101
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Bian D, Shi W, Shao Y, Li P, Song G. Long non-coding RNA GAS5 inhibits tumorigenesis via miR-137 in melanoma. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1509-1520. [PMID: 28386376 PMCID: PMC5376041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of death in patients with skin cancer. In the present study, we aimed to prove the functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-GAS5 in melanoma. Herein, we found that the expression of GAS5 was down-regulated in melanoma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. GAS5 was significantly associated with distal metastasis and TNM stage in melanoma. Furthermore, we found that GAS5 suppressed melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Then, we found thatmiR-137 was decreased in melanoma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and was correlated with GAS5. Using a luciferase reporter gene assay, we also demonstrated that GAS5 positively regulated miR-137 transcription. Finally, we suggested that GAS5 inhibited the growth of melanoma through miR-137 in vivo. Therefore, our research demonstrated that the GAS5/miR-137 axis could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Bian
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command25 Shifan Road, Jinan 250031, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Song
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong, P. R. China
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102
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Lin Q, Ma L, Liu Z, Yang Z, Wang J, Liu J, Jiang G. Targeting microRNAs: a new action mechanism of natural compounds. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15961-15970. [PMID: 28052018 PMCID: PMC5362538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike genetics, epigenetics involves the modification of genome without changes in DNA sequences, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling and noncoding RNA regulation. MicroRNA (miRNA), a member of noncoding RNAs superfamily, participates in RNA interference through a unique mechanism. Currently, microRNAs have been found to be regulated by some natural compounds. Through altering the expression of miRNAs and influencing the downstream signaling pathways or target genes, several natural compounds exhibit its bioactivity in the prevention, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis and drug resistance of human diseases, such as cancer. In this review, several natural compounds and their studies about miRNA-related action mechanism were summarized. These studies provide a new insight into action mechanism by which natural compound exerts its bioactivity and a novel treatment strategy, demonstrating natural compound a promising remedy for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leina Ma
- The Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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103
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Wang Q, Gao S, Li H, Lv M, Lu C. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in triple negative breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3226-3233. [PMID: 28138992 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in many cancer types, which are believed to play crucial roles in regulating several hallmarks of cancer biology. Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of normal breast cancer, which has features of negativity for ER, PR, and HER2. Great efforts have been made to identify an association between lncRNAs expression profiles and TNBC, and to understand the functional role and molecular mechanism on aberrant-expressed lncRNAs. In this review, we summarized the existed knowledge on the systematics, biology, and function of lncRNAs. The advances from the most recent studies of lncRNAs in the predicament of breast cancer, TNBC, are highlighted, especially the functions of specifically selected lncRNAs. We also discussed the potential value of these lncRNAs in TNBC, providing clues for the diagnosis and treatments of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Breast, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Breast, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Breast, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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104
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Trifunović J, Borčić V, Vukmirović S, Mikov M. Structural insights into anticancer activity of D-ring modified estrone derivatives using their lipophilicity in estimation of SAR and molecular docking studies. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1542-1548. [PMID: 28140519 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many forms of breast carcinoma are hormone-dependent and therefore development of novel aromatase inhibitors is of particular interest. Since brain metastases are frequent in patients with advanced breast carcinoma, one of the goals of modern drug development is the discovery of drugs with specific pharmacokinetic profile. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is often used to determine lipophilicity of the molecules based on their retention constant. As a predictive analysis, multiple linear regression method was performed to connect pharmacokinetic-dependent parameters with independent physicochemical properties such are: RM0 , TPSA and Mw of fourteen D-ring modified oestrone derivatives. Additionally, docking studies were performed. Conducted correlation analysis indicates excellent dependence between experimental RM parameter values and calculated values of pharmacokinetic parameters. Results show sufficient intestinal absorption of all the investigated molecules as well as moderate volumes of distribution and strong affinity for binding to plasma proteins. Crossing blood-brain barrier is predicted to be successful for 11 compounds. The created quantitative structure activity relationship model represents an excellent predictive tool and enables determination of pharmacokinetic properties of examined compounds. Docking analysis defined molecules I3 and II3 to be the best candidates; however, compound II3 violates the Lipinski rule. It has been concluded that molecules with hydroxyl group at C-3 more effectively pass through blood-brain barrier while structures with benzyloxy groups have stronger interactions with CYP1A19. Molecules II2 , II4 , II6 , and II7 are regarded as most suitable candidates for further investigation considering their good pharmacokinetic and docking characteristics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Trifunović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vladan Borčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Saša Vukmirović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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105
