101
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Soleimani A, Pashirzad M, Avan A, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:8899-8907. [PMID: 30556274 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation, growth, metastasis, and apoptosis. It has been shown that TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages of the disease, and as a tumor promoter in its late stages. Mutations in the TGF-β signaling components, the TGF-β receptors and cytoplasmic signaling transducers, are frequently observed in colorectal carcinomas. Exploiting specific TGF-β receptor agonist and antagonist with antitumor properties may be a way of controlling cancer progression. This review summarizes the regulatory role of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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102
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Yang W, Gong X, Wang X, Huang C. A mediator of phosphorylated Smad2/3, evodiamine, in the reversion of TAF-induced EMT in normal colonic epithelial cells. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:865-875. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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103
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Antitumor Research of the Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medical Plant Polygonum Cuspidatum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2313021. [PMID: 30584449 PMCID: PMC6280292 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2313021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the utilization of Chinese native medicine and other plant extracts in the treatment of diseases has attracted extensive attention, especially in the area of malignant tumors. However, lots of herbal remedies active ingredients have not been found or have been discovered but not effectively developed and applied. Therefore, screening new Chinese medicine active components and determining their antitumor effects have become a new breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of tumor disease. In the past years, a large number of studies have demonstrated that Polygonum cuspidatum and its active components like resveratrol showed excellent antitumor activities, including our own antitumor studies about resveratrol in colorectal cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum and its active components in tumor diseases and provide theoretical basis for further scientific experiments and clinical applications.
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104
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Zhao Y, Lin H, Jiang J, Ge M, Liang X. TBL1XR1 as a potential therapeutic target that promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:91-98. [PMID: 30651768 PMCID: PMC6307521 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) has been demonstrated to serve a vital role in tumor progression. However, the biological role and molecular mechanisms of TBL1XR1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remain largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biological role of TBL1XR1 and its mechanism in lung SCC. TBL1XR1 was expressed in a human bronchial epithelial cell line and in lung SCC cell lines. The present study analyzed TBL1XR1-induced proliferation, invasion and migration abilities in vitro using the cell counting kit-8 assay, cell invasion assay and wound healing assay, respectively. This study examined the effects of TBL1XR1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung SCC cells and activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) signaling pathway by western blotting. The results indicated that TBL1XR1 was upregulated in lung SCC cells. Overexpression of TBL1XR1 increased the rate of cell proliferation compared with the control group. In vitro, overexpression of TBL1XR1 promoted cell invasion and migration ability compared with the control group. In addition, overexpression of TBL1XR1 produced a mesenchymal phenotype, while cells with downregulated TBL1XR1 produced an epithelial phenotype. Overexpression of TBL1XR1 significantly increased E-cadherin protein expression whilst snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1), zinc finger E-box binding homebox 1 (ZEB1), p-Smad2/3, Smad2 and Smad3 protein expression was significantly reduced, compared with the control group. Downregulation of TBL1XR1 produced the opposite results. The present study indicated that TBL1XR1 contributed to lung SCC development and progression, and therefore TBL1XR1 may be a potential therapeutic target. TBL1XR1 may induce EMT of lung SCC cells through activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Mengxi Ge
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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105
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IOP lowering effect of topical trans-resveratrol involves adenosine receptors and TGF-β2 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 838:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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106
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Zhuang YW, Wu CE, Zhou JY, Zhao ZM, Liu CL, Shen JY, Cai H, Liu SL. Solasodine reverses stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:485-491. [PMID: 30268504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adverse side effects of conventional chemotherapy, acquired resistance and fatal tumor metastasis of human colorectal cancer (CRC) are propelling the exploration for novel selective anticarcinogens. Solasodine is a main active component isolated from Solanum incanum L that exhibited a potent stemness and invasion inhibitory effect on human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Colony Spheroid formation assay showed that solasodine dose-dependently prohibited HCT116 cell stemness. CD133, CD44, Nanog, Oct-4 and Sox-2 were inhibited by solasodine to reverse stemness and similar mechanism was stimulated in vivo. Transwell and scratch wound assays revealed that solasodine impeded HCT116 cell invasion and migration potential strengthened by TGF-β1. Moreover, solasodine attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT and decreased MMPs while in vivo study showed the same trend. The results of this study implied that solasodine may be a novel therapeutic drug for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhuang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cun-En Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Yi Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shen-Lin Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China.
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107
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhang T, Zhou Q, Liu J, Liu Y, Kong D, Yu W, Liu R, Hai C. TGF-β1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via inhibiting mitochondrial functions in A549 cells. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1432-1444. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingbiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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108
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Elshaer M, Chen Y, Wang XJ, Tang X. Resveratrol: An overview of its anti-cancer mechanisms. Life Sci 2018; 207:340-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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109
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Han SY, Jeong YJ, Choi Y, Hwang SK, Bae YS, Chang YC. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces the invasive phenotype, and cell migration and invasion, through the induction of AKT and AMPK pathways in lung cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1644-1652. [PMID: 29916527 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known for their important roles in oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and ion homeostasis. Although the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on tumorigenesis in various cancer cells have been reported, the correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer development and metastasis has not been well elucidated. In the present study, the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on EMT and migration in lung cancer cells were investigated using inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, oligomycin A and antimycin A. Oligomycin A and antimycin A induced distinct mesenchymal‑like morphological features in H23, H1793 and A549 lung cancer cells. In addition, they decreased the expression levels of the epithelial marker protein E‑cadherin, but increased the expression levels of the mesenchymal marker proteins Vimentin, Snail and Slug. The results of immunofluorescence staining indicated that oligomycin A and antimycin A downregulated cortical E‑cadherin expression and upregulated the expression of Vimentin. In addition, oligomycin A and antimycin A increased the migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells, and promoted the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑protein kinase B (AKT) and p‑AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK). Notably, the production of reactive oxygen species by oligomycin A and antimycin A did not affect the expression of EMT protein markers. Conversely, treatment with the AKT inhibitor wortmannin and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C upregulated E‑cadherin and downregulated Vimentin expression. These results suggested that oligomycin A and antimycin A may induce migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by inducing EMT via the upregulation of p‑AKT and p‑AMPK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yoon Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seuk Bae
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group,College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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110
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Kwon EJ, Park EJ, Yu H, Huh JS, Kim J, Cho M. SIRT-1 regulates TGF-β-induced dermal fibroblast migration via modulation of Cyr61 expression. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:245-254. [PMID: 28750181 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1360293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
SIRT1 is a NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that participates in cellular regulation. The increased migration of fibroblasts is an important phenotype in fibroblast activation. The role of SIRT1 in cell migration remains controversial as to whether SIRT1 acts as an activator or suppressor of cell migration. Therefore, we have established the role of SIRT1 in the migration of human dermal fibroblasts and explored targets of SIRT1 during dermal fibroblast migration. SIRT1 and Cyr61 were expressed in human dermal fibroblasts and the stimulation with TGF-β further induced their expression. Treatment with resveratrol (RSV), a SIRT1 agonist, or overexpression of SIRT1 also promoted the expression Cyr61 in human dermal fibroblasts, whereas the inhibition of SIRT1 activity by nicotinamide or knockdown of SIRT1 decreased the level of Cyr61, as well as TGF-β or RSV-induced Cyr61 expression. Blocking of ERK signaling by PD98509 reduced the expression of Cyr61 induced by TGF-β or RSV. TGF-β, RSV, or SIRT1 overexpression enhanced β-catenin as well as Cyr61 expression. This stimulation was reduced by the Wnt inhibitor XAV939. RSV increased migration and nicotinamide attenuated RSV-induced migration of human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, SIRT1 overexpression promoted cell migration, whereas blocking Cyr61 attenuated SIRT1-stimulated migration of human dermal fibroblasts. SIRT1 increased cell migration by stimulating Cyr61 expression and the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. SIRT1-induced Cyr61 activity is very important for human dermal fibroblasts migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Kwon
- a Department of Medicine , Jeju National University School of Medicine , Jeju , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Jeju National University Hospital , Jeju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Yu
- c Department of Biochemistry , Jeju National University School of Medicine , Jeju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sik Huh
- d Departmnet of Urology , Jeju National University Hospital , Jeju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Kim
- a Department of Medicine , Jeju National University School of Medicine , Jeju , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Jeju National University Hospital , Jeju , Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjae Cho
- c Department of Biochemistry , Jeju National University School of Medicine , Jeju , Republic of Korea
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111
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NUSAP1 gene silencing inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion through inhibiting DNMT1 gene expression in human colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:216-221. [PMID: 29608915 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cause of cancer-related death in both female and male patients, with a high capacity for tumor migration and invasion. Recently, aberrant nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) expression has been reported in several cancers. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of NUSAP1 in CRC have not been reported. Here, we demonstrated that NUSAP1 gene expression was notably upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines (Caco2, LS174T, SW480, and LoVo). Subsequently, SW480 and LoVo cells were transfected with NUSAP1 siRNA, respectively, and the biological function of NUSAP1 was investigated. Results indicated that NUSAP1 silencing by siRNA inhibited CRC cell proliferation, and induces cell apoptosis. Moreover, NUSAP1 knockdown suppressed cell migration, cell invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, NUSAP1 silencing notably inhibited the mRNA and protein expression level of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). DNMT1 overexpression partly rescued the effect of NUSAP1 silencing on colorectal cancer biological function. Taken together, NUSAP1 gene silencing induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion, and EMT in colorectal cancer through inhibiting DNMT1 gene expression. These findings indicat that NUSAP1 is a promising molecular target for CRC treatment.
