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Abdul Rahim MBH, Chilloux J, Martinez-Gili L, Neves AL, Myridakis A, Gooderham N, Dumas ME. Diet-induced metabolic changes of the human gut microbiome: importance of short-chain fatty acids, methylamines and indoles. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:493-500. [PMID: 30903435 PMCID: PMC6451719 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is a home for more than 100 trillion bacteria, far more than all other microbial populations resident on the body's surface. The human gut microbiome is considered as a microbial organ symbiotically operating within the host. It is a collection of different cell lineages that are capable of communicating with each other and the host and has an ability to undergo self-replication for its repair and maintenance. As the gut microbiota is involved in many host processes including growth and development, an imbalance in its ecological composition may lead to disease and dysfunction in the human. Gut microbial degradation of nutrients produces bioactive metabolites that bind target receptors, activating signalling cascades, and modulating host metabolism. This review covers current findings on the nutritional and pharmacological roles of selective gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, methylamines and indoles, as well as discussing nutritional interventions to modulate the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Badrin Hanizam Abdul Rahim
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ana L Neves
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nigel Gooderham
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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102
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Clarke G, Sandhu KV, Griffin BT, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Hyland NP. Gut Reactions: Breaking Down Xenobiotic–Microbiome Interactions. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:198-224. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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103
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Liss MA, Leach RJ, Rourke E, Sherrill A, Johnson-Pais T, Lai Z, Basler J, White JR, Patterson JE. Microbiome diversity in carriers of fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60:75-83. [PMID: 30838339 PMCID: PMC6397931 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQR) Escherichia coli causes transrectal prostate biopsy infections. In order to reduce colonization of these bacteria in carriers, we would like to understand the surrounding microbiome to determine targets for decolonization. Materials and Methods We perform an observational study to investigate the microbiome differences in men with and without FQR organisms found on rectal culture. A rectal swab with two culturettes was performed on men before an upcoming prostate biopsy procedure as standard of care to perform “targeted prophylaxis.” Detection of FQR was performed by the standard microbiology lab inoculates the swab onto MacConkey agar containing ciprofloxacin. The extra swab was sent for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (MiSeq paired-end) using the V1V2 primer. Alpha and beta-diversity analysis were performed using QIIME. We used PERMANOVA to evaluate the statistical significance of beta-diversity distances within and between groups of interest. Results We collected 116 rectal swab samples before biopsy for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We identified 18 isolates (15.5%, 18/116) that were positive and had relative reduced diversity profiles (p<0.05). Enterobacteriaceae were significantly over-represented in the FQR subjects (adjusted p=0.03). Conclusions Microbiome analysis determined that men colonized with FQR bacteria have less diverse bacterial communities (dysbiosis), higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae and reduced levels of Prevotella disiens. These results may have implications in pre/probiotic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rourke
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Allison Sherrill
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Teresa Johnson-Pais
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Genome Sequencing Facility (GSF) in the Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (Greehey CCRI), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Basler
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Jan E Patterson
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
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104
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Ponzo V, Fedele D, Goitre I, Leone F, Lezo A, Monzeglio C, Finocchiaro C, Ghigo E, Bo S. Diet-Gut Microbiota Interactions and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Nutrients 2019; 11:E330. [PMID: 30717458 PMCID: PMC6413040 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical nutritional therapy is the first-line approach in managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Diet is also a powerful modulator of the gut microbiota, whose impact on insulin resistance and the inflammatory response in the host are well known. Changes in the gut microbiota composition have been described in pregnancies either before the onset of GDM or after its diagnosis. The possible modulation of the gut microbiota by dietary interventions in pregnancy is a topic of emerging interest, in consideration of the potential effects on maternal and consequently neonatal health. To date, very few data from observational studies are available about the associations between diet and the gut microbiota in pregnancy complicated by GDM. In this review, we analyzed the available data and discussed the current knowledge about diet manipulation in order to shape the gut microbiota in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Debora Fedele
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Goitre
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Filomena Leone
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonela Lezo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Clara Monzeglio
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Concetta Finocchiaro
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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105
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Wang F, Xu J, Jakovlić I, Wang WM, Zhao YH. Dietary betaine reduces liver lipid accumulationviaimprovement of bile acid and trimethylamine-N-oxide metabolism in blunt-snout bream. Food Funct 2019; 10:6675-6689. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary betaine decreased liver lipid accumulation caused by dietary carbohydrate through changes of TMA formation and TMAO and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics
- Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics
- Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education
| | | | - Wei-Min Wang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics
- Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education
| | - Yu-Hua Zhao
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics
- Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education
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106
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Liang S, Hou Z, Li X, Wang J, Cai L, Zhang R, Li J. The fecal metabolome is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29973-29979. [PMID: 35531557 PMCID: PMC9072113 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been linked to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and grows as a resource for GDM biomarkers. However, the contributions of gut microbiota to GDM remain incompletely understood. Metabolites are key messengers in the interactions between gut microbiota and the host. Metabolomics is emerging as an essential tool in exploring the contributions of gut microbiota to diseases. In this study, we performed 1H-NMR based metabolomics on the feces of 62 pregnant women, including 31 women with GDM, and 31 women as the non-diabetes (NDM) control. Using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA), we observed clear cluster separation of the fecal metabolome between women with GDM and the NDM control. We further applied several feature selection methods to find five fecal metabolites contributing to the cluster separation of the fecal metabolome. These five metabolites, namely dibutyl decanedioate, N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphate, homocysteine, l-malic acid, and butanone, were significantly correlated with the clinical indices of GDM. Metabolite enrichment and pathway analysis on the five metabolites suggested that the fecal citrate cycle and sulfur metabolism were correlated with GDM. The results of this study demonstrated that disorders in the fecal metabolome are associated with GDM. Fecal metabolome could separate women with GDM from the non-diabetic control.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Liang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- PR China
| | - Ziqi Hou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- PR China
| | - Xue Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- PR China
| | - Lijun Cai
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- PR China
| | - Runping Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Shanxi
- Women Health Center of Shanxi
- Taiyuan 030001
- PR China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- PR China
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107
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Ding L, Chang M, Guo Y, Zhang L, Xue C, Yanagita T, Zhang T, Wang Y. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherosclerosis is associated with bile acid metabolism. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:286. [PMID: 30567573 PMCID: PMC6300890 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) plasma levels have been proved to be associated with atherosclerosis development. Among the targets aimed to ameliorating atherosclerotic lesions, inducing bile acid synthesis to eliminate excess cholesterol in body is an effective way. Individual bile acid as endogenous ligands for the nuclear receptor has differential effects on regulating bile acid metabolism. It is unclear whether bile acid profiles are mechanistically linked to TMAO-induced development of atherosclerosis. METHODS Male apoE-/- mice were fed with control diet containing 0.3% TMAO for 8 weeks. Aortic lesion development and serum lipid profiles were determined. Bile acid profiles in bile, liver and serum were measured by liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS). Real-time PCRs were performed to analyze mRNA expression of genes related to hepatic bile acid metabolism. RESULTS The total plaque areas in the aortas strongly increased 2-fold (P < 0.001) in TMAO administration mice. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in TMAO group were also significantly increased by 25.5% (P = 0.044), 31.2% (P = 0.006), 28.3% (P = 0.032), respectively. TMAO notably changed bile acid profiles, especially in serum, the most prominent inductions were tauromuricholic acid (TMCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA). Mechanically, TMAO inhibited hepatic bile acid synthesis by specifically repressing the classical bile acid synthesis pathway, which might be mediated by activation of small heterodimer partner (SHP) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that TMAO accelerated aortic lesion formation in apoE-/- mice by altering bile acid profiles, further activating nuclear receptor FXR and SHP to inhibit bile acid synthesis by reducing Cyp7a1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China. .,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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108
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Brial F, Le Lay A, Dumas ME, Gauguier D. Implication of gut microbiota metabolites in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3977-3990. [PMID: 30101405 PMCID: PMC6182343 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from the literature keeps highlighting the impact of mutualistic bacterial communities of the gut microbiota on human health. The gut microbita is a complex ecosystem of symbiotic bacteria which contributes to mammalian host biology by processing, otherwise, indigestible nutrients, supplying essential metabolites, and contributing to modulate its immune system. Advances in sequencing technologies have enabled structural analysis of the human gut microbiota and allowed detection of changes in gut bacterial composition in several common diseases, including cardiometabolic disorders. Biological signals sent by the gut microbiota to the host, including microbial metabolites and pro-inflammatory molecules, mediate microbiome-host genome cross-talk. This rapidly expanding line of research can identify disease-causing and disease-predictive microbial metabolite biomarkers, which can be translated into novel biodiagnostic tests, dietary supplements, and nutritional interventions for personalized therapeutic developments in common diseases. Here, we review results from the most significant studies dealing with the association of products from the gut microbial metabolism with cardiometabolic disorders. We underline the importance of these postbiotic biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Brial
- Sorbonne University, University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Le Lay
- Sorbonne University, University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, UK
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Sorbonne University, University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR_S1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, UK.
