained for the cell viability of combined TMZ plus IR in both cell lines compared to TMZ or IR treated group alone showed a significant difference (P=0.002). CONCLUSION The evaluation of cells viability showed that TMZ in combination with IR on glioma cells led to a significant radiosensitivity compared to IR alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Borhani
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Hossein Mozdarani, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran Tel: +98 21 82883830 Fax: +98 21 88006544
| | - Somayyeh Babalui
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bakhshandeh
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Nosrati
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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105
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Long TY, Jing R, Kuang F, Huang L, Qian ZX, Yang TL. CIRBP protects H9C2 cells against myocardial ischemia through inhibition of NF-κB pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5861. [PMID: 28355355 PMCID: PMC5423751 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20175861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a major cause of death and remains a disease with extremely deficient clinical therapies and a major problem worldwide. Cold inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) is reported to be involved in multiple pathological processes, including myocardial ischemia. However, the molecular mechanisms of myocardial ischemia remain elusive. Here, we first overexpressed CIRBP by transfection of pc-CIRBP (pcDNA3.1 containing coding sequenced for CIRBP) and silenced CIRBP by transfection of small interfering RNA targeting CIRBP (siCIRBP). pcDNA3.1 and the negative control of siCIRBP (siNC) were transfected into H9C2 cells to act as controls. We then constructed a cell model of myocardial ischemia through culturing cells in serum-free medium with hypoxia in H9C2 cells. Subsequently, AlamarBlue assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used, respectively, to assess cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis, and expression levels of IκBα, p65 and Bcl-3. We demonstrated that CIRBP overexpression promoted cell proliferation (P<0.001), inhibited cell apoptosis (P<0.05), reduced ROS level (P<0.001), down-regulated phosphorylated levels of IκBα and p65 (P<0.01 or P<0.001), and up-regulated expression of Bcl-3 (P<0.001) in H9C2 cells with myocardial ischemia. The influence of CIRBP knockdown yielded opposite results. Our study revealed that CIRBP could protect H9C2 cells against myocardial ischemia through inhibition of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Long
- Cardiovascular Department, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - R Jing
- Cardiovascular Department, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - F Kuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z X Qian
- Department of Emergency, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - T L Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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106
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Stankevicius V, Kuodyte K, Schveigert D, Bulotiene D, Paulauskas T, Daniunaite K, Suziedelis K. Gene and miRNA expression profiles of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma LLC1 cells following single or fractionated dose irradiation. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4190-4200. [PMID: 28599420 PMCID: PMC5453008 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice ionizing radiation (IR) is primarily applied to cancer treatment in the form of fractionated dose (FD) irradiation. Despite this fact, a substantially higher amount of current knowledge in the field of radiobiology comes from in vitro studies based on the cellular response to single dose (SD) irradiation. In addition, intrinsic and acquired resistance to IR remains an issue in clinical practice, leading to radiotherapy treatment failure. Numerous previous studies suggest that an improved understanding of the molecular processes involved in the radiation-induced DNA damage response to FD irradiation could improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Therefore, the present study examined the differential expression of genes and microRNA (miRNA) in murine Lewis lung cancer (LLC)1 cells exposed to SD or FD irradiation. The results of the present study indicated that the gene and miRNA expression profiles of LLC1 cells exposed to irradiation were dose delivery type-dependent. Data analysis also revealed that mRNAs may be regulated by miRNAs in a radiation-dependent manner, suggesting that these mRNAs and miRNAs are the potential targets in the cellular response to SD or FD irradiation. However, LLC1 tumors after FD irradiation exhibited no significant changes in the expression of selected genes and miRNAs observed in the irradiated cells in vitro, suggesting that experimental in vitro conditions, particularly the tumor microenvironment, should be considered in detail to promote the development of efficient radiotherapy approaches. Nevertheless, the present study highlights the primary signaling pathways involved in the response of murine cancer cells to irradiation. Data presented in the present study can be applied to improve the outcome and development of radiotherapy in preclinical animal model settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidotas Stankevicius
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolina Kuodyte
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Schveigert
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Danute Bulotiene
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Paulauskas
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Daniunaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Suziedelis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
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107
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Yang J, Cao X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Liu B, Jia J, Liang H, Chen M. Enhanced pH stability, cell viability and reduced degradation rate of poly(L-lactide)-based composite in vitro: effect of modified magnesium oxide nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:486-503. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1279534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuxiang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Lab for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Minfang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Lab for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Tianjin, China
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108
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Shi R, Li C, Jiang Z, Li W, Wang A, Wei J. Preclinical Study of Antineoplastic Sinoporphyrin Sodium-PDT via In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010112. [PMID: 28085075 PMCID: PMC6155726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) investigations have seen stable increases and the development of new photosensitizers is a heated topic. Sinoporphyrin sodium is a new photosensitizer isolated from Photofrin. This article evaluated its anticancer effects by clonogenic assays, MTT assays and xenograft experiments in comparison to Photofrin. The clonogenicity inhibition rates of sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards four human cancer cell lines ranged from 85.5% to 94.2% at 0.5 μg/mL under 630 nm irradiation of 30 mW/cm² for 180 s. For MTT assays, the IC50 ranges of Photofrin-PDT and sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards human cancer cells were 0.3 μg/mL to 5.5 μg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL to 0.8 μg/mL under the same irradiation conditions, respectively. The IC50 values of Photofrin-PDT and sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards human skin cells, HaCaT, were 10 μg/mL and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Esophagus carcinoma and hepatoma xenograft models were established to evaluate the in vivo antineoplastic efficacy. A control group, Photofrin-PDT group (20 mg/kg) and sinoporphyrin sodium group at three doses, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, were set. Mice were injected with photosensitizers 24 h before 60 J 630 nm laser irradiation. The tumor weight inhibition ratio of 2 mg/kg sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT reached approximately 90%. Besides, the tumor growths were significantly slowed down by 2 mg/kg sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT, which was equivalent to 20 mg/kg Photofrin-PDT. In sum, sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT showed great anticancer efficacy and with a smaller dose compared with Photofrin. Further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chao Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhihuan Jiang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wanfang Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Aiping Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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109
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Single cell time-lapse analysis reveals that podoplanin enhances cell survival and colony formation capacity of squamous cell carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39971. [PMID: 28059107 PMCID: PMC5216406 DOI: 10.1038/srep39971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiating cells (TICs) are characterized by high clonal expansion capacity. We previously reported that podoplanin is a TIC-specific marker for the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431. The aim of this study is to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the high clonal expansion potential of podoplanin-positive A431cells using Fucci imaging. Single podoplanin-positive cells created large colonies at a significantly higher frequency than single podoplanin-negative cells, whereas no difference was observed between the two types of cells with respect to cell cycle status. Conversely, the cell death ratio of progenies derived from podoplanin-positive single cell was significantly lower than that of cells derived from podoplanin-negative cells. Single A431 cells, whose podoplanin expression was suppressed by RNA interference, exhibited increased cell death ratios and decreased frequency of large colony forming. Moreover, the frequency of large colony forming decreased significantly when podoplanin-positive single cells was treated with a ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase) inhibitor, whereas no difference was observed in single podoplanin-negative cells. Our current study cleared that high clonal expansion capacity of podoplanin-positive TICs populations was the result of reduced cell death by podoplanin-mediated signaling. Therefore, podoplanin activity may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas.