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112
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McCubrey JA, Lertpiriyapong K, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Yang LV, Murata RM, Rosalen PL, Scalisi A, Neri LM, Cocco L, Ratti S, Martelli AM, Laidler P, Dulińska-Litewka J, Rakus D, Gizak A, Lombardi P, Nicoletti F, Candido S, Libra M, Montalto G, Cervello M. Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1477-1536. [PMID: 28611316 PMCID: PMC5509453 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural products or nutraceuticals have been shown to elicit anti-aging, anti-cancer and other health-enhancing effects. A key target of the effects of natural products may be the regulation of microRNA (miR) expression which results in cell death or prevents aging, diabetes, cardiovascular and other diseases. This review will focus on a few natural products, especially on resveratrol (RES), curcumin (CUR) and berberine (BBR). RES is obtained from the skins of grapes and other fruits and berries. RES may extend human lifespan by activating the sirtuins and SIRT1 molecules. CUR is isolated from the root of turmeric (Curcuma longa). CUR is currently used in the treatment of many disorders, especially in those involving an inflammatory process. CUR and modified derivatives have been shown to have potent anti-cancer effects, especially on cancer stem cells (CSC). BBR is also isolated from various plants (e.g., Coptis chinensis) and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as adult- onset diabetes. Understanding the benefits of these and other nutraceuticals may result in approaches to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Steve L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Ramiro M Murata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.,Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Pedro L Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP-Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncological, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
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113
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Sun Y, Schaar A, Sukumaran P, Dhasarathy A, Singh BB. TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells is mediated via TRPM7 expression. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:752-761. [PMID: 29500887 PMCID: PMC5947546 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors, such as the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), play an important role in promoting metastasis of prostate cancer, thus understanding how TGFβ could induce prostate cancer cell migration may enable us to develop targeted strategies for treatment of advanced metastatic prostate cancer. To more clearly define the mechanism(s) involved in prostate cancer cell migration, we undertook a series of studies utilizing non‐malignant prostate epithelial cells RWPE1 and prostate cancer DU145 and PC3 cells. Our studies show that increased cell migration was observed in prostate cancer cells, which was mediated through epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, addition of Mg2+, but not Ca2+, increased cell migration. Furthermore, TRPM7 expression, which functions as an Mg2+ influx channel, was also increased in prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of TRPM7 currents by 2‐APB, significantly blocked cell migration in both DU145 and PC3 cells. Addition of growth factor TGFβ showed a further increase in cell migration, which was again blocked by the addition of 2‐APB. Importantly, TGFβ addition also significantly increased TRPM7 expression and function, and silencing of TRPM7 negated TGFβ‐induced cell migration along with a decrease in EMT markers showing loss of cell adhesion. Furthermore, resveratrol, which decreases prostate cancer cell migration, inhibited TRPM7 expression and function including TGFβ‐induced cell migration and activation of TRPM7 function. Together, these results suggest that Mg2+ influx via TRPM7 promotes cell migration by inducing EMT in prostate cancer cells and resveratrol negatively modulates TRPM7 function thereby inhibiting prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Archana Dhasarathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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Regulation of Cell Signaling Pathways and miRNAs by Resveratrol in Different Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030652. [PMID: 29495357 PMCID: PMC5877513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic and proteomic studies have helped improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of cancer development and progression. Mutations, overexpressed oncogenes, inactivated/downregulated tumor suppressors, loss of apoptosis, and dysregulated signal transduction cascades are some of the well-studied areas of research. Resveratrol has gained considerable attention in the last two decades because of its pleiotropic anticancer activities. In this review, we have summarized the regulation of WNT, SHH (sonic hedgehog)/GLI (glioma-associated oncogene homolog), TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor beta 1)/SMAD, NOTCH, TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription), and microRNAs by resveratrol in different cancers. The importance of these signaling pathways in cancer progression, along with their modulation by resveratrol, is discussed. Further, we also evaluate the mechanisms and implications of the downregulation of oncogenic miRNAs and the upregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs by resveratrol, both of which also define its ability to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. It is envisioned that designing effective clinical trials will be helpful for the identification of resveratrol responders and non-responders and the elucidation of how this phytochemical can be combined with current therapeutic options to improve their clinical efficacy and reduce off-target effects.
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Chen DW, Wang H, Bao YF, Xie K. Notch signaling molecule is involved in the invasion of MiaPaCa2 cells induced by CoCl2 via regulating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4965-4972. [PMID: 29393429 PMCID: PMC5865956 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer exhibits a high mortality rate resulting from metastasis and there is currently no effective treatment strategy. Hypoxia serves an important role in cancer cells, where cellular metabolic rate is high. The underlying mechanisms that trigger hypoxia and the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells remain unknown. Investigation of the importance of hypoxia in the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells for potential, novel treatment strategies is of primary concern. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, invasion assay, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the expression of Notch1 in MiaPaCa2 cells treated with cobalt II chloride (CoCl2). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) small interfering (si)RNA and Notch1 inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) were also selected to investigate these mechanisms. Data indicated that CoCl2 increased the invasion ability and altered EMT in MiaPaCa2 cells. CoCl2 regulated the expression of HIF-1α and Notch1 in MiaPaCa2 cells. In addition, HIF-1α siRNA inhibited the effects of CoCl2 on the expression of Notch1 and decreased Snail, EMT and invasion in MiaPaCa2 cells. DAPT increased the expression of epithelial-cadherin and decreased the content of neural-cadherin, Snail and invasion in MiaPaCa2 cells in the presence or absence of CoCl2. CoCl2 promoted invasion by stimulating the expression of HIF-1α and regulating the expression of Notch1 and EMT in MiaPaCa2 cells. Targeting the Notch1 signaling molecule may be a novel treatment strategy for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Fang Bao
- Caihe Street Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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116
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Polyphenols in Colorectal Cancer: Current State of Knowledge including Clinical Trials and Molecular Mechanism of Action. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4154185. [PMID: 29568751 PMCID: PMC5820674 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4154185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been reported to have wide spectrum of biological activities including major impact on initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer by modulating different signalling pathways. Colorectal cancer is the second most major cause of mortality and morbidity among females and the third among males. The objective of this review is to describe the activity of a variety of polyphenols in colorectal cancer in clinical trials, preclinical studies, and primary research. The molecular mechanisms of major polyphenols related to their beneficial effects on colorectal cancer are also addressed. Synthetic modifications and other future directions towards exploiting of natural polyphenols against colorectal cancer are discussed in the last section.
