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Watanabe A, Tsurui K, Yoneyama S, Iwata H, Anzai T, Jerome C, Nakae D. Effect of dosing frequency of teriparatide (PTH 1-34) on bone formation in rats: comparison of bone metabolism marker levels. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:435-442. [PMID: 29973475 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Teriparatide, a drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis, was administered to rats subcutaneously for the duration of 3 months, at a frequency of either once weekly or once daily to demonstrate the varying levels of anabolic action the drug can have on bone depending on the dosing frequency. The levels of biomarkers in the blood were compared and found to vary in osteocalcin (OC), a biomarker of bone formation, and cross-linked N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTx), a biomarker of bone resorption, according to the dosing frequency. In the once-weekly regimen, teriparatide did not affect NTx levels at any of the doses studied, while OC levels increased with dose, peaking at 72 hr, then returning to normal before the next injection (after 1 week). Bone mineral density (BMD) levels increased moderately with no difference between doses. This was thought to result from the steady state achieved following increases in bone formation and bone absorption. In the once-daily dosing regimen, meanwhile, NTx levels increased with dose, and OC levels were markedly higher when compared to those with the once-weekly dosing. BMD levels were higher than those with the once-weekly dosing, but with no difference between doses. This was considered a result of unlimited, excessive increases in bone formation due to daily administration of the drug. These results suggest that teriparatide promotes normal bone metabolism ("stationary mini-modeling") when administered once weekly, and has an anabolic action with high metabolic turnover ("high-turnover remodeling") when administered once daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Watanabe
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation.,Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Kazuyuki Tsurui
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation
| | | | - Hijiri Iwata
- LunaPath LLC Laboratory of Toxicologic Pathology
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102
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Sun Y, Kuek V, Liu Y, Tickner J, Yuan Y, Chen L, Zeng Z, Shao M, He W, Xu J. MiR-214 is an important regulator of the musculoskeletal metabolism and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:231-245. [PMID: 30076721 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MiR-214 belongs to a family of microRNA (small, highly conserved noncoding RNA molecules) precursors that play a pivotal role in biological functions, such as cellular function, tissue development, tissue homeostasis, and pathogenesis of diseases. Recently, miR-214 emerged as a critical regulator of musculoskeletal metabolism. Specifically, miR-214 can mediate skeletal muscle myogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. MiR-214 also modulates osteoblast function by targeting specific molecular pathways and the expression of various osteoblast-related genes; promotes osteoclast activity by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten); and mediates osteoclast-osteoblast intercellular crosstalk via an exosomal miRNA paracrine mechanism. Importantly, dysregulation in miR-214 expression is associated with pathological bone conditions such as osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, and osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer. This review discusses the cellular targets of miR-214 in bone, the molecular mechanisms governing the activities of miR-214 in the musculoskeletal system, and the putative role of miR-214 in skeletal diseases. Understanding the biology of miR-214 could potentially lead to the development of miR-214 as a possible biomarker and a therapeutic target for musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqiang Sun
- The Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Vincent Kuek
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuhao Liu
- The Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- The Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikui Zeng
- The Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Shao
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei He
- The Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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103
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Kumar C, Sharma R, Das T, Korde A, Sarma H, Banerjee S, Dash A. 177Lu-DOTMP induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MG63 cell line. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:837-846. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Aruna Korde
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Haladhar Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- Radiation Medicine Centre; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
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104
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Catalano A, Chilà D, Bellone F, Nicocia G, Martino G, Loddo I, Morabito N, Benvenga S, Loddo S. Incidence of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients: Is it changing? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2018; 13:9-13. [PMID: 30023309 PMCID: PMC6047106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of calcium metabolism are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Hypocalcemia accounted for 27.72% and hypercalcemia for 4.74% of inpatients. Incidence of hypo- and hypercalcemia changed over time.
Disorders of calcium metabolism are frequently encountered in routine clinical practice. However limited data are available on the epidemiology of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients. This is a retrospective study based on the laboratory results of all hospitalized subjects (n = 12,334) whose calcemia was determined between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2014. Measurements of serum calcium were carried out by a single centralized laboratory. Hypocalcemia was defined as serum calcium levels <8.2 mg/dl and hypercalcemia as serum calcium levels >10.4 mg/dl. Albumin correction was applied to adjust serum calcium values. Overall, hypocalcemia accounted for 27.72% (n = 3420) and hypercalcemia for 4.74% (n = 585) of the 12,334 inpatients. The highest prevalence of hypocalcemia was found in patients over 65 yr. (n = 2097, 61.31%) vs. younger subjects, while the highest prevalence of hypercalcemia was observed in patients aged 0–18 yr. (n = 380, 64.95%). Hypocalcemia was more often encountered in males (n = 1952, 57.07%) while no gender differences were found regarding hypercalcemia. Incidence of hypocalcemia changed over time varying from 35.42% (n = 1061) in 2011 to 21.93% (n = 672) in 2014 (r = −0.98; p = 0.01). Differently, incidence of hypercalcemia did not significantly increase significantly from 3.47% (n = 104) in 2011 to 6.92% (n = 211) in 2014 (r = 0.94; p = 0.052). Despite increased awareness about electrolytes disturbance, physicians should consider calcium levels because of life-threatening consequences associated to hypo- and hypercalcemia. Patient’s gender and age could be associated to a different risk of calcium disturbance in hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D Chilà
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Bellone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Nicocia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Martino
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Education and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - I Loddo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies - ISMETT - IRCCS, Palermo, Italy
| | - N Morabito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - S Loddo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
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105
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Ma YV, Lam C, Dalmia S, Gao P, Young J, Middleton K, Liu C, Xu H, You L. Mechanical regulation of breast cancer migration and apoptosis via direct and indirect osteocyte signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5665-5675. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Heng V. Ma
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Candy Lam
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Shreyash Dalmia
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Gao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jacob Young
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin Middleton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Henry Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lidan You
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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106
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Cosphiadi I, Atmakusumah TD, Siregar NC, Muthalib A, Harahap A, Mansyur M. Bone Metastasis in Advanced Breast Cancer: Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e1117-e1122. [PMID: 29609951 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% to 40% of breast cancer recurrences involve bone metastasis (BM). Certain genes have been linked to BM; however, none have been able to predict bone involvement. In this study, we analyzed gene expression profiles in advanced breast cancer patients to elucidate genes that can be used to predict BM. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 92 advanced breast cancer patients, including 46 patients with BM and 46 patients without BM, were identified for this study. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis was performed on 81 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Data were collected through medical records, and gene expression of 200 selected genes compiled from 6 previous studies was performed using NanoString nCounter. RESULTS Genetic expression profiles showed that 22 genes were significantly differentially expressed between breast cancer patients with metastasis in bone and other organs (BM+) and non-BM, whereas subjects with only BM showed 17 significantly differentially expressed genes. The following genes were associated with an increasing incidence of BM in the BM+ group: estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), and melanophilin with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.804. In the BM group, the following genes were associated with an increasing incidence of BM: ESR1, progesterone receptor, B-cell lymphoma 2, Rab escort protein, N-acetyltransferase 1, GATA3, annexin A9, and chromosome 9 open reading frame 116. ESR1 and GATA3 showed an increased strength of association with an AUC of 0.928. CONCLUSION A combination of the identified 3 genes in BM+ and 8 genes in BM showed better prediction than did each individual gene, and this combination can be used as a training set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irawan Cosphiadi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Tubagus D Atmakusumah
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurjati C Siregar
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Muthalib
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alida Harahap
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muchtarruddin Mansyur
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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107
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Raddeanin A suppresses breast cancer-associated osteolysis through inhibiting osteoclasts and breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29515110 PMCID: PMC5841366 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a severe complication of advanced breast cancer, resulting in osteolysis and increased mortality in patients. Raddeanin A (RA), isolated from traditional Chinese herbs, is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin with anticancer potential. In this study, we investigated the effects of RA in breast cancer-induced osteolysis and elucidated the possible mechanisms involved in this process. We first verified that RA could suppress osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro. Next, we confirmed that RA suppressed Ti-particle-induced osteolysis in a mouse calvarial model, possibly through inhibition of the SRC/AKT signaling pathway. A breast cancer-induced osteolysis mouse model further revealed the positive protective effects of RA by micro-computed tomography and histology. Finally, we demonstrated that RA inhibited invasion and AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate that RA is an effective inhibitor of breast cancer-induced osteolysis.