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Lukong KE. Understanding breast cancer - The long and winding road. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 7:64-77. [PMID: 28194329 PMCID: PMC5300293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite a remarkable increase in the depth of our understanding and management of breast cancer in the past 50 years, the disease is still a major public health problem worldwide and poses significant challenges. The palpability of breast tumors has facilitated diagnosis and documentation since ancient times. The earliest descriptions of breast cancer date back to around 3500 BCE. For centuries to follow, theories by Hippocrates (460 BCE) and Galen (200 CE), attributing the cause of breast cancer to an “excess of black bile” and treatment options including the use of opium and castor oil, prevailed. Surgical resection was introduced in the 18th century. The advent of modern medicine led to the development of novel treatment options that include hormonal, targeted and chemo-therapies. There are still several therapeutic challenges including the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and overcoming drug resistance. Scope of review The increased incidence and awareness of breast cancer has led to significant changes in diagnosis and treatment in recent decades. But, mankind has come a long way. Herein, I have traced how our understanding of breast cancer has evolved from the early description of the disease around 460 BCE as “black bile-containing crab-like tumors” to the conventional as a heterogeneous disease with high degree of diversity between and within tumors, as well as among breast cancer patients. How is breast cancer treated today and how do risk factors, breast cancer subtype and drug resistance contribute to the therapeutic challenges at the turn of the 21st century? Major conclusions Breast cancer remains a serious public health issue worldwide. However, appreciable growth in our understanding of breast cancer in the past century has led to remarkable progress in the early detection, treatment and prevention of the disease. The clinical focus is shifting more towards tailored therapy as more targets are characterized and novel highly innovative approaches are developed. General significance Tracing the history of breast cancer, highlights how increased awareness of the disease, and progress in research and development have enhance our understanding of the disease. The humoral, lymphatic and anti-hormonal theories of breast cancer Introduction of radical mastectomy, radiotherapy, mammography, and targeted therapy The introduction of randomized trial Breast cancer foundations, awareness and the Angelina Jolie effect Promising future for tailored therapy
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106
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Wang L, Li J, Zhao H, Hu J, Ping Y, Li F, Lan Y, Xu C, Xiao Y, Li X. Identifying the crosstalk of dysfunctional pathways mediated by lncRNAs in breast cancer subtypes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:711-20. [PMID: 26725846 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk among abnormal pathways widely occurs in human cancer and generally leads to insensitivity to cancer treatment. How long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of an abnormal pathway crosstalk in human cancer is largely unknown. Here, we proposed a strategy that integrates mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles for systematic identification of lncRNA-mediated crosstalk among risk pathways in different breast cancer subtypes. We identified 12 to 44 crosstalking pathway pairs mediated by 28 to 49 lncRNAs in four breast cancer subtypes. An LncRNA-mediated crosstalking pathway network in each breast cancer subtype was then constructed. We observed a number of breast cancer subtype-specific crosstalks of risk pathways. These subtype-specific lncRNA-mediated pathway crosstalks largely determined subtype-selective functions. Notably, we observed that lncRNAs mediated the crosstalk of pathways by cooperating with known important protein-coding genes, which play core roles in the deterioration of breast cancer. And we also identified key lncRNAs contributing to the crosstalk network in each subtype. As an example, the low expression of LIFR-AS1 was associated with poor survival in LumB subtype, and its cooperated genes IL1R and TGFBR located at the most upstream of the MAPK signaling pathway shared a common cascade path (p38 MAPKs-MEF2C) that can result in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In summary, we offer an effective way to characterize complex crosstalks mediated by lncRNAs in breast cancer subtypes, which can be applied to other diseases and provide useful information for understanding the pathogenesis of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ultrasonic medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yanyan Ping
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Feng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yujia Lan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Chaohan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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107
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Cotargeting of CYP-19 (aromatase) and emerging, pivotal signalling pathways in metastatic breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:10-20. [PMID: 27923036 PMCID: PMC5220158 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatase inhibition is one of the cornerstones of modern endocrine therapy of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors anastrozole and letrozole, as well as the steroidal aromatase inactivator exemestane, are the preferred drugs and established worldwide in all clinical phases of the disease. However, although many patients suffering from MBC experience an initial stabilisation of their metastatic burden, drug resistance and disease progression occur frequently, following in general only a few months on treatment. Extensive translational research during the past two decades has elucidated the major pathways contributing to endocrine resistance and paved the way for clinical studies investigating the efficacy of novel drug combinations involving aromatase inhibitors and emerging drugable targets like mTOR, PI3K and CDK4/6. The present review summarises the basic research that provided the rationale for new drug combinations involving aromatase inhibitors and the main findings of pivotal clinical trials that have already started to change our way to treat hormone-sensitive MBC. The challenging situation of oestrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) MBC is also shortly reviewed to underline the complexity of the clinical scenario in the heterogeneous subgroups of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients and the increasing need for personalised medicine. Finally, we summarise some of the promising findings made with the combination of aromatase inhibitors with other potent endocrine treatment options like fulvestrant, a selective oestrogen receptor downregulator.
