101
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Profiling the Essential Nature of Lipid Metabolism in Asexual Blood and Gametocyte Stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 18:371-81. [PMID: 26355219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During its life cycle, Plasmodium falciparum undergoes rapid proliferation fueled by de novo synthesis and acquisition of host cell lipids. Consistent with this essential role, Plasmodium lipid synthesis enzymes are emerging as potential drug targets. To explore their broader potential for therapeutic interventions, we assayed the global lipid landscape during P. falciparum sexual and asexual blood stage (ABS) development. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed 304 lipids constituting 24 classes in ABS parasites, infected red blood cell (RBC)-derived microvesicles, gametocytes, and uninfected RBCs. Ten lipid classes were previously uncharacterized in P. falciparum, and 70%-75% of the lipid classes exhibited changes in abundance during ABS and gametocyte development. Utilizing compounds that target lipid metabolism, we affirmed the essentiality of major classes, including triacylglycerols. These studies highlight the interplay between host and parasite lipid metabolism and provide a comprehensive analysis of P. falciparum lipids with candidate pathways for drug discovery efforts.
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102
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu J, Han J, Xiong S, Yong W, Zhao Z. Combination of ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry for qualitative, semi-quantitative and in situ analysis of gangliosides in brain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25289. [PMID: 27142336 PMCID: PMC4855142 DOI: 10.1038/srep25289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a family of complex lipids that are abundant in the brain. There is no doubt the investigations about the distribution of gangliosides in brian and the relationship between gangliosides and Alzheimer’s disease is profound. However, these investigations are full of challenges due to the structural complexity of gangliosides. In this work, the method for efficient extraction and enrichment of gangliosides from brain was established. Moreover, the distribution of gangliosides in brain was obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). It was found that 3-aminoquinoline (3-AQ) as matrix was well-suited for MALDI MS analysis of gangliosides in negative ion mode. In addition, the pretreatment by ethanol (EtOH) cleaning brain section and the addition of ammonium formate greatly improved the MS signal of gangliosides in the brain section when MALDI MSI analysis was employed. The distribution of ganliosides in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum was respectively acquired by electrospray ionization (ESI) MS and MALDI MSI, and the data were compared for reliability evaluation of MALDI MSI. Further, applying MALDI MSI technology, the distribution of gangliosides in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mouse brain was obtained, which may provide a new insight for bioresearch of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian'an Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxiang Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Yong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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103
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Gizaw ST, Ohashi T, Tanaka M, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1716-27. [PMID: 26968461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. In addition, the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 appeared to alter in the AD patient brain and serum samples when compared with the normal control groups. CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon T Gizaw
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ohashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, N21 W12, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, N21 W12, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, N21 W12, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd, N21 W12, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
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104
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Falker C, Hartmann A, Guett I, Dohler F, Altmeppen H, Betzel C, Schubert R, Thurm D, Wegwitz F, Joshi P, Verderio C, Krasemann S, Glatzel M. Exosomal cellular prion protein drives fibrillization of amyloid beta and counteracts amyloid beta-mediated neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2016; 137:88-100. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Falker
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Inga Guett
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Frank Dohler
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Hermann Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Christian Betzel
- Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging; Hamburg Germany
| | - Robin Schubert
- Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging; Hamburg Germany
| | - Dana Thurm
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of Translational Cancer Research; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Claudia Verderio
- IRCCS Humanitas; Rozzano Italy
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience; Milano Italy
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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105
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Mizuno S, Ogishima S, Kitatani K, Kikuchi M, Tanaka H, Yaegashi N, Nakaya J. Network Analysis of a Comprehensive Knowledge Repository Reveals a Dual Role for Ceramide in Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148431. [PMID: 26849355 PMCID: PMC4752297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia. Many inflammatory factors such as amyloid-β and pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to contribute to the inflammatory response in the AD brain. Sphingolipids are widely known to have roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, where the precise roles for sphingolipids in inflammation-associated pathogenesis of AD are not well understood. Here we performed a network analysis to clarify the importance of sphingolipids and to model relationships among inflammatory factors and sphingolipids in AD. In this study, we have updated sphingolipid signaling and metabolic cascades in a map of AD signaling networks that we named “AlzPathway,” a comprehensive knowledge repository of signaling pathways in AD. Our network analysis of the updated AlzPathway indicates that the pathways related to ceramide are one of the primary pathways and that ceramide is one of the important players in the pathogenesis of AD. The results of our analysis suggest the following two prospects about inflammation in AD: (1) ceramide could play important roles in both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways of AD, and (2) several factors such as Sphingomyelinase and Siglec-11 may be associated with ceramide related inflammation and anti-inflammation pathways in AD. In this study, network analysis of comprehensive knowledge repository reveals a dual role for ceramide in AD. This result provides a clue to clarify sphingolipids related inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Record Informatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail: (SM); (SO)
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Department of Clinical Record Informatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail: (SM); (SO)
| | - Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Record Informatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jun Nakaya
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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106
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Wang X, Long H, Shen D, Liu L. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel sialidase from Brevibacterium casei. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:195-200. [PMID: 26748450 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The sialidase gene from Brevibacterium casei was cloned in pET28a and overexpressed as a histidine-tagged protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The histidine-tagged sialidase protein was purified and characterized from the crude cell extracts of isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside-induced cells using Ni-NTA agarose chromatography. SDS-PAGE using the purified sialidase indicated a single band at 116 kDa. This sialidase showed maximum activity at a pH of 5.5 and temperature of 37 °C. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax for the artificial substrate 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-α-d-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate were 1.69 × 10-3 mM and 244 mmol·Min-1 ·mg-1 , respectively. The sialidase may catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal sialic acids linked by the α-(2,3) and α-(2,8) linkage of polysialogangliosides, but it does not act on monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1), which offers it a great potential for commercially producing GM1 from polysialogangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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107
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Membrane-Induced Dichotomous Conformation of Amyloid β with the Disordered N-Terminal Segment Followed by the Stable C-Terminal β Structure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146405. [PMID: 26731546 PMCID: PMC4701388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various neurodegenerative disorders are ascribed to pathogenic molecular processes involving conformational transitions of amyloidogenic proteins into toxic aggregates characterized by their β structures. Accumulating evidence indicates that neuronal cell membranes provide platforms for such conformational transitions of pathogenic proteins as best exemplified by amyloid β (Aβ). Therefore, membrane-bound Aβ species can be promising targets for the development of novel drugs for Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has elucidated the membrane-induced conformation of Aβ, in which the disordered N-terminal segment is followed by the stable C-terminal β strand. The data provides an insight into the molecular processes of the conformational transition of Aβ coupled with its assembly into parallel β structures.