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108
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Dass CR, Chan A. Breast cancer bone metastases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:63-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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109
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Kim B, Kim HH, Lee ZH. α-Tocopheryl Succinate Inhibits Osteolytic Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Suppressing Migration of Cancer Cells and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand Expression of Osteoblasts. J Bone Metab 2018; 25:23-33. [PMID: 29564303 PMCID: PMC5854820 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women and has a high incidence of bone metastasis, causing osteolytic lesions. The elevated expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in cancer activates osteoclasts, leading to bone destruction. We previously reported that α-tocopheryl succinate (αTP-suc) inhibited interleukin-1-induced RANKL expression in osteoblasts. Here, we examined the effect of αTP-suc on osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer. Methods To examine the effect of αTP-suc on the metastatic capacity of breast cancer, MDA-MB-231-FL cells were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of BALB/c nude mice along with intraperitoneal injection of αTP-suc. The mice were then analyzed by bioluminescence imaging. To investigate the effect of αTP-suc on osteolysis, 4T1 cells were directly injected into the femur of BALB/c mice along with intraperitoneal injection of αTP-suc. Microcomputed tomography analysis and histomorphometric analysis of the femora were performed. Results αTP-suc inhibited cell migration and cell growth of 4T1 cells. In line with these results, bone metastasis of MDA-MB-231-FL cells was reduced in mice injected with αTP-suc. In addition, αTP-suc decreased osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting 4T1-induced RANKL expression in osteoblasts. Consistent with these results, 4T1-induced bone destruction was ameliorated by αTP-suc, with in vivo analysis showing reduced tumor burden and osteoclast numbers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that αTP-suc may be efficiently utilized to prevent and treat osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer with dual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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110
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Ouyang Z, Guo X, Chen X, Liu B, Zhang Q, Yin Z, Zhai Z, Qu X, Liu X, Peng D, Shen Y, Liu T, Zhang Q. Hypericin targets osteoclast and prevents breast cancer-induced bone metastasis via NFATc1 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1868-1884. [PMID: 29416737 PMCID: PMC5788605 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common target organ of metastasis of breast cancers. This produces considerable morbidity due to skeletal-related events, and severely reduces the quality of life. Increased osteoclast activity is implicated in breast cancer outgrowth in the bone microenvironment. Our previous observation of an anti-osteoclastic activity of hypericin, a natural plant compound, led us to investigate whether hypericin could inhibit bone metastasis and osteolysis caused by breast cancer. We find that hypericin inhibited the upregulation of osteoclasts stimulated by breast cancer cells. The activity of hypericin on osteoclasts and breast cancer-mediated osteoclastogenesis was associated with the inhibition of NFATc1 signaling pathway and attenuation of Ca2+ oscillation. Furthermore, hypericin suppresses invasion and migration in breast cancer cells, but has little effect on breast cancer-cell induced RANKL/OPG ratio in osteoblast or the expression of osteoclast-activating factors. Administration of hypericin could reduce tumor burden, osteolysis induced by direct inoculation of MDA-MB-231 cells into the bone marrow cavity of the tibia as well as metastasis of bone and improve survival in an experimental metastasis model by intracardiac injection of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that hypericin may be a potential natural agent for preventing and treating bone destruction in patients with bone metastasis due to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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111
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Nguyen TDT, Pitchaimani A, Ferrel C, Thakkar R, Aryal S. Nano-confinement-driven enhanced magnetic relaxivity of SPIONs for targeted tumor bioimaging. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:284-294. [PMID: 29210434 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are highly biocompatible and have a versatile synthetic technique based on coprecipitation, reduction-precipitation, and hydrothermal methods, where Fe3+ and Fe2+ react in aqueous solutions; both these ions are present in our body and have clear metabolic pathways; therefore, they have attracted extensive research interest and development in the field of diagnostic imaging and therapy. However, most SPION-based clinical diagnostic contrast agents are discontinued due to severe pain, low transverse magnetic relaxivity range of 80-180 mM-1 s-1, shorter circulation half-life, and lack of disease specificity. Therefore, in this study, we engineered a bone cancer-targeted hybrid nanoconstruct (HNC) with a high transverse magnetic relaxivity of 625 mM-1 s-1, which was significantly higher than that of clinical contrast agents. The engineered HNC is peripherally decorated with a bone-seeking agent, alendronic acid-conjugated phospholipid, exhibiting a hydrodynamic size of 80 nm with a negative surface potential, -35 mV. The interior skeleton of the HNC is composed of biodegradable and biocompatible poly(l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), in which 5 nm SPIONs are confined. We have successfully tuned the distance between the confined SPIONs from 0.5 to 4 nm, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and magnetic resonance image (MRI) phantoms. This cluster confinement dramatically enhances magnetic relaxivity possibly due to the increase in net local magnetization due to proximal field inhomogeneity. In an in vitro examination, 80% of HNC is found to bind with hydroxyapatite (HAp), which when characterized by TEM shows a painting of SPIONs over a HAp crystal. HNC is found to accumulate in mouse osteosarcoma tumor (K7M2 tumor model); both MRI and histological examination of the tumor show the potential of HNC as targeting agents for diagnosis of tumor in the bone.
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112
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Park S, Yoon JK, Jin Lee S, Kang SY, Yim H, An YS. Prognostic utility of FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy in breast cancer patients with bone-only metastasis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8985. [PMID: 29390293 PMCID: PMC5815705 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed this retrospective clinical study to examine the prognostic power of bone scintigraphy (BS) and F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in terms of overall survival (OS) of breast cancer with bone-only metastasis.We retrospectively evaluated 100 female invasive ductal breast cancer patients (mean age 48.1 years) with bone-only metastasis. Twenty-five patients had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumors, 65 were estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, HER2-negative tumors, and 10 were triple negative tumors. The patients were treated properly with various treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone, and bisphosphonate therapy, based on their clinical status. All patients underwent BS and FDG PET/CT at baseline and 1 year after treatment. The baseline and follow images were visually compared, and the patients were grouped as responders or nonresponders based on their images. OS was compared between the groups.The mean OS after the diagnosis of bone-only metastasis was 57.6 months. Fifty-one patients (51%) died within 5 years after diagnosis of metastasis. No difference in survival was evident between responders and nonresponders based on BS imaging data (P = .090). The response status based on PET imaging data waste only significant independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis (P = .001). Survival was lower in nonresponders than in responders based on PET imaging (32.7% vs 66.4%; P < .001).Our findings suggest that the response status according to FDG PET imaging can be used to predict OS in breast cancer patients with bone-only metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | - Joon-Kee Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | | | - Hyunee Yim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sil An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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113
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Abstract
Bone metastasis is one of the most common forms of metastasis from a number of different primary carcinomas. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression to control essential pathways, including those involved in bone organogenesis and homeostasis. As these pathways are often hijacked during bone metastasis, it is not surprising that miRNAs can also influence bone metastasis formation. Areas covered: In this review, we first summarize the major signalling pathways involved in normal bone development and bone metastasis. We will then discuss the overall roles of miRNAs in cancer metastasis and highlight the recent findings on the effects of miRNAs in bone metastasis. To this aim, we have performed a literature search in PubMed by using the search words 'miRNAs' and 'bone metastasis', selecting relevant scientific articles published between 2010 and 2016. Seminal publications before 2010 on the metastatic role of miRNAs have also been considered. Expert commentary: With the lack of current diagnostic biomarkers and effective targeted therapies for bone metastasis, the significant role of miRNAs in the regulation of bone homeostasis and bone metastasis may support the future use of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Cheung
- a Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Marta Buzzetti
- b Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences , University of Salford , Salford , UK
| | - Gianpiero Di Leva
- b Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences , University of Salford , Salford , UK
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114
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Angeloni V, Contessi N, De Marco C, Bertoldi S, Tanzi MC, Daidone MG, Farè S. Polyurethane foam scaffold as in vitro model for breast cancer bone metastasis. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:306-316. [PMID: 28927931 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) represents the most incident cancer case in women (29%), with high mortality rate. Bone metastasis occurs in 20-50% cases and, despite advances in BC research, the interactions between tumor cells and the metastatic microenvironment are still poorly understood. In vitro 3D models gained great interest in cancer research, thanks to the reproducibility, the 3D spatial cues and associated low costs, compared to in vivo and 2D in vitro models. In this study, we investigated the suitability of a poly-ether-urethane (PU) foam as 3D in vitro model to study the interactions between BC tumor-initiating cells and the bone microenvironment. PU foam open porosity (>70%) appeared suitable to mimic trabecular bone structure. The PU foam showed good mechanical properties under cyclic compression (E=69-109kPa), even if lower than human trabecular bone. The scaffold supported osteoblast SAOS-2 cell line proliferation, with no cytotoxic effects. Human adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) were cultured and differentiated into osteoblast lineage on the PU foam, as shown by alizarin red staining and RT-PCR, thus offering a bone biomimetic microenvironment to the further co-culture with BC derived tumor-initiating cells (MCFS). Tumor aggregates were observed after three weeks of co-culture by e-cadherin staining and SEM; modification in CaP distribution was identified by SEM-EDX and associated to the presence of tumor cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated the suitability of the PU foam to reproduce a bone biomimetic microenvironment, useful for the co-culture of human osteoblasts/BC tumor-initiating cells and to investigate their interaction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 3D in vitro models represent an outstanding alternative in the study of tumor metastases development, compared to traditional 2D in vitro cultures, which oversimplify the 3D tissue microenvironment, and in vivo studies, affected by low reproducibility and ethical issues. Several scaffold-based 3D in vitro models have been proposed to recapitulate the development of metastases in different body sites but, still, the crucial challenge is to correctly mimic the tissue to be modelled in terms of physical, mechanical and biological properties. Here, we prove the suitability of a porous polyurethane foam, synthesized using an appropriate formulaton, in mimicking the bone tissue microenvironment and in reproducing the metastatic colonization derived from human breast cancer, particularly evidencing the devastating effects on the bone extracellular matrix caused by metastatic spreading.