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108
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Yan J, Dang Y, Liu S, Zhang Y, Zhang G. LncRNA HOTAIR promotes cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer by targeting miR-126 to activate the PI3K/AKT/MRP1 genes. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5448-5. [PMID: 27900563 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has shown to associate with human cancer development and progression and drug resistance. LncRNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) regulates chromatin state and highly expressed in various human cancers. This study analyzed HOTAIR expression in gastric cancer cells and tissues and then assessed the effects of HOTAIR on modulation of gastric cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin and the underlying molecular events. The data showed that HOTAIR was significantly upregulated in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells and tissues compared with control cells and noncancerous gastric tissues. Overexpression of HOTAIR enhanced gastric cancer cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle G1/S transition, but decreased tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, HOTAIR was shown to directly bind to and inhibit miR-126 expression and then to promote VEGFA and PIK3R2 expression and activate the PI3K/AKT/MRP1 pathway. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that high HOTAIR expression acted as a competitive endogenous RNA to promote cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. Further study will evaluate HOTAIR expression as a biomarker to predict treatment response of cisplatin and explore inhibition of HOTAIR expression as a novel strategy for anti-cisplatin resistance in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yini Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The No. 1 People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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109
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Wu C, Luo J. Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Urothelial Carcinoma-Associated 1 (UCA1) Enhances Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells via Inhibiting mTOR Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3860-3867. [PMID: 27765938 PMCID: PMC5077288 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) UCA1 is an oncogene in breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of UCA1 in tamoxifen resistance of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Material/Methods Tamoxifen sensitive MCF-7 cells were transfected for UCA1 overexpression, while tamoxifen resistant LCC2 and LCC9 cells were transfected with UCA siRNA for UCA1 knockdown. qRT-PCR was performed to analyze UCA1 expression. CCK-8 assay, immunofluorescence staining of cleaved caspase-9, and flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V/PI staining were used to assess tamoxifen sensitivity. Western blot analysis was performed to detect p-AKT and p-mTOR expression. Results LncRNA UCA1 was significantly upregulated in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells compared to tamoxifen sensitive cells. LCC2 and LCC9 cells transfected with UCA1 siRNA had significantly higher ratio of apoptosis after tamoxifen treatment. UCA1 siRNA significantly decreased the protein levels of p-AKT and p-mTOR in LCC2 and LCC9 cells. Enforced UCA1 expression substantially reduced tamoxifen induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, while rapamycin treatment abrogated the protective effect of UCA1. Conclusions UCA1 upregulation was associated with tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Mechanistically, UCA1 confers tamoxifen resistance to breast cancer cells partly via activating the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihua Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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110
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Caia Y, He J, Zhang D. Suppression of long non-coding RNA CCAT2 improves tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells’ response to tamoxifen. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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111
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Ingle JN, Xie F, Ellis MJ, Goss PE, Shepherd LE, Chapman JAW, Chen BE, Kubo M, Furukawa Y, Momozawa Y, Stearns V, Pritchard KI, Barman P, Carlson EE, Goetz MP, Weinshilboum RM, Kalari KR, Wang L. Genetic Polymorphisms in the Long Noncoding RNA MIR2052HG Offer a Pharmacogenomic Basis for the Response of Breast Cancer Patients to Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7012-7023. [PMID: 27758888 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic risks in breast cancer remain only partly understood. Here, we report the results of a genome-wide association study of germline DNA from 4,658 women, including 252 women experiencing a breast cancer recurrence, who were entered on the MA.27 adjuvant trial comparing the aromatase inhibitors (AI) anastrozole and exemestane. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of top significance were identified in the gene encoding MIR2052HG, a long noncoding RNA of unknown function. Heterozygous or homozygous individuals for variant alleles exhibited a ∼40% or ∼63% decrease, respectively, in the hazard of breast cancer recurrence relative to homozygous wild-type individuals. Functional genomic studies in lymphoblastoid cell lines and ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines showed that expression from MIR2052HG and the ESR1 gene encoding estrogen receptor-α (ERα) was induced by estrogen and AI in a SNP-dependent manner. Variant SNP genotypes exhibited increased ERα binding to estrogen response elements, relative to wild-type genotypes, a pattern that was reversed by AI treatment. Further, variant SNPs were associated with lower expression of MIR2052HG and ERα. RNAi-mediated silencing of MIR2052HG in breast cancer cell lines decreased ERα expression, cell proliferation, and anchorage-independent colony formation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MIR2052HG sustained ERα levels both by promoting AKT/FOXO3-mediated ESR1 transcription and by limiting ubiquitin-mediated, proteasome-dependent degradation of ERα. Taken together, our results define MIR2052HS as a functionally polymorphic gene that affects risks of breast cancer recurrence in women treated with AI. More broadly, our results offer a pharmacogenomic basis to understand differences in the response of breast cancer patients to AI therapy. Cancer Res; 76(23); 7012-23. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Ingle
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Fang Xie
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Paul E Goss
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Vered Stearns
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathleen I Pritchard
- Sunnybrook Odette Regional Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Poulami Barman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erin E Carlson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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112