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117
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Fedorova MS, Snezhkina AV, Pudova EA, Abramov IS, Lipatova AV, Kharitonov SL, Sadritdinova AF, Nyushko KM, Klimina KM, Belyakov MM, Slavnova EN, Melnikova NV, Chernichenko MA, Sidorov DV, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV. Upregulation of NETO2 gene in colorectal cancer. BMC Genet 2017; 18:117. [PMID: 29297384 PMCID: PMC5751543 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2 (NETO2) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that has been shown primarily implicated in neuron-specific processes. Upregulation of NETO2 gene was also detected in several cancer types. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it was associated with tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis, and seems to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanism of NETO2 action is still poorly understood. RESULTS We have revealed significant increase in the expression of NETO2 gene and deregulation of eight EMT-related genes in CRC. Four of them were upregulated (TWIST1, SNAIL1, LEF1, and FOXA2); the mRNA levels of other genes (FOXA1, BMP2, BMP5, and SMAD7) were decreased. Expression of NETO2 gene was weakly correlated with that of genes involved in the EMT process. CONCLUSIONS We found considerable NETO2 upregulation, but no significant correlation between the expression of NETO2 and EMT-related genes in CRC. Thus, NETO2 may be involved in CRC progression, but is not directly associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena A. Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Abramov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey L. Kharitonov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Asiya F. Sadritdinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill M. Nyushko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya M. Klimina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Belyakov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Slavnova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Chernichenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Sidorov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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118
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Ko JH, Sethi G, Um JY, Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Kumar AP, Bishayee A, Ahn KS. The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122589. [PMID: 29194365 PMCID: PMC5751192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product compounds have recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community for their potent effects against inflammation-driven diseases, including cancer. A significant amount of research, including preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies, has indicated that dietary consumption of polyphenols, found at high levels in cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits, may prevent the evolution of an array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer development is a carefully orchestrated progression where normal cells acquires mutations in their genetic makeup, which cause the cells to continuously grow, colonize, and metastasize to other organs such as the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Compounds that modulate these oncogenic processes can be considered as potential anti-cancer agents that may ultimately make it to clinical application. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene and a non-flavonoid polyphenol, is a phytoestrogen that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. It has been reported that resveratrol can reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells, and, when used in combination with clinically used drugs, it can sensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Several novel analogs of resveratrol have been developed with improved anti-cancer activity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. The current focus of this review is resveratrol’s in vivo and in vitro effects in a variety of cancers, and intracellular molecular targets modulated by this polyphenol. This is also accompanied by a comprehensive update of the various clinical trials that have demonstrated it to be a promising therapeutic and chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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119
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Oroxyloside inhibits human glioma progression by suppressing proliferation, metastasis and inducing apoptosis related pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1564-1574. [PMID: 29793319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma are linked to a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is necessary to explore and develop effective therapeutic strategy. Oroxyloside is a metabolite of oroxylin A. However, its inhibitory effects on cancer are little to be known. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oroxyloside on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in human glioma. The results indicated that oroxyloside significantly suppressed the proliferation of human glioma cells through inducing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase through reducing Cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) while enhancing p53 and p21 expressions. In addition, the migration of glioma cells was dramatically inhibited by oroxyloside in a dose-dependent manner, which was related to its modulation on extracellular matrix (ECM), as evidenced by up-regulated E-cadherin, and metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3), whereas down-regulated N-cadherin, Vimentin, Twist, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Syndecan-2. Furthermore, oroxyloside treatment markedly induced apoptosis in glioma cells through improving Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, accompanied with high release of cytochrome c (Cyto-c) into cytoplasm and subsequently increase of apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1). In vivo, oroxyloside administration significantly inhibited the glioma cell xenograft tumorigenesis through various signaling pathways, including suppression of Cyclin D1/CDK2 and ECM pathways, as well as potentiation of p53/p21 and Caspases pathways. Together, the findings above illustrated that oroxyloside, for the first time, was used as a promising candidate against human glioma.
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120
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Li L, Liu CC, Chen X, Xu S, Hernandez Cortes-Manno S, Cheng SH. Mechanistic Study of Bakuchiol-Induced Anti-breast Cancer Stem Cell and in Vivo Anti-metastasis Effects. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:746. [PMID: 29093680 PMCID: PMC5651275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are involved in cancer establishment, progression, and resistance to current treatments. We demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer effect of bakuchiol in a previous study. However, the ability of bakuchiol to target breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and inhibit breast cancer metastasis remains unknown. In the current study, we used the cell surface markers CD44 and CD24 to distinguish BCSCs from MCF-7 cells. Bakuchiol inhibited mammosphere formation and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in BCSCs. Moreover, bakuchiol induced apoptosis and suppressed the mitochondrial membrane potential of BCSCs. Bakuchiol upregulated the expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes, BNIP3 and DAPK2. Bakuchiol induced oxidative stress and altered lipogenesis in BCSCs. In zebrafish xenografts, bakuchiol inhibited breast cancer cell metastasis in vivo. In addition, bakuchiol altered the expression levels of metastasis-related genes through upregulating CK18 and downregulating Notch3, FASN, TGFBR1, and ACVR1B. Our study provides evidence for the anti-breast cancer potential of bakuchiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi C Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xueping Chen
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Shisan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Shuk H Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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121
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Jin Y, Chen W, Yang H, Yan Z, Lai Z, Feng J, Peng J, Lin J. Scutellaria barbata D. Don inhibits migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells via suppression of PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5527-5534. [PMID: 29285087 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the most aberrant behaviors of cancer cells. Patients with cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), have a higher risk of tumor recurrence and cancer-related mortality once metastasis is diagnosed. Existing treatment strategies fail to cure cancer mostly due to the onset of metastasis. Therefore, metastasis remains a challenge in cancer treatment. Some complementary and alternative medical therapies using traditional Chinese medicine have been demonstrated to be clinically effective in cancer treatment. Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB) is a promising medicinal herb. It was previously reported that the ethanol extract of SB (EESB) is able to promote apoptosis, and inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis in human colon cancer cells. However, the anticancer effect of SB and the underlying mechanism require further investigation, particularly its role against metastasis. To further elucidate the antimetastatic effect of SB, MTT and Transwell assays were used in the present study to evaluate the effect of EESB on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the CRC cell line HCT-8. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cadherins and other metastasis-associated proteins. EESB significantly reduced HCT-8 cell viability and attenuated the migration and invasion ability of HCT-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, EESB decreased the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3/10, MMP-9 and MMP-13, and proteins in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathways, but not the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors E-cadherin and N-cadherin. In conclusion, the results suggested that SB inhibits CRC cell metastasis via the suppression of PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways, which may represent a mechanism by which SB exerts an anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Jin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wujin Chen
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhaokun Yan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Lai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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122
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Targeting epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer: clinical and preclinical advances in therapy and monitoring. Biochem J 2017; 474:3269-3306. [PMID: 28931648 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which describes the dynamic flux within the spectrum of phenotypic states that invasive carcinoma cells may reside, is being increasingly recognised for its role in cancer progression and therapy resistance. The myriad of events that are able to induce EMP, as well as the more recently characterised control loops, results in dynamic transitions of cancerous epithelial cells to more mesenchymal-like phenotypes through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the reverse transition from mesenchymal phenotypes to an epithelial one. The significance of EMP, in its ability to drive local invasion, generate cancer stem cells and facilitate metastasis by the dissemination of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), highlights its importance as a targetable programme to combat cancer morbidity and mortality. The focus of this review is to consolidate the existing knowledge on the strategies currently in development to combat cancer progression via inhibition of specific facets of EMP. The prevalence of relapse due to therapy resistance and metastatic propensity that EMP endows should be considered when designing therapy regimes, and such therapies should synergise with existing chemotherapeutics to benefit efficacy. To further improve upon EMP-targeted therapies, it is imperative to devise monitoring strategies to assess the impact of such treatments on EMP-related phenomenon such as CTC burden, chemosensitivity/-resistance and micrometastasis in patients.