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110
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Puspitasari IM, Yamazaki C, Abdulah R, Putri M, Kameo S, Nakano T, Koyama H. Protective effects of sodium selenite supplementation against irradiation-induced damage in non-cancerous human esophageal cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:449-454. [PMID: 28123581 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of radioprotective compounds is one approach to preventing radiation damage in non-cancerous tissues. Therefore, radioprotective compounds are crucial in clinical radiotherapy. Selenium is a radioprotective compound that has been used in previous clinical studies of radiotherapy. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of selenium in radiotherapy and the mechanisms underlying the selenium-induced reduction of the side effects of radiotherapy remains insufficient. To further investigate the effectiveness of selenium in radiotherapy, the present study examined the protective effects of sodium selenite supplementation administered prior to X-ray radiation treatment in CHEK-1 non-cancerous human esophageal cells. Sodium selenite supplementation increased glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The sodium selenite dose that induced the highest GPx-1 activity was determined to be 50 nM for 72 h prior to radiotherapy. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of sodium selenite in CHEK-1 cells was 3.6 µM. Sodium selenite supplementation increased the survival rate of the cells in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced the degree of cell viability at 72 h post-irradiation (P<0.05). Combined treatment with 50 nM sodium selenite and 2 gray (Gy) X-ray irradiation decreased the number of sub-G1 cells from 5.9 to 4.2% (P<0.05) and increased the proportion of G1 cells from 58.8 to 62.1%, compared with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation alone; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=1.00). Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation significantly increased the expression levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP; P<0.05). In addition, combined treatment with 50 nM sodium selenite and 2 Gy X-ray irradiation reduced the expression levels of cleaved PARP protein, compared with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation alone; however, this reduction was not statistically significant (P=0.423). These results suggest that 50 nM sodium selenite supplementation administered for 72 h prior to irradiation may protect CHEK-1 cells from irradiation-induced damage by inhibiting irradiation-induced apoptosis. Therefore, sodium selenite is a potential radioprotective compound for non-cancerous cells in clinical radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma M Puspitasari
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Chiho Yamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Mirasari Putri
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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111
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Saberi A, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Abbasian M, Fesharaki M, Baharlouei A, Arab-Bafrani Z. Gold nanoparticles in combination with megavoltage radiation energy increased radiosensitization and apoptosis in colon cancer HT-29 cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:315-323. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1242816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alihossein Saberi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abbasian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrafarin Fesharaki
- Department of Cell Sciences Research Center Medical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azam Baharlouei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab-Bafrani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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112
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Okazaki T, Hayashi H, Takegami K, Okino H, Kimoto N, Maehata I, Kobayashi I. Fundamental Study of nanoDot OSL Dosimeters for Entrance Skin Dose Measurement in Diagnostic X-ray Examinations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14407/jrpr.2016.41.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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113
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Niestroj M, Bewer B, Mousseau DD, Chapman D, Chen J, Hormes J. A monochromatic x-ray irradiation system for
in vitro
studies at synchrotron beamlines. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/2/5/055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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114
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The acquisition of Clostridium tyrobutyricum mutants with improved bioproduction under acidic conditions after two rounds of heavy-ion beam irradiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29968. [PMID: 27426447 PMCID: PMC4947956 DOI: 10.1038/srep29968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
End-product inhibition is a key factor limiting the production of organic acid during
fermentation. Two rounds of heavy-ion beam irradiation may be an inexpensive,
indispensable and reliable approach to increase the production of butyric acid
during industrial fermentation processes. However, studies of the application of
heavy ion radiation for butyric acid fermentation engineering are lacking. In this
study, a second 12C6+ heavy-ion irradiation-response
curve is used to describe the effect of exposure to a given dose of heavy ions on
mutant strains of Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Versatile statistical elements
are introduced to characterize the mechanism and factors contributing to improved
butyric acid production and enhanced acid tolerance in adapted mutant strains
harvested from the fermentations. We characterized the physiological properties of
the strains over a large pH value gradient, which revealed that the mutant strains
obtained after a second round of radiation exposure were most resistant to harsh
external pH values and were better able to tolerate external pH values between 4.5
and 5.0. A customized second round of heavy-ion beam irradiation may be invaluable
in process engineering.
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115
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Kang J, Lee DW, Hwang HJ, Yeon SE, Lee MY, Kuh HJ. Mini-pillar array for hydrogel-supported 3D culture and high-content histologic analysis of human tumor spheroids. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2265-2276. [PMID: 27194205 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell culture models mimic the complex 3D organization and microenvironment of human solid tumor tissue and are thus considered as highly predictive models representing avascular tumor regions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is useful for monitoring drug penetration and therapeutic responses in 3D tumor models; however, photonic attenuation at increasing imaging depths and limited penetration of common fluorescence tracers are significant technical challenges to imaging. Immunohistological staining would be a good alternative, but the preparation of tissue sections from rather fragile spheroids through fixing and embedding procedures is challenging. Here we introduce a novel 3 × 3 mini-pillar array chip that can be utilized for 3D cell culturing and sectioning for high-content histologic analysis. The mini-pillar array chip facilitated the generation of 3D spheroids of human cancer cells within hydrogels such as alginate, collagen, and Matrigel. As expected, visualization of the 3D distribution of calcein AM and doxorubicin by optical sectioning was limited by photonic attenuation and dye penetration. The integrity of the 3D microtissue section was confirmed by immunostaining on paraffin sections and cryo-sections. The applicability of the mini-pillar array for drug activity evaluation was tested by measuring viability changes in spheroids exposed to anti-cancer agents, 5-fluorouracil and tirapazamine. Thus, our novel mini-pillar array platform can potentially promote high-content histologic analysis of 3D cultures and can be further optimized for field-specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Subiel A, Ashmore R, Schettino G. Standards and Methodologies for Characterizing Radiobiological Impact of High-Z Nanoparticles. Theranostics 2016; 6:1651-71. [PMID: 27446499 PMCID: PMC4955064 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the application of high-Z nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment and diagnosis has recently been the subject of growing interest, with much promise being shown with regards to a potential transition into clinical practice. In spite of numerous publications related to the development and application of nanoparticles for use with ionizing radiation, the literature is lacking coherent and systematic experimental approaches to fully evaluate the radiobiological effectiveness of NPs, validate mechanistic models and allow direct comparison of the studies undertaken by various research groups. The lack of standards and established methodology is commonly recognised as a major obstacle for the transition of innovative research ideas into clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of radiobiological techniques and quantification methods used in in vitro studies on high-Z nanoparticles and aims to provide recommendations for future standardization for NP-mediated radiation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Subiel
- ✉ Corresponding author: +44 (0)20 8943 8548; ; National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
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Szabo E, Schneider H, Seystahl K, Rushing EJ, Herting F, Weidner KM, Weller M. Autocrine VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 signaling promotes survival in human glioblastoma models in vitro and in vivo. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1242-52. [PMID: 27009237 PMCID: PMC4998998 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) system has become a prime target for antiangiogenic treatment, its biological role in glioblastoma beyond angiogenesis has remained controversial. Methods Using neutralizing antibodies to VEGF or placental growth factor (PlGF) or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, cediranib, or lentiviral gene silencing, we delineated autocrine signaling in glioma cell lines. The in vivo effects of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 depletion were evaluated in orthotopic glioma xenograft models. Results VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 modulated glioma cell clonogenicity, viability, and invasiveness in vitro in an autocrine, cell–line-specific manner. VEGFR1 silencing promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling, whereas VEGFR2 silencing resulted in cell-type dependent activation of the protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. These responses may represent specific escape mechanisms from VEGFR inhibition. The survival of orthotopic glioma-bearing mice was prolonged upon VEGFR1 silencing in the LNT-229, LN-308, and U87MG models and upon VEGFR2 silencing in LN-308 and U87MG. Disruption of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 signaling was associated with decreased tumor size, increased tumor necrosis, or loss of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) immunoreactivity. Neutralizing VEGF and PlGF by specific antibodies was superior to either antibody treatment alone in the VEGFR1-dependent LNT-229 model. Conclusions Differential dependence on autocrine signaling through VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 suggests a need for biomarker–stratified VEGF(R)-based therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Szabo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (E.S., H.S., K.S., M.W.), and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (E.J.R); Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg D-82372, Germany (F.H., K.M.W.)
| | - Hannah Schneider
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (E.S., H.S., K.S., M.W.), and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (E.J.R); Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg D-82372, Germany (F.H., K.M.W.)
| | - Katharina Seystahl
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (E.S., H.S., K.S., M.W.), and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (E.J.R); Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg D-82372, Germany (F.H., K.M.W.)
| | - Elisabeth Jane Rushing
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (E.S., H.S., K.S., M.W.), and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (E.J.R); Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg D-82372, Germany (F.H., K.M.W.)
| | - Frank Herting
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (E.S., H.S., K.S., M.W.), and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (E.J.R); Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg D-82372, Germany (F.H., K.M.W.)
| | - K Michael Weidner
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (E.S., H.S., K.S., M.W.), and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (E.J.R); Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg D-82372, Germany (F.H., K.M.W.)
