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Kulke MH, Muzikansky A, Clark J, Enzinger PC, Fidias P, Kinsella K, Michelini A, Fuchs CS. A Phase II Trial of Vinorelbine in Patients with Advanced Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Invest 2009; 24:346-50. [PMID: 16777685 DOI: 10.1080/07357900600705268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based combination chemotherapy regimens increasingly are accepted as a first-line treatment option for patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. While active, such regimens also have been associated with toxicity. Vinorelbine is both well tolerated and active in patients with advanced breast, lung cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, but has not previously been evaluated as a single agent in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. We, therefore, performed a Phase II study to assess the activity of vinorelbine in this disease. Twenty-nine patients with previously treated or untreated metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma were treated with weekly vinorelbine, administered at a dose of 25 mg/m2, and were followed for evidence of radiologic response, toxicity, and survival. Patients received a median of 8 weeks of therapy. While mild myelosuppression was common, only 17 percent of the treated patients developed Grade 3 or Grade 4 neutropenia. Other toxicities included Grade 1-2 constipation in 31 percent, and Grade 1-2 neuropathy in 13 percent of patients. The overall radiologic response rate was 7 percent, the median progression-free survival time was 1.9 months and the median overall survival time was 7.8 months. We conclude that vinorelbine has minimal toxicity but only minor antitumor activity in patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Kulke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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102
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Systemic treatment of gastric cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009; 70:216-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Phase II trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:287-93. [PMID: 19177020 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283273509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with palliative intent compared with supportive care alone is now widely accepted. However, the best choice of chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced gastric cancer is still a matter of controversy and requires further investigation. This study is performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the FOLFOXIRI regimen (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m as a 2-h intravenous infusion, irinotecan 165 mg/m as a 90-min infusion, leucovorin 200 mg/m as a 2-h infusion, 5-fluorouracil 3200 mg/m as a 48-h continuous infusion on day 1, every 2 weeks) as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Forty-seven (95.9%) of the 49 patients were assessable for response. Two cases of complete response and 29 cases of partial response were confirmed, giving an overall response rate of 63.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 49.8-76.8%]. The median time to progression and overall survival for all patients were 7.3 months (95% CI: 6.0-8.6 months) and 11.9 months (95% CI: 9.4-14.4 months), respectively. The estimate of overall survival at 12 months was 42.9% (95% CI: 29.0-56.7%). Most patients experienced neutropenia during their course of therapy with 49% of patients (n=23) for grade 3/4 neutropenia. Grade 3 nausea/vomiting, stomatitis, and diarrhea were observed in 20 (42.6%), two (4.3%), and five (10.6%) patients, respectively. Yet, no grade 4 nonhematologic toxicity was observed. The FOLFOXIRI combination is a tolerated treatment modality with promising activity in previously untreated advanced gastric cancer patients.
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A phase II study of modified FOLFOX as first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:281-6. [PMID: 19247179 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328324bbc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biweekly oxaliplatin in combination with continuous infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (modified FOLFOX regimen) in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Forty-six eligible patients older than 65 years with previously untreated AGC received oxaliplatin 85 mg/m intravenously over a 2-h period on day 1, together with leucovorin 400 mg/m over 2 h, followed by a 46-h infusion of 5-fluorouracil 2600 mg/m every 2 weeks. All patients were evaluable for efficacy and toxicity. A median of seven cycles (range 1-12) was administered. The overall response rate was 45.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 31-61%] with two complete responses, 19 partial responses, 15 stable diseases, and 10 progressions. Median time to progression was 6.2 months (95% CI: 4.6-7.8) and median overall survival was 9.8 months (95% CI: 8.2-11.4). Toxicity was fairly mild. Grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia (8.7%), nausea (4.3%), vomiting (4.3%), diarrhea (2.2%); and grade 4 toxicities occurred in none of the patients. Grades 1-2 peripheral neuropathy was reported in 43.5% of patients. The modified FOLFOX regimen is active, well tolerated as first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients aged above 65 years with AGC.
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Saridaki Z, Pappas P, Souglakos J, Nikolaidou M, Vardakis N, Kotsakis A, Marselos M, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D. A dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of the biweekly administration of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:121-8. [PMID: 19415279 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of the paclitaxel, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin combination administered biweekly in patients with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received escalated doses of paclitaxel (starting dose: 100 mg/m(2)), gemcitabine (starting dose: 800 mg/m(2)) and oxaliplatin (starting dose: 50 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 15 in cycles of every 4 weeks. DLTs were evaluated during the first cycle. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients (median age 65 years) with performance status 0-1 were treated on six dose escalation levels. Eleven patients (40.7%) were chemotherapy naïve, six (22.2%) had received 1 prior chemotherapy regimen and ten (37.1%) 2 or more. The DLT level was reached at the doses of paclitaxel 110 mg/m(2), gemcitabine 1,150 mg/m(2) and LOHP 70 mg/m(2). The dose-limiting events were grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 febrile neutropenia. Neutropenia was the most common adverse event. A median of 3 cycles per patient was administered. One complete and five partial responses were observed in patients with ovarian carcinoma, NSCLC, urothelial cancer, mesothelioma and cancer of unknown primary. No pharmacokinetic drug interactions were detected. CONCLUSIONS The recommended doses for future phase II studies of this combination are paclitaxel 110 mg/m(2), gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) and oxaliplatin 70 mg/m(2) every 2 weeks. The regimen is generally well tolerated and merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharenia Saridaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Phase II study of epirubicin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel combination in metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:34. [PMID: 19267943 PMCID: PMC2657908 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background This phase II study was designed to evaluate the activity and safety of a combination of epirubicin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel in metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Methods Forty patients with measurable distant metastases received epirubicin 50 mg/m2, docetaxel 60 mg/m2 followed by oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Primary end point was response rates (RR). Results All patients were evaluable. The overall RR was 47.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32–63). The disease control was 80%. Median time for response was 6 weeks. Median time to progression was 6.3 months (95% CI 5.4–7.2) and the median overall survival time was 12.1 months (95% CI 10.7–13.5). Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 50% of patients with two episodes of febrile neutropenia (5%). Other non-hematological grade 3 toxicities included sensory neuropathy in two patiens (5%), vomiting and mucositis in two patients (5%) and diarrhea in one patient (2.5%). Conclusion The combination of epirubicin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel was found to be effective and well tolerated in patiens with metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma and maybe an appropriate regimen to be used in the neoadjuvant setting and with molecularly targeted agents.