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123
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Amawi H, Ashby CR, Samuel T, Peraman R, Tiwari AK. Polyphenolic Nutrients in Cancer Chemoprevention and Metastasis: Role of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal (EMT) Pathway. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080911. [PMID: 28825675 PMCID: PMC5579704 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has received significant interest as a novel target in cancer prevention, metastasis, and resistance. The conversion of cells from an epithelial, adhesive state to a mesenchymal, motile state is one of the key events in the development of cancer metastasis. Polyphenols have been reported to be efficacious in the prevention of cancer and reversing cancer progression. Recently, the antimetastatic efficacy of polyphenols has been reported, thereby expanding the potential use of these compounds beyond chemoprevention. Polyphenols may affect EMT pathways, which are involved in cancer metastasis; for example, polyphenols increase the levels of epithelial markers, but downregulate the mesenchymal markers. Polyphenols also alter the level of expression and functionality of important proteins in other signaling pathways that control cellular mesenchymal characteristics. However, the specific proteins that are directly affected by polyphenols in these signaling pathways remain to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to analyze current evidence regarding the role of polyphenols in attenuating EMT-mediated cancer progression and metastasis. We also discuss the role of the most important polyphenol subclasses and members of the polyphenols in reversing metastasis and targeting EMT. Finally, limitations and future directions to improve our understanding in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University Queens, New York, NY 11432, USA.
| | - Temesgen Samuel
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- Medicinal chemistry Division, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur 515721, India.
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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124
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Rauf A, Imran M, Butt MS, Nadeem M, Peters DG, Mubarak MS. Resveratrol as an anti-cancer agent: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1428-1447. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1263597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, Agriculture University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Dennis G. Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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125
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Metformin ameliorates the Phenotype Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells and Peritoneal Fibrosis via a modulation of Oxidative Stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5690. [PMID: 28720775 PMCID: PMC5515908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotype transition of peritoneum is an early mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis. Metformin, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has recently received a new attention due to its preventive effect on organ fibrosis and cancer metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We investigated the effect of metformin on EMT of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) and animal model of peritoneal dialysis (PD). TGF-β1-induced EMT in HPMC was ameliorated by metformin. Metformin alleviated NAPDH oxidase- and mitochondria-mediated ROS production with an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD2 expression. Metformin inhibited the activation of Smad2/3 and MAPK, GSK-3β phosphorylation, nuclear translocalization of β-catenin and Snail in HPMCs. Effect of metformin on TGF-β1-induced EMT was ameliorated by either AMPK inhibitor or AMPK gene silencing. Another AMPK agonist, 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide partially blocked TGF-β1-induced EMT. In animal model of PD, intraperitoneal metformin decreased the peritoneal thickness and EMT with an increase in ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and the expression of SOD whereas it decreased the expression of nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Therefore, a modulation of AMPK in peritoneum can be a novel tool to prevent peritoneal fibrosis by providing a favorable oxidant/anti-oxidant milieu in peritoneal cavity and ameliorating phenotype transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells.
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126
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He SJ, Xiang CQ, Zhang Y, Lu XT, Chen HW, Xiong LX. Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3435-3451. [PMID: 28744148 PMCID: PMC5513877 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process of phenotypic transition of epithelial cells that can promote physiological development as well as tissue healing and repair. In recent years, cancer researchers have noted that EMT is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. When tumor cells undergo EMT, they can develop enhanced migration and local tissue invasion abilities, which can lead to metastatic growth. Nevertheless, two researches in NATURE deny its necessity in specific tumors and that is discussed in this review. The degree of EMT and the detection of EMT-associated marker molecules can also be used to judge the risk of metastasis and to evaluate patients’ prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs, which can inhibit gene expression and protein translation through specific binding with the 3′ untranslated region of mRNA. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs that are reported to influence EMT through transcription factors such as ZEB, SNAIL, and TWIST, as well as some natural products that regulate EMT in tumors. Moreover, mutual inhibition occurs between some transcription factors and miRNAs, and these effects appear to occur in a complex regulatory network. Thus, understanding the role of miRNAs in EMT and tumor growth may lead to new treatments for malignancies. Natural products can also be combined with conventional chemotherapy to enhance curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jin He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Chu-Qi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Yu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Xiang-Tong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University
| | - Hou-Wen Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Villalba M, Evans SR, Vidal-Vanaclocha F, Calvo A. Role of TGF-β in metastatic colon cancer: it is finally time for targeted therapy. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:29-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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SUMO-Specific Cysteine Protease 1 Promotes Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Prostate Cancer Cells via Regulating SMAD4 deSUMOylation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040808. [PMID: 28417919 PMCID: PMC5412392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In advanced prostate cancer, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific cysteine protease 1 (SENP1) is up-regulated. However, the role of SENP1 in regulating deSUMOylation of TGF-β/SMADs signaling is unknown. In this study, we developed a lentiviral vector, PLKO.1-shSENP1, to silence SENP1 in prostate cancer cells with high metastatic characteristics (PC3M). Likewise, we also created an adenovirus vector, Ad5/F11p-SENP1 to over-express SENP1 in prostate cancer cells with low metastatic potential (LNCaP). We showed that silencing of SENP1 promoted cellular apoptosis, and inhibited proliferation and migration of PC3M cells. Moreover, SENP1 silencing increased the SMAD4 expression at protein level, up-regulated E-cadherin and down-regulated Vimentin expression, indicating the inhibition of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, SMAD4 interference abolished SENP1-mediated up-regulation of E-cadherin, suggesting that SENP1 regulated E-cadherin expression via SMAD4. SENP1 over-expression in LNCaP cells reduced SMAD4 protein, and promoted EMT via decreasing E-cadherin and increasing Vimentin. Moreover, down-regulation of SMAD4 and E-cadherin were blocked, after transfection with two SUMOylation sites mutated SMAD4, suggesting that SENP1 might reduce SMAD4 levels to regulate E-cadherin expression via deSUMOylation of SMAD4. In conclusion, SENP1 deSUMOylated SMAD4 to promote EMT via up-regulating E-cadherin in prostate cancer cells. Therefore, SENP1 is a potential target for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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JianPi JieDu Recipe Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer through TGF- β/Smad Mediated Snail/E-Cadherin Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2613198. [PMID: 28299321 PMCID: PMC5337333 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2613198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
JPJD was an ideal alternative traditional Chinese medicine compound in the prevention and treatment of CRC, but its underlying mechanisms has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated in vitro that TGF-β-induced EMT promoted the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells, reduced the expression of E-cadherin, and elevated the expression of Vimentin. However, JPJD could inhibit the invasive and migratory ability of TGF-β-stimulated CRC cells in a concentration-dependent manner through increasing the expression of E-cadherin and repressing the expression of Vimentin, as well as the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Meanwhile, JPJD reduced the transcriptional activities of EMT-associated factors Snail and E-cadherin during the initiation of TGF-β-induced EMT. In vivo, the results demonstrated that JPJD can significantly inhibit the liver and lung metastasis of orthotopic CRC tumor in nude mice, as well as significantly prolonging the survival time of tumor-bearing in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, JPJD can upregulate the expression of E-cadherin and Smad2/3 in the cytoplasm and downregulate the expression of Vimentin, p-Smad2/3, and Snail in the orthotopic CRC tumor tissues. In conclusions, our new findings provided evidence that JPJD could inhibit TGF-β-induced EMT in CRC through TGF-β/Smad mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression.