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (E.S., H.S., K.S., M.W.), and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (E.J.R); Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg D-82372, Germany (F.H., K.M.W.)
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Couceiro J, Bandarra S, Sultan H, Bell S, Constantino S, Quintas A. Toxicological impact of JWH-018 and its phase I metabolite N-(3-hydroxypentyl) on human cell lines. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 264:100-5. [PMID: 27054591 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and abuse of synthetic cannabinoids has been increasing as an alternative to cannabis, mainly among youth. As their appearance on the drug market has been recent, the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of these psychoactive substances are poorly understood. Current studies suggest that they have stronger effects compared to their natural alternatives and their metabolites retain affinity towards CB1 receptors in CNS. Since studies on its toxicological properties are scarce, the effects of the drug in human derived cell lines were investigated. The present study was designed to explore the toxicological impact of parent drug versus phase I metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids on human cells with and without CB1 receptor. The human cell line of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and human kidney cell line HEK-293T were exposed to JWH-018 and to its N-(3-hydroxypentyl) metabolite. Cell toxicity was evaluated using the MTT and LDH assay. Additionally, a dual staining methodology with fluorescent Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide was performed to address the question of whether JWH-018 N-(3-hydroxypentyl) metabolite is inducing cell death through apoptosis or necrosis, in HEK293T and SH-SY5Y cell lines. The obtained results show that JWH-018 does not cause a statistically significant decrease in cell viability, in contrast to its N-(3-hydroxypentyl) metabolite, which at ≥25μM causes a significant decrease in cell viability. Both cell lines are affected by JWH-018 metabolite. Our results point to higher toxicity of JWH-018 metabolite when compared to its parent drug, suggesting a non-CB1 receptor mediated toxicological mechanism. Comparing the results from Annexin V/PI with MTT and LDH assays of SH-SY5Y and HEK293T in the presence of the synthetic cannabinoid metabolite, emerges the picture that cellular viability decreases and associated death is occurring through necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Couceiro
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana Bandarra
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Haider Sultan
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Suzanne Bell
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Susana Constantino
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Angiogenesis Unit, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal.
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p38δ MAPK phenotype: an indicator of chemotherapeutic response in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 26:46-55. [PMID: 25099621 PMCID: PMC4243785 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently documented p38δ differential expression and function in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC). This study expands upon these findings and investigates whether p38δ status in OESCC can influence response(s) to cytotoxic drugs. The antiproliferative effect of conventional cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (CF) treatment was compared with the recently reviewed triple regime of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin (ACF). p38δ-positive and p38δ-negative cell lines were employed using cell-growth and clonogenic assays. Key regulators of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were measured. Wound-healing assays and a Boyden chamber were used to investigate the effect of drug treatments on cell migration. Functional networks were analysed in terms of changes in MAPK expression. p38δ-negative OESCC is less sensitive to standard CF chemotherapy compared with p38δ-positive cells. However, following ACF treatment p38δ-negative cells showed markedly decreased proliferation and cell migration, and increased apoptosis. ACF induced apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway involving Fas activation, caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage and degradation of PARP. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was observed but downregulation of multidomain proapoptotic proteins, as well as BH3-only proteins, suggests involvement of pathways other than the mitochondrial pathway. Interestingly, induction of p38 and ERK1/2, but not JNK1/2, was observed following ACF treatment. p38δ-negative OESCC is more resistant to traditional CF treatment compared with p38δ-positive OESCC. In light of these results, p38δ phenotyping of tumour tissue may be of considerable value in deciding on an optimal therapeutic strategy for patients with p38δ-negative OESCC.
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Nikzad S, Hashemi B, Mahmoudi G, Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi M. Estimation of cell response in fractionation radiotherapy using different methods derived from linear quadratic model. Radiol Oncol 2016; 49:347-56. [PMID: 26834521 PMCID: PMC4722925 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to use various theoretical methods derived from the Linear Quadratic (LQ) model to calculate the effects of number of subfractions, time intervals between subfractions, dose per subfraction, and overall fraction time on the cells’ survival. Comparison of the results with experimental outcomes of melanoma and breast adenocarcinoma cells was also performed. Finally, the best matched method with experimental outcomes is introduced as the most accurate method in predicting the cell response. Materials and methods. The most widely used theoretical methods in the literature, presented by Keall et al., Brenner, and Mu et al., were used to calculate the cells’ survival following radiotherapy with different treatment schemes. The overall treatment times were ranged from 15 to 240 minutes. To investigate the effects of number of subfractions and dose per subfraction, the cells’ survival after different treatment delivery scenarios were calculated through fixed overall treatment times of 30, 60 and 240 minutes. The experimental tests were done for dose of 4 Gy. The results were compared with those of the theoretical outcomes. Results The most affective parameter on the cells’ survival was the overall treatment time. However, the number of subfractions per fractions was another effecting parameter in the theoretical models. This parameter showed no significant effect on the cells’ survival in experimental schemes. The variations in number of subfractions per each fraction showed different results on the cells’ survival, calculated by Keall et al. and Brenner methods (P<0.05). Conclusions Mu et al. method can predict the cells’ survival following fractionation radiotherapy more accurately than the other models. Using Mu et al. method, as an accurate and simple method to predict the cell response after fractionation radiotherapy, is suggested for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Nikzad
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Bijan Hashemi
- Department of Medical Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golshan Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Milad Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering & Medical Student's Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technologies, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
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Moffitt GB, Stewart RD, Sandison GA, Goorley JT, Argento DC, Jevremovic T. MCNP6 model of the University of Washington clinical neutron therapy system (CNTS). Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:937-57. [PMID: 26738533 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/2/937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A MCNP6 dosimetry model is presented for the Clinical Neutron Therapy System (CNTS) at the University of Washington. In the CNTS, fast neutrons are generated by a 50.5 MeV proton beam incident on a 10.5 mm thick Be target. The production, scattering and absorption of neutrons, photons, and other particles are explicitly tracked throughout the key components of the CNTS, including the target, primary collimator, flattening filter, monitor unit ionization chamber, and multi-leaf collimator. Simulations of the open field tissue maximum ratio (TMR), percentage depth dose profiles, and lateral dose profiles in a 40 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm water phantom are in good agreement with ionization chamber measurements. For a nominal 10 × 10 field, the measured and calculated TMR values for depths of 1.5 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm (compared to the dose at 1.7 cm) are within 0.22%, 2.23%, 4.30%, and 6.27%, respectively. For the three field sizes studied, 2.8 cm × 2.8 cm, 10.4 cm × 10.3 cm, and 28.8 cm × 28.8 cm, a gamma test comparing the measured and simulated percent depth dose curves have pass rates of 96.4%, 100.0%, and 78.6% (depth from 1.5 to 15 cm), respectively, using a 3% or 3 mm agreement criterion. At a representative depth of 10 cm, simulated lateral dose profiles have in-field (⩾ 10% of central axis dose) pass rates of 89.7% (2.8 cm × 2.8 cm), 89.6% (10.4 cm × 10.3 cm), and 100.0% (28.8 cm × 28.8 cm) using a 3% and 3 mm criterion. The MCNP6 model of the CNTS meets the minimum requirements for use as a quality assurance tool for treatment planning and provides useful insights and information to aid in the advancement of fast neutron therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Moffitt
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of Utah, 50 South Central Drive, 1206 MEB, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Cox-Muranami WA, Nelson EL, Li GP, Bachman M. Large area magnetic micropallet arrays for cell colony sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:172-81. [PMID: 26606460 PMCID: PMC6201277 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new micropallet array platform for adherent cell colony sorting has been developed. The platform consisted of thousands of square plastic pallets, 270 μm by 270 μm on each side, large enough to hold a single colony of cells. Each pallet included a magnetic core, allowing them to be collected with a magnet after being released using a microscope mounted laser system. The micropallets were patterned from 1002F epoxy resist and were fabricated on translucent, gold coated microscope slides. The gold layer was used as seed for electroplating the ferromagnetic cores within every individual pallet. The gold layer also facilitated the release of each micropallet during laser release. This array allows for individual observation, sorting and collection of isolated cell colonies for biological cell colony research. In addition to consistent release and recovery of individual colonies, we demonstrated stable biocompatibility and minimal loss in imaging quality compared to previously developed micropallet arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward L Nelson
