101
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Wondergem NE, Nauta IH, Muijlwijk T, Leemans CR, van de Ven R. The Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: on Subsets and Subsites. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:81. [PMID: 32602047 PMCID: PMC7324425 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand why some patients respond to immunotherapy but many do not, a clear picture of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is key. Here we review the current understanding on the immune composition per HNSCC subsite, the importance of the tumor's etiology and the prognostic power of specific immune cells. RECENT FINDINGS Large cohort data are mostly based on deconvolution of transcriptional databases. Studies focusing on infiltrate localization often entail small cohorts, a mixture of HNSCC subsites, or focus on a single immune marker rather than the interaction between cells within the TME. Conclusions on the prognostic impact of specific immune cells in HNSCC are hampered by the use of heterogeneous or small cohorts. To move forward, the field should focus on deciphering the immune composition per HNSCC subsite, in powered cohorts and considering the molecular diversity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels E Wondergem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Nauta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tara Muijlwijk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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102
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Roy S, Sethi TK, Taylor D, Kim YJ, Johnson DB. Breakthrough concepts in immune-oncology: Cancer vaccines at the bedside. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1455-1489. [PMID: 32557857 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5bt0420-585rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical approval of the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents for multiple cancer types has reinvigorated the long-standing work on cancer vaccines. In the pre-ICB era, clinical efforts focused on the Ag, the adjuvants, the formulation, and the mode of delivery. These translational efforts on therapeutic vaccines range from cell-based (e.g., dendritic cells vaccine Sipuleucel-T) to DNA/RNA-based platforms with various formulations (liposome), vectors (Listeria monocytogenes), or modes of delivery (intratumoral, gene gun, etc.). Despite promising preclinical results, cancer vaccine trials without ICB have historically shown little clinical activity. With the anticipation and expansion of combinatorial immunotherapeutic trials with ICB, the cancer vaccine field has entered the personalized medicine arena with recent advances in immunogenic neoantigen-based vaccines. In this article, we review the literature to organize the different cancer vaccines in the clinical space, and we will discuss their advantages, limits, and recent progress to overcome their challenges. Furthermore, we will also discuss recent preclinical advances and clinical strategies to combine vaccines with checkpoint blockade to improve therapeutic outcome and present a translational perspective on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tarsheen K Sethi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Young J Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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103
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Kim S, Kim A, Shin JY, Seo JS. The tumor immune microenvironmental analysis of 2,033 transcriptomes across 7 cancer types. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9536. [PMID: 32533054 PMCID: PMC7293350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the tumor microenvironment is important to efficiently identify appropriate patients for immunotherapies in a variety of cancers. Here, we presented the tumor microenvironmental analysis of 2,033 cancer samples across 7 cancer types: colon adenocarcinoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, sarcoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and pheochromocytoma / paraganglioma from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on the gene expression profiles separated the cancer samples into two distinct clusters, and characterized those into immune-competent and immune-deficient subtypes using the estimated abundances of infiltrated immune and stromal cells. We demonstrated differential tumor microenvironmental characteristics of immune-competent subtypes across 7 cancer types, particularly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment features in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma with significant poorer survival rates and immune-supportive features in sarcoma and skin cutaneous melanoma. Additionally, differential genomic instability patterns between the subtypes were found across the cancer types, and discovered that immune-competent subtypes in most of cancer types had significantly higher immune checkpoint gene expressions. Overall, this study suggests that our subtyping approach based on transcriptomic data could contribute to precise prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor responses in a wide range of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjae Kim
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea.,Precision Medicine Institute, Macrogen Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Kim
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea.,CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Shin
- Precision Medicine Institute, Macrogen Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea. .,Precision Medicine Institute, Macrogen Inc., Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Gong-Wu Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13605, Republic of Korea.
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104
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Hou A, Hou K, Huang Q, Lei Y, Chen W. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell, a Promising Strategy to Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32508809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00783.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are starting to transform the treatment for patients with advanced cancer. The extensive application of these antibodies for various cancer obtains exciting anti-tumor immune response by activating T cells. Although the encouraging clinical benefit in patients receiving these immunostimulatory agents are observed, numbers of patients still derive limited response or even none for reasons unknown, sometimes at the cost of adverse reactions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells partly influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies. These cells not only directly suppress T cell but mediate a potently immunosuppressive network within tumor microenvironment to attenuate the anti-tumor response. The crosstalk between MDSCs and immune cells/non-immune cells generates several positive feedbacks to negatively modulate the tumor microenvironment. As such, the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, upregulation of immune checkpoints, angiogenesis and hypoxia are induced and contributing to the acquired resistance to ICIs. Targeting MDSCs could be a potential therapy to overcome the limitation. In this review, we focus on the role of MDSCs in resistance to ICIs and summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting them to enhance ICIs efficiency in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Hou
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Hou
- Department of Bone and Trauma, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiubo Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
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105
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Zhang Z, Bao S, Yan C, Hou P, Zhou M, Sun J. Computational principles and practice for decoding immune contexture in the tumor microenvironment. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5850909. [PMID: 32496512 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) have been recognized as crucial components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and induced both beneficial and adverse consequences for tumorigenesis as well as outcome and therapy (particularly immunotherapy). Computer-aided investigation of immune cell components in the TME has become a promising avenue to better understand the interplay between the immune system and tumors. In this study, we presented an overview of data sources, computational methods and software tools, as well as their application in inferring the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the TME. In parallel, we explored the future perspectives and challenges that may be faced with more accurate quantitative infiltration of immune cells in the future. Together, our study provides a little guide for scientists in the field of clinical and experimental immunology to look for dedicated resources and more competent tools for accelerating the unraveling of tumor-immune interactions with the implication in precision immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Siqi Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Ping Hou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University
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106
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Yarchoan M, Ho WJ, Mohan A, Shah Y, Vithayathil T, Leatherman J, Dennison L, Zaidi N, Ganguly S, Woolman S, Cruz K, Armstrong TD, Jaffee EM. Effects of B cell-activating factor on tumor immunity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136417. [PMID: 32434989 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies that modulate T cell function have been firmly established as a pillar of cancer therapy, whereas the potential for B cells in the antitumor immune response is less established. B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a B cell-activating cytokine belonging to the TNF ligand family that has been associated with autoimmunity, but little is known about its effects on cancer immunity. We find that BAFF upregulates multiple B cell costimulatory molecules; augments IL-12a expression, consistent with Be-1 lineage commitment; and enhances B cell antigen-presentation to CD4+ Th cells in vitro. In a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma, BAFF upregulates B cell CD40 and PD-L1 expression; it also modulates T cell function through increased T cell activation and TH1 polarization, enhanced expression of the proinflammatory leukocyte trafficking chemokine CCR6, and promotion of a memory phenotype, leading to enhanced antitumor immunity. Similarly, adjuvant BAFF promotes a memory phenotype of T cells in vaccine-draining lymph nodes and augments the antitumor efficacy of whole cell vaccines. BAFF also has distinct immunoregulatory functions, promoting the expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen and tumor microenvironment (TME). Human melanoma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrate that BAFF expression is positively associated with overall survival and a TH1/IFN-γ gene signature. These data support a potential role for BAFF signaling as a cancer immunotherapy.