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115
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Wu ZQ, Chen XT, Xu YY, Tian MJ, Chen HY, Zhou GP, Xu HG. High uric acid (UA) downregulates bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) expression through inhibition of its promoter activity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85670-85679. [PMID: 29156749 PMCID: PMC5689639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases often occur in prostate cancers, lung cancers and breast cancers. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) is one of the most commonly used serological markers for clinical evaluation of bone metabolism. Here, we reported that high concentrations of uric acid (UA) caused decrease of BALP levels and revealed that the effect of high concentrations of UA on the BALP expression was through inhibition of its promoter activity. Our results suggested physicians to think about serum UA status of patients with advanced cancer to avoid misdiagnosis when BALP was used to diagnose or assess the extent of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Ming-Jie Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Hua-Guo Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
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116
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Mercatali L, Spadazzi C, Miserocchi G, Liverani C, De Vita A, Bongiovanni A, Recine F, Amadori D, Ibrahim T. Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930982 DOI: 10.3791/56311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between tumor cells and bone cells in the bone microenvironment is crucial to understanding the mechanism of bone metastasis formation. We developed an in vitro fully human preclinical model of a co-culture of breast cancer cells and monocytes undergoing differentiation towards osteoclasts. We optimized a model of osteoclastogenesis starting from a sample of peripheral blood collected from healthy donors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were first separated by density gradient centrifugation, seeded at a high density and induced to differentiate by adding two growth factors (GFs): receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF). The cells were left in culture for 14 days and then fixed and analyzed by downstream analysis. In osteolytic bone metastases, one of the effects of cancer cell arrival in bone is the induction of osteoclastogenesis. We thus challenged our model with co-cultures of breast cancer cells to study the differentiation power of cancer cells with respect to GFs. A straightforward way of studying cancer cell-osteoclast interaction is to perform indirect co-cultures based on the use of conditioned medium collected from breast cancer cell cultures and mixed with fresh medium. This mixture is then used to induce osteoclast differentiation. We also optimized a method of direct co-culture in which cancer cells and monocytes undergoing differentiation share the medium and exchange secreted factors. This is a significant improvement over the original indirect co-culture method as researchers can observe the reciprocal interactions of the two cell types and perform downstream analyses for both cancer cells and osteoclasts. This method enables us to study the effect of drugs on the metastatic bone microenvironment and to seed cell lines other than those derived from breast cancer. The model can also be used to study other diseases such as osteoporosis or other bone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS;
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS
| | - Dino Amadori
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS
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117
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Human antigen R-regulated CCL20 contributes to osteolytic breast cancer bone metastasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9610. [PMID: 28851919 PMCID: PMC5575024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer mainly spreads to bone, causing decreased survival of patient. Human antigen R (HuR) and chemokines are important molecules associated with mRNA stability and cell-cell interaction in cancer biology. Here, HuR knockdown inhibited bone metastasis and osteolysis of metastatic breast cancer cells in mice and HuR expression promoted the metastatic ability of cancer cells via CCL20 and GM-CSF. In contrast with the findings for GM-CSF, ELAVL1 and CCL20 expressions were markedly increased in breast tumor tissues and ELAVL1 expression showed a strong positive correlation with CCL20 expression in breast cancer subtypes, particularly the basal-like subtype. Metastasis-free survival and overall survival were decreased in the breast cancer patients with high CCL20 expression. We further confirmed the role of CCL20 in breast cancer bone metastasis. Intraperitoneal administration of anti-CCL20 antibodies inhibited osteolytic breast cancer bone metastasis in mice. Treatment with CCL20 noticeably promoted cell invasion and the secretion of MMP-2/9 in the basal-like triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, not the luminal. Moreover, CCL20 elevated the receptor activator of nuclear factors kappa-B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio in breast cancer and osteoblastic cells and mediated the crosstalk between these cells. Collectively, HuR-regulated CCL20 may be an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer bone metastasis.
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118
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Browne AJ, Kubasch ML, Göbel A, Hadji P, Chen D, Rauner M, Stölzel F, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD. Concurrent antitumor and bone-protective effects of everolimus in osteotropic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:92. [PMID: 28793923 PMCID: PMC5551016 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus is approved as an antitumor agent in advanced estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Surrogate bone marker data from clinical trials suggest effects on bone metabolism, but the mode of action of everolimus in bone biology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed potential bone-protective effects of everolimus in the context of osteotropic tumors. Methods The effects of everolimus on cancer cell viability in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo were assessed. Everolimus-regulated osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis were also assessed in vitro before we assessed the bone-protective effect of everolimus in a model where bone loss was induced in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Finally, the role of everolimus in the progression of osteolytic bone disease was assessed in an intracardiac model of breast cancer bone metastases. Results At low concentrations (1 nM) in vitro, everolimus reduced the viability of human and murine cancer cell lines and impaired the osteoclastogenesis of osteoclast progenitors as assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and counting tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, multinucleated osteoclasts (p < 0.001). Everolimus had little or no deleterious effect on osteoblastogenesis in vitro, with concentrations of 1 and 10 nM increasing the messenger RNA expression of osteoblast marker genes (p ≤ 0.05) and leaving mineralization in differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells unchanged. Everolimus treatment (1 mg/kg body weight/day) prevented the bone loss observed in OVX mice and concurrently inhibited the metastatic growth of MDA-MB-231 cells by 70% (p < 0.002) while preserving bone mass in an intracardiac model of bone metastasis. Conclusions These results underline the antitumor effects of everolimus and highlight its bone-protective efficacy, warranting further research on the potential implications on bone health in populations prone to osteoporosis and bone metastases, such as postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0885-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Browne
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie L Kubasch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peyman Hadji
- Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - David Chen
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine I, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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119
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Systematic review and meta-analysis on the proportion of patients with breast cancer who develop bone metastases. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 115:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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120
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Sharma R, Kumar C, Mallia MB, Kameswaran M, Sarma HD, Banerjee S, Dash A. In Vitro Evaluation of 188Re-HEDP: A Mechanistic View of Bone Pain Palliations. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:184-191. [PMID: 28598690 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is common in advanced stages of various cancers, particularly of the prostate and breast carcinoma. 188Re-HEDP (1-hydroxyethane 1, 1-diphosphonic acid) is a clinically established radiopharmaceutical for bone pain palliation of osseous metastasis, and it takes advantage of high bone affinity. The present work aims at elucidating the possible mechanisms of cell killing by 188Re-HEDP in osteosarcoma cells and biodistribution studies in mice.188Re-HEDP complex was prepared by using lyophilized HEDP kits prepared in-house. In vitro cellular uptake in mineralized bone matrix was found to be 13.41% ± 0.46% (at 2 hours), which was reduced to 2.44% ± 0.12% in the presence of excess amounts of unlabeled HEDP ligand. Uptake of 188Re-HEDP in bones of normal Swiss mice in vivo and mineralized bone in vitro indicated its affinity toward the bone matrix. The study also revealed that cellular toxicity and G2/M cell cycle arrest were dose dependent. At higher doses, G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed, which might be the major cause of cell death and a possible mechanism of bone pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Madhava B Mallia
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar D Sarma
- 2 Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- 3 Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
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121
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Shaker OG, Helmy HS. Circulating Bone-related Markers and YKL-40 Versus HER2 and TOPO2a in Bone Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer: Diagnostic Implications. Clin Breast Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28645722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone represents one of the most common sites of metastases in breast cancer. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of several circulating markers to detect metastasis to bones in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Receptor activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa β (NF-Kβ) ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegrin (OPG), vitamin D (VIT D), Chitinase-3-like protein 1; also known as YKL-40, topoisomerase IIα (TOPO2a), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were measured in blood samples obtained from 122 patients with breast cancer and 25 healthy controls. RESULTS All biomarkers were significantly elevated in patients with breast cancer with bone metastasis compared with nonmetastatic patients except YKL-40. RANKL had the highest diagnostic performance for bone metastasis detection with an area under the curve of 97.3, a sensitivity of 85%, and a specificity of 98.6%. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis resulted in a model of RANKL combined with HER2 that had even higher discriminatory power of metastasis to bones than that of RANKL alone. Overall correct classification of the model was 98.9%. CONCLUSION We recommend that measuring RANKL together with HER2 can be routinely applied to allow early detection of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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122