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - G P Li
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Mark Bachman
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Arab-Bafrani Z, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Abbasian M, Fesharaki M. Multiple MTS Assay as the Alternative Method to Determine Survival Fraction of the Irradiated HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS AND SENSORS 2016; 6:112-6. [PMID: 27186539 PMCID: PMC4855884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A multiple colorimetric assay has been introduced to evaluate the proliferation and determination of survival fraction (SF) of irradiated cells. The estimation of SF based on the cell-growth curve information is the major advantage of this assay. In this study, the utility of multiple-MTS assay for the SF estimation of irradiated HT-29 colon cancer cells, which were plated before irradiation, was evaluated. The SF of HT-29 colon cancer cells under irradiation with 9 MV photon was estimated using multiple-MTS assay and colony assay. Finally, the correlation between two assays was evaluated. Results showed that there are no significant differences between the SF obtained by two assays at different radiation doses (P > 0.05), and the survival curves have quite similar trends. In conclusion, multiple MTS-assay can be a reliable method to determine the SF of irradiated colon cancer cells that plated before irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab-Bafrani
- Stem cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Department of Medical Physics-Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Prof. Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mahdi Abbasian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrafarin Fesharaki
- Department of Cell Sciences Research Center Medical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Arab-Bafrani Z, Saberi A, Tahmasebi Birgani MJ, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Abbasian M, Fesharaki M. Gold Nanoparticle and Mean Inactivation Dose of Human Intestinal Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-29153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pal I, Dey KK, Chaurasia M, Parida S, Das S, Rajesh Y, Sharma K, Chowdhury T, Mandal M. Cooperative effect of BI-69A11 and celecoxib enhances radiosensitization by modulating DNA damage repair in colon carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6389-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular malignant tumor in adults that is characterized by rapid progression and recurrence. Irradiation has become the primary therapy for UM patients who are not candidates for surgery. However, after large-dose fraction irradiation treatment, some patients undergo subsequent enucleation because of radiotherapy-related complications. This situation has raised concerns on how to optimize the effectiveness of radiation treatment. Recent investigations of microRNAs are changing our understanding of UM tumor biology and are helping to identify novel targets for radiotherapy. The radioresistant UM cell lines OM431 and OCM1 were selected and exposed to irradiation, and let-7b was found to be downregulated after exposure. We then confirmed that let-7b mimics could inhibit UM growth both in vitro and in vivo. More specifically, transfection with let-7b mimics markedly resensitized OCM1 and OM431 cells to irradiation by reducing the population of S-phase cells. Cyclin D1 plays a vital role in cell cycle arrest, which is induced by let-7b overexpression. Cyclin D1 is also a target of let-7b and its expression is suppressed by upregulation of let-7b. Collectively, our results indicate that let-7b overexpression can in turn downregulate cyclin D1 expression and enhance the radiosensitivity of UM through cell cycle arrest. Let-7b could serve as a marker for radiosensitivity and could enhance the therapeutic benefit of UM cell irradiation.
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Wu C, Rehman FU, Li J, Ye J, Zhang Y, Su M, Jiang H, Wang X. Real-Time Evaluation of Live Cancer Cells by an in Situ Surface Plasmon Resonance and Electrochemical Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24848-24854. [PMID: 26492438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a new strategy of the combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrochemical study for real-time evaluation of live cancer cells treated with daunorubicin (DNR) at the interface of the SPR chip and living cancer cells. The observations demonstrate that the SPR signal changes could be closely related to the morphology and mass changes of adsorbed cancer cells and the variation of the refractive index of the medium solution. The results of light microscopy images and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide studies also illustrate the release or desorption of HepG2 cancer cells, which were due to their apoptosis after treatment with DNR. It is evident that the extracellular concentration of DNR residue can be readily determined through electrochemical measurements. The decreases in the magnitudes of SPR signals were linearly related to cell survival rates, and the combination of SPR with electrochemical study could be utilized to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficiency of bioactive agents to cells. Thus, this label-free, real-time SPR-electrochemical detection technique has great promise in bioanalysis or monitoring of relevant treatment processes in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fawad Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University , Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Meina Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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Nilsson J, Bauden MP, Nilsson JM, Strand SE, Elgqvist J. Cancer Cell Radiobiological Studies Using In-House-Developed α-Particle Irradiator. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 30:386-94. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Nilsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monika Posaric Bauden
- Department of Surgery, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas M. Nilsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Elgqvist
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Yeo I, Nookala P, Gordon I, Schulte R, Barnes S, Ghebremedhin A, Wang N, Yang G, Ling T, Bush D, Slater J, Patyal B. Passive proton therapy vs. IMRT planning study with focal boost for prostate cancer. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:213. [PMID: 26499318 PMCID: PMC4619437 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploiting biologic imaging, studies have been performed to boost dose to gross intraprostatic tumor volumes (GTV) while reducing dose elsewhere in the prostate. Interest in proton beams has increased due to superior normal-tissue sparing they afford. Our goal was to dosimetrically compare 3D conformal proton boost plans with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans with respect to target coverage and avoiding organs at risk. METHODS Treatment planning computer tomography scans of ten patients were selected. For each patient, two hypothetical but realistic GTVs each with a fixed volume were contoured in different anatomical locations of the prostate. IMRT and proton beam plans were created with a prescribed dose of 50.4 Gy to the initial planning target volume (PTV) including the PTV of the seminal vesicles (PSV), 70.2 Gy to the PTV of the prostate (PPS), and 90 Gy to the PTV of the gross tumor volumes (PGTVs). For proton plans, uncertainties of range and patient setup were accounted for; apertures were adjusted until the dose-volume coverage of PTVs matched that of the IMRT plan. For both plans, prescribed PTV doses were made identical to allow for comparing normal-tissue doses. RESULTS Protons delivered more homogeneous but less conformal doses to PGTVs than IMRT did and comparable doses to PSV and PPS. Volumes of bladder and rectum receiving doses higher than 65 Gy were similar for both plans. However, volumes receiving less than 65 Gy were significantly reduced, i.e., protons reduced integral dose by 45.6 % and 26.5 % for rectum and bladder, respectively. This volume-sparing was also seen in femoral heads and penile bulb. CONCLUSIONS Protons delivered comparable doses to targets in dose homogeneity and conformity and spared normal tissues from intermediate-to-low doses better than IMRT did. Further improvement of dose sparing and changes in homogeneity and conformity may be achieved by reducing proton range uncertainties and from implementing intensity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhwan Yeo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Prashanth Nookala
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Ian Gordon
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Reinhard Schulte
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Stanley Barnes
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Abiel Ghebremedhin
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Gary Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Ted Ling
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - David Bush
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Jerry Slater
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Baldev Patyal
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Vendrely V, Henriques de Figueiredo B, Rio E, Benech J, Belhomme S, Lisbona A, Frison E, Doussau A, Nomikossoff N, Mahé MA, Kantor G, Maire JP. French multicentre clinical evaluation of helical TomoTherapy for anal cancer in a cohort of 64 consecutive patients. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:170. [PMID: 26268888 PMCID: PMC4554302 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose/Objectives To assess feasibility and toxicity of Helical TomoTherapy® for treating anal cancer patients. Methods From 2007 to 2011, 64 patients were consecutively treated with TomoTherapy® in three centres for locally advanced squamous-cell anal carcinoma (T2 > 4 cm or N positive). Prescribed doses were 45 Gy to the pelvis including inguinal nodes and 59.4 Gy to the primary site and involved nodes with fractions of 1.8 Gy, five days a week. A positional Megavoltage Computed Tomography was performed before each treatment session. All acute and late toxicities were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Median follow-up was 22.9 months. Fifty-four women and 10 men were treated (median age: 62 years). Nineteen patients (29.7 %) had T2, 16 patients (25.0 %) T3, and 27 patients (42.2 %) T4 tumours. Thirty-nine patients (60.9 %) had nodal involvement. Median tumour size was 45 mm (range, 10–110 mm). Seven patients had a colostomy before treatment initiation. Fifty-seven patients received concomitant chemotherapy (5-FU/cisplatin or 5-FU/mitomycin-based therapy). Forty-seven patients (73.4 %) experienced a complete response, 13 a partial response or local recurrence, and 11 had salvage surgery; among these, six became complete responders, three experienced metastatic failure, and two local failure. At least four patients experienced metastatic recurrence (concomitant to a local failure for one patient). The two-year overall survival was 85.6 % (95 %CI [71.1 %–93.0 %]), and the one-year disease-free survival, and colostomy-free survival were 68.7 % (95 %CI [54.4 %–79.4]), and 75.5 % (95 %CI [60.7 %–85.3 %]) respectively. Overall survival, disease-free survival and colostomy free-survival were significantly better for women than men (p = 0.002, p = 0.004, and p = 0.002 respectively). Acute grade ≥3 toxicity included dermatologic (46.9 % of patients), gastrointestinal (20.3 %), and hematologic (17.2 %) toxicity. Acute grade 4 hematologic toxicity occurred in one patient. No grade 5 event was observed. Conclusions TomoTherapy® for locally advanced anal cancer is feasible. In our three centres of expertise, this technique appeared to produce few acute gastrointestinal toxicities. However, high rates of dermatologic toxicity were observed. The therapeutic efficacy was within the range of expectations and similar to previous studies in accordance with the high rates of locally advanced tumours and nodal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vendrely