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Resveratrol limits epithelial to mesenchymal transition through modulation of KHSRP/hnRNPA1-dependent alternative splicing in mammary gland cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:291-298. [PMID: 28088441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RESV) is a natural polyphenolic compound endowed with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, as well as pro-apoptotic activities that make it a potential anti-tumor compound. Here we show that RESV counteracts the TGF-β-induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) phenotype in mammary gland cells and affects the alternative exon usage of pre-mRNAs that encode crucial factors in adhesion and migration -including CD44, ENAH, and FGFR2- in a panel of immortalized and transformed mammary gland cells. RESV causes a shift from the mesenchymal-specific forms of these factors to the respective epithelial forms and increases the expression of the RNA-binding proteins KHSRP and hnRNPA1. From a mechanistic point of view, we show that the combined silencing of KHSRP and hnRNPA1 prevents the RESV-dependent inclusion of the epithelial-type exons in the Cd44 pre-mRNA. Our findings support an unexpected regulatory mechanism where RESV limits EMT by controlling gene expression at post-transcriptional level.
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Chen CL, Chen YH, Tai MC, Liang CM, Lu DW, Chen JT. Resveratrol inhibits transforming growth factor-β2-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by suppressing the Smad pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:163-173. [PMID: 28138219 PMCID: PMC5241127 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s126743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the main cause of failure following retinal detachment surgery. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the development of PVR, and EMT inhibition decreases collagen gel contraction and fibrotic membrane formation, resulting in prevention of PVR. Resveratrol is naturally found in red wine and has inhibitory effects on EMT. Resveratrol is widely used in cardioprotection, neuroprotection, chemotherapy, and antiaging therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on TGF-β2-induced EMT in ARPE-19 cells in vitro. We found that resveratrol suppressed the decrease of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and caused an increase of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in TGF-β2-treated ARPE-19 cells, assessed using Western blots; moreover, it also suppressed the decrease in ZO-1 and the increase of vimentin expression, observed using immunocytochemistry. Resveratrol attenuated TGF-β2-induced wound closure and cell migration in ARPE-19 cells in a scratch wound test and modified Boyden chamber assay, respectively. We also found that resveratrol reduced collagen gel contraction - assessed by collagen matrix contraction assay - and suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in TGF-β2-treated ARPE-19 cells. These results suggest that resveratrol mediates anti-EMT effects, which could be used in the prevention of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Costanza B, Umelo IA, Bellier J, Castronovo V, Turtoi A. Stromal Modulators of TGF-β in Cancer. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010007. [PMID: 28067804 PMCID: PMC5294960 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an intriguing cytokine exhibiting dual activities in malignant disease. It is an important mediator of cancer invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, on the one hand, while it exhibits anti-tumor functions on the other hand. Elucidating the precise role of TGF-β in malignant development and progression requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in its tumor suppressor to tumor promoter switch. One important aspect of TGF-β function is its interaction with proteins within the tumor microenvironment. Several stromal proteins have the natural ability to interact and modulate TGF-β function. Understanding the complex interplay between the TGF-β signaling network and these stromal proteins may provide greater insight into the development of novel therapeutic strategies that target the TGF-β axis. The present review highlights our present understanding of how stroma modulates TGF-β activity in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Costanza
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Ijeoma Adaku Umelo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Justine Bellier
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France.
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Lee HY, Kim IK, Yoon HK, Kwon SS, Rhee CK, Lee SY. Inhibitory Effects of Resveratrol on Airway Remodeling by Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Pathway in Chronic Asthma Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:25-34. [PMID: 27826959 PMCID: PMC5102832 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by airway remodeling, leading to a progressive decline in lung function. Therapeutic agents that attenuate airway remodeling can complement the limited effects of traditional glucocorticoids. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic bronchial asthma. Methods Peribronchial smooth muscle thickening that developed in mice challenged with a 3-month repeated exposure to ovalbumin (OVA) was used to study airway remodeling. Oral resveratrol was administered daily during the OVA challenge. The expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling proteins and downstream mesenchymal markers in the presence or absence of resveratrol was examined in bronchial epithelial cells. Results OVA sensitization and chronic challenge increased airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and collagen deposition. Resveratrol effectively suppressed OVA-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. The expression of TGF-β1/phosphorylated Smad2/3 was increased in the lung tissues of OVA-challenged mice but effectively inhibited by resveratrol. In bronchial epithelial cells, the TGF-β1-induced expression of the mesenchymal markers snail, slug, vimentin, and α-SMA was suppressed by resveratrol treatment. Conclusions Resveratrol effectively ameliorated both airway inflammation and airway structural changes in a mouse model of bronchial asthma. These effects were mediated by decreased TGF-β1 expression, in turn suppressing TGF-β1/Smad signaling and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Our results demonstrate the potential benefits of resveratrol for the treatment of airway remodeling associated with bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Lee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Kyoung Kim
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Suk Kwon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhang R, Wang M, Sui P, Ding L, Yang Q. Upregulation of microRNA-574-3p in a human gastric cancer cell line AGS by TGF-β1. Gene 2016; 605:63-69. [PMID: 28042090 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate miR-574-3p expression in cells remain elusive. In the present study, we used real-time PCR assay to demonstrate TGF-β1-induced miR-574-3p upregulation in AGS cells, which was inhibited by TGF-β receptor I inhibitor SB431542. We used a computer search to identify Smad binding sites upstream of the miR-574-3p precursor sequence. We demonstrated that silencing Smad4, but not Smad2 or Smad3, significantly inhibited the TGF-β1-induced miR-574-3p upregulation in AGS cells. Furthermore, TGF-β1 significantly increased the activity of a dual-luciferase reporter that contains the Smad binding sites upstream of the miR-574 precursor sequence. Silencing Smad4 significantly inhibited the TGF-β1-induced increase in the activity of the reporter in AGS cells. ChIP assay showed that Smad4 directly bound to the promoter of miR-574-3p. MiR-574-3p inhibition was effective in eliminating the inhibition of AGS cell proliferation induced by TGF-β1, suggesting that TGF-β1 inducing upregulation of miR-574-3p is functionally significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pengcheng Sui
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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Kim CW, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Anti-metastatic potential of resveratrol and its metabolites by the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion of malignant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1787-1796. [PMID: 27912881 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells play important roles in the metastatic process of cancer. Resveratrol is a stilbenoid, a type of natural polyphenol found in the skin of grapes, berries, and peanuts. A number of experiments have examined resveratrol's ability to target diverse pathways associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. PURPOSE This article aims to present updated overview of the knowledge that resveratrol and its metabolites or analogs have the potential to inhibit metastasis of cancer via affecting many signaling pathways related with EMT, cancer migration, and invasion in diverse organs of the body. CHAPTERS This article starts with a short introduction describing diverse beneficial effects of resveratrol including cancer prevention and the aim of the present study. To address the effects of resveratrol on cancer metastasis, mechanisms of EMT, migration, invasion, and their relevance with cancer metastasis, anti-metastatic effects of resveratrol through EMT-related signaling pathways and inhibitory effects of resveratrol on migration and invasion are highlighted. In