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Sun H, Ding C, Zhang H, Gao J. Let‑7 miRNAs sensitize breast cancer stem cells to radiation‑induced repression through inhibition of the cyclin D1/Akt1/Wnt1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3285-92. [PMID: 27574028 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-suppressive let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been previously identified to induce cell apoptosis, proliferation‑inhibition and suppression of the self‑renewal capacities of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, let‑7‑mediated sensitization of tumors to radiation treatment remains to be investigated fully in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), of which the clinical treatment is challenging. The inhibitory effect of let‑7 miRNAs on the self‑renewal ability of CSCs from TNBC was investigated. It was identified that radiation inhibited the self‑renewal ability of TNBC stem cells by inhibiting cyclin D1 and protein kinase B (Akt1) phosphorylation. Let‑7d stimulates radiation‑induced tumor repression, exerting synergistic effects with radiotherapy on stem cell renewal. Through western blotting, immunofluorescence and a luciferase assay, it was identified that reduced cyclin D1/Akt1/wingless type MMTV integration site family member 1 (Wnt1) signaling activity accounts for the let‑7‑induced radiation sensitization. Let‑7 directly inhibits cyclin D1 expression, resulting in low phosphorylation of Akt1, which is critical for the let‑7‑induced inhibition of mammosphere numbers. The let‑7d‑induced Akt1 inhibition contributed to tumor repression, with similar results to those obtained with Akt inhibitors. Furthermore, it was identified that the inhibition of Wnt1 is critical for the functioning of let‑7d, and that addition of recombinant Wnt1 abolished the effects of let‑7d on sensitization to radiotherapy. Let‑7d is suggested to be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of TNBC by targeting CSCs and sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy via inhibition of cyclin D1/Akt1/Wnt1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Changmao Ding
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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113
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Li X, Wu Y, Liu A, Tang X. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 enhances tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells through a miR-18a-HIF1α feedback regulatory loop. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14733-14743. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Morgan MM, Johnson BP, Livingston MK, Schuler LA, Alarid ET, Sung KE, Beebe DJ. Personalized in vitro cancer models to predict therapeutic response: Challenges and a framework for improvement. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:79-92. [PMID: 27218886 PMCID: PMC5439438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Personalized cancer therapy focuses on characterizing the relevant phenotypes of the patient, as well as the patient's tumor, to predict the most effective cancer therapy. Historically, these methods have not proven predictive in regards to predicting therapeutic response. Emerging culture platforms are designed to better recapitulate the in vivo environment, thus, there is renewed interest in integrating patient samples into in vitro cancer models to assess therapeutic response. Successful examples of translating in vitro response to clinical relevance are limited due to issues with patient sample acquisition, variability and culture. We will review traditional and emerging in vitro models for personalized medicine, focusing on the technologies, microenvironmental components, and readouts utilized. We will then offer our perspective on how to apply a framework derived from toxicology and ecology towards designing improved personalized in vitro models of cancer. The framework serves as a tool for identifying optimal readouts and culture conditions, thus maximizing the information gained from each patient sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Morgan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Megan K Livingston
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - David J Beebe
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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115
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Tamoxifen Resistance: Emerging Molecular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081357. [PMID: 27548161 PMCID: PMC5000752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of breast cancer. As a result, blockade of the E2 signal through either tamoxifen (TAM) or aromatase inhibitors is an important therapeutic strategy to treat or prevent estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. However, resistance to TAM is the major obstacle in endocrine therapy. This resistance occurs either de novo or is acquired after an initial beneficial response. The underlying mechanisms for TAM resistance are probably multifactorial and remain largely unknown. Considering that breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease and patients respond differently to treatment, the molecular analysis of TAM’s biological activity could provide the necessary framework to understand the complex effects of this drug in target cells. Moreover, this could explain, at least in part, the development of resistance and indicate an optimal therapeutic option. This review highlights the implications of TAM in breast cancer as well as the role of receptors/signal pathways recently suggested to be involved in the development of TAM resistance. G protein—coupled estrogen receptor, Androgen Receptor and Hedgehog signaling pathways are emerging as novel therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators for breast cancer, based on their ability to mediate estrogenic signaling in ERα-positive or -negative breast cancer.
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116
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Recent trends in microRNA research into breast cancer with particular focus on the associations between microRNAs and intrinsic subtypes. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:15-24. [PMID: 27439682 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the function of target genes at the post-transcriptional phase. miRNAs are considered to have roles in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. Recent studies have indicated that particular miRNA signatures are correlated with tumor aggressiveness, response to drug therapy and patient outcome in breast cancer. On the other hand, in routine clinical practice, the treatment regimens for breast cancer are determined based on the intrinsic subtype of the primary tumor. Previous studies have shown that miRNA expression profiles of each intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer differ. In hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, miRNA expressions are found to be correlated with endocrine therapy resistance, progesterone receptor expression and heat shock protein activity. Some miRNAs are associated with resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and HER3 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer. In triple-negative breast cancer, miRNA expressions are found to be associated with BRCA mutations, immune system, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell properties and androgen receptor expression. As it has been clarified that the expression levels and functions of miRNA differ among the various subtypes of breast cancer, and it is necessary to take account of the characteristics of each breast cancer subtype during research into the roles of miRNA in breast cancer. In addition, the discovery of the roles played by miRNAs in breast cancer might provide new opportunities for the development of novel strategies for diagnosing and treating breast cancer.