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France. .,Service de Radiothérapie, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | | | - E Rio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.
| | - J Benech
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
| | - S Belhomme
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Lisbona
- Department of Medical Physics, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.
| | - E Frison
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de santé publique, Service d'information médicale, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Doussau
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de santé publique, Service d'information médicale, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - N Nomikossoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Timone, Marseille, France.
| | - M A Mahé
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.
| | - G Kantor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
| | - J P Maire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
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Brown ME, Bear MD, Rosol TJ, Premanandan C, Kisseberth WC, London CA. Characterization of STAT3 expression, signaling and inhibition in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:206. [PMID: 26272737 PMCID: PMC4536595 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in tumor development by regulating signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, metastasis and angiogenesis. STAT3 is activated in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in people. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is similar to advanced or recurrent HNSCC as it is poorly responsive to traditional therapies and carries a poor long-term prognosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize expression and activation of STAT3 in feline OSCC cell lines and tumor samples and to investigate the biologic activity of a novel, allosteric STAT3 inhibitor, LLL12, in feline OSCC cell lines. Results We evaluated 3 feline OSCC cell lines and one of these (SCCF2) exhibited high levels of constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation and high sensitivity to LLL12 treatment. Exposure of SCCF2 cells to LLL12 resulted in decreased expression of pSTAT3 and total STAT3, apoptosis as assessed by caspase 3/7 activation, inhibition of colony formation and reduced expression of the STAT3 transcriptional target survivin. In contrast, the STAT3 transcriptional targets VEGF and MCL-1 increased after LLL12 treatment. This was, in part, likely due to LLL12 mediated upregulation of HIF-1α, which is known to drive VEGF and MCL-1 expression. The OSCC cell lines with low basal STAT3 phosphorylation did not exhibit these effects, suggesting that STAT3 inhibition was responsible for the observed results. Lastly, immunohistochemistry for pSTAT3 was performed using a feline OSCC tissue microarray, demonstrating expression in 48 % of samples tested. Conclusions These data demonstrate that LLL12 has biologic activity against a feline OSCC cell line expressing pSTAT3 and that STAT3 represents a target for therapeutic intervention in this disease. However, given the up-regulation of several STAT3 transcriptional targets following treatment, further investigation of STAT3 and its related signaling pathways in OSCC is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0505-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Brown
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Misty D Bear
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chris Premanandan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William C Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Prokopiou S, Moros EG, Poleszczuk J, Caudell J, Torres-Roca JF, Latifi K, Lee JK, Myerson R, Harrison LB, Enderling H. A proliferation saturation index to predict radiation response and personalize radiotherapy fractionation. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:159. [PMID: 26227259 PMCID: PMC4521490 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although altered protocols that challenge conventional radiation fractionation have been tested in prospective clinical trials, we still have limited understanding of how to select the most appropriate fractionation schedule for individual patients. Currently, the prescription of definitive radiotherapy is based on the primary site and stage, without regard to patient-specific tumor or host factors that may influence outcome. We hypothesize that the proportion of radiosensitive proliferating cells is dependent on the saturation of the tumor carrying capacity. This may serve as a prognostic factor for personalized radiotherapy (RT) fractionation. METHODS We introduce a proliferation saturation index (PSI), which is defined as the ratio of tumor volume to the host-influenced tumor carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is as a conceptual measure of the maximum volume that can be supported by the current tumor environment including oxygen and nutrient availability, immune surveillance and acidity. PSI is estimated from two temporally separated routine pre-radiotherapy computed tomography scans and a deterministic logistic tumor growth model. We introduce the patient-specific pre-treatment PSI into a model of tumor growth and radiotherapy response, and fit the model to retrospective data of four non-small cell lung cancer patients treated exclusively with standard fractionation. We then simulate both a clinical trial hyperfractionation protocol and daily fractionations, with equal biologically effective dose, to compare tumor volume reduction as a function of pretreatment PSI. RESULTS With tumor doubling time and radiosensitivity assumed constant across patients, a patient-specific pretreatment PSI is sufficient to fit individual patient response data (R(2) = 0.98). PSI varies greatly between patients (coefficient of variation >128 %) and correlates inversely with radiotherapy response. For this study, our simulations suggest that only patients with intermediate PSI (0.45-0.9) are likely to truly benefit from hyperfractionation. For up to 20 % uncertainties in tumor growth rate, radiosensitivity, and noise in radiological data, the absolute estimation error of pretreatment PSI is <10 % for more than 75 % of patients. CONCLUSIONS Routine radiological images can be used to calculate individual PSI, which may serve as a prognostic factor for radiation response. This provides a new paradigm and rationale to select personalized RT dose-fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Prokopiou
- Departments of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Eduardo G Moros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jan Poleszczuk
- Departments of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jimmy Caudell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Javier F Torres-Roca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kujtim Latifi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Myerson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Louis B Harrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Heiko Enderling
- Departments of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Cansolino L, Clerici AM, Zonta C, Dionigi P, Mazzini G, Di Liberto R, Altieri S, Ballarini F, Bortolussi S, Carante MP, Ferrari M, González SJ, Postuma I, Protti N, Santa Cruz GA, Ferrari C. Comparative study of the radiobiological effects induced on adherent vs suspended cells by BNCT, neutrons and gamma rays treatments. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 106:226-32. [PMID: 26256647 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work is part of a preclinical in vitro study to assess the efficacy of BNCT applied to liver or lung coloncarcinoma metastases and to limb osteosarcoma. Adherent growing cell lines can be irradiated as adherent to the culture flasks or as cell suspensions, differences in radio-sensitivity of the two modalities of radiation exposure have been investigated. Dose related cell survival and cell cycle perturbation results evidenced that the radiosensitivity of adherent cells is higher than that of the suspended ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cansolino
- Department of Clinic-Surgical Sciences, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy; IRCCS S. Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - A M Clerici
- Department of Clinic-Surgical Sciences, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - C Zonta
- Department of Clinic-Surgical Sciences, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - P Dionigi
- Department of Clinic-Surgical Sciences, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy; IRCCS S. Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Mazzini
- IGM-CNR and Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - S Altieri
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy; INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - F Ballarini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy; INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - S Bortolussi
- INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - M P Carante
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy; INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - M Ferrari
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy; INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - S J González
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - I Postuma
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy; INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - N Protti
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy; INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - G A Santa Cruz
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Ferrari
- Department of Clinic-Surgical Sciences, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy.