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Ta LE, Low PA, Windebank AJ. Mice with cisplatin and oxaliplatin-induced painful neuropathy develop distinct early responses to thermal stimuli. Mol Pain 2009; 5:9. [PMID: 19245717 PMCID: PMC2655284 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-5-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin has been in use for 40 years for treatment of germ line and other forms of cancer. Oxaliplatin is approved for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Thirty to forty percent of cancer patients receiving these agents develop pain and sensory loss. Oxaliplatin induces distinctive cold-associated dysesthesias in up to 80% of patients. Results We have established mouse models of cisplatin and oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy using doses similar to those used in patients. Adult male C57BL6J mice were treated with daily intraperitoneal injection for 5 days, followed by 5 days of rest, for two cycles. Total cumulative doses of 23 mg/kg cisplatin and 30 mg/kg oxaliplatin were used. Behavioral evaluations included cold plate, von Frey, radiant heat, tail immersion, grip strength and exploratory behavior at baseline and at weekly intervals for 8 weeks. Following two treatment cycles, mice in the cisplatin and oxaliplatin treatment groups demonstrated significant mechanical allodynia compared to control mice. In addition, the cisplatin group exhibited significant thermal hyperalgesia in hind paws and tail, and the oxaliplatin group developed significant cold hyperalgesia in hind paws. Conclusion We have therefore established a model of platinum drug-induced painful peripheral neuropathy that reflects the differences in early thermal pain responses that are observed in patients treated with either cisplatin or oxaliplatin. This model should be useful in studying the molecular basis for these different pain responses and in designing protective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Ta
- Program in Molecular Neuroscience, Mayo Graduate School and Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Celio L, Sternberg CN, Labianca R, La Torre I, Amoroso V, Barone C, Pinotti G, Cascinu S, Di Costanzo F, Cetto GL, Bajetta E. Pemetrexed in combination with oxaliplatin as a first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer: a multi-institutional phase II study. Ann Oncol 2009; 20:1062-7. [PMID: 19218305 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This clinical trial assessed the efficacy of pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin (PEMOX) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-four patients with untreated AGC were enrolled to evaluate response rate (RR). Patients received pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2)) with vitamin supplementation and oxaliplatin (120 mg/m(2)) every 21 days for six cycles or until disease progression occurred. RESULTS Median age was 62 years (range 26-76). The majority of patients (93%) had metastatic disease. Sixteen of the 44 patients achieved confirmed response [RR 36%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 22% to 52%]; four complete responses and 12 partial responses (complete and partial responses according to the RECIST guidelines are the confirmed-responses observed in the study population). Median time to tumor progression (TTP) was 6.2 months (95% CI 4.3-7.5) and median survival was 10.8 months (95% CI 7.7-17.2). A total of 220 cycles were administered, with a median of six cycles. Most common grade 3/4 toxic effects were neutropenia in 41% of patients (19% of cycles) and thrombocytopenia in 11% of patients (4% of cycles). Treatment delays or dose reductions for toxicity occurred in 10% and 5% of cycles, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PEMOX is active and well tolerated in AGC. RR, TTP, and survival were comparable to those achieved in studies using different 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-oxaliplatin combinations, without the inconvenience of prolonged 5-FU schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Celio
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Foundation IRCCS National Tumour Institute, Milan, Italy
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Zang DY, Yang DH, Kim MJ, Jang KM, Hwang SW, Yoo KS, Han T, Kim HY, Kim HJ, Kwon JH, Song HH, Park S, Jung JY, Kim HS, Kim JH. Dose-finding study of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1 for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 64:877-83. [PMID: 19190908 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-0936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD), and activity of combined docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1 (DOS) chemotherapy on metastatic gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Docetaxel and oxaliplatin were administered intravenously on day 1 and S-1 was administered orally on days 1-14 of every 21-day cycle. The doses of docetaxel/oxaliplatin/S-1 in the phase I study were level -1A, 52.5/80/60 mg/m(2); level -1B, 52.5/80/80 mg/m(2); level 1A, 52.5/105/80 mg/m(2); level 1B, 52.5/130/80 mg/m(2); level 2A, 60/105/80 mg/m(2); level 2B, 60/130/80 mg/m(2); level 3A, 67.5/105/80 mg/m(2); level 3B, 67.5/130/80 mg/m(2); level 4A, 75/105/80 mg/m(2); level 4B, 75/130/80 mg/m(2). RESULTS Nine patients were enrolled. One of six patients at level 1A and two of three patients at level 1B developed dose-limiting toxicity (febrile neutropenia) during the initial two cycles. Therefore, the doses used at levels 1B and 1A were defined as the MTD and RD, respectively. All patients were evaluated for toxicity and response. Six partial responses were noted, and the overall response rate was 67%. CONCLUSION The RD of the DOS regimen in patients with advanced gastric cancer was docetaxel 52.5 mg/m(2) and oxaliplatin 105 mg/m(2) on day 1 and S-1 80 mg/m(2) on days 1-14 of every 21-day cycle. A phase II study using the RD is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Zang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center and Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea.
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110
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Oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and fluorouracil/folinic acid in advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter phase II trial of the Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 64:893-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-0938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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111
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Seol YM, Song MK, Choi YJ, Kim GH, Shin HJ, Song GA, Chung JS, Cho GJ. Oral fluoropyrimidines (capecitabine or S-1) and cisplatin as first line treatment in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 39:43-8. [PMID: 18997184 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyn119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral fluoropyrimidines and cisplatin therapy in elderly patients with untreated advanced gastric cancer (AGC) retrospectively. In addition, we evaluated the relative activity and toxicity of these agents in this patient population. METHODS Clinical data from 72 patients with previously untreated AGC, who were treated with capecitabine/cisplatin and S-1/cisplatin, were reviewed. Oral fluoropyrimidines were administered orally twice a day on Days 1-14. The dose of capecitabine was 1250 mg/m(2) and that of S-1 was 50 mg [body surface area (BSA) < 1.5 m(3)] or 60 mg (BSA > 1.5 m(3)) twice a day. Cisplatin was administered intravenously on Day 1 (before the first dose of capecitabine or S-1) at a dose of 70 mg/m(2) over a 2 h period. The chemotherapy cycle was of 3 weeks (with oral capecitabine or S-1). RESULTS Thirty-two and 40 patients received the S-1 and capecitabine regimens, respectively, and were included in the analysis. The S-1 protocol had a response rate of 40.6%, a median time-to-progression (TTP) of 5.4 months and a median survival of 9.6 months. The capecitabine had a response rate of 55%, a median TTP of 5.9 months and a median survival of 10.2 months. Each protocol had a similar incidence of Grade 3 or 4 adverse events. However, there was a higher rate of the hand-foot syndrome (6 versus 37%) and diarrhea (25 versus 32%) in the capecitabine group. CONCLUSION Oral fluoropyrimidines and cisplatin in elderly patients with untreated AGC showed encouraging results. The treatment was well tolerated with a manageable toxicity profile. The comparison of S-1 with capecitabine showed that capecitabine had a slightly higher response rate (statistically not significant) in addition to a higher rate of adverse events such as the hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea. These data should be warranted with further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Seol
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea
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Al-Batran SE, Hartmann J, Hofheinz R, Homann N, Rethwisch V, Probst S, Stoehlmacher J, Clemens M, Mahlberg R, Fritz M, Seipelt G, Sievert M, Pauligk C, Atmaca A, Jäger E. Biweekly fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction: a phase II trial of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1882-7. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Gu Y, Shu Y, Xu Q. A study of weekly paclitaxel plus 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for patients with advanced or recurrent inoperable gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2008; 63:293-6. [PMID: 18848761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel plus 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for patients with advanced or recurrent inoperable gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed advanced gastric cancer or recurrent inoperable gastric cancer. Patients were treated with weekly paclitaxel 60 mg/m(2) on the 1st, 8th and 15th days combined with 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m(2) by a continuous intravenous infusion from the 1st to the 5th day, and a cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) intravenous infusion for 3 days. The cycles were repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS Forty-six patients were assessed for response and toxicity. Three patients achieved complete responses, and 20 patients achieved partial responses; the overall response rate was 50.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34.9-65.1%). With a median follow-up of 20 months, the median progression-free and overall survivals were 24 and 46 weeks, respectively, with a 1-year survival rate of 41.3% (95% CI, 27.0-56.8%). The most common hematological toxicity was myelosuppression, which included neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia; the grade 3 toxicity rate was 26.1% (12/46), and only 1 patient was observed with a grade 4 neutropenia. The nonhematological toxicities included anorexia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, stomatitis/mucositis, alopecia, dizziness, skin rash, neurotoxicity, and infection; the grade 3 toxicity rate was 34.8% (16/46), but no grade 4 nonhematologic toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS The combination chemotherapy consisting of weekly paclitaxel plus 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was effective and well tolerated in patients with advanced and recurrent inoperable gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Cen P, Tetzlaff ED, Ajani JA. Contribution of capecitabine for therapy of patients with gastroesophageal cancer: an update of recent phase III results. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008; 4:137-40. [PMID: 18728703 PMCID: PMC2503649 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capecitabine, an orally administered fluoropyrimidines, is widely used in the treatment of multiple malignancies. It has been extensively evaluated in patients with gastroesophageal carcinoma. Since recent reviews have discussed phase I/II trials (Cancer 107:221–231, 2006; Drugs 67:601–610, 2007), we focus on the impact of the results of the most current phase III trials using capectiabine in the treatment of advanced gastroesophageal cancers, primarily in the first-line setting. Methods To find published phase III trials, Medline was searched for English-language clinical trials published from 1996 through June 2007 along with relevant abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and meetings of the European Cancer Conference and European Society of Medical Oncology. Only representative trials were chosen for this manuscript. Results The most frequently investigated combinations are capecitabine with taxanes, platinols, and camptothecins. Recent results of a large phase III trial (REAL-2) in untreated patients with gastroesophageal cancer suggest that capecitabine is a non-inferior substitute for intravenous 5-fluorouracil. These results of REAL-2 trial are substantiated by a smaller phase III trial. Previous analysis of multiple trials had suggested that capecitabine, when combined in doses lower than 1250 mg/m2 twice daily, consistently resulted in lower frequency of Grade 3 or 4 toxic effects. Conclusions Capecitabine provides much needed convenience to patients with gastroesophageal cancer. The recent data derived from two phase III trials confirm that capecitabine is a suitable substitute for intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients whose swallowing is not greatly affected. Capecitabine remains a subject of further investigations in this group of patients with interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putao Cen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology in the Division of Cancer Medicine at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA
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A multiple-center phase II study of biweekly oxaliplatin and tegafur-uracil/leucovorin for chemonaive patients with advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 63:819-25. [PMID: 18663448 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study assessed the efficacy and safety of biweekly oxaliplatin combining oral tegafur-uracil/leucovorin in treating chemonaive patients with advanced gastric cancer. METHODS Eligible patients were 18-75 years old, had stage IV disease or post-surgery recurrence, no prior palliative chemotherapy, and an ECOG performance status of 0-2. Patients in the current study received 2-h i.v. infusion of oxaliplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m(2) after diluting in 500 mL 5% dextrose/water (dexan premedication), and 5-HT3 antagonist biweekly. Oral tegafur-uracil and leucovorin was given at a dose of 300 mg/m(2)/day and 60 mg/day three times daily from day 1 to 21, respectively, followed by a 1-week rest. Response assessment was based on the RECIST criteria and was performed every two courses. Toxicity was assessed according to NCI common toxicity criteria version 2. RESULTS From October 2003 to April 2006, 57 patients were evaluated (55 eligible) with a median age of 61 years (range 31-75). According to the assessment of response in 48 evaluable patients, partial response rate was 24/48 (50.0%) (95% CI: 35.23-64.73%) and stable disease was observed in 11 patients (22.92%), and diseased progressed in 13 patients (27.08%). Mean number of oxaliplatin cycles was 3 (0.5-6.5). Median time to progression was 177 days. Median overall survival was 318 days. Major-grade (III/IV) toxicities were diarrhea 25.5%, vomiting 16.5%, anemia 10.9%, numbness 12.7%, thrombocytopenia 7.3%, neutropenia 3.6% and leucopenia 1.8%. CONCLUSIONS Biweekly, oxaliplatin combining oral tegafur-uracil/leucovorin in treating patients with advanced gastric cancer showed acceptable activity and manageable toxicity.