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107
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Hou A, Hou K, Huang Q, Lei Y, Chen W. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell, a Promising Strategy to Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:783. [PMID: 32508809 PMCID: PMC7249937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are starting to transform the treatment for patients with advanced cancer. The extensive application of these antibodies for various cancer obtains exciting anti-tumor immune response by activating T cells. Although the encouraging clinical benefit in patients receiving these immunostimulatory agents are observed, numbers of patients still derive limited response or even none for reasons unknown, sometimes at the cost of adverse reactions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells partly influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies. These cells not only directly suppress T cell but mediate a potently immunosuppressive network within tumor microenvironment to attenuate the anti-tumor response. The crosstalk between MDSCs and immune cells/non-immune cells generates several positive feedbacks to negatively modulate the tumor microenvironment. As such, the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, upregulation of immune checkpoints, angiogenesis and hypoxia are induced and contributing to the acquired resistance to ICIs. Targeting MDSCs could be a potential therapy to overcome the limitation. In this review, we focus on the role of MDSCs in resistance to ICIs and summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting them to enhance ICIs efficiency in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Hou
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Hou
- Department of Bone and Trauma, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiubo Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
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108
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Zhou M, Zhang Z, Bao S, Hou P, Yan C, Su J, Sun J. Computational recognition of lncRNA signature of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes with potential implications in prognosis and immunotherapy of bladder cancer. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5831478. [PMID: 32382761 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with cancer immunity regulation and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, functions of lncRNAs of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) and their clinical significance have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, a machine learning-based computational framework is presented for the identification of lncRNA signature of TIL-Bs (named 'TILBlncSig') through integrative analysis of immune, lncRNA and clinical profiles. The TILBlncSig comprising eight lncRNAs (TNRC6C-AS1, WASIR2, GUSBP11, OGFRP1, AC090515.2, PART1, MAFG-DT and LINC01184) was identified from the list of 141 B-cell-specific lncRNAs. The TILBlncSig was capable of distinguishing worse compared with improved survival outcomes across different independent patient datasets and was also independent of other clinical covariates. Functional characterization of TILBlncSig revealed it to be an indicator of infiltration of mononuclear immune cells (i.e. natural killer cells, B-cells and mast cells), and it was associated with hallmarks of cancer, as well as immunosuppressive phenotype. Furthermore, the TILBlncSig revealed predictive value for the survival outcome and immunotherapy response of patients with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) therapy and added significant predictive power to current immune checkpoint gene markers. The present study has highlighted the value of the TILBlncSig as an indicator of immune cell infiltration in the TME from a noncoding RNA perspective and strengthened the potential application of lncRNAs as predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response, which warrants further investigation.
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109
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Jayakumar A, Bothwell ALM. Functional Diversity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: The Multitasking Hydra of Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 203:1095-1103. [PMID: 31427398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature suppressive cells found in tumors and immunological niches. In this article, we highlight the ability of MDSCs to promote IL-17-producing T cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells in addition to suppressing cytotoxic T cells in different tumor models. These interactions between MDSCs and T cells support tumor growth because IL-17 is tumorigenic in many cancer types and regulatory T cells suppress antitumor T cells. Besides T cells, MDSCs promote regulatory B cells and suppress overall B cell function; however, tumor-evoked regulatory B cells also regulate MDSC function, suggesting cross-regulation between MDSCs and B cells. These multiple functions shed light on how MDSCs dysregulate several arms of host immune response. Moreover, MDSCs promote tumor cell survival and angiogenesis to support tumors. Therefore, the multifunctional feature of MDSCs make them attractive immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jayakumar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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110
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Jiang Y, Wang C, Zhou S. Targeting tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer: Premise and promise. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188361. [PMID: 32234508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality globally. The majority of ovarian cancer patients suffer from relapse after standard of care therapies and the clinical benefits from cancer therapies are not satisfactory owing to drug resistance. Certain novel drugs targeting the components of tumor microenvironment (TME) have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration in solid cancers. As such, the passion is rekindled to exploit the role of TME in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis for discovery of novel therapeutics for this deadly disease. In the current review, we revisit the recent mechanistic insights into the contributions of TME to the development, progression, prognosis prediction and therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer via modulating cancer hallmarks. We also explored potentially promising predictive and prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China.
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111
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Xu L, Pelosof L, Wang R, McFarland HI, Wu WW, Phue JN, Lee CT, Shen RF, Juhl H, Wu LH, Alterovitz WL, Petricon E, Rosenberg AS. NGS Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Reveals Interferon Gamma Dependent Expression of Immune Checkpoint Genes and Identification of Novel IFNγ Induced Genes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:224. [PMID: 32265897 PMCID: PMC7103651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the expression of immune checkpoint genes, their concordance with expression of IFNγ, and to identify potential novel ICP related genes (ICPRG) in colorectal cancer (CRC), the biological connectivity of six well documented ("classical") ICPs (CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, Tim3, IDO1, and LAG3) with IFNγ and its co-expressed genes was examined by NGS in 79 CRC/healthy colon tissue pairs. Identification of novel IFNγ- induced molecules with potential ICP activity was also sought. In our study, the six classical ICPs were statistically upregulated and correlated with IFNγ, CD8A, CD8B, CD4, and 180 additional immunologically related genes in IFNγ positive (FPKM > 1) tumors. By ICP co-expression analysis, we also identified three IFNγ-induced genes [(IFNγ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (IFI30), guanylate binding protein1 (GBP1), and guanylate binding protein 4 (GBP4)] as potential novel ICPRGs. These three genes were upregulated in tumor compared to normal tissues in IFNγ positive tumors, co-expressed with CD8A and had relatively high abundance (average FPKM = 362, 51, and 25, respectively), compared to the abundance of the 5 well-defined ICPs (Tim3, LAG3, PDL1, CTLA4, PD1; average FPKM = 10, 9, 6, 6, and 2, respectively), although IDO1 is expressed at comparably high levels (FPKM = 39). We extended our evaluation by querying the TCGA database which revealed the commonality of IFNγ dependent expression of the three potential ICPRGs in 638 CRCs, 103 skin cutaneous melanomas (SKCM), 1105 breast cancers (BC), 184 esophageal cancers (ESC), 416 stomach cancers (STC), and 501 lung squamous carcinomas (LUSC). In terms of prognosis, based on Pathology Atlas data, correlation of GBP1 and GBP4, but not IFI30, with 5-year survival rate was favorable in CRC, BC, SKCM, and STC. Thus, further studies defining the role of IFI30, GBP1, and GBP4 in CRC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Xu
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lorraine Pelosof
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rong Wang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III (DBRRIII), Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hugh I. McFarland
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III (DBRRIII), Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Wells W. Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Je-Nie Phue
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Chun-Ting Lee
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Lei-Hong Wu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (DBB), National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), FDA, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Wei-Lun Alterovitz
- HIVE, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Emanuel Petricon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine (CAPMM), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Amy S. Rosenberg
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III (DBRRIII), Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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112
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Seow DYB, Yeong JPS, Lim JX, Chia N, Lim JCT, Ong CCH, Tan PH, Iqbal J. Tertiary lymphoid structures and associated plasma cells play an important role in the biology of triple-negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:369-377. [PMID: 32034580 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are aggressive tumours that exhibit abundant lymphoid infiltrates which modulate tumour behaviour. Recent findings suggest that TNBC with higher densities of plasma cells are associated with a favourable prognosis, and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) have prognostic significance. Here, we studied the phenotype and function of plasma cells in TNBCs by assessing their association with IgG Kappa light chain expression, B cells, and TLS. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 269 TNBC cases was performed. Tumour-infiltrating CD38+ plasma cells, CD20+ B cells, and TLS were evaluated on conventional haematoxylin-eosin-stained and immunohistochemical-stained sections of TNBC. We then selected TNBC cases demonstrating the highest and lowest densities of plasma cells, and examined their association with TLS, B cells, as well as immunoglobulin expression using Opal-Vectra multiplex immunofluorescence (IF). RESULTS TNBC with high density of plasma cells showed significantly higher numbers of IgG Kappa+ CD38+ cells (p = 0.0089, p < 0.0001), and higher numbers of TLS (p < 0.0001), compared to TNBC with low density of plasma cells. TNBC with high density of plasma cells also showed higher numbers of CD20+ B cells in the tumour core (p < 0.0001), invasive margin (p < 0.0001), as well as stromal (p = 0.015) compartments. CONCLUSION TNBC with high density of plasma cells are associated with higher numbers of IgG Kappa+ CD38+ cells, CD20+ B cells, and TLS. Further studies to characterize the function of plasma cell infiltrates and how they may interact with other tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and TLS in TNBC may help improve existing immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Yuan Bin Seow
- Division of Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Division of Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Johnathan Xiande Lim
- Division of Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Noel Chia
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5, Lower Kent Ridge Road, 1 Main Building, Level 3, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Division of Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Clara Chong Hui Ong
- Division of Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jabed Iqbal
- Division of Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 10, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
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113