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108
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Seyer A, Boudah S, Broudin S, Junot C, Colsch B. Annotation of the human cerebrospinal fluid lipidome using high resolution mass spectrometry and a dedicated data processing workflow. Metabolomics 2016; 12:91. [PMID: 27110228 PMCID: PMC4824825 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to its proximity with the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be a medium of choice for the discovery of biomarkers of neurological and psychiatric diseases using untargeted analytical approaches. OBJECTIVES This study explored the CSF lipidome in order to generate a robust mass spectral database using an untargeted lipidomic approach. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid samples from 45 individuals were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry method (LC-HRMS). A dedicated data processing workflow was implemented using XCMS software and adapted filters to select reliable features. In addition, an automatic annotation using an in silico lipid database and several MS/MS experiments were performed to identify CSF lipid species. RESULTS Using this complete workflow, 771 analytically relevant monoisotopic lipid species corresponding to 550 unique lipids which represent five major lipid families (i.e., free fatty acids, sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sterol lipids) were detected and annotated. In addition, MS/MS experiments enabled to improve the annotation of 304 lipid species. Thanks to LC-HRMS, it was possible to discriminate between isobaric and also isomeric lipid species; and interestingly, our study showed that isobaric ions represent about 50 % of the total annotated lipid species in the human CSF. CONCLUSION This work provides an extensive LC/HRMS database of the human CSF lipidome which constitutes a relevant foundation for future studies aimed at finding biomarkers of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Boudah
- CEA-Saclay, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, Laboratoire d’étude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, MetaboHUB-Paris, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Christophe Junot
- CEA-Saclay, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, Laboratoire d’étude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, MetaboHUB-Paris, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Colsch
- CEA-Saclay, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, Laboratoire d’étude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, MetaboHUB-Paris, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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109
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Çakır T. Reporter pathway analysis from transcriptome data: Metabolite-centric versus Reaction-centric approach. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14563. [PMID: 26411587 PMCID: PMC4585941 DOI: 10.1038/srep14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A systems-based investigation of the effect of perturbations on metabolic machinery is crucial to elucidate the mechanism behind perturbations. One way to investigate the perturbation-induced changes within the cell metabolism is to focus on pathway-level effects. In this study, three different perturbation types (genetic, environmental and disease-based) are analyzed to compute a list of reporter pathways, metabolic pathways which are significantly affected from a perturbation. The most common omics data type, transcriptome, is used as an input to the bioinformatic analysis. The pathways are scored by two alternative approaches: by averaging the changes in the expression levels of the genes controlling the associated reactions (reaction-centric), and by averaging the changes in the associated metabolites which were scored based on the associated genes (metabolite-centric). The analysis reveals the superiority of the novel metabolite-centric approach over the commonly used reaction-centric approach since it is based on metabolites which better represent the cross-talk among different pathways, enabling a more global and realistic cataloguing of network-wide perturbation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunahan Çakır
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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110
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Groux-Degroote S, Guérardel Y, Julien S, Delannoy P. Gangliosides in breast cancer: New perspectives. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:808-19. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915070020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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111
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Noel A, Ingrand S, Barrier L. Inhibition of GSK3β by pharmacological modulation of sphingolipid metabolism occurs independently of ganglioside disturbance in a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:308-18. [PMID: 26115843 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates ganglioside and/or related-sphingolipid disturbance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not known whether these lipidic alterations are connected with other important features of AD, such as deregulated insulin/Akt/GSK3 signaling. In this study, we have treated neuroglioma cells expressing the double Swedish mutation of human amyloid precursor protein (H4APPsw) with several glycosphingolipid (GSL)-modulating agents, and we have analyzed the impact of the aberrant ganglioside composition on the GSK3 activation state. We found that both ceramide analogs D- and L-PDMP (1-phenyl 2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol), which have opposite effects on ganglioside synthesis, selectively inhibited GSK3β via Ser9 phosphorylation independently of the upstream insulin/Akt pathway. Conversely, the iminosugar N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which displayed similar reduction of gangliosides as D-PDMP, did not affect the phosphorylation state of GSK3β. Concurrently, while NB-DNJ did not modify the cellular ceramide content, both PDMP enantiomers strongly and equally reduced the levels of long-chain ceramide species. Altogether, our findings led us to hypothesize that the PDMP-induced altered ganglioside composition is not the principal mechanism involved in the inhibition of GSK3β, but seems to implicate, at least in part, their ability to reduce ceramide levels. Nevertheless, this study provides new information regarding the possibilities to target GSK3β through modulation of sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Noel
- Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; University of Poitiers, Groupe de Recherche sur le Vieillissement Cérébral, GRéViC EA 3808, Poitiers, France
| | - Sabrina Ingrand
- Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine & Pharmacie, Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie, 6 rue de la Milétrie, TSA 51115, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Laurence Barrier
- Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine & Pharmacie, Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie, 6 rue de la Milétrie, TSA 51115, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France.