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Field K, Michael M, Leong T. Locally advanced and metastatic gastric cancer: current management and new treatment developments. Drugs 2008; 68:299-317. [PMID: 18257608 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200868030-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The management of gastric cancer remains a challenge. In recent years, the most important advances have been achieved in the adjuvant setting for patients with locally advanced disease, where significant survival benefits have been demonstrated for both perioperative chemotherapy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. These findings have changed the standard of care for patients with resectable disease. In the setting of metastatic gastric cancer, the development of new cytotoxic regimens must consider the balance between efficacy and toxicity in patients whose overall prognosis is poor. Major advances in recent years include the development of orally administered fluoropyrimidine analogues, which can be used in place of intravenous fluorouracil, and the addition of newer agents such as oxaliplatin and docetaxel, which have demonstrated efficacy in patients with advanced disease. Targeted therapies have had a major impact on the management of certain malignancies, and while their evaluation in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer remains early, it is likely that these agents will continue to be developed and studied in combination with chemotherapy. This article reviews recent advances in the use of chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Targeted therapies, their mechanisms of action and emerging data supporting their use in gastric cancer are also discussed. The two randomized phase III trials supporting adjuvant therapy for locally advanced, resectable gastric cancer are discussed in detail, together with strategies for future trials in this area. Overall, there remains optimism that further incremental gains will be achieved with future studies combining chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies, both in the adjuvant and metastatic disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Field
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Phase II study of oxaliplatin in combination with continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:283-8. [PMID: 18510174 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3282f3fd17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of biweekly oxaliplatin in combination with infusional 5-fluouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Fifty-five eligible patients with measurable or assessable M/AGC (median age 62 and 90% of patients presented with metastasis) received oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2) intravenous infusion for 2 h, followed by intravenous infusion of 5-FU (3000 mg/m2) and leucovorin (100 mg/m2) for 46 h every 14 days until the patient's disease was either in progression, unacceptable toxicity, patient's withdrawal or the investigators' decision to discontinue treatment. Of the 55 enrolled patients, 48 were evaluable for response. Three patients (5.4%) showed complete remission and 20 patients (36.4%) achieved partial response. The overall response rate was 47.9%. Nineteen patients (34.5%) had stable disease and six patients (10.9%) showed progressive disease. The median time to progression was 5.6 months and the median overall survival was 10.8 months. Grade 3/4 toxicities included leucopenia (12.7%), thrombocytopenia (5.4%), diarrhoea (3.6%) and vomiting (9.1%). Peripheral neuropathy was noted in 61.8% of the patients (grade 1/2: 54.5%; grade 3: 7.3%). Our study confirmed that the combination of oxaliplatin and continuous infusion of 5-FU/leucoverin without bolus 5-FU as first-line chemotherapy is active for patients with AGC and relatively safe with lower haematological toxicity.
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Investigation of interaction between human hemoglobin A0 and platinum anticancer drugs by capillary isoelectric focusing with whole column imaging detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1803-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jeong J, Jeung HC, Rha S, Im C, Shin S, Ahn J, Noh S, Roh J, Chung H. Phase II study of combination chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil, low-dose leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FLOX regimen) in pretreated advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1135-40. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Keam B, Im SA, Han SW, Ham HS, Kim MA, Oh DY, Lee SH, Kim JH, Kim DW, Kim TY, Heo DS, Kim WH, Bang YJ. Modified FOLFOX-6 chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: Results of phase II study and comprehensive analysis of polymorphisms as a predictive and prognostic marker. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:148. [PMID: 18505590 PMCID: PMC2442115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), folinic acid and oxaliplatin (modified FOLFOX-6) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), as first-line palliative combination chemotherapy. We also analyzed the predictive or prognostic value of germline polymorphisms of candidate genes associated with 5-FU and oxaliplatin. Methods Seventy-three patients were administered a 2 hour infusion of oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2) and folinic acid (100 mg/m2) followed by a 46 hour continuous infusion of 5-FU (2,400 mg/m2). Genomic DNA from the patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells was extracted. Ten polymorphisms within five genes were investigated including TS, GSTP, ERCC, XPD and XRCC. Results The overall response rate (RR) was 43.8%. Median time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were 6.0 months and 12.6 months, respectively. Toxicities were generally tolerable and manageable. The RR was significantly higher in patients with a 6-bp deletion homozygote (-6 bp/-6 bp) in TS-3'UTR (55.0% vs. 30.3% in +6 bp/+6 bp or +6 bp/-6 bp, p = 0.034), and C/A or A/A in XPD156 (52.0% vs. 26.1% in C/C, p = 0.038). The -6 bp/-6 bp in TS-3'UTR was significantly associated with a prolonged TTP and OS. In a multivariate analysis, the 6-bp deletion in TS-3'UTR was identified as an independent prognostic marker of TTP (hazard ratio = 0.561, p = 0.032). Conclusion Modified FOLFOX-6 chemotherapy appears to be active and well tolerated as first line chemotherapy in AGC patients. The 6-bp deletion in TS-3'UTR might be a candidate to select patients who are likely to benefit from 5-FU based modified FOLFOX-6 in future large scale trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Van Cutsem E, Van de Velde C, Roth A, Lordick F, Köhne CH, Cascinu S, Aapro M. Expert opinion on management of gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma on behalf of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-gastrointestinal cancer group. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:182-94. [PMID: 18093827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for patients with gastric cancer. Patients should be managed by an experienced team of physicians. The outcome of patients is related to the experience of the multidisciplinary team. Surgery is the cornerstone of the management of patients with resectable gastric cancer. The standard recommendations for resectable gastric adenocarcinoma are free-margin surgery with at least D1 resection combined to removal of a minimum of 15 lymph nodes. It has been shown that the outcome of patients with resectable gastric cancer can be improved by a strategy of perioperative (pre- and postoperative) chemotherapy or by postoperative chemoradiotherapy. The evidence comes from large randomised phase 3 studies. In the treatment of unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, no chemotherapy combination was accepted as the gold standard. Cisplatin/5-FU (CF) and ECF (epirubicin plus CF) regimens have been investigated widely in clinical studies and were until recently presented as the reference regimens. Despite a relative chemosensitivity of gastric cancer, a low rate of complete response was obtained, the response duration was short and patients' outcomes remained poor. Recently, new options have been introduced in the management of advanced gastric cancer. It has been shown that capecitabine is at least as good as 5-FU and that oxaliplatin at least as good as cisplatin in these combinations. It has also been demonstrated that the addition of docetaxel to CF resulted in statistically significant improved efficacy endpoints (including patient's quality of life), but also in an increased toxicity. The DCF regimen (docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-FU) has become, therefore, a new active option in advanced gastric cancer in selected patients in good condition. Further randomised trials are therefore to be designed to further improve chemotherapy by modifying and optimising the chemotherapy regimens, and investigating novel treatment combinations. The addition of biological agents to the optimal chemotherapy regimen may achieve further improvements in efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Cutsem
- Digestive Oncology Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Shin JW, Lee MM, Son JY, Lee NH, Cho CK, Chung WK, Cho JH, Son CG. Myelophil, a mixture of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix extract, moderates toxic side effects of fluorouracil in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:2323-8. [PMID: 18416457 PMCID: PMC2705085 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Myelophil, an extract containing Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, for reducing complications induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a gastrointestinal cancer model.