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Khoshakhlagh P, Johnson R, Langguth P, Nawroth T, Schmueser L, Hellmann N, Decker H, Szekely NK. Fasted-State Simulated Intestinal Fluid "FaSSIF-C", a Cholesterol Containing Intestinal Model Medium for In Vitro Drug Delivery Development. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2213-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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MÁN IMOLA, SZEBENI GÁBORJ, PLANGÁR IMOLA, SZABÓ EMILIAR, TŐKÉS TÜNDE, SZABÓ ZOLTÁN, NAGY ZOLTÁN, FEKETE GÁBOR, FAJKA-BOJA ROBERTA, PUSKÁS LÁSZLÓG, HIDEGHÉTY KATALIN, HACKLER LÁSZLÓ. Novel real-time cell analysis platform for the dynamic monitoring of ionizing radiation effects on human tumor cell lines and primary fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4610-1619. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aim of radiotherapy is to kill tumor cells in a primary tumor, in draining lymph nodes, and/or in small metastatic lesions. The response of tumor cells to radiation depends on the dose, an individual's radiosensitivity, the duration of radiation exposure (i.e., the timing), the fraction size, and the presence of other variables (e.g., chemotherapy). Sensitivity of the cells to radiation can be determined by cell proliferation and clonogenicity assays, which assess the ability of the cells to survive at low cell densities and to successfully initiate and sustain cell proliferation over time yielding viable colonies or clones after irradiation with a range of doses (0-10Gy). Apart from assessing the sensitivity of the cells to radiation, these assays are now being increasingly used to test for the effects of drugs/genes on the growth and proliferative characteristics of cells in vitro. Additionally, they are being used to determine the combinatorial effect of novel agents or inhibitors, which can modify the response to radiation for a favorable therapeutic outcome. The rates of cell survival and proliferation obtained from these assays help in identifying the most sensitive and resistant cell lines among particular cancer types. Because of their wide range of application, from identifying the most sensitive and resistant cell lines, to evaluating novel therapeutic agents, we describe here the basic steps involved in assessing the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cell lines.
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Teubl BJ, Schimpel C, Leitinger G, Bauer B, Fröhlich E, Zimmer A, Roblegg E. Interactions between nano-TiO2 and the oral cavity: impact of nanomaterial surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:298-305. [PMID: 25590824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are available in a variety of oral applications, such as food additives and cosmetic products. Thus, questions about their potential impact on the oro-gastrointestinal route rise. The oral cavity represents the first portal of entry and is known to rapidly interact with nanoparticles. Surface charge and size contribute actively to the particle-cell interactions, but the influence of surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity has never been shown before. This study addresses the biological impact of hydrophilic (NM 103, rutile, 20 nm) and hydrophobic (NM 104, rutile, 20 nm) TiO2 particles within the buccal mucosa. Particle characterization was addressed with dynamic light scattering and laser diffraction. Despite a high agglomeration tendency, 10% of the particles/agglomerates were present in the nanosized range and penetrated into the mucosa, independent of the surface properties. However, significant differences were observed in intracellular particle localization. NM 104 particles were found freely distributed in the cytoplasm, whereas their hydrophobic counterparts were engulfed in vesicular structures. Although cell viability/membrane integrity was not affected negatively, screening assays demonstrated that NM 104 particles showed a higher potential to decrease the physiological mitochondrial membrane potential than NM 103, resulting in a pronounced generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit J Teubl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Christa Schimpel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Austria; Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Bettina Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz 8010, Austria.
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Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Martin DC, Castelo-Branco P, Zhang CH, Fraser M, Tse K, Poon R, Shih DJH, Baskin B, Ray PN, Bouffet E, Dirks P, von Bueren AO, Pfaff E, Korshunov A, Jones DTW, Northcott PA, Kool M, Pugh TJ, Pomeroy SL, Cho YJ, Pietsch T, Gessi M, Rutkowski S, Bognár L, Cho BK, Eberhart CG, Conter CF, Fouladi M, French PJ, Grajkowska WA, Gupta N, Hauser P, Jabado N, Vasiljevic A, Jung S, Kim SK, Klekner A, Kumabe T, Lach B, Leonard JR, Liau LM, Massimi L, Pollack IF, Ra YS, Rubin JB, Van Meir EG, Wang KC, Weiss WA, Zitterbart K, Bristow RG, Alman B, Hawkins CE, Malkin D, Clifford SC, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Tabori U. WNT activation by lithium abrogates TP53 mutation associated radiation resistance in medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:174. [PMID: 25539912 PMCID: PMC4297452 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations confer subgroup specific poor survival for children with medulloblastoma. We hypothesized that WNT activation which is associated with improved survival for such children abrogates TP53 related radioresistance and can be used to sensitize TP53 mutant tumors for radiation. We examined the subgroup-specific role of TP53 mutations in a cohort of 314 patients treated with radiation. TP53 wild-type or mutant human medulloblastoma cell-lines and normal neural stem cells were used to test radioresistance of TP53 mutations and the radiosensitizing effect of WNT activation on tumors and the developing brain. Children with WNT/TP53 mutant medulloblastoma had higher 5-year survival than those with SHH/TP53 mutant tumours (100% and 36.6% ± 8.7%, respectively (p < 0.001)). Introduction of TP53 mutation into medulloblastoma cells induced radioresistance (survival fractions at 2Gy (SF2) of 89% ± 2% vs. 57.4% ± 1.8% (p < 0.01)). In contrast, β-catenin mutation sensitized TP53 mutant cells to radiation (p < 0.05). Lithium, an activator of the WNT pathway, sensitized TP53 mutant medulloblastoma to radiation (SF2 of 43.5% ± 1.5% in lithium treated cells vs. 56.6 ± 3% (p < 0.01)) accompanied by increased number of γH2AX foci. Normal neural stem cells were protected from lithium induced radiation damage (SF2 of 33% ± 8% for lithium treated cells vs. 27% ± 3% for untreated controls (p = 0.05). Poor survival of patients with TP53 mutant medulloblastoma may be related to radiation resistance. Since constitutive activation of the WNT pathway by lithium sensitizes TP53 mutant medulloblastoma cells and protect normal neural stem cells from radiation, this oral drug may represent an attractive novel therapy for high-risk medulloblastomas.