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112
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Wang Y, Cui Y, Cao F, Qin Y, Li W, Zhang J. Ganglioside GD1a suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages by reducing MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways through TLR4. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:136-45. [PMID: 26054879 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, have been considered to be involved in the development, differentiation, and function of nervous systems in vertebrates. However, the mechanisms for anti-inflammation caused by gangliosides are not clear. In this paper, we investigated the anti-inflammation effects of ganglioside GD1a by using RAW264.7 macrophages. Our data demonstrated that treatment of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide significantly increased the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines. GD1a suppressed the induction of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression and secretory pro-inflammatory cytokines in culture medium, such as TNFα, IL-1α and IL-1β. In addition, LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activating protein kinases and IκBα degradation followed by translocation of the NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus were attenuated after GD1a treatment. Furthermore, GD1a probably inhibited LPS binding to macrophages and LPS-induced accumulation between TLR4 and MyD88. Taken together, the results demonstrated that ganglioside GD1a inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing phosphorylation of mitogen-activating protein kinases and activation of NF-κB through repressing the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Wang
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fayang Cao
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yiyang Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 117004 Benxi, PR China.
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113
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Yagi-Utsumi M, Kato K. Structural and dynamic views of GM1 ganglioside. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:105-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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114
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Yanagisawa K. GM1 ganglioside and Alzheimer’s disease. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:87-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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115
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Accumulation of GD1α Ganglioside in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells Expressing ST6GalNAc V. Molecules 2015; 20:6913-24. [PMID: 25913930 PMCID: PMC6272744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Series gangliosides define a particular sub-class of glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid α2,6-linked to GalNAc residue that was isolated as a minor compound from the brain. The sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc V was cloned from mouse brain and showed α2,6-sialyltransferase activity almost exclusively for GM1b, to form GD1α and is considered as the main enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of α-series gangliosides. Recently, ST6GALNAC5 was identified as one of the genes over-expressed in breast cancer cell populations selected for their ability to produce brain metastasis. However, the capacity of human breast cancer cells to produce α-series gangliosides has never been clearly demonstrated. Here, we show by stable transfection and MS-MS analysis of total glycosphingolipids that ST6GALNAC5 expressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells accumulate GD1α ganglioside (IV3Neu5Ac1, III6Neu5Ac1Gg4-Cer).
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116
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Rao SK, Ross JM, Harrison FE, Bernardo A, Reiserer RS, Reiserer RS, Mobley JA, McDonald MP. Differential proteomic and behavioral effects of long-term voluntary exercise in wild-type and APP-overexpressing transgenics. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 78:45-55. [PMID: 25818006 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise may provide protection against the cognitive decline and neuropathology associated with Alzheimer's disease, although the mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, APP/PSEN1 double-transgenic and wild-type mice were allowed unlimited voluntary exercise for 7months. Consistent with previous reports, wheel-running improved cognition in the double-transgenic mice. Interestingly, the average daily distance run was strongly correlated with spatial memory in the water maze in wild-type mice (r(2)=.959), but uncorrelated in transgenics (r(2)=.013). Proteomics analysis showed that sedentary transgenic mice differed significantly from sedentary wild-types with respect to proteins involved in synaptic transmission, cytoskeletal regulation, and neurogenesis. When given an opportunity to exercise, the transgenics' deficiencies in cytoskeletal regulation and neurogenesis largely normalized, but abnormal synaptic proteins did not change. In contrast, exercise enhanced proteins associated with cytoskeletal regulation, oxidative phosphorylation, and synaptic transmission in wild-type mice. Soluble and insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were significantly decreased in both cortex and hippocampus of active transgenics, suggesting that this may have played a role in the cognitive improvement in APP/PSEN1 mice. β-secretase was significantly reduced in active APP/PSEN1 mice compared to sedentary controls, suggesting a mechanism for reduced Aβ. Taken together, these data illustrate that exercise improves memory in wild-type and APP-overexpressing mice in fundamentally different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Kishan Rao
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jordan M Ross
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Alexandra Bernardo
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA; Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus University of Puerto Rico, Old San Juan, PR 00901, USA
| | - Randall S Reiserer
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Ronald S Reiserer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael P McDonald
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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117
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Oikawa N, Matsubara T, Fukuda R, Yasumori H, Hatsuta H, Murayama S, Sato T, Suzuki A, Yanagisawa K. Imbalance in fatty-acid-chain length of gangliosides triggers Alzheimer amyloid deposition in the precuneus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121356. [PMID: 25798597 PMCID: PMC4370507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid deposition, a crucial event of Alzheimer's disease (AD), emerges in distinct brain regions. A key question is what triggers the assembly of the monomeric amyloid ß-protein (Aß) into fibrils in the regions. On the basis of our previous findings that gangliosides facilitate the initiation of Aß assembly at presynaptic neuritic terminals, we investigated how lipids, including gangliosides, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, extracted from synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) isolated from autopsy brains were involved in the Aß assembly. We focused on two regions of the cerebral cortex; precuneus and calcarine cortex, one of the most vulnerable and one of the most resistant regions to amyloid deposition, respectively. Here, we show that lipids extracted from SPMs isolated from the amyloid-bearing precuneus, but neither the amyloid-free precuneus nor the calcarine cortex, markedly accelerate the Aß assembly in vitro. Through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the lipids, we identified an increase in the ratio of the level of GD1b-ganglioside containing C20:0 fatty acid to that containing C18:0 as a cause of the enhanced Aß assembly in the precuneus. Our results suggest that the local glycolipid environment play a critical role in the initiation of Alzheimer amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Oikawa
- Department of Drug Discovery, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryoto Fukuda
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hanaki Yasumori
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hatsuta
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Department of Drug Discovery, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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118
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GM1 Ganglioside: Past Studies and Future Potential. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1824-1842. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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119