METHODS: We injected 5-FU into mice and then administered Myelophil to examine the ability of the drug to treat the side effects of 5-FU in mice. Peripheral blood counts, histological examinations, and colony-forming assays of bone marrow were conducted, followed by swimming tests and assessment of survival times.
RESULTS: Myelophil restored red and white blood cells and platelets in blood, and recovered cell density in bone marrow to levels comparable to those observed within the control group. In addition, Myelophil significantly increased colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and CFU-erythroid (CFU-E) compared to the control group. We confirmed that interleukin-3 gene expression was upregulated by Myelophil in spleen cells. Myelophil administration also doubled the survival rate of mice that were severely myelosuppressed as a result of 5-FU injection at a lethal dose of 70%. Finally, the swimming performance of mice significantly improved as a result of Myelophil treatment.
CONCLUSION: These results provide experimental evidence in support of clinical applications of Myelophil to minimize 5-FU-induced myelosuppression and improve general post-chemotherapy health.
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Lee HJ, Cho DY, Park JC, Bae SB, Lee KT, Cho IS, Han CS, Park SY, Yun HJ, Kim S. Phase II trial of biweekly paclitaxel plus infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with advanced or recurrent inoperable gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 63:427-32. [PMID: 18415100 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy with biweekly paclitaxel plus infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Chemonaive patients with histologically confirmed advanced or recurrent inoperable gastric cancer were enrolled in the present study. Treatment consisted of paclitaxel (75 mg/m(2)) and leucovorin (40 mg/m(2)) as a 2-h intravenous infusion, followed by 5-fluorouracil (2,400 mg/m(2)) as a 46-h continuous infusion. Cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled in this study. There were 12 partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 40.0%. At a median follow-up of 10.6 months, the median time to progression and median overall survival were 3.9 and 8.8 months, respectively. The most common hematological toxicity was grade 1-2 anemia, which was seen in 83.3% of patients. No grade 4 leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia was noted. The most common non-hematological toxicity was anorexia, which was seen in 70% of patients, although grade 3 anorexia was noted in only 10% of cases. There was no severe treatment-related morbidity or death. CONCLUSION Combination chemotherapy consisting of biweekly paclitaxel plus infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin was effective and well tolerated in patients with advanced gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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Seo HY, Kim DS, Choi YS, Sung HJ, Park KH, Choi IK, Kim SJ, Oh SC, Seo JH, Choi CW, Kim BS, Shin SW, Kim YH, Kim JS. Treatment outcomes of oxaliplatin, 5-FU, and leucovorin as salvage therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer: a retrospective analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 63:433-9. [PMID: 18398608 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed a single-institution retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin (LV) combination chemotherapy as salvage treatment in patients with metastatic or advanced gastric cancer. METHODS Sixty-two patients with advanced gastric cancer previously treated were eligible for the study. Patients received oxaliplatin 100 mg/m(2) and LV 100 mg/m(2) (2-h intravenous infusion) followed by 5-FU 2,400 mg/m(2) (46-h continuous infusion) every 2 weeks, and responses were assessed after every three cycles. RESULTS Fifty-nine out of 62 patients were assessable for response. Among them, 46 patients had previously been treated with cisplatin based chemotherapy. Patients had a median age of 57 years (range 32-76 years), 72.6% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Total 296 courses of chemotherapy were administered as second-line (67.7%) or third-line (27.4%), and the median courses per patient was three cycles. Out of 59 evaluable patients, 14 partial responses were observed (overall response rate, 22.6%). Stable disease was observed in 22 patients (35.5%), and progressive disease in 23 patients (37.1%). The median response duration, time to progression, and overall survival were 2.3, 3.0, and 8.0 months, respectively. The major toxicities were neutropenia, mucositis, and peripheral neuropathy. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities included neutropenia in nine patients (14.5%) and thrombocytopenia in one patient (1.6%). Other grade 3 or 4 toxicities included mucositis in one patient (1.6%) and vomiting in two patients (3.2%). Grade 1 or 2 peripheral neuropathy were observed in 18 patients (29.0%), however there were no cases of grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy and no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION The combination of oxaliplatin, 5-FU and LV was effective and safe salvage chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Seo
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Quek R, Teck Lim W, Fong Foo K, Hsin Koo W, A-Manaf A, Chong Toh H. Capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) is safe and effective in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Acta Oncol 2008; 46:1032-4. [PMID: 17917832 DOI: 10.1080/02841860701253060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wei J, Zou Z, Qian X, Ding Y, Xie L, Sanchez JJ, Zhao Y, Feng J, Ling Y, Liu Y, Yu L, Rosell R, Liu B. ERCC1 mRNA levels and survival of advanced gastric cancer patients treated with a modified FOLFOX regimen. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1398-402. [PMID: 18362936 PMCID: PMC2361707 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular markers involved in DNA repair can help to predict survival in gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU plus platinum chemotherapy. Excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA expression levels were assessed in advanced gastric cancer tumour samples using real-time quantitative PCR in 76 patients treated with a modified FOLFOX (biweekly oxaliplatin plus 5-FU and folinic acid) regimen. Median survival time in patients with low ERCC1 levels was significantly longer than in those with high levels (15.8 vs 6.2 months; P<0.0001). Patients with high TS levels had longer survival than those with low levels (12.2 vs 10.1 months; P=0.01). Forty-eight patients with low ERCC1 and high TS levels had a median survival of 16.1 months (P<0.0001). The hazard ratio for patients with high ERCC1 expression was 9.4 (P<0.0001). In patients with high mRNA levels of ERCC1, alternative chemotherapy regimens should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Department of Oncology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Al-Batran SE, Hartmann JT, Probst S, Schmalenberg H, Hollerbach S, Hofheinz R, Rethwisch V, Seipelt G, Homann N, Wilhelm G, Schuch G, Stoehlmacher J, Derigs HG, Hegewisch-Becker S, Grossmann J, Pauligk C, Atmaca A, Bokemeyer C, Knuth A, Jäger E. Phase III Trial in Metastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma with Fluorouracil, Leucovorin Plus Either Oxaliplatin or Cisplatin: A Study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:1435-42. [PMID: 18349393 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.13.9378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 547] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to compare fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with previously untreated advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction were randomly assigned to receive either fluorouracil 2,600 mg/m2 via 24-hour infusion, leucovorin 200 mg/m2, and oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 (FLO) every 2 weeks or fluorouracil 2,000 mg/m2 via 24-hour infusion, leucovorin 200 mg/m2 weekly, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 every 2 weeks (FLP). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Results Two hundred twenty patients (median age, 64 years; metastatic, 94%) were randomly assigned. FLO was associated with significantly less (any grade) anemia (54% v 72%), nausea (53% v 70%), vomiting (31% v 52%), alopecia (22% v 39%), fatigue (19% v 34%), renal toxicity (11% v 34%), thromboembolic events (0.9% v 7.8%), and serious adverse events related to the treatment (9% v 19%). FLP was associated with significantly less peripheral neuropathy (22% v 63%). There was a trend toward improved median PFS with FLO versus FLP (5.8 v 3.9 months, respectively; P = .077) and no significant difference in median overall survival (10.7 v 8.8 months, respectively). However, in patients older than 65 years (n = 94), treatment with FLO resulted in significantly superior response rates (41.3% v 16.7%; P = .012), time to treatment failure (5.4 v 2.3 months; P < .001), and PFS (6.0 v 3.1 month; P = .029) and an improved OS (13.9 v 7.2 months) as compared with FLP, respectively. Conclusion FLO reduced toxicity as compared with FLP. In older adult patients, FLO also seemed to be associated with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Joerg Thomas Hartmann