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117
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Verma S, Bartlett CH, Schnell P, DeMichele AM, Loi S, Ro J, Colleoni M, Iwata H, Harbeck N, Cristofanilli M, Zhang K, Thiele A, Turner NC, Rugo HS. Palbociclib in Combination With Fulvestrant in Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive/HER2-Negative Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer: Detailed Safety Analysis From a Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study (PALOMA-3). Oncologist 2016; 21:1165-1175. [PMID: 27368881 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palbociclib enhances endocrine therapy and improves clinical outcomes in hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Because this is a new target, it is clinically important to understand palbociclib's safety profile to effectively manage toxicity and optimize clinical benefit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with endocrine-resistant, HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC (n = 521) were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive fulvestrant (500 mg intramuscular injection) with or without goserelin with oral palbociclib (125 mg daily; 3 weeks on/1 week off) or placebo. Safety assessments at baseline and day 1 of each cycle included blood counts on day 15 for the first 2 cycles. Hematologic toxicity was assessed by using laboratory data. RESULTS A total of 517 patients were treated (palbociclib, n = 345; placebo, n = 172); median follow-up was 8.9 months. With palbociclib, neutropenia was the most common grade 3 (55%) and 4 (10%) adverse event; median times to onset and duration of grade ≥3 episodes were 16 and 7 days, respectively. Asian ethnicity and below-median neutrophil counts at baseline were significantly associated with an increased chance of developing grade 3-4 neutropenia with palbociclib. Dose modifications for grade 3-4 neutropenia had no adverse effect on progression-free survival. In the palbociclib arm, febrile neutropenia occurred in 3 (<1%) patients. The percentage of grade 1-2 infections was higher than in the placebo arm. Grade 1 stomatitis occurred in 8% of patients. CONCLUSION Palbociclib plus fulvestrant treatment was well-tolerated, and the primary toxicity of asymptomatic neutropenia was effectively managed by dose modification without apparent loss of efficacy. This study appears at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01942135. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Treatment with palbociclib in combination with fulvestrant was generally safe and well-tolerated in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer. Consistent with the drug's proposed mechanism of action, palbociclib-related neutropenia differs in its clinical time course, patterns, and consequences from those seen with chemotherapy. Neutropenia can be effectively managed by a dose reduction, interruption, or cycle delay without compromising efficacy. A significant efficacy gain and a favorable safety profile support the consideration of incorporating palbociclib into the routine management of HR-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sherene Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jungsil Ro
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Nadia Harbeck
- Brustzentrum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Nicholas C Turner
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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118
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miRNA-205 targets VEGFA and FGF2 and regulates resistance to chemotherapeutics in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2291. [PMID: 27362808 PMCID: PMC5108343 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in regulating cancer cell survival, proliferation and sensitivity to chemotherapy. The potential application of using miRNAs to predict chemotherapeutic response to cancer treatment is highly promising. However, the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapy response control by miRNAs remain to be fully identified and their prognostic value has not been fully evaluated. Here we show a strong correlation between miR-205 expression and chemosensitivtiy to TAC (docetaxol, doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide), a widely-used neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimen, for breast cancer patients. High level of miR-205 predicted better response to TAC regimen NAC in breast cancer patients. We found miR-205 downregulated in both MCF-7/A02 and CALDOX cells, two drug-resistant derivatives of MCF-7 and Cal51 cells, and its ectopic expression led to an increase in apoptosis resensitization of both drug-resistant cell lines to doxorubicin and taxol. We further show that miR-205 directly binds VEGFA and FGF2 mRNA 3′-UTRs and confirm that miR-205 levels are negatively correlated with VEGFA and FGF2 mRNA expression in breast cancer patients. Adding VEGFA and FGF2 exogenously to chemosensitive breast cancer cells and chemoresistant cells with miR-205 overexpression led to drug resistance. Consistently, low VEGFA and FGF2 expression correlated with better response to NAC in breast cancer patients. In addition, inhibition of tumor growth and resensitization to doxorubicin were also observed in mouse tumor xenografts from cells overexpressing miR-205. Taken together, our data suggest that miR-205 enhances chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to TAC chemotherapy by suppressing both VEGFA and FGF2, leading to evasion of apoptosis. MiR-205 may serve as a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment.