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Horwacik I, Rokita H. Targeting of tumor-associated gangliosides with antibodies affects signaling pathways and leads to cell death including apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 20:679-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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120
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Colsch B, Seyer A, Boudah S, Junot C. Lipidomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid by mass spectrometry-based methods. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:53-64. [PMID: 25488626 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are natural substances found in all living organisms. Essential to the integrity of cell membranes, they also have many biological functions linked to energy storage and cell signaling, and are involved in a large number of heterogeneous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, and inherited metabolic diseases. Lipids are challenging to analyze because of their huge structural diversity and numerous species. Up to now, lipid analysis has been achieved by targeted approaches focusing on selected families and relying on extraction protocols and chromatographic methods coupled to various detectors including mass spectrometry. Thanks to the technological improvements achieved in the fields of chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioinformatics, it is possible to perform global lipidomic analyses enabling the concomitant detection, identification and relative quantification of many lipid species belonging to different families. The aim of this review is to focus on mass spectrometry-based methods to perform lipid and lipidomic analyses and on their application to the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Colsch
- CEA-Centre d'Etude de Saclay, Laboratoire d'étude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Gif-sur-Yvette, France,
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121
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Hatzifilippou E, Koutsouraki E, Costa VG, Baloyannis SJ. Antibodies against gangliosides in patients with dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:660-6. [PMID: 24838532 PMCID: PMC10852599 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514534953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that gangliosides act as important mediators in both de- and remyelination. The scope of the present research was to investigate the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies against GM1, GD1b, and GQ1b gangliosides in the sera of patients with dementia and the possible connection with clinical parameters of the disease. METHOD This research topic demonstrates the investigation of 103 patients with dementia and 60 healthy individuals using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of 3 antiganglioside antibodies in their sera. RESULTS The authors report a positive connection between IgM anti-GM1 and the age (P = .005) and the severity of dementia (P = .005). Most of the patients who revealed increased IgM anti-GD1b levels had Alzheimer's disease (AD; P = .002). CONCLUSION This study indicates that elevated IgM anti-GM1 may be connected with the neurodegeneration in older patients with severe dementia and that AD may also be associated with increased IgM anti-GD1b levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hatzifilippou
- First Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Koutsouraki
- First Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V G Costa
- First Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S J Baloyannis
- First Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece First Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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122
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Grey M, Dunning CJ, Gaspar R, Grey C, Brundin P, Sparr E, Linse S. Acceleration of α-synuclein aggregation by exosomes. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2969-82. [PMID: 25425650 PMCID: PMC4317028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.585703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles released from cells into extracellular space. We have isolated exosomes from neuroblastoma cells and investigated their influence on the aggregation of α-synuclein, a protein associated with Parkinson disease pathology. Using cryo-transmission electron microscopy of exosomes, we found spherical unilamellar vesicles with a significant protein content, and Western blot analysis revealed that they contain, as expected, the proteins Flotillin-1 and Alix. Using thioflavin T fluorescence to monitor aggregation kinetics, we found that exosomes catalyze the process in a similar manner as a low concentration of preformed α-synuclein fibrils. The exosomes reduce the lag time indicating that they provide catalytic environments for nucleation. The catalytic effects of exosomes derived from naive cells and cells that overexpress α-synuclein do not differ. Vesicles prepared from extracted exosome lipids accelerate aggregation, suggesting that the lipids in exosomes are sufficient for the catalytic effect to arise. Using mass spectrometry, we found several phospholipid classes in the exosomes, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and the gangliosides GM2 and GM3. Within each class, several species with different acyl chains were identified. We then prepared vesicles from corresponding pure lipids or defined mixtures, most of which were found to retard α-synuclein aggregation. As a striking exception, vesicles containing ganglioside lipids GM1 or GM3 accelerate the process. Understanding how α-synuclein interacts with biological membranes to promote neurological disease might lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Grey
- From the Departments of Physical Chemistry
| | - Christopher J Dunning
- the Neuronal Survival Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden and the Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, and
| | - Ricardo Gaspar
- From the Departments of Physical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, and
| | | | - Patrik Brundin
- the Neuronal Survival Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden and the Center for Neurodegenerative Science, The Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Emma Sparr
- From the Departments of Physical Chemistry,
| | - Sara Linse
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, and
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123
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Zhou X, Yang C, Liu Y, Li P, Yang H, Dai J, Qu R, Yuan L. Lipid rafts participate in aberrant degradative autophagic-lysosomal pathway of amyloid-beta peptide in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:92-100. [PMID: 25206748 PMCID: PMC4146310 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.125335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide is the main component of amyloid plaques, which are found in Alzheimer's disease. The generation and deposition of amyloid-beta is one of the crucial factors for the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Lipid rafts are glycolipid-rich liquid domains of the plasma membrane, where certain types of protein tend to aggregate and intercalate. Lipid rafts are involved in the generation of amyloid-beta oligomers and the formation of amyloid-beta peptides. In this paper, we review the mechanism by which lipid rafts disturb the aberrant degradative autophagic-lysosomal pathway of amyloid-beta, which plays an important role in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, we describe this mechanism from the view of the Two-system Theory of fasciology and thus, suggest that lipid rafts may be a new target of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong Province, China
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124