addition, anti-metastatic potential of resveratrol metabolites and analogs is addressed. CONCLUSION Resveratrol was demonstrated to turn back the EMT process induced by diverse signaling pathways in several cellular and animal cancer models. In addition, resveratrol can exert chemopreventive efficacies on migration and invasion of cancer cells by inhibiting the related pathways and target molecules. Although these findings display the anti-metastatic potential of resveratrol, more patient-oriented clinical studies demonstrating the marked efficacies of resveratrol in humans are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Karimi Dermani F, Saidijam M, Amini R, Mahdavinezhad A, Heydari K, Najafi R. Resveratrol Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Increasing miR-200c Expression in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1547-1555. [PMID: 27918105 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, associated with high rates of relapse. A notable challenge in treatment is low response rate to current therapies for advanced CRC. The miR-200c plays an essential role in tumor suppression by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Resveratrol, a natural compound found in red wine, reveals anti-cancer properties in several types of cancers such as CRC. The aim of current study was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of HCT-116 cells and also expression of EMT-related genes in presences or absence of miR-200c. METHODS the effect of resveratrol on viability was examined by MTT assay. LNA-anti-miR-200c transfection of HCT-116 cells was carried out in a time dependent manner. Then, the expression of miR-200c and EMT-related genes were quantified by qRT-PCR. Further, expression of EMT-related proteins, apoptosis, and invasion were analyzed by Western blot, Annexin V/PI staining and scratch test, respectively. RESULTS resveratrol could significantly inhibit viability of HCT-116 cells. LNA-anti-miR-200c suppressed the endogenous miR-200c in transfected cells compared with the control. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis of LNA-anti-miR-200c transfected cells revealed a considerable increase in vimentin and ZEB-1 expression, with a concomitant reduction in E-cadherin expression level. Migration of HCT-116 cells increased, and apoptosis significantly reduced in transfected cells. While, resveratrol could entirely reverse these changes by modulation of miR-200c expression. CONCLUSION our findings revealed a major role of resveratrol in apoptosis, invasion, and switching of EMT to MET phenotype through upregulation of miR-200c in CRC. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1547-1555, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimi Dermani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Korosh Heydari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Pavan AR, Silva GDBD, Jornada DH, Chiba DE, Fernandes GFDS, Man Chin C, Dos Santos JL. Unraveling the Anticancer Effect of Curcumin and Resveratrol. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110628. [PMID: 27834913 PMCID: PMC5133053 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol and curcumin are natural products with important therapeutic properties useful to treat several human diseases, including cancer. In the last years, the number of studies describing the effect of both polyphenols against cancer has increased; however, the mechanism of action in all of those cases is not completely comprehended. The unspecific effect and the ability to interfere in assays by both polyphenols make this challenge even more difficult. Herein, we analyzed the anticancer activity of resveratrol and curcumin reported in the literature in the last 11 years, in order to unravel the molecular mechanism of action of both compounds. Molecular targets and cellular pathways will be described. Furthermore, we also discussed the ability of these natural products act as chemopreventive and its use in association with other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Renata Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Diego Eidy Chiba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | | | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
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Hussain SS, Kumar AP, Ghosh R. Food-based natural products for cancer management: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts? Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:233-246. [PMID: 27397504 PMCID: PMC5067244 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rise in cancer incidence and mortality in developing countries together with the human and financial cost of current cancer therapy mandates a closer look at alternative ways to overcome this burgeoning global healthcare problem. Epidemiological evidence for the association between cancer and diet and the long latency of most cancer progression have led to active exploration of whole and isolated natural chemicals from different naturally occurring substances in various preclinical and clinical settings. In general the lack of systemic toxicities of most 'whole' and 'isolated' natural compounds, their potential to reduce toxic doses and potential to delay the development of drug-resistance makes them promising candidates for cancer management. This review article examines the suggested molecular mechanisms affected by these substances focusing to a large extent on prostate cancer and deliberates on the disparate results obtained from cell culture, preclinical and clinical studies in an effort to highlight the use of whole extracts and isolated constituents for intervention. As such these studies underscore the importance of factors such as treatment duration, bioavailability, route of administration, selection criteria, standardized formulation and clinical end points in clinical trial design with both entities. Overall lack of parallel comparison studies between the whole natural products and their isolated compounds limits decisive conclusions regarding the superior utility of one over the other. We suggest the critical need for rigorous comparative research to identify which one of the two or both entities from nature would be best qualified to take on the mantle of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman S Hussain
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Holzner S, Senfter D, Stadler S, Staribacher A, Nguyen CH, Gaggl A, Geleff S, Huttary N, Krieger S, Jäger W, Dolznig H, Mader RM, Krupitza G. Colorectal cancer cell-derived microRNA200 modulates the resistance of adjacent blood endothelial barriers in vitro. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3065-3071. [PMID: 27666412 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cancer cells, when grown as spheroids, display drug sensitivity and radiation resistance patterns such as seen in vivo we recently established a three‑dimensional (3D) in vitro model recapitulating colorectal cancer (CRC)-triggered lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)‑barrier breaching to study mechanisms of intra‑/extravasation. CRC metastasizes not only through lymphatics but also through blood vessels and here we extend the 3D model to the interaction of blood endothelial cells (BECs) with naïve and 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU)‑resistant CRC CCL227 cells. The 3D model enabled quantifying effects of tumour‑derived microRNA200 (miR200) miR200a, miR200b, miR200c, miR141 and miR429 regarding the induction of so-called 'circular chemorepellent‑induced defects' (CCIDs) within the BEC‑barrier, which resemble gates for tumour transmigration. For this, miR200 precursors were individually transfected and furthermore, the modulation of ZEB family expression was analysed by western blotting. miR200c, miR141 and miR429, which are contained in exosomes from naïve CCL227 cells, downregulated the expression of ZEB2, SNAI and TWIST in BECs. The exosomes of 5‑FU‑resistant CCL227‑RH cells, which are devoid of miR200, accelerated CCID formation in BEC monolayers as compared to exosomes from naïve CCL227 cells. This confirmed the reported role of ZEB2 and SNAI in CRC metastasis and highlighted the active contribution of the stroma in the metastatic process. CCL227 spheroids affected the integrity of BEC and LEC barriers alike, which was in agreement with the observation that CRC metastasizes via blood stream (into the liver) as well as via lymphatics (into lymph nodes and lungs). This further validated the CRC/LEC and CRC/BEC in vitro model to study mechanisms of CRC spreading through vascular systems. Treatment of CCL227‑RH cells with the HDAC inhibitors mocetinostat and sulforaphane reduced CCID formation to the level triggered by naïve CCL227 spheroids, however, without significantly influencing miR200 expression in CCL227-RH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Holzner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Senfter
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Serena Stadler
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Staribacher
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi Huu Nguyen
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Gaggl
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvana Geleff
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Huttary
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigurd Krieger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert M Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A‑1090 Vienna, Austria
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140