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119
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Jiang X, Lei R, Ning Q. Circulating long noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers of human diseases. Biomark Med 2016; 10:757-69. [PMID: 27347748 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a kind of noncoding RNAs which are longer than ˜200 nucleotides, lacking of protein-encoding capacity and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, it was demonstrated that lncRNAs could be released into the circulation and be stable in blood. Circulating lncRNAs have been reported to have potential in distinguishing patients from healthy individuals. Therefore, the detection of circulating lncRNAs may be valuable for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. This review summarized the current understanding of circulating lncRNAs as novel biomarkers of various human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases and other diseases, which highlighted the significance of circulating lncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi, China
| | - Ronghui Lei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi, China
| | - Qilan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi, China
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120
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Dioscin strengthens the efficiency of adriamycin in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells through autophagy induction: More than just down-regulation of MDR1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28403. [PMID: 27329817 PMCID: PMC4916600 DOI: 10.1038/srep28403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of dioscin on activity of adriamycin (ADR) in ADR-sensitive (MCF-7) and ADR-resistant (MCF-7/ADR) human breast cancer cells and to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved. Antiproliferation effect of ADR was enhanced by dioscin in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells. Dioscin significantly inhibited MDR1 mRNA and protein expression and MDR1 promoter and nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) activity in MCF-7/ADR cells. Additionally, inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α) degradation was inhibited by dioscin. Moreover, dioscin induced the formation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm and protein level of LC3-II in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA abolished the effect of dioscin on ADR cytotoxicity. Dioscin inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, resulting in upregulation of LC3-II expression. In conclusion, dioscin increased ADR chemosensitivity by down-regulating MDR1 expression through NF-κB signaling inhibition in MCF-7/ADR cells. Autophagy was induced by dioscin to ameliorate the cytotoxicity of ADR via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathways in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells. These findings provide evidence in support of further investigation into the clinical application of dioscin as a chemotherapy adjuvant.
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121
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Zheng L, Li X, Meng X, Chou J, Hu J, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Xing Y, Liu Y, Xi T. Competing endogenous RNA networks of CYP4Z1 and pseudogene CYP4Z2P confer tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 427:133-42. [PMID: 26980484 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer can be treated with endocrine therapy using anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen; nonetheless, patients often develop resistance limiting the success of breast cancer treatment. The potential mechanisms remain elusive. In detail, many miRNAs have been associated with breast cancer tamoxifen resistance, but no studies have addressed the role of miRNA-mediated competitive endogenous RNAs network (ceRNET) in tamoxifen resistance. The ceRNET between CYP4Z1 and pseudogene CYP4Z2P has been revealed to promote breast cancer angiogenesis. However, its function in tamoxifen resistance remains unclear. Here we report CYP4Z1 and CYP4Z2P were downregulated in MCF-7 cells compared with tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7-TamR cells. Enforced upregulation of CYP4Z1- or CYP4Z2P-3'UTR level renders MCF-7 Cells resistant to tamoxifen. We find that overexpression of CYP4Z1- or CYP4Z2P-3'UTR enhances the transcriptional activity of ERα through the activation of ERα phosphorylation. Furthermore, we find that CYP4Z1- and CYP4Z2P-3'UTRs increase ERα activity dependent on cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3). Reporter gene and western blot assays revealed that CYP4Z1- and CYP4Z2P-3'UTRs act as CDK3 ceRNAs. More importantly, the blocking of CYP4Z1- and CYP4Z2P-3'UTRs reversed tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7-TamR cells. Our data demonstrates that the ceRNET between CYP4Z1 and pseudogene CYP4Z2P acts as a sub-ceRNET to promote CDK3 expression in ER-positive breast cancer and is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinjiang Chou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinhang Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhiting Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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122
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Bacci M, Giannoni E, Fearns A, Ribas R, Gao Q, Taddei ML, Pintus G, Dowsett M, Isacke CM, Martin LA, Chiarugi P, Morandi A. miR-155 Drives Metabolic Reprogramming of ER+ Breast Cancer Cells Following Long-Term Estrogen Deprivation and Predicts Clinical Response to Aromatase Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1615-26. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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123
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Miano V, Ferrero G, Reineri S, Caizzi L, Annaratone L, Ricci L, Cutrupi S, Castellano I, Cordero F, De Bortoli M. Luminal long non-coding RNAs regulated by estrogen receptor alpha in a ligand-independent manner show functional roles in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3201-16. [PMID: 26621851 PMCID: PMC4823100 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) activation by estrogenic hormones induces luminal breast cancer cell proliferation. However, ERα plays also important hormone-independent functions to maintain breast tumor cells epithelial phenotype. We reported previously by RNA-Seq that in MCF-7 cells in absence of hormones ERα down-regulation changes the expression of several genes linked to cellular development, representing a specific subset of estrogen-induced genes. Here, we report regulation of long non-coding RNAs from the same experimental settings. A list of 133 Apo-ERα-Regulated lncRNAs (AER-lncRNAs) was identified and extensively characterized using published data from cancer cell lines and tumor tissues, or experiments on MCF-7 cells. For several features, we ran validation using cell cultures or fresh tumor biopsies. AER-lncRNAs represent a specific subset, only marginally overlapping estrogen-induced transcripts, whose expression is largely restricted to luminal cells and which is able to perfectly classify breast tumor subtypes. The most abundant AER-lncRNA, DSCAM-AS1, is expressed in ERα+ breast carcinoma, but not in pre-neoplastic lesions, and correlates inversely with EMT markers. Down-regulation of DSCAM-AS1 recapitulated, in part, the effect of silencing ERα, i.e. growth arrest and induction of EMT markers. In conclusion, we report an ERα-dependent lncRNA set representing a novel luminal signature in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Miano