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Stephan Probst
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Harald Schmalenberg
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Stephan Hollerbach
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Ralf Hofheinz
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Volker Rethwisch
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Gernot Seipelt
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Nils Homann
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Gerhard Wilhelm
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Gunter Schuch
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Jan Stoehlmacher
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Hans Günter Derigs
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Susanna Hegewisch-Becker
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Johannes Grossmann
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Akin Atmaca
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Alexander Knuth
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
| | - Elke Jäger
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology South West Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Städtische Kliniken, Bielefeld; Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum, Jena; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Celle; III. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim,
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Zhu X, Leaw J, Gu W, Qian Y, Du H, Wang B, Hong X, Yin J. Phase II clinical trial of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer based on continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil combined with epirubicin and oxaliplatin. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:929-36. [PMID: 18343948 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of systematic treatment of unresectable advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (A/MGC) based on EOF5 regimen (the combination of epirubicin, oxaliplatin and 5-day continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients (18 males, 8 females; age range, 35-72 years) with histologically confirmed metastatic (n = 23) or unresectable advanced (n = 3) gastric adenocarcinoma with (n = 6) or without previous chemotherapy (n = 20) were consented to receive EOF5 (epirubicin 50 mg/m(2) and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) on day 1, followed by continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil 375-425 mg/m(2) day(-1) on day 1-5), and the treatment cycle was repeated every 3 weeks. Responses to treatment and toxicity were evaluated every 2 cycles. RESULTS In the first-line treatment group of 20 patients, complete (CR) and partial (PR) remission were observed in two (10%) and six (30%) patients, respectively with an overall response rate of 40%). Eleven (55%) patients showed stable (SD) and one (5%) progressive disease (PD). One-year survival rate, time to progression (TTP) and median overall survival (OS) were 45%, 9.7 and 12.5 months, respectively. In the second-line treatment group of six patients, the numbers of CR, PR, SD and PD were 0, 1, 4 and 1, respectively. Symptomatic response rates were 88.2, 76.9, 89.5, and 88.9% for abdominal pain, distention, anorexia and weight loss. The mean Karnofsky performance status score was increased (P < 0.001) and maintained after two and four cycles treatment. The major adverse events were nausea/vomiting, oral mucositis, peripheral neuropathy, phlebitis, constipation and myelosuppression. CTC grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities included leucopenia (7.7%), neutropenia (15.4%), thrombocytopenia (19.2%), and anemia (3.8%). No treatment-related deaths were recorded. CONCLUSIONS EOF5 regimen shows good efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in A/MGC patients, and would be a suitable alternative regimen for this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Cancer institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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129
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130
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Cao ND, Zhao AG, Zhu YJ, Yang JK. Chinese reports on the effect and safety of systemic chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:436-442. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i4.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect and safety of systemic chemotherapy for gastric cancer.
METHODS: Articles on systemic chemotherapy for gastric cancer published in 2002 to 2006 were retrieved using the key word "Gastric Cancer" with the secondary retrieval key word "Treatment" or "Chemotherapy" from "Vip Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals database", then the whole text was read to get all-related information. The data were descriptively analyzed.
RESULTS: There were 274 articles on systemic chemotherapy for gastric cancer, 156 of which were on oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, capecitabine and irinotecan. Among the 134 articles statistically studied, randomized controlled test was reported in 31, median survival time in 53, and median time of tumor progress in 30, respectively. The response rate of FOLFOX4, FOLFOX6, and other oxaliplatin-related regimens was 21.21%-56.00%, 38.78%-61.29%, and 34.09%-66.67%, respectively. The response rate of paclitaxel-, docetaxel- and capecitabine-related regimens was 23.53%-75.00%, 20.00%-66.67%, and 29.17%-71.88%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Drugs and regimens used for gastric cancer are in agreement with the those reported abroad. However, there are certain shortcomings in the design of domestic clinical studies, thus affecting the results of studies.
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131
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Multicenter phase II study of docetaxel plus oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: Daegu Gyeongbuk Oncology Group. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:542-6. [PMID: 18212754 PMCID: PMC2243148 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen of docetaxel plus oxaliplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients with previously untreated metastatic or recurrent, measurable gastric cancer received intravenous docetaxel 65 mg m−2 plus oxaliplatin 120 mg m−2 on day 1 based on a 3-week cycle. Forty-two patients were enrolled in the current study, among whom 39 were assessable for efficacy and all assessable for toxicity. One complete response and 18 partial responses were confirmed, giving an overall response rate of 45.2% (95% confidence interval (CI); 31.7–59.7%). At a median follow-up of 7.7 months, the median time to progression and median overall survival was 5.7 (95% CI; 4.3–7.2) months and 9.9 (95% CI; 7.8–12.0) months, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 11 patients (26.1%) and febrile neutropenia was observed in four patients (9.5%). The common non-haematologic toxicity was fatigue (grade 1/2, 61.9%) and nausea (grade 1/2, 47.7%). The combination of docetaxel and oxaliplatin was found to be well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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132
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Richards D, McCollum D, Wilfong L, Sborov M, Boehm KA, Zhan F, Asmar L. Phase II trial of docetaxel and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer and/or adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:104-8. [PMID: 17897959 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer (GC). This trial explored the efficacy and tolerability of combined docetaxel (Taxotere) + oxaliplatin (DOCOX) in GC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with untreated stage IV GC or adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (AGEJ) received docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) followed by oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 of each 21-day cycle until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end points were response rate (RR), toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Baseline characteristics (N = 71): median age 59 years, 72% male, 51% esophagogastric junction cancer, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of zero, one, two were 42%, 51%, 7%, respectively. The median number of cycles was 6 (range, 1-19). Grades 3-4 toxic effects: neutropenia (70%); vomiting (17%); nausea (16%); dehydration, fatigue, or diarrhea (13%, each); and thrombocytopenia or febrile neutropenia (7%, each). Sixty-six patients completed >/=2 cycles. The RR was 36% with 25 partial response (PR) and no complete responses (CRs); stable disease (SD) was 49%. Clinical benefit rate (CBR = CR + PR + SD >/=6 months) was 40%; median PFS was 4.3 months, and OS was 8.5 months. CONCLUSIONS DOCOX produced manageable toxicity in patients with advanced GC and AGEJ. The confirmed RR of 36%, CBR of 40%, and median survival of 8.5 months are encouraging and comparable to standard front-line regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richards
- US Oncology Research, Inc., Houston, USA.