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Garner H, de Visser KE. Immune crosstalk in cancer progression and metastatic spread: a complex conversation. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:483-497. [PMID: 32024984 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic disease is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer deaths. For successful dissemination and metastasis, cancer cells must evade detection and destruction by the immune system. This process is enabled by factors secreted by the primary tumour that shape both the intratumoural microenvironment and the systemic immune landscape. Here, we review the evidence of aberrant immune cell crosstalk in metastasis formation and the role that primary tumours play in hijacking these interactions in order to enhance their metastatic potential. Moreover, we highlight the intriguing parallels between the inflammatory pathways underlying inflammatory disorders and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Garner
- Division of Tumour Biology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
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114
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Ho WJ, Yarchoan M, Charmsaz S, Munday RM, Danilova L, Sztein MB, Fertig EJ, Jaffee EM. Multipanel mass cytometry reveals anti-PD-1 therapy-mediated B and T cell compartment remodeling in tumor-draining lymph nodes. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132286. [PMID: 31855578 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy has become an immunotherapeutic backbone for treating many cancer types. Although many studies have aimed to characterize the immune response to anti-PD-1 therapy in the tumor and in the peripheral blood, relatively less is known about the changes in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). TDLNs are primary sites of tumor antigen exposure that are critical to both regulation and cross-priming of the antitumor immune response. We used multipanel mass cytometry to obtain a high-parameter proteomic (39 total unique markers) immune profile of the TDLNs in a well-studied PD-1-responsive, immunocompetent mouse model. Based on combined hierarchal gating and unsupervised clustering analyses, we found that anti-PD-1 therapy enhances remodeling of both B and T cell compartments toward memory phenotypes. Functionally, expression of checkpoint markers was increased in conjunction with production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-2 in key cell types, including B and T cell subtypes, and rarer subsets, such as Tregs and NKT cells. A deeper profiling of the immunologic changes that occur in the TDLN milieu during effective anti-PD-1 therapy may lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers for monitoring response and provide key insights toward developing combination immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Ho
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
| | | | - Ludmila Danilova
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health.,Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Program in Life Sciences.,Department of Pediatrics, and.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy.,McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, and.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy.,Department of Pediatrics, and.,Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Program and.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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115
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Sharonov GV, Serebrovskaya EO, Yuzhakova DV, Britanova OV, Chudakov DM. B cells, plasma cells and antibody repertoires in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:294-307. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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116
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Melamed E, Lee MW. Multiple Sclerosis and Cancer: The Ying-Yang Effect of Disease Modifying Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2954. [PMID: 31998289 PMCID: PMC6965059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been transformed by the rapidly expanding arsenal of new disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Current DMTs for MS aim to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses toward a less inflammatory phenotype. Since the immune system is also critical for identifying and eliminating malignant cells, immunosuppression from DMTs may predictably increase the risk of cancer development in MS patients. Compared with healthy controls, patients with autoimmune conditions, such as MS, may already have a higher risk of developing certain malignancies and this risk may further be magnified by DMT treatments. For those patients who develop both MS and cancer, these comorbid presentations create a challenge for clinicians on how to therapeutically address management of cancer in the context of MS autoimmunity. As there are currently no accepted guidelines for managing MS patients with prior history of or newly developed malignancy, we undertook this review to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of current DMTs and their potential for instigating and treating cancer in patients living with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Michael William Lee
- Department of Oncology, Department of Medical Education, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
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117
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco
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118
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Wang Y, Wang P, Xu J. Phosphorylation: A Fast Switch For Checkpoint Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:347-398. [PMID: 32185718 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint signaling involves a variety of upstream and downstream factors that participate in the regulation of checkpoint expression, activation, and degradation. During the process, phosphorylation plays a critical role. Phosphorylation is one of the most well-documented post-translational modifications of proteins. Of note, the importance of phosphorylation has been emphasized in aspects of cell activities, including proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation. Here we summarize how phosphorylation of specific molecules affects the immune activities with preference in tumor immunity. Of course, immune checkpoints are given extra attention in this book. There are many common pathways that are involved in signaling of different checkpoints. Some of them are integrated and presented as common activities in the early part of this chapter, especially those associated with PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, because investigations concerning them are particularly abundant and variant. Their distinct regulation is supplementarily discussed in their respective section. As for checkpoints that are so far not well explored, their related phosphorylation modulations are listed separately in the later part. We hope to provide a clear and systematic view of the phosphorylation-modulated immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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119
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Wu H, Su Z, Barnie PA. The role of B regulatory (B10) cells in inflammatory disorders and their potential as therapeutic targets. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106111. [PMID: 31881524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, studies have identified subset of B cells, which play suppressive functions in additions to the conventional functions of B cells: antigen processing and presentation, activation of T cells and antibody productions. Because of their regulatory function, they were named as B regulatory cells (Bregs). Bregs restrict the severity of autoimmune disorders in animal disease models such as experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) but can contribute to the development of infection and cancer. In humans, the roles of B regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases have not been clearly established because of the inconsistent findings from many researchers. This is believed to arise from the speculated fact that Bregs lack specific marker, which can be used to identify and characterize them in human diseases. The CD19+CD24hiCD38hiCD1dhiB cells have been associated with the regulatory function. Available evidences highlight the relevance of increasing IL-10-producing B cells in autoimmune diseases and the possibility of serving as new therapeutic targets in inflammatory disorders. This review empanels the functions of Bregs in autoimmune diseases in both human and animal models, and further evaluates the possibility of Bregs as therapeutic targets in inflammatory disorders. Consequently, this might help identify possible research gaps, which need to be clarified as researchers speculate the possibility of targeting some subsets of Bregs in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wu
- Department of Laboratory, People's Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Prince Amoah Barnie
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
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120
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Zirakzadeh AA, Sherif A, Rosenblatt R, Ahlén Bergman E, Winerdal M, Yang D, Cederwall J, Jakobsson V, Hyllienmark M, Winqvist O, Marits P. Tumour-associated B cells in urothelial urinary bladder cancer. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12830. [PMID: 31823416 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumour infiltrating B cells and CD38+ plasma cells have been correlated with survival in different malignancies but their role in urinary bladder cancer is unclear. IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine with both anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties, that can be released by regulatory B cells (Bregs). We have stained paraffin-embedded tumour sections from 31 patients with invasive urothelial urinary bladder cancer with respect to CD20+ B cells, CD38+ cells, IL-10-expressing cells, IgG, C1q and C3a and analysed the impact of these markers on survival. Interestingly, we observe tumour-associated CD20+ B cells forming follicle-like structures in tumours of some patients. We demonstrate that follicle-like structures, tumour-associated CD38+ cells, IL-10 produced by non-B cells, tumour infiltrating IgG and activation of the complement system, may associate to longer survival of urinary bladder cancer patients. IL-10 expression by tumour-associated Bregs may instead negatively affect prognosis. More research is needed to fully understand the role of B cells and IL-10 in urinary bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ali Zirakzadeh
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robert Rosenblatt
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlén Bergman
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Winerdal
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Yang
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Cederwall
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Jakobsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hyllienmark
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Marits
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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121
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Stożek K, Grubczak K, Marolda V, Eljaszewicz A, Moniuszko M, Bossowski A. Lower proportion of CD19+IL-10+ and CD19+CD24+CD27+ but not CD1d+CD5+CD19+CD24+CD27+ IL-10+ B cells in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Autoimmunity 2019; 53:46-55. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1697690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stożek
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Viviana Marolda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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122
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Hsieh TC, Wu JM. Tumor PD-L1 Induction by Resveratrol/Piceatannol May Function as a Search, Enhance, and Engage ("SEE") Signal to Facilitate the Elimination of "Cold, Non-Responsive" Low PD-L1-Expressing Tumors by PD-L1 Blockade. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235969. [PMID: 31783532 PMCID: PMC6929199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune regulatory protein that facilitates tumor escape from host immune surveillance. In the clinic, tumors with high level of PD-L1 have been used to identify patients who might respond favorably to treatment by anti-PD-L1 antibodies (PD-L1 blockade, PLB). Typically, a progression-free response of 9–20% to PLB has been observed, the basis for the low success rate is largely unknown. Recently, we show upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells by ≥IC50 supra-pharmacological dose of grape polyphenol resveratrol and piceatannol, alone and combined. Herein, we summarize recent published studies on the regulation of tumor PD-L1 by flavonoids and grape polyphenols. We hypothesize that the induced tumor PD-L1 by resveratrol and/or piceatannol may serve as a Search, Enhance, and Engage (“SEE”) signal to sensitize and augment the recognition and detection of low PD-L1-expressing “cold, non-responsive” tumors. The “SEE” strategy enhances the “visibility” of previously unidentified tumor cells for targeting and eventual eradication by the host antitumor activity. This strategy expands the selection criteria for patients with improved sensitivity and potential responsiveness when used in combination with PLB. The modulation of tumor PD-L1 by flavonoids or polyphenols is proposed to improve the response to PLB in low PD-L1 tumors.