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Reineri
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Bioindustry Park Silvano Fumero, Turin, Italy
| | - Livia Caizzi
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Ricci
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Santina Cutrupi
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Cordero
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele De Bortoli
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Nair S. Current insights into the molecular systems pharmacology of lncRNA-miRNA regulatory interactions and implications in cancer translational medicine. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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125
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Stellato C, Porreca I, Cuomo D, Tarallo R, Nassa G, Ambrosino C. The “busy life” of unliganded estrogen receptors. Proteomics 2015; 16:288-300. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stellato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | | | - Danila Cuomo
- Department of Science and Technology; University of Sannio; Benevento Italy
- Biogem scarl; Ariano Irpino (AV); Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology; University of Sannio; Benevento Italy
- Biogem scarl; Ariano Irpino (AV); Italy
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126
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Cătană CS, Calin GA, Berindan-Neagoe I. Inflamma-miRs in Aging and Breast Cancer: Are They Reliable Players? Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:85. [PMID: 26697428 PMCID: PMC4678211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation known as “inflammaging.” Persistent low-level inflammation also plays a key role in all stages of breast cancer since “inflammaging” is the potential link between cancer and aging through NF-kB pathways highly influenced by specific miRs. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. Inflamma-miRs have been implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Their abnormal expression contributes to the chronic pro-inflammatory status documented in normal aging and major age-related diseases (ARDs), inflammaging being a significant mortality risk factor in both cases. Nevertheless, the correct diagnosis of inflammaging is difficult to make and its hidden contribution to negative health outcomes remains unknown. This methodological work flow was aimed at defining crucial unanswered questions about inflammaging that can be used to clarify aging-related miRNAs in serum and cell lines as well as their targets, thus confirming their role in aging and breast cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, we aim to highlight the links between the pro-inflammatory mechanism underlying the cancer and aging processes and the precise function of certain miRNAs in cellular senescence (CS). In addition, miRNAs and cancer genes represent the basis for new therapeutic findings indicating that both cancer and ARDs genes are possible candidates involved in CS and vice versa. Our goal is to obtain a focused review that could facilitate future approaches in the investigation of the mechanisms by which miRNAs control the aging process by acting as efficient ARDs inflammatory biomarkers. An understanding of the sources and modulation of inflamma-miRs along with the identification of their specific target genes could enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sorina Cătană
- Department of Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA ; Non-Coding RNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA ; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Institute of Doctoral Studies, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania ; Department of Experimental Pathology, Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology , Cluj Napoca , Romania
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127
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Egeland NG, Lunde S, Jonsdottir K, Lende TH, Cronin-Fenton D, Gilje B, Janssen EAM, Søiland H. The Role of MicroRNAs as Predictors of Response to Tamoxifen Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24243-75. [PMID: 26473850 PMCID: PMC4632748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is a key treatment strategy to control or eradicate hormone-responsive breast cancer. However, resistance to endocrine therapy leads to breast cancer relapse. The recent extension of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment up to 10 years actualizes the need for identifying biological markers that may be used to monitor predictors of treatment response. MicroRNAs are promising biomarkers that may fill the gap between preclinical knowledge and clinical observations regarding endocrine resistance. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional repression or degradation of mRNA, most often leading to gene silencing. MicroRNAs have been identified directly in the primary tumor, but also in the circulation of breast cancer patients. The few available studies investigating microRNA in patients suggest that seven microRNAs (miR-10a, miR-26, miR-30c, miR-126a, miR-210, miR-342 and miR-519a) play a role in tamoxifen resistance. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) reveals that these seven microRNAs interact more readily with estrogen receptor (ER)-independent pathways than ER-related signaling pathways. Some of these pathways are targetable (e.g., PIK3CA), suggesting that microRNAs as biomarkers of endocrine resistance may have clinical value. Validation of the role of these candidate microRNAs in large prospective studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G Egeland
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Gerd Ragna Bloch Thorsens Gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Siri Lunde
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Kristin Jonsdottir
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Gerd Ragna Bloch Thorsens Gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Tone H Lende
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Deirdre Cronin-Fenton
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Science Center Skejby, Olof Palmes Allé 43, Aarhus N, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Bjørnar Gilje
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Gerd Ragna Bloch Thorsens Gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Emiel A M Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Gerd Ragna Bloch Thorsens Gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Håvard Søiland
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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128
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Abstract