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133
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Evans D, Miner T, Iannitti D, Akerman P, Cruff D, Maia-Acuna C, Harrington D, Habr F, Chauhan B, Berkenblit A, Stuart K, Sears D, Kennedy T, Safran H. Docetaxel, capecitabine and carboplatin in metastatic esophagogastric cancer: a phase II study. Cancer Invest 2007; 25:445-8. [PMID: 17882656 DOI: 10.1080/07357900701358025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A Phase I investigation of docetaxel, carboplatin, and capecitabine at our institution demonstrated the safety and tolerability of this regimen in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer. The objectives of this Phase II study were to determine the response rate, toxicity, and survival for patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer treated with this regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemotherapy naïve patients with metastatic esophageal or gastric cancer received a regimen comprised of docetaxel 40 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8, carboplatin AUC = 2, Days 1 and 8, and capecitabine 2000 mg/m(2), Days 1-10 in 21-Day cycles. Patients were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were treated with a median of 4 cycles of chemotherapy. Twelve of 25 patients (48 percent) had a Grade 3/4 toxicity. There were no Grade 4 nonhematologic toxicities, and 1 patient (4 percent) had neutropenic fever. There were 3 complete responses, and 9 partial responses, for an overall response rate of 48 percent. The median survival was 8 months (95% confidence interval, 5.5-13 months), and the 1-year survival was 36 percent. CONCLUSIONS Weekly docetaxel and carboplatin with capecitabine was an easily administered outpatient regimen. The response rate and 1-year survival were similar to more complex regimens. Future trials may investigate the substitution of carboplatin with more active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Evans
- The Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA
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134
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Yoshida K, Ninomiya M, Takakura N, Hirabayashi N, Takiyama W, Sato Y, Todo S, Terashima M, Gotoh M, Sakamoto J, Nishiyama M. Phase II study of docetaxel and S-1 combination therapy for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:3402-7. [PMID: 16740764 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel in combination with a novel oral 5-fluorouracil analogue S-1 for patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with advanced or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the stomach and up to one previous chemotherapy regimen were treated with i.v. docetaxel 40 mg/m2 on day 1 and oral S-1 80 mg/m2/d on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks. RESULTS Forty-eight patients (median age, 65 years; range, 25-75 years) received a total of 272 treatment cycles (median, 4; range, 1-17). No complete responses and 27 partial responses were observed for an overall response rate of 56.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 38-66%]. Eighteen patients (37.5%) had stable disease and three patients (6.3%) had progressive disease as best response. The tumor control rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease) was 93.8% (95% CI, 83-98%). Median overall survival was 14.3 months (95% CI, 10.7-20.3 months) and median time to tumor progression was 7.3 months (95% CI, 4.3-10.0 months). The most common grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicities were neutropenia (58.3%), leukopenia (41.7%), febrile neutropenia (8.3%), and anemia (8.3%). The most common grade 3 nonhematologic toxicities included anorexia (14.6%), stomatitis (8.3%), and nausea (6.3%). No grade 4 nonhematologic toxicities were reported and all treatment-related toxicities were resolved. CONCLUSION Docetaxel/S-1 combination is highly active and well tolerated in advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Further investigation in randomized studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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135
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Dupont J, Jensen HA, Jensen BV, Pfeiffer P. Phase I study of short-time oxaliplatin, capecitabine and epirubicin (EXE) as first line therapy in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer. Acta Oncol 2007; 46:330-5. [PMID: 17450468 DOI: 10.1080/02841860600949578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A phase I trial of short-time oxaliplatin (E), capecitabine (X) and epirubicin (E) for patients with metastatic gastric cancer was initiated to establish the recommended dose for further therapy with short-time EXE. Patients received out-patient therapy with a fixed dose of epirubicin 50 mg/m2 day 1; escalating doses of capecitabine (1,000 to 1,250 mg/m2/day continuously) and escalating doses of oxaliplatin (85 to 130 mg/m2 day 1 as a 30 minutes infusion). Cycles were repeated every 21 days for a maximum of 8 cycles. From June 2003 to June 2004, 31 patients were treated. Median age was 61 years (39-75 years), and median performance status was 0 (0-2). At level 3, one of six patients developed DLT and at dose level 4, two of six patients developed DLT (both patients had grade 4 hematological toxicities) and thus further dose escalation was not attempted. Median number of cycles was 6 (1-8), median survival was 9.2 months and median TTP was 7.5 months. A combination of epirubicin 50 mg/m2 day 1, capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 continuously and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 day 1 each 3 weeks is an easily administered and well tolerated out-patient regimen for patients with non-resectable gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Dupont
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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136
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Oh SY, Kwon HC, Seo BG, Kim SH, Kim JS, Kim HJ. A phase II study of oxaliplatin with low dose leucovorin and bolus and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (modified FOLFOX-4) as first line therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Acta Oncol 2007; 46:336-41. [PMID: 17450469 DOI: 10.1080/02841860600791483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine the activity and toxicities of a low dose leucovorin (ldLV) plus fluorouracil (5-FU) regimen, combined with oxaliplatin administered fortnightly (modified FOLFOX-4), as a first-line therapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients were treated with cycles of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on day 1 plus LV 20 mg/m2, followed by 5-FU a 400 mg/m2 bolus and a 22 hour continuous infusion of 600 mg/m2 5-FU on days 1 - 2 every two week intervals. Forty-five patients were enrolled in this study. Forty-two patients were assessable for response. One of the 42 patients demonstrated complete response, and 20 partial responses, and overall response rate of 50%. The median time to progression and overall survival time were 7.7 months (95% CI: 3.6 - 11.9 months) and 11.2 months (95% CI: 9.1 - 13.3 months), respectively. Major hematologic toxicities included grade 1 - 2 anemia (39.7%), neutropenia (30.4%) and grade 3 - 4 neutropenia (10.9%). Twelve cycles were associated with neutropenic fever. The most common non-hematological toxicities were grade 2 nausea/vomiting (20%). There was no treatment related death. The modified FOLFOX-4 regimen was found to be a safe and effective first line therapy in advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yong Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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137
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Choi IS, Oh DY, Kim BS, Lee KW, Kim JH, Lee JS. Oxaliplatin, 5-FU, folinic acid as first-line palliative chemotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2007; 39:99-103. [PMID: 19746224 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2007.39.3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the efficacy and safety of a combination of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and folinic acid (FA) as first-line palliative chemotherapy for elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study patients were chemotherapy-naïve patients (> 65 years old) with histologically confirmed, metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer. Chemotherapy consisted of oxaliplatin 100 mg/m(2) and FA 100 mg/m(2) (2-hour infusion), and then 5-FU 2400 mg/m(2) (46-hour continuous infusion) every 2 weeks. RESULTS A total of 37 patients were studied between April 2004 and October 2006. Of the 34 evaluable patients, none achieved a complete response (CR) and 14 achieved a partial response (PR), resulting in an overall response rate of 41.2%. The median time to progression (TTP) was 5.7 months (95% CI: 4.2~6.3 months) and the median overall survival (OS) was 9.8 months (95% CI: 4.4~12.0 months). The main hematologic toxicities were anemia and neutropenia, which were observed in 56.7% and 32.4% of the patients, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 8.1% of the patients. None of the patients experienced febrile neutropenia. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 35.1% of the patients and all were grade 1/2. CONCLUSION This oxaliplatin/5-FU/FA regimen showed good efficacy and an acceptable toxicity profile in elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sil Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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138
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Roth AD, Fazio N, Stupp R, Falk S, Bernhard J, Saletti P, Köberle D, Borner MM, Rufibach K, Maibach R, Wernli M, Leslie M, Glynne-Jones R, Widmer L, Seymour M, de Braud F. Docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil; docetaxel and cisplatin; and epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil as systemic treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma: a randomized phase II trial of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3217-23. [PMID: 17664469 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.08.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This randomized phase II trial evaluated two docetaxel-based regimens to see which would be most promising according to overall response rate (ORR) for comparison in a phase III trial with epirubicin-cisplatin-fluorouracil (ECF) as first-line advanced gastric cancer therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Chemotherapy-naïve patients with measurable unresectable and/or metastatic gastric carcinoma, a performance status <or= 1, and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function randomly received <or= eight 3-weekly cycles of ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m(2) on day 1, cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) on day 1, and fluorouracil [FU] 200 mg/m(2)/d on days 1 to 21), TC (docetaxel initially 85 mg/m(2) on day 1 [later reduced to 75 mg/m(2) as a result of toxicity] and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on day 1), or TCF (TC plus FU 300 mg/m(2)/d on days 1 to 14). Study objectives included response (primary), survival, toxicity, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS ORR was 25.0% (95% CI, 13% to 41%) for ECF, 18.5% (95% CI, 9% to 34%) for TC, and 36.6% (95% CI, 23% to 53%) for TCF (n = 119). Median overall survival times were 8.3, 11.0, and 10.4 months for ECF, TC, and TCF, respectively. Toxicity was acceptable, with one toxic death (TC arm). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in more treatment cycles with docetaxel (TC, 49%; TCF, 57%; ECF, 34%). Global health status/QOL substantially improved with ECF and remained similar to baseline with both docetaxel regimens. CONCLUSION Time to response and ORR favor TCF over TC for further evaluation, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting. A trend towards increased myelosuppression and infectious complications with TCF versus TC or ECF was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D Roth
- Department of Oncosurgery, Oncosurgery Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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139
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Di Lauro L, Nunziata C, Arena MG, Foggi P, Sperduti I, Lopez M. Irinotecan, docetaxel and oxaliplatin combination in metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:593-7. [PMID: 17667920 PMCID: PMC2360369 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase II study was designed to evaluate the activity and safety of a combination of irinotecan, docetaxel and oxaliplatin in metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Forty patients with measurable distant metastasis received irinotecan 150 mg m(-2) and docetaxel 60 mg m(-2) on day 1, and oxaliplatin 85 mg m(-2) on day 2. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. The primary end point was to demonstrate a 50% improvement in time-to-progression (TTP) over historical controls. All patients were evaluable. Median TTP was 6.5 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.6-7.4), the overall response rate was 50% (95% CI 35-65%) and the median overall survival was 11.5 months (95% CI 8.7-14.3). Grade 3/4 neutropaenia occurred in 47.5% of patients. There were four episodes of febrile neutropaenia in three patients. Other non-haematological grade 3 toxicities included diarrhoea in four patients (10%), vomiting in three patients (7.5%) and mucositis in two patients (5%). The irinotecan, docetaxel and oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy is an active and well-tolerated novel regimen for treating metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma and deserves further evaluation in randomised trials and in combination with molecular targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, 'Regina Elena' Institute for Cancer Research, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, Rome 00144, Italy.