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Huang C, Liu H, Gong X, Wen B, Chen D, Liu J, Hu F. Analysis of different components in the peritumoral tissue microenvironment of colorectal cancer: A potential prospect in tumorigenesis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2555-65. [PMID: 27484148 PMCID: PMC4991672 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to observe the varying expression of biomarkers in the microenvironment adjacent to colorectal cancer lesions to provide additional insight into the functions of microenvironment components in carcinogenesis and present a novel or improved indicator for early diagnosis of cancer. A total of 144 human samples from three different locations in 48 patients were collected, these locations were 10, 5 and 2 cm from the colorectal cancer lesion, respectively. The biomarkers analyzed included E‑cadherin, cytokeratin 18 (CK18), hyaluronidase‑1 (Hyal‑1), collagen type I (Col‑I), Crumbs3 (CRB3), vimentin, proteinase activated receptor 3 (PAR‑3), α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), cyclin D1 (CD1) and cluster of differentiation (CD)133. In addition, crypt architecture was observed. Related functional analysis of proteins was performed using hierarchical index cluster analysis. More severe destroyed crypt architecture closer to the cancer lesions was observed compared with the 10 cm sites, with certain crypts degraded entirely. Expression levels of E‑cadherin, CK18, CRB3 and PAR‑3 were lower in 2 cm sites compared with the 10 cm sites (all P<0.001), while the expression levels of the other biomarkers in the 2 cm sites were increased compared with 10 cm sites (all P<0.0001). Notably, the expression of CK18 in 2 cm sites was higher than in the 5 cm site (P<0.0001), which was different from the expression of E‑cadherin, CRB3 and PAR‑3. The expression levels of Hyal‑1 and Col‑I at the 2 cm sites were lower than that of the 5 cm sites (P>0.05 and P=0.0001, respectively), while the expression of vimentin, α‑SMA, CD1 and CD133 were not. Hyal‑1 and Col‑I may be independently important in cancer initiation in the tumor microenvironment. The results of the present study suggest that the biomarkers in the tissue microenvironment are associated with early tumorigenesis and may contribute to the development of carcinomas. These observations may be useful for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Spleen‑Stomach Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Spleen‑Stomach Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Gong
- Spleen‑Stomach Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- Spleen‑Stomach Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- Spleen‑Stomach Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Pathology Department, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Fengliang Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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141
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Gharaee-Kermani M, Moore BB, Macoska JA. Resveratrol-Mediated Repression and Reversion of Prostatic Myofibroblast Phenoconversion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158357. [PMID: 27367854 PMCID: PMC4930165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in berries, peanuts, grapes, and red wine, inhibits oxidation, inflammation, and cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in multiple cell types and or animal models. It represses collagen deposition in the vasculature, heart, lung, kidney, liver, and esophagus in animal models and may have some utility as an anti-fibrotic. Recent studies have shown that increased collagen deposition and tissue stiffness in the peri-urethral area of the prostate are associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and urinary obstructive symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether Resveratrol might be useful to inhibit or revert TGFβ- and/or CXCL12-mediated myofibroblast phenoconversion of prostate fibroblasts in vitro, and therefore whether the use of anti-fibrotic therapeutics might be efficacious for the treatment of LUTD. Methods Primary prostate and lung tissues were explanted and fibroblast monolayers expanded in vitro. Primary and N1 immortalized prostate stromal fibroblasts, as well as primary fibroblasts cultured from a normal lung and one affected by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) for comparison, were grown in serum–free defined media supplemented with vehicle, TGFβ or CXCL12, pre- or post-treatment with Resveratrol, and were evaluated using immunofluorescence for alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and collagen I (COL1) protein expression and assessed for cell proliferation, apoptosis, and COL1 and EGR1 transcript expression. Results This study showed that low concentrations of Resveratrol (≤50 μM) had no effect on N1 or primary prostate fibroblast cell proliferation, apoptosis, or COL1 or EGR1 gene transcription but repressed and reversed myofibroblast phenoconversion. As expected, these same effects were observed for IPF lung fibroblasts though higher levels of Resveratrol (≥100uM) were required. Taken together, these data suggest that, like lung fibroblasts, prostate fibroblast to myofibroblast phenoconversion can be both repressed and reversed by Resveratrol treatment. Thus, anti-fibrotic therapeutics might be efficacious for the treatment of LUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani
- Department of Biology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts, Boston, 02125, United States of America
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Macoska
- Department of Biology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts, Boston, 02125, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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142
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Xu L, Wen T, Liu Z, Xu F, Yang L, Liu J, Feng G, An G. MicroRNA-375 suppresses human colorectal cancer metastasis by targeting Frizzled 8. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40644-40656. [PMID: 27276676 PMCID: PMC5130033 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are aberrantly expressed during the development and progression of a variety of human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Of these microRNAs, microRNA-375 (miR-375) was previously observed to be downregulated in human colorectal cancer(CRC) plasma and tissues, but its functions are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of miR-375 on CRC metastasis. Specifically, miR-375 expression was significantly decreased in human CRC tissues compared with their matched noncancerous tissues (NCTs), and low levels of miR-375 predicted tumor metastatic potential. The up-regulation of miR-375 suppressed colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor metastases in murine models established by both orthotopic implantation and spleen injection. Furthermore, we identified Frizzled 8 (FZD8) as a direct target of miR-375 in CRC, and miR-375 negatively regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by suppressing FZD8. More importantly, FZD8 expression inversely correlated with overall survival in human CRC patients and is a likely independent predictor of survival. Therefore, we concluded that miR-375 functions as a tumor-suppressive microRNA by directly acting upon FZD8, which may serve as a new therapeutic target to inhibit tumor metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guosheng Feng
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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143
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Roles of Dietary Phytoestrogens on the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Diverse Cancer Metastasis. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060162. [PMID: 27231938 PMCID: PMC4926129 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in tumor progression. The cells undergoing EMT upregulate the expression of cell motility-related proteins and show enhanced migration and invasion. The hallmarks of EMT in cancer cells include changed cell morphology and increased metastatic capabilities in cell migration and invasion. Therefore, prevention of EMT is an important tool for the inhibition of tumor metastasis. A novel preventive therapy is needed, such as treatment of natural dietary substances that are nontoxic to normal human cells, but effective in inhibiting cancer cells. Phytoestrogens, such as genistein, resveratrol, kaempferol and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), can be raised as possible candidates. They are plant-derived dietary estrogens, which are found in tea, vegetables and fruits, and are known to have various biological efficacies, including chemopreventive activity against cancers. Specifically, these phytoestrogens may induce not only anti-proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, but also anti-metastasis by inhibiting the EMT process in various cancer cells. There have been several signaling pathways found to be associated with the induction of the EMT process in cancer cells. Phytoestrogens were demonstrated to have chemopreventive effects on cancer metastasis by inhibiting EMT-associated pathways, such as Notch-1 and TGF-beta signaling. As a result, phytoestrogens can inhibit or reverse the EMT process by upregulating the expression of epithelial phenotypes, including E-cadherin, and downregulating the expression of mesenchymal phenotypes, including N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and vimentin. In this review, we focused on the important roles of phytoestrogens in inhibiting EMT in many types of cancer and suggested phytoestrogens as prominent alternative compounds to chemotherapy.