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Yuyama K, Sun H, Sakai S, Mitsutake S, Okada M, Tahara H, Furukawa JI, Fujitani N, Shinohara Y, Igarashi Y. Decreased amyloid-β pathologies by intracerebral loading of glycosphingolipid-enriched exosomes in Alzheimer model mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24488-98. [PMID: 25037226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.577213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the human brain are linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that extracellular Aβ can bind to exosomes, which are cell-secreted nanovesicles with lipid membranes that are known to transport their cargos intercellularly. Such findings suggest that the exosomes are involved in Aβ metabolism in brain. Here, we found that neuroblastoma-derived exosomes exogenously injected into mouse brains trapped Aβ and with the associated Aβ were internalized into brain-resident phagocyte microglia. Accordingly, continuous intracerebral administration of the exosomes into amyloid-β precursor protein transgenic mice resulted in marked reductions in Aβ levels, amyloid depositions, and Aβ-mediated synaptotoxicity in the hippocampus. In addition, we determined that glycosphingolipids (GSLs), a group of membrane glycolipids, are highly abundant in the exosomes, and the enriched glycans of the GSLs are essential for Aβ binding and assembly on the exosomes both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that intracerebrally administered exosomes can act as potent scavengers for Aβ by carrying it on the exosome surface GSLs and suggest a role of exosomes in Aβ clearance in the central nervous system. Improving Aβ clearance by exosome administration would provide a novel therapeutic intervention for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yuyama
- From the Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hui Sun
- From the Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shota Sakai
- From the Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Susumu Mitsutake
- From the Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Megumi Okada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan, and
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan, and
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitani
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- From the Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan,
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125
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Ribas V, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Glutathione and mitochondria. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:151. [PMID: 25024695 PMCID: PMC4079069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-protein thiol in cells whose functions are dependent on the redox-active thiol of its cysteine moiety that serves as a cofactor for a number of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. While synthesized exclusively in the cytosol from its constituent amino acids, GSH is distributed in different compartments, including mitochondria where its concentration in the matrix equals that of the cytosol. This feature and its negative charge at physiological pH imply the existence of specific carriers to import GSH from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix, where it plays a key role in defense against respiration-induced reactive oxygen species and in the detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides and electrophiles. Moreover, as mitochondria play a central strategic role in the activation and mode of cell death, mitochondrial GSH has been shown to critically regulate the level of sensitization to secondary hits that induce mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and release of proteins confined in the intermembrane space that once in the cytosol engage the molecular machinery of cell death. In this review, we summarize recent data on the regulation of mitochondrial GSH and its role in cell death and prevalent human diseases, such as cancer, fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Ribas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Barcelona, Spain ; Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Barcelona, Spain ; Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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126
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Ariga T. Pathogenic role of ganglioside metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1227-42. [PMID: 24903509 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside metabolism is altered in several neurodegenerative diseases, and this may participate in several events related to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Most changes occur in specific areas of the brain and their distinct membrane microdomains or lipid rafts. Antiganglioside antibodies may be involved in dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier and disease progression in these diseases. In lipid rafts, interactions of glycosphingolipids, including ganglioside, with proteins may be responsible for the misfolding events that cause the fibril and/or aggregate processing of disease-specific proteins, such as α-synuclein, in Parkinson's disease, huntingtin protein in Huntington's disease, and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Targeting ganglioside metabolism may represent an underexploited opportunity to design novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegeneration in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ariga
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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127
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Huang Q, Zhou X, Liu D, Xin B, Cechner K, Wang H, Zhou A. A new liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of gangliosides in human plasma. Anal Biochem 2014; 455:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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128
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Angata T. Associations of genetic polymorphisms of Siglecs with human diseases. Glycobiology 2014; 24:785-93. [PMID: 24841380 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism studies in humans provide unique opportunities to understand human biology and the mechanisms of diseases. Correlations between polymorphisms in the genes encoding human Siglecs and various diseases have been reported. Leading examples, such as the CD33 polymorphism associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, are well supported by genetic replication and mechanistic studies, while some others (such as SIGLEC8 polymorphism associated with bronchial asthma and SIGLEC14 polymorphism associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) may benefit reinforcement by independent genetic replication or mechanistic studies. In a few cases, such as MAG polymorphism associated with psychological disorder and CD22 polymorphism associated with autoimmune disease, the phenotype associated with a genetic polymorphism of a Siglec gene and that of an enzyme gene involved in the biosynthesis of Siglec ligand show some overlap, providing indirect support for the observed genotype-phenotype association. Although studies using engineered mutant mice have provided invaluable insights into the biological functions and mechanisms of diseases, it is not always possible to develop appropriate mouse model to replicate human situations because of significant species-to-species differences, which can be a major obstacle in understanding the biology of some of human CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs. Further studies in genetic polymorphisms of human Siglecs, combined with appropriate functional studies, may reveal unexpected biological roles of human Siglecs, and identify possible targets for prevention and/or treatment of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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129
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Sun JH, Yu JT, Tan L. The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:947-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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130
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Lim WLF, Martins IJ, Martins RN. The involvement of lipids in Alzheimer's disease. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:261-74. [PMID: 24894353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, will affect approximately 81 million individuals by 2040. To date, the actual cause and cascade of events in the progression of this disease have not been fully determined. Furthermore, there is currently no definitive blood test or simple diagnostic method for AD. Considerable efforts have been put into proteomic approaches to develop a diagnostic blood test, but to date these efforts have not been successful. More recently, there has been a stronger focus on lipidomic studies in the hope of increasing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to AD and developing an AD blood test. It is well known that the strongest genetic risk factor for AD is the ε4 variant of apolipoprotein E (APOE). Evidence suggests that the ApoE protein, a major lipid transporter, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD, and its role in both normal and aberrant lipid metabolism warrants further extensive investigation. Here, we review ApoE-lipid interactions, as well as the roles that lipids may play in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Florence Lim
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Ian James Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Ralph Nigel Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia; McCusker Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease Research Inc., Suite 22, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