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123
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Zhao KL, Yang XJ, Jin HZ, Zhao L, Hu JL, Qin WJ. Double-edge Role of B Cells in Tumor Immunity: Potential Molecular Mechanism. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:685-689. [PMID: 31612383 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
B cells are a heterogeneous population, which have distinct functions of antigen presentation, activating T cells, and secreting antibodies, cytokines as well as protease. It is supposed that the balance among these B cells subpopulation (resting B cells, activated B cells, Bregs, and other differentiated B cells) will determine the ultimate role of B cells in tumor immunity. There has been increasing evidence supporting opposite roles of B cells in tumor immunity, though there are no general acceptable phenotypes for them. Recent years, a new designated subset of B cells identified as Bregs has emerged from immunosuppressive and/or regulatory functions in tumor immune responses. Therefore, transferring activated B cells would be possible to become a promising strategy against tumor via conquering the immunosuppressive status of B cells in future. Understanding the potential mechanism of double-edge role of B cells will help researchers utilize activated B cells to improve their anti-tumor response. Moreover, the molecular pathways related to B cell differentiation are involved in its tumor-promoting effect, such as NF-κB, STAT3, BTK. So, we review the molecular and signaling pathway mechanisms of B cells involved in both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive immunity, in order to help researchers optimize B cells to fight cancer better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jian-Li Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, China.
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Sørensen AL, Bjørn ME, Riley CH, Holmstrøm M, Andersen MH, Svane IM, Mikkelsen SU, Skov V, Kjaer L, Hasselbalch HC, Nielsen CH. B-cell frequencies and immunoregulatory phenotypes in myeloproliferative neoplasms: Influence of ruxolitinib, interferon-α2, or combination treatment. Eur J Haematol 2019; 103:351-361. [PMID: 31297883 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given a proposed role for PD-L1+ and IL-10-producing B-cell subsets in promoting certain cancers, we sought to characterize the frequency and phenotype of B cells in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and the influence of ruxolitinib and interferon-α2 therapy. METHODS We analyzed B-cell frequencies and phenotype in patients with MPNs (n = 107), before and during treatment with ruxolitinib (n = 29), interferon-α2 (n = 21), or the two drugs in combination (COMBI; n = 42) and healthy donors (HDs; n = 52) using flow cytometry. RESULTS Myelofibrosis patients had lower lymphocyte counts and proportions of B cells than patients with essential thrombocythemia or polycythemia vera and HDs. The B-cell count correlated inversely with JAK2-V617F allele burden and spleen size and increased after ruxolitinib or COMBI treatment. The proportions of PD-L1+ B cells and PD-1+ B cells were significantly higher in patients with myelofibrosis or polycythemia vera than in HDs and decreased during ruxolitinib and COMBI treatment. The proportions of TNF-α+ and IL-6+ B cells were elevated in myelofibrosis patients. The proportion of IL-6+ B cells decreased, and the proportion of IL-10+ B cells increased during ruxolitinib treatment. CONCLUSION B-cell frequency and phenotype were altered in MPN patients. Ruxolitinib therapy had marked effects on both frequency and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lindholm Sørensen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mads Emil Bjørn
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Caroline H Riley
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Holmstrøm
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stine Ulrik Mikkelsen
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjaer
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hans C Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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125
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Chakraborty D, Pati S, Bose S, Dhar S, Dutta S, Sa G. Cancer immunotherapy: present scenarios and the future of immunotherapy. THE NUCLEUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-019-00273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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126
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Acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy: Role of tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 65:13-27. [PMID: 31362073 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells are constantly evolving to reduce neoantigen generation and the mutational burden to escape the anti-tumor response. This will lower tumor reactivity to the adaptive immune response and give rise to tumor intrinsic factors, such as altered expression of immune regulatory molecules on tumor cells. Tumor-extrinsic factors, such as immunosuppressive cells, soluble suppressive molecules or inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells will alter the composition and activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (by increasing T regulatory cells:T effector cells ratio and inhibiting T effector cell function) and promote tumor growth and metastasis. Together, these factors limit the response rates and clinical outcomes to a particular cancer therapy. Within the TME, the cross-talks between immune and non-immune cells result in the generation of positive feedback loops, which augment immunosuppression and support tumor growth and survival (termed as tumor-mediated immunosuppression). Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT), have shown therapeutic efficacy in hematologic cancers and different types of solid tumors. However, achieving durable response rates in some cancer patients remains a challenge as a result of acquired resistance and tumor immune evasion. This could be driven by the cellular and molecular suppressive network within the TME or due to the loss of tumor antigens. In this review, we describe the contribution of the immunosuppressive cellular and molecular tumor network to the development of acquired resistance against cancer immunotherapies. We also discuss potential combined therapeutic strategies which could help to overcome such resistance against cancer immunotherapies, and to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve clinical outcomes in patients.
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127
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Yesillik S, Agrawal S, Gollapudi SV, Gupta S. Phenotypic Analysis of CD4+ Treg, CD8+ Treg, and Breg Cells in Adult Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:150-158. [PMID: 31284281 DOI: 10.1159/000501457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+ T regulatory cells [Treg], CD8+ Treg, and B regulatory cells [Breg]) play a critical role in immune homeostasis and tolerance. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is associated with increased susceptibility to infections and increased frequency of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. CD4+ Treg cell abnormalities have been reported in CVID; however, CD8+ Treg cells have not been reported in CVID. The objective of this study was to evaluate CD4+ Treg and CD8+ Treg cells in CVID patients. METHODS In 25 patients with CVID and age-matched healthy controls, Treg cells, evaluated in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (natural; nCD4+ Treg and nCD8+ Treg) and following in vitro activation with anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies (induced; iCD4+ Treg and iCD8+ Treg) as well as Breg cells were analyzed with specific monoclonal antibodies and isotype controls using flow cytometry. RESULTS The proportions of nCD4+ Treg (CD4+ CD127low CD25high FoxP3+), iCD4+ Treg (CD4+ CD127low CD25high FoxP3+), iCD8+ Treg (CD8+ CD25high CD183+ FoxP3+), and Breg (CD19+ CD24high CD38high) lymphocytes were significantly lower in patients with CVID than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Altered regulatory lymphocytes may play a role in the pathogenesis and autoimmunity and inflammation associated with CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Yesillik
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sastry V Gollapudi
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA,
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B Cells as an Immune-Regulatory Signature in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070894. [PMID: 31248034 PMCID: PMC6678944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the immune system plays a dynamic role in the progression of ovarian cancer, the deadliest gynecological malignancy worldwide. Accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been associated with increased survival in ovarian cancer patients, and diverse interactions among immune cells in the tumor microenvironment determine tumor progression. While the regulatory functions of T cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are well defined and also involve therapeutic interventions, the role of B cells in ovarian cancer progression is still limited to their impact on survival. Recent studies have identified both pro- and anti-tumor responses of B cells in solid tumors, as different subsets of B cells play diverse roles in progression. Thus, in-depth characterization of B cell subtypes in each disease stage is crucial for understanding the importance and therapeutic potential of these cells in ovarian cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about B cells in ovarian cancer and discuss emerging therapeutic interventions that could harness B cells to combat this deadly disease.