Therapies targeting estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), including selective ER modulators such as tamoxifen, selective ER downregulators such as fulvestrant (ICI 182 780), and aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole, are successfully used in treating breast cancer patients whose initial tumor expresses ERα. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of endocrine therapies is limited by acquired resistance. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of endocrine-resistant breast cancer is of keen interest in developing biomarkers and therapies to counter metastatic disease. This review focuses on miRNAs implicated as disruptors of antiestrogen therapies, their bona fide gene targets and associated pathways promoting endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penn Muluhngwi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsCenter for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsCenter for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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Cai Y, He J, Zhang D. Long noncoding RNA CCAT2 promotes breast tumor growth by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2657-64. [PMID: 26442763 PMCID: PMC4590572 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s90485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to protein-coding genes, the human genome makes a large amount of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs could have a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis as well as cancer progression and metastasis. The lncRNA CCAT2 is dysregulated in several cancers such as colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, and breast cancer; however, the contributions of CCAT2 to breast cancer remain largely unknown. In the current paper, we first confirmed the high expression level of CCAT2 in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, and we further analyzed the relationship between CCAT2 expression and clinical prognostic factors. Also, the biological function of CCAT2 was explored and the results showed silencing of CCAT2 could suppress cell growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Finally, our results revealed that the abnormal expression of CCAT2 could influence the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, lncRNA CCAT2 might be considered as a novel molecule involved in breast cancer development, which provides a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Geriatric Integrated Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing City, People's Republic of China
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130
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van Agthoven T, Dorssers LCJ, Lehmann U, Kreipe H, Looijenga LHJ, Christgen M. Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 4 (BCAR4) Drives Proliferation of IPH-926 lobular Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136845. [PMID: 26317614 PMCID: PMC4552740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most breast cancers depend on estrogenic growth stimulation. Functional genetic screenings in in vitro cell models have identified genes, which override growth suppression induced by anti-estrogenic drugs like tamoxifen. Using that approach, we have previously identified Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 4 (BCAR4) as a mediator of cell proliferation and tamoxifen-resistance. Here, we show high level of expression and function of BCAR4 in human breast cancer. Methods BCAR4 mRNA expression was evaluated by (q)RT-PCR in a panel of human normal tissues, primary breast cancers and cell lines. A new antibody raised against C78-I97 of the putative BCAR4 protein and used for western blot and immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated gene silencing was implemented to study the function of BCAR4 and its downstream targets ERBB2/3. Results Except for placenta, all human normal tissues tested were BCAR4-negative. In primary breast cancers, BCAR4 expression was comparatively rare (10%), but associated with enhanced proliferation. Relative high BCAR4 mRNA expression was identified in IPH-926, a cell line derived from an endocrine-resistant lobular breast cancer. Moderate BCAR4 expression was evident in MDA-MB-134 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. BCAR4 protein was detected in breast cancer cells with ectopic (ZR-75-1-BCAR4) and endogenous (IPH-926, MDA-MB-453) BCAR4 mRNA expression. Knockdown of BCAR4 inhibited cell proliferation. A similar effect was observed upon knockdown of ERBB2/3 and exposure to lapatinib, implying that BCAR4 acts in an ERBB2/3-dependent manner. Conclusion BCAR4 encodes a functional protein, which drives proliferation of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Lapatinib, a clinically approved EGFR/ERBB2 inhibitor, counteracts BCAR4-driven tumor cell growth, a clinical relevant observation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Female
- Humans
- Lapatinib
- Middle Aged
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton van Agthoven
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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131
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Chen Z, Yuan YC, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chan HJ, Chen S. Down-regulation of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is associated with aromatase inhibitor resistance and a poor prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 152:29-39. [PMID: 26026468 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Progression or recurrence due to resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is a significant clinical problem for a considerable number of patients with breast cancer. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a tumor suppressor protein, is targeted for degradation during tumor progression. In the current study, we aimed to examine PDCD4 expression and regulation in AI-resistant breast cancer cells, and its association with survival in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. We determined PDCD4 expression levels in AI-resistant breast cancer cell lines and ER-positive breast cancer tumors, investigated the regulation of PDCD4 in AI-resistant breast cancer cell lines, and carried out a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in two independent cohorts that included a total of 420 patients with ER-positive breast cancer. We found that PDCD4 expression was down-regulated in AI-resistant breast cancer cells, and this down-regulation was inversely correlated with activation of HER2 signaling. Moreover, lower expression of PDCD4 was significantly associated with HER2 positive status in ER-positive breast tumors. Down-regulation of PDCD4 was mediated through up-regulation of HER2 via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), and miR-21 in AI-resistant breast cancer cells. MiR-21 inhibitor and the ER down-regulator fulvestrant induced PDCD4 expression and decreased cell proliferation in AI-resistant breast cancer cells. Furthermore, forced overexpression of PDCD4 resensitized AI-resistant cells to AI or hormone deprivation. Finally, we identified that down-regulation of PDCD4 was associated with a lower rate of disease-free survival in patients with ER-positive breast cancer and high histologic grade of breast tumors. In summary, our study shows that expression of PDCD4 is down-regulated by HER2 signaling in AI-resistant breast cancer. Down-regulation of PDCD4 is associated with AI resistance and a poor prognosis in patients with ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Zheng Liu
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Hei Jason Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States.
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