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Peng WX, Ye C, Dong WT, Yang LL, Wang CQ, Wei ZA, Wu JH, Li Q, Deng J, Zhang J. MicroRNA-34a alleviates steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head by targeting Tgif2 through OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1234-1243. [PMID: 28454497 PMCID: PMC5476337 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217703975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effect of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) targeting Tgif2 on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH) by regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. SD rats were divided into normal control and model (RNAKL rat models) groups. The model group was further assigned into model control, negative control, miR-34a mimics and miR-34a inhibitors groups. QRT-PCR was applied to detect miR-34a, Tgif2, OPG, RANK and RNAKL mRNA expressions. Femoral head tissues were collected for Micro-CT scanning and HE staining. QRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect expressions of miR-34a, Tgif2, OPG, RANK, RANKL and Runx2, OPN and OC in bone tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to testify the target relationship between miR-34a and Tgif2. Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed increased Tgif2, RANK and RANKL mRNA expressions, but decreased miR-34a and OPG mRNA expressions. Tgif2 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with miR-34a and OPG mRNA expressions. Micro-CT showed cystic degeneration of femoral head, with decreased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface area/bone volume and trabecular number in the model control group compared with the normal control group. Compared with the model control group, the miR-34a mimics group showed increased BV/TV and trabecular thickness and Runx2, OPN and OC expressions, while the parameters decreased in the miR-34a inhibitors group. Compared with the normal control group, the other groups showed increased Tgif2, RANK and RANKL expressions but decreased miR-34a and OPG expressions. Compared with the model control group, Tgif2, RANK and RANKL expressions decreased and miR-34a and OPG expressions increased in the miR-34a mimics group, while the miR-34a inhibitors group had a reverse trend in contrast to the miR-34a mimics group. Tgif2 is a target gene of miR-34a. In conclusion, miR-34a can alleviate SANFH through targeting Tgif2 and further regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. Impact statement miR-34a can alleviate SANFH through targeting Tgif2 and further regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway, which can be used as a new theoretical basis for SANFH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Xun Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Luo Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Ze-An Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, GuiYang 550004, P.R. China
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Liu J, Zeng Y, Shi S, Xu L, Zhang H, Pathak JL, Pan Y. Design of polyaspartic acid peptide-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles as a carrier of hydrophobic drugs targeting cancer metastasized to bone. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3561-3575. [PMID: 28507436 PMCID: PMC5428813 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s133787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer metastasized to bone is still a challenge due to hydrophobicity, instability, and lack of target specificity of anticancer drugs. Poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone) polymer (PEG-PCL) is an effective, biodegradable, and biocompatible hydrophobic drug carrier, but lacks bone specificity. Polyaspartic acid with eight peptide sequences, that is, (Asp)8, has a strong affinity to bone surface. The aim of this study was to synthesize (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles as a bone-specific carrier of hydrophobic drugs to treat cancer metastasized to bone. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy data showed that (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles (size 100 nm) were synthesized successfully. (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles did not promote erythrocyte aggregation. Fluorescence microscopy showed clear uptake of Nile red-loaded (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles by cancer cells. (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles did not show cytotoxic effect on MG63 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells at the concentration of 10-800 μg/mL. (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles bound with hydroxyapatite 2-fold more than PEG-PCL. Intravenously injected (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles accumulated 2.7-fold more on mice tibial bone, in comparison to PEG-PCL. Curcumin is a hydrophobic anticancer drug with bone anabolic properties. Curcumin was loaded in the (Asp)8-PEG-PCL. (Asp)8-PEG-PCL showed 11.07% loading capacity and 95.91% encapsulation efficiency of curcumin. The curcumin-loaded (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles gave sustained release of curcumin in high dose for >8 days. The curcumin-loaded (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles showed strong antitumorigenic effect on MG63, MCF7, and HeLa cancer cells. In conclusion, (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles were biocompatible, permeable in cells, a potent carrier, and an efficient releaser of hydrophobic anticancer drug and were bone specific. The curcumin-loaded (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles showed strong antitumorigenic ability in vitro. Therefore, (Asp)8-PEG-PCL nanoparticles could be a potent carrier of hydrophobic anticancer drugs to treat the cancer metastasized to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuai Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Lihua Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Hualin Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan
| | - Janak L Pathak
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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124
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Hayashi N, Iwamoto T, Qi Y, Niikura N, Santarpia L, Yamauchi H, Nakamura S, Hortobagyi GN, Pusztai L, Symmans WF, Ueno NT. Bone metastasis-related signaling pathways in breast cancers stratified by estrogen receptor status. J Cancer 2017; 8:1045-1052. [PMID: 28529618 PMCID: PMC5436258 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer bone metastasis (BCBM)-specific genes have been reported without considering biological differences based on estrogen receptor (ER) status. The aims of this study were to identify BCBM-specific genes using our patient dataset and validate previously reported BCBM-specific genes, and to determine whether ER-status-related biological differences matter in identification of BCBM-specific genes. Methods: We used Affymetrix GeneChips to analyze 365 primary human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative invasive breast cancer specimens. Genes that were differentially expressed between patients who developed bone metastasis and those who developed non-bone metastasis were identified using Cox proportional hazards model, and differential expression of gene sets was assessed using gene set analysis. We performed gene set analysis to determine whether biological function associated with bone metastasis were different by ER status using 2,246 functionally annotated gene sets assembled from Gene Ontology data base. Results: Among 16,712 probe sets, 592 were overexpressed in the bone metastasis cohort compared to the non-bone-metastasis cohort (false discovery rate ≤ 0.05). However, no BCBM-specific genes met our significance tests when the cancers were stratified by ER status. In ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers, 151 and 125 gene sets, respectively, were overexpressed for BCBM and the majority of BCBM-related pathways were different. Of significant gene sets, only 13 gene sets were overlapped between ER-positive and -negative cohorts. Conclusion: ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers have different biological pathways in BCBM development. We have yet to explore BCBM-related biomarkers and targets considering the biological features associated with BCBM depending on the ER status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takayuki Iwamoto
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoki Niikura
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Libero Santarpia
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hideko Yamauchi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seigo Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The purposes of this study are to examine the literature within the past 5 years regarding osteoporosis and offer a discussion on new topics and controversies. RECENT FINDINGS Patient compliance with therapy remains an issue. The effectiveness of Vitamin D and calcium are being called into question Atypical femur fractures have been associated with bisphosphonate and denosumab use. Treatment is both surgical and pharmaceutical. A multidisciplinary approach to osteoporotic fractures is important and having some form of fracture liaison service (FLS) improves the efficacy of osteoporotic care and decreases secondary fractures. Screening for osteoporosis remains low. Ultrasound may be cost-effective for diagnosis. Understanding of osteoporosis has come a long way in the medical community, but the translation to the lay community has lagged behind. Patients often take a laissez-faire attitude toward osteoporosis that can affect compliance. Information read by patients often focuses on complications, such as atypical femur fractures and myocardial infarctions. It is essential for providers to be able to discuss these issues with patients. Newer medications and more cost-effective diagnostic tests exist, but availability may be limited. FLS are effective, but the most cost-effective model for therapy still eludes us. Areas for further investigation include FLS models, the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation, and more ubiquitous and cost-effective diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Schweser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, N116, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Brett D Crist