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Mrakovcic M, Meindl C, Leitinger G, Roblegg E, Fröhlich E. Carboxylated short single-walled carbon nanotubes but not plain and multi-walled short carbon nanotubes show in vitro genotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2014; 144:114-27. [PMID: 25505129 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long carbon nanotubes (CNTs) resemble asbestos fibers due to their high length to diameter ratio and they thus have genotoxic effects. Another parameter that might explain their genotoxic effects is contamination with heavy metal ions. On the other hand, short (1-2 µm) CNTs do not resemble asbestos fibers, and, once purified from contaminations, they might be suitable for medical applications. To identify the role of fiber thickness and surface properties on genotoxicity, well-characterized short pristine and carboxylated single-walled (SCNTs) and multi-walled (MCNTs) CNTs of different diameters were studied for cytotoxicity, the cell's response to oxidative stress (immunoreactivity against hemoxygenase 1 and glutathione levels), and in a hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) assay using V79 chinese hamster fibroblasts and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. DNA repair was demonstrated by measuring immunoreactivity against activated histone H2AX protein. The number of micronuclei as well as the number of multinucleated cells was determined. CNTs acted more cytotoxic in V79 than in A549 cells. Plain and carboxylated thin (<8 nm) SCNTs and MCNTs showed greater cytotoxic potential and carboxylated CNTs showed indication for generating oxidative stress. Multi-walled CNTs did not cause HPRT mutation, micronucleus formation, DNA damage, interference with cell division, and oxidative stress. Carboxylated, but not plain, SCNTs showed indication for in vitro DNA damage according to increase of H2AX-immunoreactive cells and HPRT mutation. Although short CNTs presented a low in vitro genotoxicity, functionalization of short SCNTs can render these particles genotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mrakovcic
- *Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz; Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Meindl
- *Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz; Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- *Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz; Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria *Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz; Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- *Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz; Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- *Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz; Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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140
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Kida S. [Toward physiologically-adaptive radiotherapy with lung functional imaging based on 4D CT]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2014; 70:1353-1359. [PMID: 25410344 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2014_jsrt_70.11.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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141
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Ozden O, Park SH, Wagner BA, Song HY, Zhu Y, Vassilopoulos A, Jung B, Buettner GR, Gius D. SIRT3 deacetylates and increases pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:163-172. [PMID: 25152236 PMCID: PMC4364304 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHA1) is the first component enzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex that transforms pyruvate, via pyruvate decarboxylation, into acetyl-CoA that is subsequently used by both the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. As such, PDH links glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in normal as well as cancer cells. Herein we report that SIRT3 interacts with PDHA1 and directs its enzymatic activity via changes in protein acetylation. SIRT3 deacetylates PDHA1 lysine 321 (K321), and a PDHA1 mutant mimicking a deacetylated lysine (PDHA1(K321R)) increases PDH activity, compared to the K321 acetylation mimic (PDHA1(K321Q)) or wild-type PDHA1. Finally, PDHA1(K321Q) exhibited a more transformed in vitro cellular phenotype compared to PDHA1(K321R). These results suggest that the acetylation of PDHA1 provides another layer of enzymatic regulation, in addition to phosphorylation, involving a reversible acetyllysine, suggesting that the acetylome, as well as the kinome, links glycolysis to respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Ozden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Brett A. Wagner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Ha Yong Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Barbara Jung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Corresponding Author: David Gius, M.D., Ph.D. Professor Department of Radiation Oncology Robert Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 303 East Superior, Rm 3-119 Chicago, IL 60611
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142
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Brouwer CL, Kierkels RGJ, van 't Veld AA, Sijtsema NM, Meertens H. The effects of computed tomography image characteristics and knot spacing on the spatial accuracy of B-spline deformable image registration in the head and neck geometry. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:169. [PMID: 25074293 PMCID: PMC4128373 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of computed tomography (CT) image characteristics and B-spline knot spacing (BKS) on the spatial accuracy of a B-spline deformable image registration (DIR) in the head-and-neck geometry. METHODS The effect of image feature content, image contrast, noise, and BKS on the spatial accuracy of a B-spline DIR was studied. Phantom images were created with varying feature content and varying contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and deformed using a known smooth B-spline deformation. Subsequently, the deformed images were repeatedly registered with the original images using different BKSs. The quality of the DIR was expressed as the mean residual displacement (MRD) between the known imposed deformation and the result of the B-spline DIR.Finally, for three patients, head-and-neck planning CT scans were deformed with a realistic deformation field derived from a rescan CT of the same patient, resulting in a simulated deformed image and an a-priori known deformation field. Hence, a B-spline DIR was performed between the simulated image and the planning CT at different BKSs. Similar to the phantom cases, the DIR accuracy was evaluated by means of MRD. RESULTS In total, 162 phantom registrations were performed with varying CNR and BKSs. MRD-values < 1.0 mm were observed with a BKS between 10-20 mm for image contrast ≥ ± 250 HU and noise < ± 200 HU. Decreasing the image feature content resulted in increased MRD-values at all BKSs. Using BKS = 15 mm for the three clinical cases resulted in an average MRD < 1.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS For synthetically generated phantoms and three real CT cases the highest DIR accuracy was obtained for a BKS between 10-20 mm. The accuracy decreased with decreasing image feature content, decreasing image contrast, and higher noise levels. Our results indicate that DIR accuracy in clinical CT images (typical noise levels < ± 100 HU) will not be effected by the amount of image noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Brouwer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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143
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Zhou X, Wang SY, Lu XH, Liang JP. Comparison of the effects of high energy carbon heavy ion irradiation and Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. on biosynthesis butyric acid efficiency in Clostridium tyrobutyricum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:221-229. [PMID: 24704888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium tyrobutyricum is well documented as a fermentation strain for the production of butyric acid. In this work, using high-energy carbon heavy ion irradiated C. tyrobutyricum, then butyric acid fermentation using glucose or alkali and acid pretreatments of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. as a carbon source was carried out. Initially, the modes at pH 5.7-6.5 and 37°C were compared using a model medium containing glucose as a carbon source. When the 72gL(-1) glucose concentration was found to be the highest yield, the maximum butyric acid production from glucose increased significantly, from 24gL(-1) for the wild type strains to 37gL(-1) for the strain irradiated at 126AMeV and a dose of 35Gy and a 10(7)ions/pulse. By feeding 100gL(-1) acid pretreatments of E. ulmoides Oliv. into the fermentations, butyrate yields (5.8gL(-1)) and butyrate/acetate (B/A) ratio (4.32) were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
| | - Shu-Yang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Hong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Liang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
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144
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Wan J, Zhou J, Zhao H, Wang M, Wei Z, Gao H, Wang Y, Cui H. Sonic hedgehog pathway contributes to gastric cancer cell growth and proliferation. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:53-9. [PMID: 24804165 PMCID: PMC3995118 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is commonly activated in gastrointestinal cancer. However, our understanding of the Shh pathway in gastric cancer remains limited. Here we examined the effects of cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of the Shh signaling pathway, on cell growth and proliferation in gastric primary cancer cells GAM-016 and the MKN-45 cell line. The results showed that the Shh signaling molecules SHH, PTCH, SMO, GLI1, and GLI2 were intact and activated in both types of cells. Furthermore, we observed that cyclopamine inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. An in vivo study using NOD/SCID mouse xenografts demonstrated that cyclopamine significantly prevented tumor growth and development. Our study indicated that Shh signaling pathway could promote gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumor development, and blocking this pathway may be a potential strategy in gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuanqin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
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145
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Cellini F, Morganti AG, Genovesi D, Silvestris N, Valentini V. Role of microRNA in response to ionizing radiations: evidences and potential impact on clinical practice for radiotherapy. Molecules 2014; 19:5379-401. [PMID: 24879584 PMCID: PMC6271831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, non-coding, RNAs with gene expression regulator roles. As an important class of regulators of many cellular pathways, miRNAs are involved in many signaling pathways and DNA damage repair processes, affecting cellular radiosensitivity. Their role has led to interest in oncological implications to improve treatment results. MiRNAs represent a great opportunity to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy treatments-they can be used to profile the radioresistance of tumors before radiotherapy, monitor their response throughout the treatment, thus helping to select intensification strategies, and also to define the final response to therapy along with risks of recurrence or metastatization. Even though many interesting studies support such potential, nowadays most studies on patient data are limited to experiments profiling tumor aggressiveness and response to radiotherapy. Moreover many studies report different although not conflicting results on the miRNAs evaluated for each tumor type. Without doubt, the clinical potential of such molecules for radiotherapy is striking and of high interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cellini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico; Via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio G Morganti