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140
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Barone C, Basso M, Schinzari G, Pozzo C, Trigila N, D'Argento E, Quirino M, Astone A, Cassano A. Docetaxel and oxaliplatin combination in second-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2007; 10:104-11. [PMID: 17577620 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-007-0415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In advanced gastric cancer few data are available on the efficacy or safety of new drug combination regimens after progression following first-line chemotherapy. METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed advanced gastric cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) less than 2, progressing after first-line chemotherapy, were eligible. Patients were treated with docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 and oxaliplatin 80 mg/m(2) on day 2, every 3 weeks, until progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS Between May 2002 and April 2005, 38 patients were enrolled. Men accounted for 73.7% of the patients and the median age was 59 years. The primary tumor was not resected in 47.4% of the patients; the peritoneum was the most frequent metastatic site (60.5%). The first-line treatment was cisplatin, epirubicin, and infusional 5-fluorouracil (ECF) in 81.5% of the patients and cisplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil (CF) in 15.7%. The median number of cycles was 4.3. The treatment was well tolerated, with no toxic deaths. National Cancer Institute (NCI) grade III-IV neutropenia was frequent (26.3%), but no febrile neutropenia was reported. Severe asthenia (15.7%) and severe nausea (15.7%) required dose reductions in 2 patients and treatment discontinuation in another. The overall response rate was 10.5%, and 18 patients (47.3%) experienced disease stabilization (7 of them with significant clinical benefit). Median time to progression was 4.0 months (range, 2-8 months) and median overall survival was 8.1 months (range, 3-26 months). Thirteen patients (34.2%) also received third-line chemotherapy, with an irinotecan-containing regimen, and their median overall survival was higher than that of the other patients (16.3 vs 6.0 months) CONCLUSION The combination of oxaliplatin and docetaxel shows only marginal activity as second-line treatment, but it has a good tolerability profile. This suggests that there is room for optimizing the schedule as well as for planning sequential treatments in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Barone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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141
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Evans D, Miner T, Akerman P, Millis R, Jean M, Kennedy T, Safran H. A Phase I Study of Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin, and Capecitabine in Patients With Metastatic Gastroesophageal Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2007; 30:346-9. [PMID: 17762433 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e318042d582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Docetaxel, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin are important new agents in esophagogastric cancer. The Brown University Oncology Group initiated a phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of weekly docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine. METHODS Patients with metastatic esophageal and gastric cancers received docetaxel and oxaliplatin on days 1 and 8 and capecitabine in divided doses, twice daily, on days 1 to 10, with each cycle repeated every 21 days. Patients were enrolled in cohorts of 3 at escalating dose levels. The docetaxel dose ranged from 30 to 35 mg/m2, the oxaliplatin dose from 40 to 50 mg/m2, and the capecitabine dose from 750 to 850 mg/m2 BID. RESULTS Sixteen patients were enrolled over 4 dose levels. The median age was 59 years. Eight patients had esophageal cancer and 9 had gastric cancer. Grade 3/4 dose-limiting toxicities of diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, and febrile neutropenia occurred in 3 of 4 patients at dose level 3. An intermediate dose level was added (2A), reducing the capecitabine dose to 750 mg/m2. One of 6 patients had a dose-limiting toxicity at level 2A. CONCLUSIONS Oxaliplatin 50 mg/m2 and docetaxel 30 mg/m2 day 1 and 8 with capecitabine 750 mg/m2 BID for 10 days in 21-day cycles may represent a promising, easily administered regimen for metastatic esophageal and gastric cancer. A phase II study will be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Evans
- Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, RI, USA.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is an aggressive malignancy, which, if metastatic or unresectable, is incurable. However, with metastatic or unresectable disease, patients receive a palliative benefit from chemotherapy. Although the understanding of the biology of this disease is increasing, the development of biologically targeted therapies for gastric cancer has been limited. Cytotoxic therapy remains the standard approach, and although there is agreement on the active agents and active combination chemotherapy regimens, consensus on the standard or reference regimen is lacking. This article reviews the pathophysiology of this disease, placing it in the context of its epidemiology, and the current advances in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the Weil School of Medicine of Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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143
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De Vita F, Giuliani F, Orditura M, Maiello E, Galizia G, Di Martino N, Montemurro F, Cartenì G, Manzione L, Romito S, Gebbia V, Ciardiello F, Catalano G, Colucci G. Adjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide regimen in resected gastric cancer patients: a randomized phase III trial by the Gruppo Oncologico Italia Meridionale (GOIM 9602 Study). Ann Oncol 2007; 18:1354-8. [PMID: 17525087 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized, multicenter, phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of epirubicin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide (ELFE regimen) as adjuvant therapy for radically resected gastric cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS From June 1996 to June 2001, 228 stage IB-IIIB gastric cancer patients were enrolled. All patients received a total or subtotal gastrectomy with at least a D1 lymphoadenectomy and were randomly assigned to receive surgery alone or surgery followed by chemotherapy. RESULTS A total number of 630 cycles was delivered with a median number of 5. With a median follow-up of 60 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 48% in the treatment arm and 43.5% in the control arm [hazard ratio (HR) 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-1.21; P = 0.610); the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 44% in the treatment arm and 39% in the control arm (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78-0.91; P = 0.305). In node-positive patients, the 5-year OS was 41% in the treatment arm and 34% in the control arm (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.69-1.01; P = 0.068), while the 5-year DFS was 39% in the treatment arm and 31% in the control arm (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78-0.91; P = 0.051). The most common grade 3-4 toxic effects according to World Health Organization criteria were hematological and gastrointestinal. CONCLUSIONS In radically resected gastric cancer patients, adjuvant chemotherapy with ELFE regimen does not improve OS over surgery alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Second University, Napoli, Italy.
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144
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Zhang CX, Huang S, Xu N, Fang JW, Shen P, Bao YH, Mou BH, Shi MG, Zhong XL, Xiong PJ. Phase II study of epirubicin plus oxaliplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil as first-line combination therapy in patients with metastatic or advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:581-6. [PMID: 17414627 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3280146296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an epirubicin, oxaliplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil combination in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients with previously untreated advanced measurable gastric cancer received epirubicin (50 mg/m2, day 1), oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2 2-h infusion, day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (750 mg/m2, 24-h infusion, day 1-3) every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint of this phase II study was the response rate according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Out of 48 patients, 46 were evaluable for efficacy and 48 for toxicity. A median of five cycles (range 1-6) was administered. The overall best response rate was 47.8% (95% confidence interval 33-63%) including 2.2% complete responses and 45.6% partial responses. The median time for progression and median overall survival was 5 (95% confidence interval 4.1-5.9) and 11 months (95% confidence interval 8.1-13.9), respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and leukocytopenia were observed in 25 and 12.5% of patients, respectively. Grade 3/4 nonhematological toxicities included nausea (6.3%), vomiting (14.6%), neurological toxicity (10.4%) and mucositis (2.1%). The epirubicin, oxaliplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil regimen was effective and well tolerated as a front-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic or advanced gastric cancer, and should be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen X Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PRC
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145
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Oh SC, Sur HY, Sung HJ, Choi IK, Park SS, Seo JH, Jeen YT, Chun HJ, Shin SW, Mok YJ, Kim JS, Kim YH. A phase II study of biweekly dose-intensified oral capecitabine plus irinotecan (bXELIRI) for patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1514-9. [PMID: 17473829 PMCID: PMC2359951 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-FU, has been reported to generate maximal tumour activity at tumour sites and/or to improve drug tolerability as compared with 5-FU infusion, and it has also been demonstrated to act synergistically with irinotecan against some solid cancers. A previous study concluded that dose-intensified biweekly capecitabine seems to be more effective at increasing both response rate and progression-free survival time than conventional dose and schedule of capecitabine in colon cancer. We conducted this study to ascertain the efficacy and toxicity of dose-intensified biweekly capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy in chemotherapy-naïve advanced or metastatic gastric cancer patients. Patients were treated with irinotecan 130 mg m−2 intravenously for 90 min on days 1 and 15. Capecitabine at 3500 mg m−2 day−1, divided into two sessions per day, was administered for seven consecutive days from days 1 and 15, and followed by a 7-day drug-free period, respectively. Fifty-five eligible patients were enrolled in this study from November 2003 to April 2006. There were 22 women and 33 men: median patient age was 54 years (range: 27–81). A total of 200 treatment cycles were administered at a median number of four per patient (range: 1–9). Intent-to-treatment analysis showed that one patient achieved complete response (1.8%), 23 partial response (41.8%), 15 stable disease (27.3%), 10 progressive disease (18.2%) and 6 were non-evaluable (10.9%). The overall response rate was 43.6% (95% confidence interval: 30.2–56.9). The common grade 3–4 toxicities were neutropenia in 12 (21.8%), nausea/vomiting in 3 (5.4%) and diarrhea in 4 (7.2%) patients. Median time to progression was 5 months (range: 0.5–11 months), median survival duration was 11 months (range: 0.5–45 months) and median response duration was 6 months (range: 0.5–9 months). Biweekly dose-intensified capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy was active for the treatment of advanced or metastatic gastric cancers with a tolerable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Oh