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, N116, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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Suominen MI, Fagerlund KM, Rissanen JP, Konkol YM, Morko JP, Peng Z, Alhoniemi EJ, Laine SK, Corey E, Mumberg D, Ziegelbauer K, Käkönen SM, Halleen JM, Vessella RL, Scholz A. Radium-223 Inhibits Osseous Prostate Cancer Growth by Dual Targeting of Cancer Cells and Bone Microenvironment in Mouse Models. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4335-4346. [PMID: 28364014 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Radium-223 dichloride (radium-223, Xofigo), a targeted alpha therapy, is currently used for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone metastases. This study examines the mode-of-action and antitumor efficacy of radium-223 in two prostate cancer xenograft models.Experimental Design: Mice bearing intratibial LNCaP or LuCaP 58 tumors were randomized into groups (n = 12-17) based on lesion grade and/or serum PSA level and administered radium-223 (300 kBq/kg) or vehicle, twice at 4-week intervals. X-rays and serum samples were obtained biweekly. Soft tissue tumors were observed macroscopically at sacrifice. Tibiae were analyzed by gamma counter, micro-CT, autoradiography and histology.Results: Radium-223 inhibited tumor-induced osteoblastic bone growth and protected normal bone architecture, leading to reduced bone volume in LNCaP and abiraterone-resistant LuCaP 58 models. Furthermore, radium-223 resulted in lower PSA values and reduced total tissue and tumor areas, indicating that treatment constrains prostate cancer growth in bone. In addition, radium-223 suppressed abnormal bone metabolic activity as evidenced by decreased number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and reduced level of the bone formation marker PINP. Mode-of-action studies revealed that radium-223 was deposited in the intratumoral bone matrix. DNA double-strand breaks were induced in cancer cells within 24 hours after radium-223 treatment, and PSA levels were significantly lower 72 hours after treatment, providing further evidence of the antitumor effects.Conclusions: Taken together, radium-223 therapy exhibits a dual targeting mode-of-action that induces tumor cell death and suppresses tumor-induced pathologic bone formation in tumor microenvironment of osseous CRPC growth in mice. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4335-46. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - ZhiQi Peng
- Pharmatest Services Ltd., Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals Division, Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Ziegelbauer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals Division, Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sanna-Maria Käkönen
- Aurexel Life Sciences Ltd., Askainen, Finland.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Robert L Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Arne Scholz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals Division, Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Research Groups Oncology, Berlin, Germany.
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127
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Gandellini P, Doldi V, Zaffaroni N. microRNAs as players and signals in the metastatic cascade: Implications for the development of novel anti-metastatic therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:132-140. [PMID: 28344166 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence emerging from human tumor preclinical models clearly indicates that specific miRNAs, collectively termed "metastamirs," play a functional role in different steps of the metastatic cascade, by exerting either pro- or anti-metastatic functions, and behave as signaling mediators to enable tumor cell to colonize a specific organ. miRNAs also actively participate in the proficient interaction of cancer cells with tumor microenvironment, either at the primary or at the metastatic site. Circulating miRNAs, released by multiple cell types, following binding to proteins or encapsulation in extracellular vesicles, play a main role in this cross-talk by acting as transferrable messages. The documented involvement of specific miRNAs in the dissemination process has aroused interest in the development of miRNA-based strategies for the treatment of metastasis. Preclinical research carried out in tumor experimental models, using both miRNA replacement and miRNA inhibitory approaches, is encouraging towards translating miRNA-based strategies into human cancer therapy, based on the observed therapeutic activity in the absence of main toxicity. However, to accelerate their adoption in the clinic, further improvements in terms of efficacy and targeted delivery to the tumor are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gandellini
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Doldi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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128
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Marino S, Idris AI. Emerging therapeutic targets in cancer induced bone disease: A focus on the peripheral type 2 cannabinoid receptor. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:391-403. [PMID: 28274851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal complications are a common cause of morbidity in patients with primary bone cancer and bone metastases. The type 2 cannabinoid (Cnr2) receptor is implicated in cancer, bone metabolism and pain perception. Emerging data have uncovered the role of Cnr2 in the regulation of tumour-bone cell interactions and suggest that agents that target Cnr2 in the skeleton have potential efficacy in the reduction of skeletal complications associated with cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of findings relating to the role of Cnr2 receptor in the regulation of skeletal tumour growth, osteolysis and bone pain, and highlights the many unanswered questions and unmet needs. This review argues that development and testing of peripherally-acting, tumour-, Cnr2-selective ligands in preclinical models of metastatic cancer will pave the way for future research that will advance our knowledge about the basic mechanism(s) by which the endocannabinoid system regulate cancer metastasis, stimulate the development of a safer cannabis-based therapy for the treatment of cancer and provide policy makers with powerful tools to assess the science and therapeutic potential of cannabinoid-based therapy. Thus, offering the prospect of identifying selective Cnr2 ligands, as novel, alternative to cannabis herbal extracts for the treatment of advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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129
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Jin WJ, Kim B, Kim D, Park Choo HY, Kim HH, Ha H, Lee ZH. NF-κB signaling regulates cell-autonomous regulation of CXCL10 in breast cancer 4T1 cells. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e295. [PMID: 28209986 PMCID: PMC5336559 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 play a role in breast cancer metastasis to bone and osteoclast activation. However, the mechanism of CXCL10/CXCR3-induced intracellular signaling has not been fully investigated. To evaluate CXCL10-induced cellular events in the mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1, we developed a new synthetic CXCR3 antagonist JN-2. In this study, we observed that secretion of CXCL10 in the supernatant of 4T1 cells was gradually increased during cell growth. JN-2 inhibited basal and CXCL10-induced CXCL10 expression and cell motility in 4T1 cells. Treatment of 4T1 cells with CXCL10 increased the expression of P65, a subunit of the NF-κB pathway, via activation of the NF-κB transcriptional activity. Ectopic overexpression of P65 increased CXCL10 secretion and blunted JN-2-induced suppression of CXCL10 secretion, whereas overexpression of IκBα suppressed CXCL10 secretion. These results indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis creates a positive feedback loop through the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway in 4T1 cells. In addition, treatment of osteoblasts with conditioned medium from JN-2-treated 4T1 cells inhibited the expression of RANKL, a crucial cytokine for osteoclast differentiation, which resulted in an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation in the co-culture system of bone marrow-derived macrophages and osteoblasts. Direct intrafemoral injection of 4T1 cells induced severe bone destruction; however, this effect was suppressed by the CXCR3 antagonist via downregulation of P65 expression in an animal model. Collectively, these results suggest that the CXCL10/CXCR3-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway plays a role in the control of autonomous regulation of CXCL10 and malignant tumor properties in breast cancer 4T1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jong Jin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darong Kim
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Park Choo
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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130
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Nakajima K, Kho DH, Yanagawa T, Zimel M, Heath E, Hogan V, Raz A. Galectin-3 in bone tumor microenvironment: a beacon for individual skeletal metastasis management. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:333-46. [PMID: 27067726 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is frequently a secondary growth site of disseminated cancers, often leading to painful and devastating clinical outcomes. Metastatic cancer distorts bone marrow homeostasis through tumor-derived factors, which shapes different bone tumor microenvironments depending on the tumor cells' origin. Here, we propose a novel insight on tumor-secreted Galectin-3 (Gal-3) that controls the induction of an inflammatory cascade, differentiation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone marrow cells, resulting in bone destruction and therapeutic failure. In the approaching era of personalized medicine, the current treatment modalities targeting bone metastatic environments are provided to the patient with limited consideration of the cancer cells' origin. Our new outlook suggests delivering individual tumor microenvironment treatments based on the expression level/activity/functionality of tumor-derived factors, rather than utilizing a commonly shared therapeutic umbrella. The notion of "Gal-3-associated bone remodeling" could be the first step toward a specific personalized therapy for each cancer type generating a different bone niche in patients afflicted with non-curable bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nakajima
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Dong Hyo Kho
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Takashi Yanagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Melissa Zimel
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Elisabeth Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Victor Hogan
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
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131
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The Effect of Everolimus in an In Vitro Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Osteoclasts. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111827. [PMID: 27809291 PMCID: PMC5133828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease has a major impact on morbidity of breast cancer (BC) patients. Alterations in mTOR signaling are involved both in cancer progression and in osteoclast differentiation. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of mTOR inhibitor Everolimus (Eve) on osteoclastogenesis induced by triple negative BC cells. To this aim, we developed an in vitro human model of osteoclastogenesis from peripheral blood monocytes co-cultured with the triple negative SCP2 and the hormonal receptor positive MCF7 cell lines. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated by TRAP staining, evaluation of F actin rings and Calcitonin Receptor expression. Eve significantly reduced differentiation induced by cancer cells and resulted more effective when evaluated in combination with Denosumab and Zoledronic Acid (Zol). Combination with Zol showed a total abrogation of osteoclast differentiation induced by the triple negative cell line, not by MCF7. Finally, we observed that Eve was active in the inhibition of the crosstalk between cancer cells and osteoclasts reproduced by our model, highlighting a new therapeutic choice for the subsetting of triple negative BC patients. We observed a difference in the response to bone-targeted therapy with respect to BC subtypes. Our model may represent a valid platform for preclinical trials on bone-targeted drugs and for the study of the interplay of BC with bone stromal cells.