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131
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Pathological roles of ceramide and its metabolites in metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:793-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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132
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Yadav RS, Tiwari NK. Lipid integration in neurodegeneration: an overview of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:168-76. [PMID: 24590317 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various types of lipids and their metabolic products associated with the biological membrane play a crucial role in signal transduction, modulation, and activation of receptors and as precursors of bioactive lipid mediators. Dysfunction in the lipid homeostasis in the brain could be a risk factor for the many types of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These neurodegenerative disorders are marked by extensive neuronal apoptosis, gliosis, and alteration in the differentiation, proliferation, and development of neurons. Sphingomyelin, a constituent of plasma membrane, as well as its primary metabolite ceramide acts as a potential lipid second messenger molecule linked with the modulation of various cellular signaling pathways. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species associated with enhanced oxidative stress has been implicated with these molecules and involved in the regulation of a variety of different neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders. Studies have shown that alterations in the levels of plasma lipid/cholesterol concentration may result to neurodegenerative diseases. Alteration in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators in the brain has also been found to be implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Although several mechanisms involved in neuronal apoptosis have been described, the molecular mechanisms underlying the correlation between lipid metabolism and the neurological deficits are not clearly understood. In the present review, an attempt has been made to provide detailed information about the association of lipids in neurodegeneration especially in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
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133
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Torretta E, Vasso M, Fania C, Capitanio D, Bergante S, Piccoli M, Tettamanti G, Anastasia L, Gelfi C. Application of direct HPTLC-MALDI for the qualitative and quantitative profiling of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids: The case of NEU3 overexpressing C2C12 murine myoblasts. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1319-28. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Torretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan; Segrate Milan Italy
| | - Michele Vasso
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR; Cefalù (Palermo) Segrate Milan Italy
| | - Chiara Fania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan; Segrate Milan Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan; Segrate Milan Italy
| | - Sonia Bergante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan; Segrate Milan Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Milan Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan; Segrate Milan Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Milan Italy
| | - Guido Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Milan Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan; Segrate Milan Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Milan Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health; University of Milan; Segrate Milan Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR; Cefalù (Palermo) Segrate Milan Italy
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134
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Oikawa N, Hatsuta H, Murayama S, Suzuki A, Yanagisawa K. Influence of APOE genotype and the presence of Alzheimer's pathology on synaptic membrane lipids of human brains. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:641-50. [PMID: 24446209 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The APOE genotype is the major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it remains unclarified how the ε4 allele accelerates whereas the ε2 allele suppresses AD development, compared with the more common ε3 allele. On the basis of the previous finding that the assembly of the amyloid-β protein (Aβ) into fibrils in the brain, an early and invariable pathological feature of AD, depends on the lipid environment, we determined the levels of synaptic membrane lipids in aged individuals of different APOE genotypes. In the comparison between amyloid-free ε2/ε3 and ε3/ε3 brains, the presence of the ε2 allele significantly decreased the level of cholesterol. Alternatively, in the comparison among ε3/ε3 brains, the presence of AD pathology substantially decreased the levels of cholesterol. This study suggests that the ε2 allele suppresses the initiation of AD development by lowering the cholesterol levels in synaptic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Oikawa
- Department of Drug Discovery, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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135
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136
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Sonnino S, Aureli M, Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Prinetti A. Lipid Rafts in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:130-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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137
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How Do Gangliosides Regulate RTKs Signaling? Cells 2013; 2:751-67. [PMID: 24709879 PMCID: PMC3972652 DOI: 10.3390/cells2040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides, the glycosphingolipids carrying one or several sialic acid residues, are located on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane in glycolipid-enriched microdomains, where they interact with molecules of signal transduction pathways including receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The role of gangliosides in the regulation of signal transduction has been reported in many cases and in a large number of cell types. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of gangliosides and the mechanism by which they regulate RTKs signaling.
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138
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Stipcevic T, Knight CP, Kippin TE. Stimulation of adult neural stem cells with a novel glycolipid biosurfactant. Acta Neurol Belg 2013; 113:501-6. [PMID: 23846482 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-013-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids are amphipathic molecules which are highly expressed on cell membranes in skin and brain where they mediate several key cellular processes. Neural stem cells are defined as undifferentiated, proliferative, multipotential cells with extensive self-renewal and are responsive to brain injury. Di-rhamnolipid: α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid, also referred to as di-rhamnolipid BAC-3, is a glycolipid isolated from the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the previous studies, di-rhamnolipid enhanced dermal tissue healing and regeneration. The present study provides the first assessment of di-rhamnolipid, and glycolipid biosurfactants in general, on the nervous system. Treatment of neural stem cells isolated from the lateral ventricle of adult mice and cultured in defined media containing growth factors at 0.5 and 1 μg/ml of di-rhamnolipid increased the number of neurospheres (2.7- and 2.8-fold, respectively) compared to controls and this effect remained even after passaging in the absence of di-rhamnolipid. In addition, neural stem cells treated with di-rhamnolipid at 50 and 100 μg/ml in defined media supplemented with fetal calf serum and without growth factors exhibited increased cell viability, indicating an interaction between di-rhamnolipid and serum components in the regulation of neural stem cells and neuroprogenitors. Intracerebroventricular administration of di-rhamnolipid at 300 and 120 ng/day increased the number of neurospheres (1.3- and 1.63-fold, respectively) that could be derived from the anterior lateral ventricles of adult mice. These results indicate that di-rhamnolipid stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells and increases their endogenous pools which may have therapeutic potential in managing neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disorders and promoting nervous tissue regeneration following injury.