- Radiotherapy Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura "Giovanni Paolo II", Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Domenico Genovesi
- Radiation Oncology Department, Università "G. D'Annunzio"; Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit - Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II"; Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
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146
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Radiosensitizing activity of a novel Benzoxazine through the promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of DNA repair. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:424-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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147
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Zhou X, Lu XH, Li XH, Xin ZJ, Xie JR, Zhao MR, Wang L, Du WY, Liang JP. Radiation induces acid tolerance of Clostridium tyrobutyricum and enhances bioproduction of butyric acid through a metabolic switch. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:22. [PMID: 24533663 PMCID: PMC3931924 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyric acid as a renewable resource has become an increasingly attractive alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755T is well documented as a fermentation strain for the production of acids. However, it has been reported that butyrate inhibits its growth, and the accumulation of acetate also inhibits biomass synthesis, making production of butyric acid from conventional fermentation processes economically challenging. The present study aimed to identify whether irradiation of C. tyrobutyricum cells makes them more tolerant to butyric acid inhibition and increases the production of butyrate compared with wild type. RESULTS In this work, the fermentation kinetics of C. tyrobutyricum cultures after being classically adapted for growth at 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 g·L-1 equivalents were studied. The results showed that, regardless of the irradiation used, there was a gradual inhibition of cell growth at butyric acid concentrations above 10.8 g·L-1, with no growth observed at butyric acid concentrations above 3.6 g·L-1 for the wild-type strain during the first 54 h of fermentation. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also showed significantly different expression levels of proteins with molecular mass around the wild-type and irradiated strains. The results showed that the proportion of proteins with molecular weights of 85 and 106 kDa was much higher for the irradiated strains. The specific growth rate decreased by 50% (from 0.42 to 0.21 h-1) and the final concentration of butyrate increased by 68% (from 22.7 to 33.4 g·L-1) for the strain irradiated at 114 AMeV and 40 Gy compared with the wild-type strains. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that butyric acid production from glucose can be significantly improved and enhanced by using 12C6+ heavy ion-irradiated C. tyrobutyricum. The approach is economical, making it competitive compared with similar fermentation processes. It may prove useful as a first step in a combined method employing long-term continuous fermentation of acid-production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Hong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xue-Hu Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Xin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jia-Rong Xie
- China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Wen-Yue Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Liang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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148
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Nikzad S, Hashemi B, Hassan ZM, Mozdarani H. The Cell Survival of F10B16 Melanoma and 4T1 Breast Adenocarcinoma Irradiated to Gamma Radiation Using the MTT Assay Based on Two Different Calculation Methods. J Biomed Phys Eng 2013; 3:29-36. [PMID: 25505745 PMCID: PMC4204493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND various MTT assay methods are proposed to obtain the cell survival parameters. OBJECTIVE determining the survival curve characteristics of two cancerous cells of interest based on a common and a novel MTT assay method after exposing them to ionizing radiation. METHODS a common and a novel MTT assay method were used and compared for obtaining the F10B16 melanoma and 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma survivals after exposing them to ionizing radiation from a Co-60 machine. To obtain the survival parameters of the cells based on the common method, the cells were inoculated in 96-well plates. After irradiating the plates, the MTT assay was performed over the following days for a period of 8 days. Thereafter, the survival fraction was calculated from a simple equation for every day from which the best day was selected. To acquire the cells' survival parameters based on the novel method, extensive experiments were performed on a large number of samples. Then, the MTT assay was done in every day following various experimental treatments to acquire the exponential growth. Finally, the cells' survivals were determined by measuring the space between relevant growing curves. RESULTS at low doses (<4Gy) the two MTT assay methods indicated the same results. However, at higher doses there were significant differences among the findings. CONCLUSION both of the MTT methods indicated that the cells' responses are dependent on the dose levels used. Although the implementation of the common MTT assay method is simpler, the novel method seems to show more precise and reliable results at all levels of radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Nikzad
- Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Bijan Hashemi
- Associate Professor, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Zuhair-Mohammad Hassan
- Professor, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Professor, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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149
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Fujisawa H, Genik PC, Kitamura H, Fujimori A, Uesaka M, Kato TA. Comparison of human chordoma cell-kill for 290 MeV/n carbon ions versus 70 MeV protons in vitro. Radiat Oncol 2013; 8:91. [PMID: 23587329 PMCID: PMC3643831 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-8-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the pace of commissioning of new charged particle radiation therapy facilities is accelerating worldwide, biological data pertaining to chordomas, theoretically and clinically optimally suited targets for particle radiotherapy, are still lacking. In spite of the numerous clinical reports of successful treatment of these malignancies with this modality, the characterization of this malignancy remains hampered by its characteristic slow cell growth, particularly in vitro. METHODS Cellular lethality of U-CH1-N cells in response to different qualities of radiation was compared with immediate plating after radiation or as previously reported using the multilayered OptiCell™ system. The OptiCell™ system was used to evaluate cellular lethality over a broad dose-depth deposition range of particle radiation to anatomically mimic the clinical setting. Cells were irradiated with either 290 MeV/n accelerated carbon ions or 70 MeV accelerated protons and photons and evaluated through colony formation assays at a single position or at each depth, depending on the system. RESULTS There was a cell killing of approximately 20-40% for all radiation qualities in the OptiCell™ system in which chordoma cells are herein described as more radiation sensitive than regular colony formation assay. The relative biological effectiveness values were, however, similar in both in vitro systems for any given radiation quality. Relative biological effectiveness values of proton was 0.89, of 13-20 keV/μm carbon ions was 0.85, of 20-30 keV/μm carbon ions was 1.27, and >30 keV/μm carbon ions was 1.69. Carbon-ions killed cells depending on both the dose and the LET, while protons depended on the dose alone in the condition of our study. This is the first report and characterization of a direct comparison between the effects of charged particle carbon ions versus protons for a chordoma cell line in vitro. Our results support a potentially superior therapeutic value of carbon particle irradiation in chordoma patients. CONCLUSION Carbon ion therapy may have an advantage for chordoma radiotherapy because of higher cell-killing effect with high LET doses from biological observation in this study.
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150
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Su D, Yang Z, Li Q, Guan L, Zhang H, E D, Zhang L, Zhu S, Ma X. Identification and functional analysis of GJA8 mutation in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant perinuclear cataracts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59926. [PMID: 23555834 PMCID: PMC3612055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of eye disorders that causes visual impairment and childhood blindness. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic defect associated with autosomal dominant congenital perinuclear cataract in a Chinese family. A detailed family history and clinical data of the family were recorded, and candidate gene sequencing was performed to screen for mutation-causing disease in our study. Direct sequencing revealed a c.601G>A (p.E201K) transversion in exon 2 of GJA8. This mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals in the family and was not found in unaffected family members or 100 unrelated controls. The function and mechanism of novel GJA8 point mutation E201K in Chinese patients were then investigated in this study. We found E201K aberrantly located in cytoplasm and prevented its location in the plasma membrane. Induction of E201K expression led to a decrease in cell growth and viability by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Our study provides important evidence that GJA8 is a disease-causing gene for congenital cataract and that mutation of GJA8 has a potential causative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Su
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beiing, China
| | - Zhenfei Yang
- Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beiing, China
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beiing, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beiing, China
| | - Dandan E
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beiing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beiing, China
| | - Siquan Zhu
- Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beiing, China
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