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132
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Elfar GA, Ebrahim MA, Elsherbiny NM, Eissa LA. Validity of Osteoprotegerin and Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand for the Detection of Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer. Oncol Res 2016; 25:641-650. [PMID: 27983911 PMCID: PMC7841017 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14768398678750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a robust antiresorptive molecule that acts as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), the mediator of osteoclastogenesis. This study was designed to explore the possible role of serum OPG and RANKL in detecting bone metastasis in breast cancer and its interaction with clinicopathologic parameters. Serum levels of RANKL and OPG were estimated in 44 metastatic and 36 nonmetastatic breast cancer patients using ELISA kits. Serum OPG levels were significantly reduced in patients with bone metastasis and correlated negatively with the number of bone lesions and CA 15-3 levels. At concentrations ≤82 pg/ml, OPG showed a high specificity in identifying the presence of bone metastasis (92%), albeit with low sensitivity (59%), which improved after the exclusion of diabetics and patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI). Serum RANKL levels were significantly higher in the presence of bone metastasis and hypercalcemia. At concentrations >12.5 pg/ml, RANKL had an associated sensitivity of 86%, albeit with low specificity (53%), in detecting bone metastasis. The RANKL/OPG ratio significantly increased in the presence of bone metastasis with appropriate sensitivity and specificity (73% and 72%, respectively) at a cutoff of ≥0.14 for the detection of bone metastasis. Serum OPG and RANKL/OPG ratios are promising biomarkers for detecting bone metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Elfar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ebrahim
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Laila A Eissa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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133
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What Is Breast in the Bone? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101764. [PMID: 27782069 PMCID: PMC5085788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal developmental program that prolactin generates in the mammary gland is usurped in the cancerous process and can be used out of its normal cellular context at a site of secondary metastasis. Prolactin is a pleiotropic peptide hormone and cytokine that is secreted from the pituitary gland, as well as from normal and cancerous breast cells. Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that prolactin is associated with mammary gland development, and also the increased risk of breast tumors and metastatic disease in postmenopausal women. Breast cancer spreads to the bone in approximately 70% of cases with advanced breast cancer. Despite treatment, new bone metastases will still occur in 30%–50% of patients. Only 20% of patients with bone metastases survive five years after the diagnosis of bone metastasis. The breast cancer cells in the bone microenvironment release soluble factors that engage osteoclasts and/or osteoblasts and result in bone breakdown. The breakdown of the bone matrix, in turn, enhances the proliferation of the cancer cells, creating a vicious cycle. Recently, it was shown that prolactin accelerated the breast cancer cell-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone breakdown by the regulation of breast cancer-secreted proteins. Interestingly, prolactin has the potential to affect multiple proteins that are involved in both breast development and likely bone metastasis, as well. Prolactin has normal bone homeostatic roles and, combined with the natural “recycling” of proteins in different tissues that can be used for breast development and function, or in bone function, increases the impact of prolactin signaling in breast cancer bone metastases. Thus, this review will focus on the role of prolactin in breast development, bone homeostasis and in breast cancer to bone metastases, covering the molecular aspects of the vicious cycle.
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134
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Kim W, Wysolmerski JJ. Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Breast Physiology and Cancer. Front Physiol 2016; 7:440. [PMID: 27746743 PMCID: PMC5043011 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in normal breast epithelial cells and in breast cancer cells. During lactation, activation of the CaSR in mammary epithelial cells increases calcium transport into milk and inhibits parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion into milk and into the circulation. The ability to sense changes in extracellular calcium allows the lactating breast to actively participate in the regulation of systemic calcium and bone metabolism, and to coordinate calcium usage with calcium availability during milk production. Interestingly, as compared to normal breast cells, in breast cancer cells, the regulation of PTHrP secretion by the CaSR becomes rewired due to a switch in its G-protein usage such that activation of the CaSR increases instead of decreases PTHrP production. In normal cells the CaSR couples to Gαi to inhibit cAMP and PTHrP production, whereas in breast cancer cells, it couples to Gαs to stimulate cAMP and PTHrP production. Activation of the CaSR on breast cancer cells regulates breast cancer cell proliferation, death and migration, in part, by stimulating PTHrP production. In this article, we discuss the biology of the CaSR in the normal breast and in breast cancer, and review recent findings suggesting that the CaSR activates a nuclear pathway of PTHrP action that stimulates cellular proliferation and inhibits cell death, helping cancer cells adapt to elevated extracellular calcium levels. Understanding the diverse actions mediated by the CaSR may help us better understand lactation physiology, breast cancer progression and osteolytic bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonnam Kim
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John J Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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135
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Strazic-Geljic I, Guberovic I, Didak B, Schmid-Antomarchi H, Schmid-Alliana A, Boukhechba F, Bouler JM, Scimeca JC, Verron E. Gallium, a promising candidate to disrupt the vicious cycle driving osteolytic metastases. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 116:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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136
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Yamaguchi M. The botanical molecule p-hydroxycinnamic acid as a new osteogenic agent: insight into the treatment of cancer bone metastases. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:193-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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137
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In Vitro Co-Culture Models of Breast Cancer Metastatic Progression towards Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091405. [PMID: 27571063 PMCID: PMC5037685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer frequently metastasizes to bone through a multistep process involving the detachment of cells from the primary tumor, their intravasation into the bloodstream, adhesion to the endothelium and extravasation into the bone, culminating with the establishment of a vicious cycle causing extensive bone lysis. In recent years, the crosstalk between tumor cells and secondary organs microenvironment is gaining much attention, being indicated as a crucial aspect in all metastatic steps. To investigate the complex interrelation between the tumor and the microenvironment, both in vitro and in vivo models have been exploited. In vitro models have some advantages over in vivo, mainly the possibility to thoroughly dissect in controlled conditions and with only human cells the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the metastatic progression. In this article we will review the main results deriving from in vitro co-culture models, describing mechanisms activated in the crosstalk between breast cancer and bone cells which drive the different metastatic steps.