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139
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Rosini M, Simoni E, Milelli A, Minarini A, Melchiorre C. Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease: Are We Connecting the Dots? J Med Chem 2013; 57:2821-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400970m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rosini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Simoni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto
237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Melchiorre
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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140
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O'Brien JP, Brodbelt JS. Structural characterization of gangliosides and glycolipids via ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10399-407. [PMID: 24083420 DOI: 10.1021/ac402379y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) mass spectrometry was used to characterize the structures of amphiphilic glycosphingolipids and gangliosides in comparison to collision induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) in a high performance Orbitrap mass spectrometer. UVPD produced the widest array of fragment ions diagnostic for both the ceramide base and oligosaccharide moieties. CID and HCD generated mainly glycosidic B/Y and C/Z cleavages of the oligosaccharides moieties and very few informative fragments related to the hydrophobic ceramide base. Several unique cleavages at the sphingoid base and the fatty acid chain occurred upon UVPD, as well as a wider variety of cross ring cleavages (A/X ions), thus affording differentiation of isobaric gangliosides. An LC-UVPD-MS strategy allowed the elucidation of 27 gangliosides among five different classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas, United States 78712
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141
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Abstract
The amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) cascade hypothesis posits that Aβ accumulation is the fundamental initiator of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mounting evidence suggests that impaired Aβ clearance rather than its overproduction is the major pathogenic event for AD. Recent genetic studies have identified cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) as a strong genetic locus linked to AD. As a type I transmembrane protein, CD33 belongs to the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins, mediating the cell-cell interaction and inhibiting normal functions of immune cells. In the brain, CD33 is mainly expressed on microglial cells. The level of CD33 was found to be increased in the AD brain, which positively correlated with amyloid plaque burden and disease severity. More importantly, CD33 led to the impairment of microglia-mediated clearance of Aβ, which resulted in the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain. In this article, we review the recent epidemiological findings of CD33 that related with AD and discuss the levels and pathogenic roles of CD33 in this disease. Based on the contributing effects of CD33 in AD pathogenesis, targeting CD33 may provide new opportunities for AD therapeutic strategies.
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142
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Liguori N, Nerenberg P, Head-Gordon T. Embedding Aβ42 in heterogeneous membranes depends on cholesterol asymmetries. Biophys J 2013; 105:899-910. [PMID: 23972842 PMCID: PMC3752101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a coarse-grained lipid and peptide model, we show that the free energy stabilization of amyloid-β in heterogeneous lipid membranes is predicted to have a dependence on asymmetric distributions of cholesterol compositions across the membrane leaflets. We find that a highly asymmetric cholesterol distribution that is depleted on the exofacial leaflet but enhanced on the cytofacial leaflet of the model lipid membrane thermodynamically favors membrane retention of a fully embedded Aβ peptide. However, in the case of cholesterol redistribution that increases concentration of cholesterol on the exofacial layer, typical of aging or Alzheimer's disease, the free energy favors peptide extrusion of the highly reactive N-terminus into the extracellular space that may be vulnerable to aggregation, oligomerization, or deleterious oxidative reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul S. Nerenberg
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California
| | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
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143
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Itokazu Y, Kato-Negishi M, Nakatani Y, Ariga T, Yu RK. Effects of amyloid β-peptides and gangliosides on mouse neural stem cells. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2019-27. [PMID: 23851714 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of amyloid β-proteins (Aβs) with membrane lipids has been postulated as an early event in Aβ fibril formation in Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the effects of several putative bioactive Aβs and gangliosides on neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from embryonic mouse brains or the subventricular zone of adult mouse brains. Incubation of the isolated NSCs with soluble Aβ1-40 alone did not cause any change in the number of NSCs, but soluble Aβ1-42 increased their number. Aggregated Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 increased the number of NSCs but soluble and aggregated Aβ25-35 decreased the number. Soluble Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 did not affect the number of apoptotic cells but aggregated Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 did. When NSCs were treated with a combination of GM1 or GD3 and soluble Aβ1-42, cell proliferation was enhanced, indicating that both GM1 and GD3 as well as Aβs are involved in promoting cell proliferation and survival of NSCs. These observations suggest the potential of beneficial effects of using gangliosides and Aβs for promoting NSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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144
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Alessenko AV. The potential role for sphingolipids in neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750813020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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145
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Anti-Chol-1 antigen, GQ1bα, antibodies are associated with Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63326. [PMID: 23717411 PMCID: PMC3662770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of amyloid β-proteins (Aβ) with membrane gangliosides has been reported to be an early event in Aβ fibril formation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuronal degeneration in AD has been postulated to be associated with the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies in patient sera. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) immunostaining, sera from 27 individuals (10 with AD, 6 with vascular dementia (VD), and 11 non-demented age-matched pathological controls) were examined in order to detect anti-glycosphingolipid (GSL) antibodies, including anti-cholinergic-specific antigen (Chol-1α; GQ1bα) antibodies. All sera had natural antibodies against ganglio-N-tetraosyl gangliosides (brain-type gangliosides). However, sera of demented patients with AD and VD had significantly higher titers of anti-GSL antibodies than those in age-matched pathological controls. Although most serum antibodies, including anti- GM1, -GT1b, -GQ1b, -GQ1bα, were of the IgM type, the presence of the IgG type antibodies was also significantly elevated in the sera of demented patients with AD. Anti-GT1b antibodies of the IgG type were elevated in AD (90%, 9 of 10 cases) and VD (100%), respectively. Most surprisingly, anti-GQ1bα antibodies (IgM) were found in 90% (9/10) and 100% (6/6) in the sera of patients with AD and VD, respectively. Since GQ1bα is present in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, the presence of anti-GQ1bα antibodies may play an important role in disrupting cholinergic synaptic transmission and may participate in the pathogenesis of dementia. We conclude that elevated anti-GSL antibody titers may be useful as an aid for clinical diagnosis of those dementias.