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Albonici L, Giganti MG, Modesti A, Manzari V, Bei R. Multifaceted Role of the Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) in the Antitumor Immune Response and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122970. [PMID: 31216652 PMCID: PMC6627047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharing of molecules function that affects both tumor growth and neoangiogenesis with cells of the immune system creates a mutual interplay that impairs the host’s immune response against tumor progression. Increasing evidence shows that tumors are able to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by recruiting specific immune cells. Moreover, molecules produced by tumor and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive milieu able to inhibit the development of an efficient immune response against cancer cells and thus fostering tumor growth and progression. In addition, the immunoediting could select cancer cells that are less immunogenic or more resistant to lysis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the immunomodulatory effects and cancer progression of the angiogenic growth factor namely placental growth factor (PlGF) and address the biological complex effects of this cytokine. Different pathways of the innate and adaptive immune response in which, directly or indirectly, PlGF is involved in promoting tumor immune escape and metastasis will be described. PlGF is important for building up vascular structures and functions. Although PlGF effects on vascular and tumor growth have been widely summarized, its functions in modulating the immune intra-tumoral microenvironment have been less highlighted. In agreement with PlGF functions, different antitumor strategies can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Albonici
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Giganti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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130
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Role of Regulatory B Cells in the Progression of Cervical Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6519427. [PMID: 31316301 PMCID: PMC6604409 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6519427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate the role of regulatory B (Breg) cells in cervical cancer. In total, 70 cases of cervical cancer, 52 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 40 normal controls were enrolled. The percentage of Breg cells was detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The correlation between Breg cells and the clinical characterizations of cervical cancer was analyzed. The inhibition effect of Breg cells on CD8+ T cells was tested by blocking IL-10 in vitro. The percentage of CD19+CD5+CD1d+ Breg cells and the level of IL-10 of patients with cervical cancer or CIN were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). And the postoperative levels of Breg cells and IL-10 were significantly lower than the preoperative levels (P < 0.05). Breg cells and the IL-10 level were positively correlated in cervical cancer patients (r = 0.516). In addition, the Breg cell percentage was closely related to the FIGO stages, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, HPV infection, and the tumor metastasis of cervical cancer (P < 0.05). The Breg cell percentage was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells of cervical cancer patients (r = -0.669). The level of IL-10 in the culture supernatant of Bregs treated with CpG was significantly higher than that of non-Bregs (P < 0.05). After coculture with Bregs, the quantity of CD8+ T cells to secrete perforin and Granzyme B was significantly decreased, and this effect was reversed after blocking IL-10 by a specific antibody. Breg cells are elevated in cervical cancer and associated with disease progression and metastasis. Moreover, they can inhibit the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells.
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131
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Moore DK, Loxton AG. Regulatory B lymphocytes: development and modulation of the host immune response during disease. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:691-704. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of B lymphocytes (B cells) in immunogenic responses has become increasingly important over the past decade, focusing on a new B-cell subtype: regulatory B-cells (Bregs). These Bregs have been shown to possess potent immunosuppressive activities and have identified as key players in disease control and immune tolerance. In this review, the occurrence of Breg type in various conditions, along with evidence supporting discovered functions and proposed purposes will be explored. An example of such regulatory functions includes the induction or suppression of various T lymphocyte phenotypes in response to a particular stimulus. Should Bregs prove effective in mediating immune responses, and correlate with favorable disease outcome, they may serve as a novel therapeutic to combat disease and prevent infection. However, the induction, function and stability of these cells remain unclear and further investigation is needed to better understand their role and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle K Moore
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology & Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000
| | - Andre G Loxton
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology & Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, 8000
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132
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Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Correlates with Decreased M2 Macrophage Infiltration and Favorable Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6832867. [PMID: 31240220 PMCID: PMC6556258 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6832867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of chemokine receptor CXCR3 with M2 macrophage infiltration, various clinicopathological features, and prognosis in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer (GC). Methods Expression of CXCR3 protein and M2 macrophage was evaluated in 156 GC patients and corresponding paracancerous tissues by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Results In our study, 59 (37.82%) showed high expression of CXCR3 protein in 156 GC tissues. Expression of CXCR3 protein was significantly increased in tumor tissues compared with corresponding paracancerous tissues (P < 0.001). Overexpression of CXCR3 protein correlated with decreased M2 macrophage infiltration (P = 0.001). By analyzing the association between expression of CXCR3 protein and clinicopathological factors of GC patients, we found that high level of CXCR3 protein was significantly correlated with better differentiation (P =0.017), I/II TNM stage (P = 0.02), and smaller invasion depth (P = 0.003). Moreover, we found through Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test that GC patients with high expression of CXCR3 protein and low M2 macrophage infiltration had better overall survival (OS) and low mortality rate (P < 0.001 and P = 0.024, respectively). The multivariate survival analysis showed that high expression of CXCR3 protein could serve as a favorable independent biomarker for prognosis in GC patients [hazard ratio (HR): 0.342 (0.204-0.571); P < 0.001]. Conclusion Our study indicates that overexpression of CXCR3 protein in GC is associated with decreased M2 macrophage infiltration and improved OS and thus can be further exploited as a biomarker in GC.
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Largeot A, Pagano G, Gonder S, Moussay E, Paggetti J. The B-side of Cancer Immunity: The Underrated Tune. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050449. [PMID: 31086070 PMCID: PMC6562515 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are known to be critical in controlling tumor progression. While the role of T lymphocytes has been extensively studied, the function of B cells in this context is still ill-defined. In this review, we propose to explore the role of B cells in tumor immunity. First of all we define their dual role in promoting and inhibiting cancer progression depending on their phenotype. To continue, we describe the influence of different tumor microenvironment factors such as hypoxia on B cells functions and differentiation. Finally, the role of B cells in response to therapy and as potential target is examined. In accordance with the importance of B cells in immuno-oncology, we conclude that more studies are required to throw light on the precise role of B cells in the tumor microenvironment in order to have a better understanding of their functions, and to design new strategies that efficiently target these cells by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Largeot
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxenbourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Giulia Pagano
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxenbourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Susanne Gonder
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxenbourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxenbourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Paggetti
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxenbourg, Luxembourg.