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - H Y Sur
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - H J Sung
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - I K Choi
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - S S Park
- Department of General Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - J H Seo
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Y T Jeen
- Section of Gastrointestinal Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - H J Chun
- Section of Gastrointestinal Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - S W Shin
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Y J Mok
- Department of General Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
- E-mail:
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146
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Petrioli R, Pascucci A, Francini E, Marsili S, Sciandivasci A, Tassi R, Civitelli S, Tanzini G, Lorenzi M, Francini G. Neurotoxicity of FOLFOX-4 as adjuvant treatment for patients with colon and gastric cancer: a randomized study of two different schedules of oxaliplatin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:105-11. [PMID: 17429632 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dose limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin (l-HOP) is neurotoxicity, which is characterized by an acute neuropathy and a clinically distinct chronic neuropathy. This randomized study evaluated if prolonged l-HOP infusion over the conventional l-HOP schedule was useful in reducing acute and possibly chronic l-HOP induced neurotoxicity in colon and gastric cancer patients receiving l-HOP-based regimen as adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to group A (26 colon and 6 gastric cancer) and to group B (23 colon and 9 gastric cancer). Chemotherapy in both groups consisted of l-HOP 85 mg/m(2) i.v. only on day 1, with leucovorin 100 mg/m(2) i.v. as a 2-h infusion followed by bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m(2)/day and a 22-h infusion of 5-FU 600 mg/m(2)/day, repeated for two consecutive days every 2 weeks for a maximum of 12 cycles. Patients in group A received l-HOP as a continuous 6-h i.v. infusion, and patients in group B received l-HOP as the conventional 2-h i.v. infusion. RESULTS The percentage of patients presenting with grade >/=2 neurotoxicity was statistically lower in group A than in group B (28.1% vs. 59.3%: P = 0.02). There was a statistically lower percentage of cycles with grade >/=2 neurotoxicity in group A (6.1%) than in group B (18.5%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that l-HOP as a continuous 6-h infusion is useful in preventing and reducing acute l-HOP induced neurotoxicity in patients with colon and gastric cancer receiving FOLFOX-4 regimen as adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Petrioli
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
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147
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Ghosn M, Farhat F, Kattan J, Younes F, Moukadem W, Nasr F, Chahine G. FOLFOX-6 combination as the first-line treatment of locally advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2007; 30:15-20. [PMID: 17278889 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000235997.18657.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced pancreatic carcinoma (APC) has a poor prognosis and chemotherapy remains the most common approach. Gemcitabine was the only drug recently approved for use as single agent therapy in APC. However, the combination of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has shown some promising results. This phase II trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of oxaliplatin, 5-FU, and folinic acid (FOLFOX-6) in previously untreated APC patients. METHODS We studied response rate, time to progression, and toxicity profile. Treatment included oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 and folinic acid 400 mg/m2 on day 1 followed by a 5-FU bolus 400 mg/m2 and a 46-hour infusion of 3000 mg/m2 every 2 weeks. RESULTS From January 2003 through December 2004, 30 eligible patients were included. Median age was 65 (range, 38-75). There were 22 patients who had metastatic disease and 29 had an adenocarcinoma. A total of 181 cycles were delivered with a mean of 6 cycles per patient. There were 23 patients evaluable for response. There were 8 patients with partial response (27.6% response rate) and 10 with stable disease status (34.5%), while tumor growth control was found in 62% of the patients. Recorded toxicities of grade 3/4 were: neutropenia (26.67%), thrombocytopenia and anemia (10% each), diarrhea (6.67%), and mucositis (3.33%). Neurosensory toxicity was mild. The median time to progression and the median survival were 4 and 7.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSION In patients with APC, FOLFOX-6 regimen achieved an interesting response rate within a tolerable level of toxicity. This regimen seems to warrant further controlled investigation to confirm its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Ghosn
- Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
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148
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Rivera F, Vega-Villegas ME, López-Brea MF. Chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2007; 33:315-24. [PMID: 17376598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most frequent cancer in the world. Approximately 84% of patients with gastric cancer will have advanced disease and median survival of these patients without chemotherapy is only 3-4 months. "Classical" chemotherapy regimens, mainly CF (cisplatin plus infusional 5FU) and ECF (cisplatin plus infusional 5FU plus Epirubicin) obtain responses in 20-40% of the patients and improve quality of life. Nevertheless, duration of these responses is short with very few complete responses. Median time to tumor progression (TTP) with these regimens is only about 4-5 months and median survival does not exceed 7-10 months. Moreover, benefit seems to be limited to patients with good performance status and treatment toxicity and discomfort are not negligible, specially that of regimens with cisplatin or infusional 5FU. Trying to improve these results, the incorporation of new drugs has been explored. Among the new combinations, the more developed ones are those with Docetaxel (DCF), oxaliplatin (EOX, FLO), Capecitabine (EOX, cisplatin-Xeloda) and irinotecan (ILF). We have final results from Phase III trials that suggest that all these regimens could have a role in the treatment of these patients but survival is still very poor and toxicity remains important. It would be interesting to investigate other new combinations and the incorporation of drugs directed against new therapeutic targets in this setting. It would be of utmost interest that these clinical trials would also explore clinical and molecular prognostic and predictive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rivera
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n 39008 Santander, Spain.
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149
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Al-Batran SE, Kerber A, Atmaca A, Dechow C, Reitsamer E, Schmidt S, Kolassa Y, Neumann A, Weidmann E, Hartmann JT, Jäger E. Mitomycin C, 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin as a Salvage Therapy for Patients with Cisplatin-Resistant Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Phase I Dose Escalation Trial. Oncol Res Treat 2007; 30:29-34. [PMID: 17264523 DOI: 10.1159/000097768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at evaluating the feasibility and toxicity of a salvage therapy with mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin, and oxaliplatin in patients with cisplatin-resistant advanced gastric cancer. METHODS A 3-patient cohort dose-escalating study design was used. The patients received FLO: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, 5-FU 2,600 mg/m2 (24 h), leucovorin 200 mg/m2 on days 1, 15, and 29 plus MMC on day 1 (FLOM). The MMC dose was escalated from 6 to 12 mg/m2 in 2- mg/m2 steps. Cycles were repeated every 6 weeks. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled in 4 treatment cohorts. The treatment was well tolerated with grade 3 or 4 nonhematological toxicities affecting less than 5% of patients. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were observed in 9 (45%), 7 (35%), and 5 (25%) of 20 patients, respectively. Mild but prolonged thrombocytopenia was dose limiting, requiring treatment discontinuation or a treatment delay >or=2 weeks in 8 (40%) of 20 patients. MMC 10 mg/m2 every 6 weeks was considered as the optimal dose in combination with FLO. Objective responses were observed in 7 (35%) of 20 patients, and 7 further patients (35%) had stable disease. Median time to progression and overall survival were 4.1 and 8 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged cumulative myelotoxicity was dose limiting in the therapy with MMC, 5-FU, and oxaliplatin. This combination chemotherapy seems to overcome cisplatin resistance in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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150
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Abstract
Docetaxel is part of the standard chemotherapy in breast, non-small cell lung cancer and androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer and has recently been approved for advanced gastric cancer. It demonstrated promising single-agent efficacy in gastric cancer and was therefore investigated in different combination regimens. The combination of docetaxel with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine, irinotecan or cisplatin demonstrated high efficacy. The triple combination of docetaxel/cisplatin and 5-FU (DCF) was investigated in randomized Phase II trials and a randomized Phase III study (TAX325). In TAX325, DCF demonstrated superiority in terms of time to tumor progression, response rate and survival against a cisplatin/5-FU combination. Docetaxel was therefore approved for advanced gastric cancer by the US FDA and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products and will evolve as an integral part of routine combination regimens against gastric cancer. This review will discuss and interpret the different Phase II and III trials of docetaxel in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Thuss-Patience
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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