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138
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Zhu W, Castro NJ, Cui H, Zhou X, Boualam B, McGrane R, Glazer RI, Zhang LG. A 3D printed nano bone matrix for characterization of breast cancer cell and osteoblast interactions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:315103. [PMID: 27346678 PMCID: PMC5192011 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/31/315103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is one of the most prevalent complications of late-stage breast cancer, in which the native bone matrix components, including osteoblasts, are intimately involved in tumor progression. The development of a successful in vitro model would greatly facilitate understanding the underlying mechanism of breast cancer bone invasion as well as provide a tool for effective discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we fabricated a series of in vitro bone matrices composed of a polyethylene glycol hydrogel and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite of varying concentrations to mimic the native bone microenvironment for the investigation of breast cancer bone metastasis. A stereolithography-based three-dimensional (3D) printer was used to fabricate the bone matrices with precisely controlled architecture. The interaction between breast cancer cells and osteoblasts was investigated in the optimized bone matrix. Using a Transwell® system to separate the two cell lines, breast cancer cells inhibited osteoblast proliferation, while osteoblasts stimulated breast cancer cell growth, whereas, both cell lines increased IL-8 secretion. Breast cancer cells co-cultured with osteoblasts within the 3D bone matrix formed multi-cellular spheroids in comparison to two-dimensional monolayers. These findings validate the use of our 3D printed bone matrices as an in vitro metastasis model, and highlights their potential for investigating breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Nathan J. Castro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Benchaa Boualam
- College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Robert McGrane
- College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Robert I. Glazer
- Department of Oncology, and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
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139
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Yamaguchi M, Murata T. Potential suppressive effects of gentian violet on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro: Comparison with gemcitabine. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1605-1609. [PMID: 27446479 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentian violet (GV), a cationic triphenylmethane dye, is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent. Recently, attention has been focused on GV as a potential chemotherapeutic and antiangiogenic agent. The present study was undertaken to determine the suppressive effects of GV on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. The proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was suppressed by culture with GV (1-200 nM). The suppressive effects of GV on cell proliferation were not potentiated in the presence of various inhibitors that induce cell cycle arrest in vitro. This finding suggested that GV inhibits G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. The suppressive effects of GV on proliferation are mediated through the inhibition of various signaling pathways or nuclear transcription in vitro. Moreover, the suppressive effects of GV on cell proliferation were compared with that of gemcitabine, a strong antitumor agent that induces nuclear DNA damage. Notably, the culture with gemcitabine >50 nM suppressed cell proliferation, while the effects of GV were observed at >1 nM. The suppressive effects of gemcitabine on cell proliferation were not potentiated by GV. Overall, the present study demonstrated that GV exhibits a potential suppressive effect on the proliferation of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
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Yamaguchi M, Osuka S, Weitzmann MN, Shoji M, Murata T. Increased regucalcin gene expression extends survival in breast cancer patients: Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses the proliferation and metastatic bone activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:812-22. [PMID: 27221776 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer is highly metastatic to bone and drives bone turnover. Breast cancer metastases cause osteolytic lesions and skeletal damage that leads to bone fractures. Regucalcin, which plays a pivotal role as an inhibitor of signal transduction and transcription activity, has been suggested to act as a suppressor of human cancer. In the present study, we compared the clinical outcome between 44 breast cancer patients with higher regucalcin expression and 43 patients with lower regucalcin expression. Prolonged relapse-free survival was identified in the patients with increased regucalcin gene expression. We further demonstrated that overexpression of full length, but not alternatively spliced variants of regucalcin, induces G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, suppressing the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells, a commonly used in vitro model of human breast cancer that metastasize to bone causing osteolytic lesions. Overexpression of regucalcin was found to suppress multiple signaling pathways including Akt, MAP kinase and SAPK/JNK, and NF-κB p65 and β-catenin along with increased p53, a tumor suppressor, and decreased K-ras, c-fos and c-jun. Moreover, we found that co-culture of regucalcin-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells with mouse bone marrow cells prevented enhanced osteoclastogenesis and suppressed mineralization in mouse bone marrow cells in vitro. Taken together, the present study suggests that regucalcin may have important anticancer properties in human breast cancer patients. Mechanistically, these effects are likely mediated through suppression of multiple signaling pathways, upregulation of p53 and downregulation of oncogenes leading to anti-proliferative effects and reduced metastases to bone, a phenotype associated with poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- The Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Mamoru Shoji
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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Rohanizadeh R, Deng Y, Verron E. Therapeutic actions of curcumin in bone disorders. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:793. [PMID: 26962450 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is the active component of turmeric extract derived from the Curcuma longa plant. In the last decade, curcumin has raised a considerable interest in medicine owing to its negligible toxicity and multiple therapeutic actions including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. Among the various molecular targets of curcumin, some are involved in bone remodeling, which strongly suggests that curcumin can affect the skeletal system. The review sheds light on the current and potential applications of curcumin to treat bone disorders characterized by an excessive resorption activity. Within the scope of this review, the novel formulations of curcumin to overcome its physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic constraints are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Rohanizadeh
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Deng
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elise Verron
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; INSERM, U791, LIOAD, Nantes, France
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Seong S, Kim JH, Kim N. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Modulating Osteoclast Differentiation and Function. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2016.23.3.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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143
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Welch D, Manton C, Hurst D. Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1): Robust Biological and Pathological Data, But Still Enigmatic Mechanism of Action. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 132:111-37. [PMID: 27613131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis requires coordinated expression of multiple genetic cassettes, often via epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. BRMS1 blocks metastasis, but not orthotopic tumor growth in multiple tumor types, presumably via SIN3 chromatin remodeling complexes. Although there is an abundance of strong data supporting BRMS1 as a metastasis suppressor, the mechanistic data directly connecting molecular pathways with inhibition of particular steps in metastasis are not well defined. In this review, the data for BRMS1-mediated metastasis suppression in multiple tumor types are discussed along with the steps in metastasis that are inhibited.
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Claudin 1 in Breast Cancer: New Insights. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1960-76. [PMID: 26633531 PMCID: PMC4693152 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin 1 is a small transmembrane protein responsible for maintaining the barrier function that exists between epithelial cells. A tight junction protein that regulates the paracellular transport of small ions across adjacent cells, claudin 1 maintains cellular polarity and plays a major role in cell-cell communication and epithelial cell homeostasis. Long considered to be a putative tumor suppressor in human breast cancer, new studies suggest a role much more complex. While most invasive breast cancers exhibit a down regulation or absence of claudin 1, some aggressive subtypes that exhibit high claudin 1 levels have now been described. Furthermore, a causal role for claudin 1 in breast cancer progression has recently been demonstrated in some breast cancer cell lines. In this review we highlight new insights into the role of claudin 1 in breast cancer, including its involvement in collective migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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Sutherland A, Forsyth A, Cong Y, Grant L, Juan TH, Lee JK, Klimowicz A, Petrillo SK, Hu J, Chan A, Boutillon F, Goffin V, Egan C, Tang PA, Cai L, Morris D, Magliocco A, Shemanko CS. The Role of Prolactin in Bone Metastasis and Breast Cancer Cell-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 108:djv338. [PMID: 26586670 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis to the bone is a deleterious aspect of breast cancer and is a preferred site that results in bone loss. Hormones such as prolactin (PRL) have not yet been studied for their role in modulating the secondary tumor bone microenvironment. METHODS We used quantitative immunohistochemistry with 134 samples of human primary breast cancer and 17 matched primary breast cancers and bone metastases. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted to evaluate the associations between high prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression and time to bone metastasis, adjusting for estrogen receptor status, lymph node status, and chemotherapy status. We assessed osteoclast differentiation, osteoclast size, and measured pit formation in dentine slices. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS High PRLR expression in the primary breast tumor was associated with a shorter time to metastasis that includes bone (PRLRAQUA Max-per 100 unit hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.00 to 1.07, P = .03). We observed the PRLR in rare samples of bone metastases and matched primary breast cancer. PRL treatment of breast cancer cells induced osteoclast differentiation and bone lysis via secreted factors and was abrogated by a PRLR antagonist (delta1-9-G129R-hPRL). We demonstrated that sonic hedgehog is a PRL-regulated cytokine in breast cancer cells and part of the mechanism that induces osteoclast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our evidence indicates that PRL-PRLR can escalate the impact of breast cancer on bone metastasis and that the presence of the PRLR in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer bone metastasis has the potential to modulate the microenvironment to induce lytic osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Sutherland
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Amanda Forsyth
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Yingying Cong
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Laurel Grant
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Tzu-Hua Juan
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Jae K Lee
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Alexander Klimowicz
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Stephanie K Petrillo
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Jinghui Hu
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Angela Chan
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Florence Boutillon
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Cay Egan
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Patricia A Tang
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Li Cai
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Don Morris
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Anthony Magliocco
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
| | - Carrie S Shemanko
- Affiliations of authors: University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute , Calgary , Canada (AS, AF, YC, LG, CSS); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Tampa, FL (THJ, JKL); Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Translational Labs , Calgary , Canada (AK, SKP, JH, AC, CE, PAT, DM, AM); Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team "Pathophysiology of PRL/GH" , Paris , France (FB, VG); Medical Department of Breast Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China (YC, LC); H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Pathology , Tampa, FL (AM)
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Suvannasankha A, Chirgwin JM. Role of bone-anabolic agents in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastases. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 16:484. [PMID: 25757219 PMCID: PMC4429670 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastases are an incurable complication afflicting the majority of patients who die from advanced breast cancer. They are most often osteolytic, characterized by net bone destruction and suppressed new bone formation. Life expectancy from first diagnosis of breast cancer bone metastases is several years, during which time skeletal-related events - including pain, fracture, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression - significantly degrade quality of life. The bone marrow niche can also confer hormonal and chemo-resistance. Most treatments for skeletal metastases target bone-destroying osteoclasts and are palliative. Recent results from the Breast cancer trials of Oral Everolimus-2 trial suggest that agents such as the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus may have efficacy against breast cancer bone metastases in part via stimulating osteoblasts as well as by inhibiting tumor growth. Selective estrogen receptor modulators similarly inhibit growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers while having positive effects on the skeleton. This review discusses the future role of bone-anabolic agents for the specific treatment of osteolytic breast cancer metastases. Agents with both anti-tumor and bone-anabolic actions have been tested in the setting of multiple myeloma, a hematological malignancy that causes severe osteolytic bone loss and suppression of osteoblastic new bone formation. Stimulation of osteoblast activity inhibits multiple myeloma growth - a strategy that might decrease breast cancer burden in osteolytic bone metastases. Proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and carfilzomib) inhibit the growth of myeloma directly and are anabolic for bone. Drugs with limited anti-tumor activity but which are anabolic for bone include intermittent parathyroid hormone and antibodies that neutralize the WNT inhibitors DKK1 and sclerostin, as well as the activin A blocker sotatercept and the osteoporosis drug strontium ranelate. Transforming growth factor-beta inhibitors have little tumor antiproliferative activity but block breast cancer production of osteolytic factors and are also anabolic for bone. Some of these treatments are already in clinical trials. This review provides an overview of agents with bone-anabolic properties, which may have utility in the treatment of breast cancer metastatic to the skeleton.