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134
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Antoni MH, Dhabhar FS. The impact of psychosocial stress and stress management on immune responses in patients with cancer. Cancer 2019; 125:1417-1431. [PMID: 30768779 PMCID: PMC6467795 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The range of psychosocial stress factors/processes (eg, chronic stress, distress states, coping, social adversity) were reviewed as they relate to immune variables in cancer along with studies of psychosocial interventions on these stress processes and immune measures in cancer populations. The review includes molecular, cellular, and clinical research specifically examining the effects of stress processes and stress-management interventions on immune variables (eg, cellular immune function, inflammation), which may or may not be changing directly in response to the cancer or its treatment. Basic psychoneuroimmunologic research on stress processes (using animal or cellular/tumor models) provides leads for investigating biobehavioral processes that may underlie the associations reported to date. The development of theoretically driven and empirically supported stress-management interventions may provide important adjuncts to clinical cancer care going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Antoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Firdaus S. Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine
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135
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Zhang XC, Wang J, Shao GG, Wang Q, Qu X, Wang B, Moy C, Fan Y, Albertyn Z, Huang X, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Platero S, Lorenzi MV, Zudaire E, Yang J, Cheng Y, Xu L, Wu YL. Comprehensive genomic and immunological characterization of Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1772. [PMID: 30992440 PMCID: PMC6467893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep understanding of the genomic and immunological differences between Chinese and Western lung cancer patients is of great importance for target therapy selection and development for Chinese patients. Here we report an extensive molecular and immune profiling study of 245 Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte estimated using immune cell signatures is found to be significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (ADC, 72.5%) compared with squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC, 54.4%). The correlation of genomic alterations with immune signatures reveals that low immune infiltration was associated with EGFR mutations in ADC samples, PI3K and/or WNT pathway activation in SQCC. While KRAS mutations are found to be significantly associated with T cell infiltration in ADC samples. The SQCC patients with high antigen presentation machinery and cytotoxic T cell signature scores are found to have a prolonged overall survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Guo-Guang Shao
- Thoracic Surgery, 1st Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotao Qu
- Janssen R&D China, 355 Hong Qiao Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Janssen R&D China, 355 Hong Qiao Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher Moy
- Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19002, USA
| | - Yue Fan
- Janssen R&D China, 355 Hong Qiao Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Zayed Albertyn
- Novocraft Technologies, 46300, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xiayu Huang
- Janssen R&D China, 355 Hong Qiao Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Janssen R&D China, 355 Hong Qiao Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Janssen R&D China, 355 Hong Qiao Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Suso Platero
- Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19002, USA
| | - Matthew V Lorenzi
- Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19002, USA
| | - Enrique Zudaire
- Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19002, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Janssen R&D China, 355 Hong Qiao Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
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136
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Daniel SK, Sullivan KM, Labadie KP, Pillarisetty VG. Hypoxia as a barrier to immunotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:10. [PMID: 30931508 PMCID: PMC6441665 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal disease with limited response to cytotoxic chemoradiotherapy, as well as newer immunotherapies. The PDA tumor microenvironment contains infiltrating immune cells including cytotoxic T cells; however, there is an overall immunosuppressive milieu. Hypoxia is a known element of the solid tumor microenvironment and may promote tumor survival. Through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, those mediated by HIF-1α, hypoxia also leads to increased tumor proliferation and metabolic changes. Furthermore, epithelial to mesenchymal transition is promoted through several pathways, including NOTCH and c-MET, regulated by hypoxia. Hypoxia-promoted changes also contribute to the immunosuppressive phenotype seen in many different cell types within the microenvironment and thereby may inhibit an effective immune system response to PDA. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and myofibroblasts appear to contribute to the recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and B cells in PDA via cytokines increased due to hypoxia. PSCs also increase collagen secretion in response to HIF-1α, which promotes a fibrotic stroma that alters T cell homing and migration. In hypoxic environments, B cells contribute to cytotoxic T cell exhaustion and produce chemokines to attract more immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. MDSCs inhibit T cell metabolism by hoarding key amino acids, modulate T cell homing by cleaving L-selectin, and prevent T cell activation by increasing PD-L1 expression. Immunosuppressive M2 phenotype macrophages promote T cell anergy via increased nitric oxide (NO) and decreased arginine in hypoxia. Increased numbers of regulatory T cells are seen in hypoxia which prevent effector T cell activation through cytokine production and increased CTLA-4. Effective immunotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other solid tumors will need to help counteract the immunosuppressive nature of hypoxia-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment. Promising studies will look at combination therapies involving checkpoint inhibitors, chemokine inhibitors, and possible targeting of hypoxia. While no model is perfect, assuring that models incorporate the effects of hypoxia on cancer cells, stromal cells, and effector immune cells will be crucial in developing successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - K M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - K P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Mendieta I, Nuñez-Anita RE, Nava-Villalba M, Zambrano-Estrada X, Delgado-González E, Anguiano B, Aceves C. Molecular iodine exerts antineoplastic effects by diminishing proliferation and invasive potential and activating the immune response in mammary cancer xenografts. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:261. [PMID: 30902074 PMCID: PMC6431076 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system is a crucial component in cancer progression or regression. Molecular iodine (I2) exerts significant antineoplastic effects, acting as a differentiation inductor and immune modulator, but its effects in antitumor immune response are not elucidated. Methods The present work analyzed the effect of I2 in human breast cancer cell lines with low (MCF-7) and high (MDA-MB231) metastatic potential under both in vitro (cell proliferation and invasion assay) and in vivo (xenografts of athymic nude mice) conditions. Results In vitro analysis showed that the 200 μM I2 supplement decreases the proliferation rate in both cell lines and diminishes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) profile and the invasive capacity in MDA-MB231. In immunosuppressed mice, the I2 supplement impairs implantation (incidence), tumoral growth, and proliferation of both types of cells. Xenografts of the animals treated with I2 decrease the expression of invasion markers like CD44, vimentin, urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor; and increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Moreover, in mice with xenografts, the I2 supplement increases the circulating level of leukocytes and the number of intratumoral infiltrating lymphocytes, some of them activated as CD8+, suggesting the activation of antitumor immune responses. Conclusions I2 decreases the invasive potential of a triple negative basal cancer cell line, and under in vivo conditions the oral supplement of this halogen activates the antitumor immune response, preventing progression of xenografts from laminal and basal mammary cancer cells. These effects allow us to propose iodine supplementation as a possible adjuvant in breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5437-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irasema Mendieta
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Brenda Anguiano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carmen Aceves
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Mehdipour F, Razmkhah M, Faghih Z, Bagheri M, Talei AR, Ghaderi A. The significance of cytokine-producing B cells in breast tumor-draining lymph nodes. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:381-395. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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139
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Oxaliplatin Treatment Alters Systemic Immune Responses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4650695. [PMID: 30906773 PMCID: PMC6398049 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4650695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent demonstrating significant antitumor efficacy. Unlike conventional anticancer agents which are immunosuppressive, oxaliplatin has the capacity to stimulate immunological effects in response to the presentation of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) elicited upon cell death. However, the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on systemic immune responses remain largely unknown. Aims of this study were to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on the proportions of (1) splenic T cells, B cells, macrophages, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, gene expression of splenic cytokines, chemokines, and mediators; (2) double-positive and single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T thymocytes; (3) bone-marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Methods Male BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of oxaliplatin (3mg/kg/d) or sterile water tri-weekly for 2 weeks. Leukocyte populations within the spleen, thymus, and bone-marrow were assessed using flow cytometry. RT-PCR was performed to characterise changes in splenic inflammation-associated genes. Results Oxaliplatin treatment reduced spleen size and cellularity (CD45+ cells), increased the proportion of CD4+, CD8+, and Treg cells, and elevated TNF-α expression. Oxaliplatin was selectively cytotoxic to B cells but had no effect on splenic macrophages. Oxaliplatin treatment altered the gene expression of several cytokines, chemokines, and cell mediators. Oxaliplatin did not deplete double-positive thymocytes but increased the single-positive CD8+ subset. There was also an increase in activated (CD69+) CD8+ T cells. Bone-marrow hematopoietic progenitor pool was demonstrably normal following oxaliplatin treatment when compared to the vehicle-treated cohort. Conclusion Oxaliplatin does not cause systemic immunosuppression and, instead, has the capacity to induce beneficial antitumor immune responses.