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146
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Gangliosides containing different numbers of sialic acids affect the morphology and structural organization of isotropic phospholipid bicelles. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 170-171:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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147
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Lipid raft disarrangement as a result of neuropathological progresses: a novel strategy for early diagnosis? Neuroscience 2013; 245:26-39. [PMID: 23618758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are the preferential site of numerous membrane signaling proteins which are involved in neuronal functioning and survival. These proteins are organized in multiprotein complexes, or signalosomes, in close contact with lipid classes particularly represented in lipid rafts (i.e. cholesterol, sphingolipids and saturated fatty acids), which may contribute to physiological responses leading to neuroprotection. Increasing evidence indicates that alteration of lipid composition in raft structures as a consequence of neuropathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), causes a dramatic increase in lipid raft order. These phenomena may correlate with perturbation of signalosome activities, likely contributing to neurodegenerative progression. Interestingly, significant disruption of stable raft microenvironments has been already observed in the first stages of either AD or PD, suggesting that these alterations may represent early events in the neuropathological development. In this regard, the search for biochemical markers, such as specific metabolic products altered in the brain at the first steps of the disease, presently represents an important challenge for early diagnostic strategies. Alterations of these biomarkers may be reflected in either plasma or cerebrospinal fluid, thus representing a potential strategy to predict an accurate diagnosis. We propose that pathologically-linked lipid raft markers may be interesting candidates to be explored at this level, although it has not been studied so far to what extent alteration of different signalosome components may be reflected in peripheral fluids. In this mini-review, we will discuss on relevant aspects of lipid rafts that contribute to the modulation of neuropathological events related to AD and PD. An interesting hypothesis is that anomalies on raft biomarkers measured at peripheral fluids might mirror the lipid raft pathology observed in early stages of AD and PD.
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148
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Yamaguchi T, Uno T, Uekusa Y, Yagi-Utsumi M, Kato K. Ganglioside-embedding small bicelles for probing membrane-landing processes of intrinsically disordered proteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1235-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc38016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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149
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Alessenko A. The potential role for sphingolipids in neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20135901025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the functional role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Certain evidence exist that the imbalance of sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and galactosylceramide in the brain of animals and humans, in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease play a crucial role in neuronal function by regulating growth, differentiation and cell death in CNS. Activation of sphingomyelinase, which leads to the accumulation of the proapoptotic agent, ceramide, can be considered as a new mechanism for AD and may be a prerequisite for the treatment of this disease by using drugs that inhibit sphingomyelinase activity. The role of sphingolipids as biomarkers for the diagnosis of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment with new drugs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.V. Alessenko
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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150
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Lauterbach T, Manna M, Ruhnow M, Wisantoso Y, Wang Y, Matysik A, Oglęcka K, Mu Y, Geifman-Shochat S, Wohland T, Kraut R. Weak glycolipid binding of a microdomain-tracer peptide correlates with aggregation and slow diffusion on cell membranes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51222. [PMID: 23251459 PMCID: PMC3520979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organized assembly or aggregation of sphingolipid-binding ligands, such as certain toxins and pathogens, has been suggested to increase binding affinity of the ligand to the cell membrane and cause membrane reorganization or distortion. Here we show that the diffusion behavior of the fluorescently tagged sphingolipid-interacting peptide probe SBD (Sphingolipid Binding Domain) is altered by modifications in the construction of the peptide sequence that both result in a reduction in binding to ganglioside-containing supported lipid membranes, and at the same time increase aggregation on the cell plasma membrane, but that do not change relative amounts of secondary structural features. We tested the effects of modifying the overall charge and construction of the SBD probe on its binding and diffusion behavior, by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR; Biacore) analysis on lipid surfaces, and by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) on live cells, respectively. SBD binds preferentially to membranes containing the highly sialylated gangliosides GT1b and GD1a. However, simple charge interactions of the peptide with the negative ganglioside do not appear to be a critical determinant of binding. Rather, an aggregation-suppressing amino acid composition and linker between the fluorophore and the peptide are required for optimum binding of the SBD to ganglioside-containing supported lipid bilayer surfaces, as well as for interaction with the membrane. Interestingly, the strength of interactions with ganglioside-containing artificial membranes is mirrored in the diffusion behavior by FCS on cell membranes, with stronger binders displaying similar characteristic diffusion profiles. Our findings indicate that for aggregation-prone peptides, aggregation occurs upon contact with the cell membrane, and rather than giving a stronger interaction with the membrane, aggregation is accompanied by weaker binding and complex diffusion profiles indicative of heterogeneous diffusion behavior in the probe population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lauterbach
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institut für Lebensmittel- und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manoj Manna
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Maria Ruhnow
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institut für Lebensmittel- und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yudi Wisantoso
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kamila Oglęcka
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Kraut
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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