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144
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Che L, Liu P, Yang Z, Che L, Hu L, Qin L, Wang R, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Wu D. Maternal high fat intake affects the development and transcriptional profile of fetal intestine in late gestation using pig model. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:90. [PMID: 27161113 PMCID: PMC4862081 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal high fat intake on intestinal development and transcriptional profile. Methods Eight gilts with similar age and body weight were randomly allocated into 2 groups receiving the control and high fat diets (HF diet) from d 30 to 90 of gestation, with 4 gilts each group and one gilt each pen. At d 90 of gestation, two fetuses each gilt were removed by cesarean section. Intestinal samples were collected for analysis of morphology, enzyme activities and transcriptional profile. Results The results showed that feeding HF diet markedly increased the fetal weight and lactase activity, also tended to increase intestinal morphology. Porcine Oligo Microarray analysis indicated that feeding HF diet inhibited 64 % of genes (39 genes down-regulated while 22 genes up-regulated),which were related to immune response, cancer and metabolism, also markedly modified 33 signal pathways such as antigen processing and presentation, intestinal immune network for IgA production, Jak-STAT and TGF-ß signaling transductions, pathways in colorectal cancer and glycerolipid metabolism. Conclusion Collectively, it could be concluded that maternal high fat intake was able to increase fetal weight and lactase activity, however, it altered the intestinal immune response, signal transduction and metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0261-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peilin Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
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145
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XU CHUNYAN, QIN MENGBIN, TAN LIN, LIU SHIQUAN, HUANG JIEAN. NIBP impacts on the expression of E-cadherin, CD44 and vimentin in colon cancer via the NF-κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5379-85. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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146
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Varoni EM, Lo Faro AF, Sharifi-Rad J, Iriti M. Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol. Front Nutr 2016; 3:8. [PMID: 27148534 PMCID: PMC4828556 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a pleiotropic phytochemical belonging to the stilbene family. Though it is only significantly present in grape products, a huge amount of preclinical studies investigated its anticancer properties in a plethora of cellular and animal models. Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol involved signaling pathways related to extracellular growth factors and receptor tyrosine kinases; formation of multiprotein complexes and cell metabolism; cell proliferation and genome instability; cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase signaling (cytokine, integrin, and developmental pathways); signal transduction by the transforming growth factor-β super-family; apoptosis and inflammation; and immune surveillance and hormone signaling. Resveratrol also showed a promising role to counteract multidrug resistance: in adjuvant therapy, associated with 5-fluoruracyl and cisplatin, resveratrol had additive and/or synergistic effects increasing the chemosensitization of cancer cells. Resveratrol, by acting on diverse mechanisms simultaneously, has been emphasized as a promising, multi-target, anticancer agent, relevant in both cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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147
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Yuan Z, Yu X, Ni B, Chen D, Yang Z, Huang J, Wang J, Chen D, Wang L. Overexpression of long non-coding RNA-CTD903 inhibits colorectal cancer invasion and migration by repressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and predicts favorable prognosis. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2675-85. [PMID: 27035092 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is essential for tumorigenesis and progression, but little is known about its roles and mechanisms in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to detect expression level and prognostic role of lncRNA‑CTD903 in CRC patients, which was selected based on one microarray data. The effects on cell invasion, migration and proliferation were investigated after silencing or overexpression of CTD903 in CRC cell lines. We also observed the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) phenomenon and effect on cell adhesion. The associations between CTD903 and EMT markers, such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, ZEB1, ZO-1, Snail, and Twist, were determined by western blotting. Our results showed lncRNA-CTD903 expression was strongly upregulated in 115 CRC patients, comparing to adjacent normal tissues. CTD903 was proven to be an independent predicted factor of favorable prognosis in CRC patients by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. After knockdown of CTD903 in RKO and SW480, both cell invasion and migration increased, and cells exhibited EMT-like appearance, along with reduced adhering ability. Moreover, overexpression of CTD903 in DLD1 and HCT116 reversed these phenotypes. Furthermore, downregulation of CTD903 enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activation and subsequently increased transcription factors (Twist and Snail) expression, along with increased mesenchymal marker Vimentin and decreased epithelial marker ZO-1 level, while overexpressed CTD903 confirmed these associations. In conclusion, this study shows that LncRNA-CTD903 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC and can inhibit cell invasion and migration through repressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which plays important roles in EMT and CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xihu Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jintuan Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dianke Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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148
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Qi J, Li T, Bian H, Li F, Ju Y, Gao S, Su J, Ren W, Qin C. SNAI1 promotes the development of HCC through the enhancement of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:326-37. [PMID: 27239445 PMCID: PMC4821356 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SNAI1, a zinc‐finger transcription factor, plays an important role in the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various cancers. However, the possible functions of SNAI1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma have not been clearly identified. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of SNAI1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using clinical samples and cell lines. We found that SNAI1 is highly expressed in the tissues of liver cancer compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. SNAI1 is also highly expressed in the hepatoma cell lines HepG2, SMMC‐7721, and BEL‐7402 compared with the human normal liver cell line L02. We also observed that SNAI1 expression was correlated with distal metastasis, incomplete tumor capsule formation, and histological differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, we demonstrated that knockdown of SNAI1 via lentiviral vectors of RNAi against SNAI inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest, which was accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin D1 but not that of cyclin A. In addition, knockdown of SNAI1 promoted apoptosis by decreasing the expression of Bcl‐2. In conclusion, our findings revealed that SNAI1 is involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating the growth and apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianni Qi
- Central Laboratory Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Department of Emergency Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ying Ju
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Jingran Su
- Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Wanhua Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
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149
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Abstract
The two biological mechanisms that determine types of malignancy are infiltration and metastasis, for which tumour microenvironment plays a key role in developing and establishing the morphology, growth and invasiveness of a malignancy. The microenvironment is formed by complex tissue containing the extracellular matrix, tumour and non-tumour cells, a signalling network of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases that control autocrine and paracrine communication among individual cells, facilitating tumour progression. During the development of the primary tumour, the tumour stroma and continuous genetic changes within the cells makes it possible for them to migrate, having to count on a pre-metastatic niche receptor that allows the tumour’s survival and distant growth. These niches are induced by factors produced by the primary tumour; if it is eradicated, the active niches become responsible for activating the latent disseminated cells. Due to the importance of these mechanisms, the strategies that develop tumour cells during tumour progression and the way in which the microenvironment influences the formation of metastasis are reviewed. It also suggests that the metastatic niche can be an ideal target for new treatments that make controlling metastasis possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arvelo
- Centro de Biociencias, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzado [IDEA], Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos y Biología de Tumores, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas, 1041-A, Venezuela
| | - Felipe Sojo
- Centro de Biociencias, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzado [IDEA], Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos y Biología de Tumores, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas, 1041-A, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Cotte
- Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos y Biología de Tumores, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas, 1041-A, Venezuela
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150
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Kim EK, Choi EJ, Debnath T. Role of phytochemicals in the inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer metastasis. Food Funct 2016; 7:3677-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00901h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) development is controlled by several signaling pathways including Hedgehog, Wnt, fibroblast growth factors (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF),etc. Phytochemicals is very promising therapeutic candidate that inhibit the progression of EMT by inhibiting the signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food BioScience
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 27478
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science
- College of Science and Technology
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 27478
- Republic of Korea
| | - Trishna Debnath
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
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