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140
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Chen HY, Xie HY, Liu XX, Li LF, Bai YR, Gao JX. Splenic irradiation combined with tumor irradiation promotes T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and helps in tumor control. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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141
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BTK signaling drives CD1d hiCD5 + regulatory B-cell differentiation to promote pancreatic carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:3316-3324. [PMID: 30635655 PMCID: PMC6486434 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is comprised of a heterogeneous population of cells that are critical for disease evolution. Prominent among these are the specialized CD1dhiCD5+ regulatory B (Breg) cells that exert a pro-tumorigenic role by promoting tumor cell proliferation. Dissecting the molecular pathways regulating this immune sub-population can thus be valuable for uncovering potential therapeutic targets. Here, we investigate Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), a key B cell kinase, as a potential regulator of CD1dhiCD5+ Breg differentiation in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Treatment of cytokine-induced B cells in vitro with the high specificity BTK inhibitor Tirabrutinib inhibited CD1dhiCD5+ Breg differentiation and production of IL-10 and IL-35, essential mediators of Breg immunosuppressive functions. The BTK signaling pathway was also found to be active in vivo in PanIN-associated regulatory B cells. Tirabrutinib treatment of mice bearing orthotopic KrasG12D-pancreatic lesions severely compromised stromal accumulation of the CD1dhiCD5+ Breg population. This was accompanied by an increase in stromal CD8+IFNγ+ cytotoxic T cells and significant attenuation of tumor cell proliferation and PanIN growth. Our results uncover a novel role for BTK in regulating CD1dhiCD5+ Breg differentiation and emphasize its potential as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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142
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Older Human B Cells and Antibodies. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
B cells have a number of different roles in the immune response. Their excellent antigen presentation potential can contribute to the activation of other cells of the immune system, and evidence is emerging that specialized subsets of these cells, that may be increased with age, can influence the cell-mediated immune system in antitumor responses. They can also regulate immune responses, to avoid autoreactivity and excessive inflammation. Deficiencies in regulatory B cells may be beneficial in cancer but will only exacerbate the inflammatory environment that is a hallmark of aging. The B cell role as antibody producers is particularly important, since antibodies perform numerous different functions in different environments. Although studying tissue responses in humans is not as easy as in mice, we do know that certain classes of antibodies are more suited to protecting the mucosal tissues (IgA) or responding to T-independent bacterial polysaccharide antigens (IgG2) so we can make some inference with respect to tissue-specific immunity from a study of peripheral blood. We can also make inferences about changes in B cell development with age by looking at the repertoire of different B cell populations to see how age affects the selection events that would normally occur to avoid autoreactivity, or increase specificity, to antigen.
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143
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Ma Q, Long W, Xing C, Chu J, Luo M, Wang HY, Liu Q, Wang RF. Cancer Stem Cells and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2924. [PMID: 30619286 PMCID: PMC6308128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system and is characterized by extensive infiltrative growth, neovascularization, and resistance to various combined therapies. In addition to heterogenous populations of tumor cells, the glioma stem cells (GSCs) and other nontumor cells present in the glioma microenvironment serve as critical regulators of tumor progression and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the role of several resident or peripheral factors with distinct tumor-promoting features and their dynamic interactions in the development of glioma. Localized antitumor factors could be silenced or even converted to suppressive phenotypes, due to stemness-related cell reprogramming and immunosuppressive mediators in glioma-derived microenvironment. Furthermore, we summarize the latest knowledge on GSCs and key microenvironment components, and discuss the emerging immunotherapeutic strategies to cure this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Junjun Chu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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144
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Seo JS, Kim A, Shin JY, Kim YT. Comprehensive analysis of the tumor immune micro-environment in non-small cell lung cancer for efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14576. [PMID: 30275546 PMCID: PMC6167371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the molecular immune subtype and micro-environment of lung cancer is necessary to understand immunogenic interactions between infiltrating immune and stromal cells, and how tumor cells overcome immune checkpoint blockades. This study seeks to identify computational methodologies for subtyping gene expression-based tumor-immune micro-environment interactions, which differentiate non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) into immune-defective and immune-competent subtypes. Here, 101 lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSCs) and 87 lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) tumor samples have been analyzed. Several micro-environmental factors differentially induce LUAD or LUSC immune subtypes, as well as immune checkpoint expression. In particular, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key immune cells play a vital role in inflammation and cancer micro-environments of LUSCs; whereas, regulatory B cells are immunosuppressive and tumorigenic in LUADs. Additionally, cytolytic activity upon CD8+ T cell activation is decreased by the abundance of B cells and macrophages in immune-competent subtypes. Therefore, identifying immune subtypes in lung cancer and their impact on tumor micro-environment will lead to clinical tools for assessing LUADs and LUSCs in patients, as well as maximize the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sun Seo
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, 13605, Korea. .,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, 08511, Korea.
| | - Ahreum Kim
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, 13605, Korea.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Shin
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, 08511, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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145
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D'Agostino G, Cecchinato V, Uguccioni M. Chemokine Heterocomplexes and Cancer: A Novel Chapter to Be Written in Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2185. [PMID: 30319638 PMCID: PMC6167476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrating immune cells are a key component of the tumor microenvironment and play central roles in dictating tumor fate, either promoting anti-tumor immune responses, or sustaining tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. A distinctive microenvironment is often associated to different tumor types, with substantial differences in prognosis. The production of a variety of chemotactic factors by cancer and stromal cells orchestrates cell recruitment, local immune responses or cancer progression. In the last decades, different studies have highlighted how chemotactic cues, and in particular chemokines, can act as natural antagonists or induce synergistic effects on selective receptors by forming heterocomplexes, thus shaping migratory responses of immune cells. A variety of chemokines has been described to be able to form heterocomplexes both in vitro and in vivo under inflammatory conditions, but nowadays little is known on the presence and relevance of heterocomplexes in the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, the alarmin HMGB1, which can be massively released within the tumor microenvironment, has also been described to form a complex with the chemokine CXCL12 enhancing CXCR4-mediated signaling, thus providing an additional regulation of the activity of the chemokine system. In the present review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the synergy occurring between chemokines or inflammatory molecules, and describe the multiple functions exerted by the chemokines expressed in the tumor microenvironment, pointing our attention to the synergism as a possible modulator of tumor suppression or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cecchinato
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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146
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Gupta R, Yan XJ, Barrientos J, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai K, Chiorazzi N, Mongini PKA. Mechanistic Insights into CpG DNA and IL-15 Synergy in Promoting B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Clonal Expansion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:1570-1585. [PMID: 30068596 PMCID: PMC6103916 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Malignant cell growth within patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is largely restricted to lymphoid tissues, particularly lymph nodes. The recent in vitro finding that TLR-9 ligand (oligodeoxynucleotide [ODN]) and IL-15 exhibit strong synergy in promoting B-CLL growth may be particularly relevant to growth in these sites. This study shows IL-15-producing cells are prevalent within B-CLL-infiltrated lymph nodes and, using purified B-CLL cells from blood, investigates the mechanism for ODN and IL-15 synergy in driving B-CLL growth. ODN boosts baseline levels of phospho-RelA(S529) in B-CLL and promotes NF-κB-driven increases in IL15RA and IL2RB mRNA, followed by elevated IL-15Rα and IL-2/IL-15Rβ (CD122) protein. IL-15→CD122 signaling during a critical interval, 20 to 36-48 h following initial ODN exposure, is required for optimal induction of the cycling process. Furthermore, experiments with neutralizing anti-IL-15 and anti-CD122 mAbs indicate that clonal expansion requires continued IL-15/CD122 signaling during cycling. The latter is consistent with evidence of heightened IL2RB mRNA in the fraction of recently proliferated B-CLL cells within patient peripheral blood. Compromised ODN+IL-15 growth with limited cell density is consistent with a role for upregulated IL-15Rα in facilitating homotypic trans IL-15 signaling, although there may be other explanations. Together, the findings show that ODN and IL-15 elicit temporally distinct signals that function in a coordinated manner to drive B-CLL clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gupta
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Xiao J Yan
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Jacqueline Barrientos
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11303
| | - Jonathan E Kolitz
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11303
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549; and
| | - Steven L Allen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11303
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549; and
| | - Kanti Rai
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11303
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549; and
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549; and