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
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109
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Jameson E, Quareshy M, Chen Y. Methodological considerations for the identification of choline and carnitine-degrading bacteria in the gut. Methods 2018; 149:42-48. [PMID: 29684641 PMCID: PMC6200775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial formation of trimethylamine (TMA) has been linked to cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on the methods employed to investigate the identity of the bacteria responsible for the formation of TMA from dietary choline and carnitine in the human gut. Recent studies have revealed the metabolic pathways responsible for bacterial TMA production, primarily the anaerobic glycyl radical-containing, choline-TMA lyase, CutC and the aerobic carnitine monooxygenase, CntA. Identification of these enzymes has enabled bioinformatics approaches to screen both human-associated bacterial isolate genomes and whole gut metagenomes to determine which bacteria are responsible for TMA formation in the human gut. We centre on several key methodological aspects for identifying the TMA-producing bacteria and report how these pathways can be identified in human gut microbiota through bioinformatics analysis of available bacterial genomes and gut metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jameson
- The University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom.
| | - Mussa Quareshy
- The University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Yin Chen
- The University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, United Kingdom
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110
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Castillo-Rodriguez E, Fernandez-Prado R, Esteras R, Perez-Gomez MV, Gracia-Iguacel C, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Kanbay M, Tejedor A, Lazaro A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Gonzalez-Parra E, Sanz AB, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Impact of Altered Intestinal Microbiota on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070300. [PMID: 30029499 PMCID: PMC6070989 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), accumulation of uremic toxins is associated with an increased risk of CKD progression. Some uremic toxins result from nutrient processing by gut microbiota, yielding precursors of uremic toxins or uremic toxins themselves, such as trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), p-cresyl sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and indole-3 acetic acid. Increased intake of some nutrients may modify the gut microbiota, increasing the number of bacteria that process them to yield uremic toxins. Circulating levels of nutrient-derived uremic toxins are associated to increased risk of CKD progression. This offers the opportunity for therapeutic intervention by either modifying the diet, modifying the microbiota, decreasing uremic toxin production by microbiota, increasing toxin excretion or targeting specific uremic toxins. We now review the link between nutrients, microbiota and uremic toxin with CKD progression. Specific focus will be placed on the generation specific uremic toxins with nephrotoxic potential, the decreased availability of bacteria-derived metabolites with nephroprotective potential, such as vitamin K and butyrate and the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking these toxins and protective factors to kidney diseases. This information provides a conceptual framework that allows the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raul Fernandez-Prado
- Nephrology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Esteras
- Nephrology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Vanessa Perez-Gomez
- Nephrology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina Gracia-Iguacel
- Nephrology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
| | - Alberto Tejedor
- Nefrología, IIS-Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Lazaro
- Nefrología, IIS-Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Nephrology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Gonzalez-Parra
- Nephrology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Nephrology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Nephrology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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111
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Molecular phenomics and metagenomics of hepatic steatosis in non-diabetic obese women. Nat Med 2018; 24:1070-1080. [PMID: 29942096 PMCID: PMC6140997 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a multifactorial condition that is often observed in obese patients and is a prelude to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we combine shotgun sequencing of fecal metagenomes with molecular phenomics (hepatic transcriptome and plasma and urine metabolomes) in two well-characterized cohorts of morbidly obese women recruited to the FLORINASH study. We reveal molecular networks linking the gut microbiome and the host phenome to hepatic steatosis. Patients with steatosis have low microbial gene richness and increased genetic potential for the processing of dietary lipids and endotoxin biosynthesis (notably from Proteobacteria), hepatic inflammation and dysregulation of aromatic and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. We demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplants and chronic treatment with phenylacetic acid, a microbial product of aromatic amino acid metabolism, successfully trigger steatosis and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Molecular phenomic signatures were predictive (area under the curve = 87%) and consistent with the gut microbiome having an effect on the steatosis phenome (>75% shared variation) and, therefore, actionable via microbiome-based therapies.
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