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147
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Zhu W, Holmes B, Glazer RI, Zhang LG. 3D printed nanocomposite matrix for the study of breast cancer bone metastasis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:69-79. [PMID: 26472048 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common metastatic sites of breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, in part due to an absence of advanced platforms for cancer culture and study that mimic the bone microenvironment. In the present study, we integrated a novel stereolithography-based 3D printer and a unique 3D printed nano-ink consisting of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles suspended in hydrogel to create a biomimetic bone-specific environment for evaluating breast cancer bone invasion. Breast cancer cells cultured in a geometrically optimized matrix exhibited spheroid morphology and migratory characteristics. Co-culture of tumor cells with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increased the formation of spheroid clusters. The 3D matrix also allowed for higher drug resistance of breast cancer cells than 2D culture. These results validate that our 3D bone matrix can mimic tumor bone microenvironments, suggesting that it can serve as a tool for studying metastasis and assessing drug sensitivity. From the Clinical Editor: Cancer remains a major cause of mortality for patients in the clinical setting. For breast cancer, bone is one of the most common metastatic sites. In this intriguing article, the authors developed a bone-like environment using 3D printing technology to investigate the underlying biology of bone metastasis. Their results would also allow a new model for other researchers who work on cancer to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin Holmes
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert I Glazer
- Department of Oncology, and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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148
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Wang N, Reeves KJ, Brown HK, Fowles ACM, Docherty FE, Ottewell PD, Croucher PI, Holen I, Eaton CL. The frequency of osteolytic bone metastasis is determined by conditions of the soil, not the number of seeds; evidence from in vivo models of breast and prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:124. [PMID: 26480944 PMCID: PMC4615337 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While both preclinical and clinical studies suggest that the frequency of growing skeletal metastases is elevated in individuals with higher bone turnover, it is unclear whether this is a result of increased numbers of tumour cells arriving in active sites or of higher numbers of tumour cells being induced to divide by the bone micro-environment. Here we have investigated how the differences in bone turnover affect seeding of tumour cells and/or development of overt osteolytic bone metastasis using in vivo models of hormone-independent breast and prostate cancer. METHODS Cohorts of 6 (young) and 16 (mature)-week old BALB/c nude mice were culled 1, 7 and 21 days after received intracardiac injection of luciferase expressing human prostate (PC3) or breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines labelled with a fluorescent cell membrane dye (Vybrant DiD). The presence of growing bone metastases was determined by bioluminescence using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and followed by anatomical confirmation of tumour metastatic sites post mortem, while the presence of individual fluorescently labelled tumour cells was evaluated using two-photon microscopy ex vivo. The bone remodelling activities were compared between young and mature naïve mice (both male and female) using micro-CT analysis, ELISA and bone histomorphometry. RESULTS Both prostate and breast cancer cells generated higher numbers of overt skeletal lesions in young mice (~80%) than in mature mice (~20%). Although mature mice presented with fewer overt bone metastases, the number of tumour cells arriving/colonizing in the tibias was comparable between young and mature animals. Young naïve mice had lower bone volume but higher bone formation and resorption activities compared to mature animals. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that higher frequencies of growing osteolytic skeletal metastases in these models are linked to increased bone turnover and not to the initial number of tumour cells entering the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Kimberley J Reeves
- Break Through Breast Cancer Research Unit, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Hannah K Brown
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Anne C M Fowles
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Freyja E Docherty
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Penelope D Ottewell
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Colby L Eaton
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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149
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Development of nanotheranostics against metastatic breast cancer--A focus on the biology & mechanistic approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1897-911. [PMID: 26454168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for metastatic breast cancer still remains to be a challenge since the currently available diagnostic and treatment strategies fail to detect the micro-metastasis resulting in higher mortality rate. Moreover, the lack of specificity to target circulating tumor cells is also a factor. In addition, currently available imaging modalities to identify the secondaries vary with respect to various metastatic anatomic areas and size of the tumor. The drawbacks associated with the existing clinical management of the metastatic breast cancer demands the requirement of multifunctional nanotheranostics, which could diagnose at macro- and microscopic level, target the solid as well as circulating tumor cells and control further progression with the simultaneous evaluation of treatment response in a single platform. However, without the understanding of the biology as well as preferential homing ability of circulating tumor cells at distant organs, it is quite impossible to address the existing challenges in the present diagnostics and therapeutics against the breast cancer metastasis. Hence this review outlines the severity of the problem, basic biology and organ specificity with the sequential steps for the secondary progression of disease followed by the various mechanistic approaches in diagnosis and therapy at different stages.
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150
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Pagani S, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Salamanna F, Borsari V. The active role of osteoporosis in the interaction between osteoblasts and bone metastases. Bone 2015; 79:176-82. [PMID: 26057367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To minimize the severity of bone metastases and to delay their onset, it is important to analyze the underlying biological mechanisms. The present study focused on the link between OP and metastatic cells, with particular attention to osteoblast behavior. METHODS Osteoblasts (OB) were isolated from the trabecular bone of iliac crest of healthy (SHAM) and ovariectomized (OVX) adult female rats and co-cultured with MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells as conditioned medium (CM) or alone (CTR) for 24h, 7 and 14 days and tested for cell viability, morphology and synthetic activity, i.e. C-terminal procollagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator for nuclear factor KB ligand and interleukin-8. RESULTS Osteoblast morphology showed a reduced organization in the OVX group, in particular in the CM condition. Conversely, the analysis of cell viability revealed significantly higher values in the OVXCM group with respect to the SHAMCM group at all experimental times, whereas the OVXCTR group had significantly lower values at 7 and 14 days in comparison to those of the SHAM group. ALP release was significantly lower in the CM condition than that of CTR at all timepoints, and so was procollagen type I at 7 and 14 days. The RANKL/OPG ratio showed significantly higher values in OVX osteoblasts in comparison with those of the SHAM group, both in CTR and in CM conditions at each experimental time. Finally, OVXCM showed significantly higher values of IL-8 than those of SHAMCM at 7 and 14 days. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate an influence of the metastatic cells on the osteoblastic physiology at different levels: morphology, viability, release of typical proteins, and also IL-8 as a proinflammatory cytokine, especially marked by osteoporosis. Further investigations might highlight the relationship between osteoblasts and breast cancer cells, which might be useful to improve common drugs used against osteoporosis and bone metastases, by enhancing the bone deposition/tumor progression ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagani
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Borsari
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Department RIT Rizzoli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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