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Patricia K A Mongini
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030;
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147
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Shao JB, Luo XQ, Wu YJ, Li MG, Hong JY, Mo LH, Liu ZG, Li HB, Liu DB, Yang PC. Histone deacetylase 11 inhibits interleukin 10 in B cells of subjects with allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:1274-1283. [PMID: 30007011 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin (IL)-10 expression in B cells plays an important role in immune tolerance. The regulation of IL-10 expression in B cells is not fully understood yet. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is increased in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. This study tests a hypothesis that TNF enhances histone deacetylase (HDAC)11 expression to inhibit the expression of IL-10 in B cells of AR patients. METHODS Peripheral B cells were collected from healthy persons and patients with AR. The B cells were analyzed by immune assay and molecular biological approaches for the expression of IL-10. RESULTS The expression of HDAC11 was higher in B cells of patients with AR than that in healthy persons. The expression of IL-10 in B cells was lower in AR patients than that in healthy subjects. The levels of HDAC11 in B cells were negatively correlated with the levels of IL-10. Exposure of B cells to TNF in the culture inhibited the expression of IL-10, in which HDAC11 played a critical role in the interference with the Il10 gene transcription. Inhibition of HDAC11 restored the IL-10 expression in B cells from AR patients and attenuated the experimental AR. CONCLUSION TNF can suppress the expression of IL-10 in B cells via enhancing the expression of HDAC11. Inhibition of HDAC11 restores the IL-10 expression in B cells of AR subjects. HDAC11 may be a novel target for the treatment of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Shao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Southern Medical University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Luo
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Southern Medical University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Jin Wu
- ENT Institute and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Rhinology, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mao-Gang Li
- ENT Institute and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Yi Hong
- ENT Institute and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hua Mo
- ENT Institute and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Rhinology, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- ENT Institute and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Bo Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Southern Medical University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- ENT Institute and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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148
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Sparger EE, Murphy BG, Kamal FM, Arzi B, Naydan D, Skouritakis CT, Cox DP, Skorupski K. Investigation of immune cell markers in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:52-62. [PMID: 30078599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral cancer in the cat and presents as a locally aggressive lesion for which an effective therapeutic protocol remains elusive. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shares many clinical characteristics with human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Accordingly, present studies were conducted to determine similarities for immune markers shared by feline OSCC and human HNSCC. Biopsies harvested from a feline patient cohort-1 (n = 12) were analyzed for lymphoid cell infiltrates by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results revealed unique patterns of T cell infiltration involving both neoplastic epithelium and stroma that were detected in most patient tumor biopsies (92%) examined by IHC staining for CD3. Intratumoral B cell infiltrates were detected within tumor stroma only, based on IHC staining for CD79a and CD20 for all patients within the same cohort-1. Infiltration of tumors by a regulatory CD4 T cell subset (Tregs) defined by expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxP3, was also detected in biopsies from 57% of patients and involved infiltration of neoplastic epithelium and stroma. Patient biopsies were also examined for expression of immunomodulator cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and revealed positive but weak staining of neoplastic epithelium in a significant proportion of cases (75%). Interestingly, COX-2 expression was detected in both neoplastic epithelium and stroma. Blood collected from a second cohort of feline OSCC patients (n = 9) revealed an increased frequency of circulating CD4+FoxP3+ T cells when compared to healthy adult controls (n = 7) (P = 0.045), although frequencies of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells were comparable between patients and healthy pet cat controls. Lastly, biopsies from feline OSCC patients were characterized for histologic subtype using a classification scheme previously described for human HNSCC. This analysis revealed the conventional subtype as the predominant variant (75%) with conventional subtypes split evenly between well differentiated and moderately differentiated carcinomas. Two cases were classified as papillary and one case as basaloid subtypes. Correlations between subtype, immune marker scores or circulating Treg frequencies and clinical characteristics or outcome were not detected, most likely due to small patient numbers within patient cohorts. However, findings from these studies provide a preliminary step in the characterization of immune and histologic markers that will be critical to defining prognostic immune markers for feline OSCC and potential targets for testing of immunotherapeutics also relevant to human HNSCC in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Brian G Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Farina Mustaffa Kamal
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Diane Naydan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chrisoula T Skouritakis
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Darren P Cox
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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149
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Winkler JK, Schiller M, Bender C, Enk AH, Hassel JC. Rituximab as a therapeutic option for patients with advanced melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:917-924. [PMID: 29516155 PMCID: PMC11028340 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic melanoma remains challenging, despite a variety of new and promising immunotherapeutic and targeted approaches to therapy. New treatment options are still needed to improve long-term tumour control. We present a case series of seven patients with metastatic melanoma who were treated individually with the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab between July 2014 and July 2015. Two of the patients were treated in an adjuvant setting. All patients had already received a variety of treatments. During an induction phase, the administration of four cycles of weekly rituximab 375 mg/m2 body surface area was planned. After imaging, patients with stable disease continued therapy with rituximab 375 mg/m2 body surface area every 4 weeks up to a maximum of 24 weeks. Two patients experienced grade 2 infusion reactions during the first infusion. Otherwise, treatment was well tolerated and there were no grade 3 or 4 side effects. Staging after the induction phase showed stable disease in five patients, and two patients had progressive disease. Median progression-free survival was 6.3 months (95% CI 4.97-7.53), median overall survival was 14.7 months (95% CI 4.52-24.94), and one patient was still alive in December 2016. In conclusion, rituximab might be a therapeutic option for metastatic melanoma. However, further studies on rituximab among larger patient cohorts are warranted. Evaluation of therapy in an adjuvant setting or in combination with other systemic treatment might, therefore, be of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Winkler
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schiller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carolin Bender
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Enk
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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150
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Yeong J, Lim JCT, Lee B, Li H, Chia N, Ong CCH, Lye WK, Putti TC, Dent R, Lim E, Thike AA, Tan PH, Iqbal J. High Densities of Tumor-Associated Plasma Cells Predict Improved Prognosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1209. [PMID: 29899747 PMCID: PMC5988856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women, but the heterogeneity of the condition is a significant obstacle to effective treatment. Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) do not express HER2 or the receptors for estrogen or progesterone, and so often have a poor prognosis. Tumor-infiltrating T cells have been well-characterized in TNBC, and increased numbers are associated with better outcomes; however, the potential roles of B cells and plasma cells have been large. Here, we conducted a retrospective correlative study on the expression of B cell/plasma cell-related genes, and the abundance and localization of B cells and plasma cells within TNBCs, and clinical outcome. We analyzed 269 TNBC samples and used immunohistochemistry to quantify tumor-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells, coupled with NanoString measurement of expression of immunoglobulin metagenes. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients bearing TNBCs with above-median densities of CD38+ plasma cells had significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.26–0.77; p = 0.004) but not overall survival (OS), after adjusting for the effects of known prognostic factors. In contrast, TNBCs with higher immunoglobulin gene expression exhibited improved prognosis (OS p = 0.029 and DFS p = 0.005). The presence of B cells and plasma cells was positively correlated (p < 0.0001, R = 0.558), while immunoglobulin gene IGKC, IGHM, and IGHG1 mRNA expression correlated specifically with the density of CD38+ plasma cells (IGKC p < 0.0001, R = 0.647; IGHM p < 0.0001, R = 0.580; IGHG1 p < 0.0001, R = 0.655). Interestingly, after adjusting the multivariate analysis for the effect of intratumoral CD38+ plasma cell density, the expression levels of all three genes lost significant prognostic value, suggesting a biologically important role of plasma cells. Last but not least, the addition of intratumoral CD38+ plasma cell density to clinicopathological features significantly increased the prognostic value for both DFS (ΔLRχ2 = 17.28, p = 1.71E−08) and OS (ΔLRχ2 = 10.03, p = 6.32E−08), compared to clinicopathological features alone. The best combination was achieved by integrating intratumoral CD38+ plasma cell density and IGHG1 which conferred the best added prognostic value for DFS (ΔLRχ2 = 27.38, p = 5.22E−10) and OS (ΔLRχ2 = 21.29, p = 1.03E−08). Our results demonstrate that the role of plasma cells in TNBC warrants further study to elucidate the relationship between their infiltration of tumors and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Yeong
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huihua Li
- Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noel Chia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Weng Kit Lye
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Choudary Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Elaine Lim
- National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jabed Iqbal
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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