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Long-term outcomes of adult medulloblastoma patients treated with radiotherapy. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:95-104. [PMID: 29019042 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is rare in adults and treatment guidelines are consequently not well-established. Few modern series have reported long-term follow-up and treatment sequelae. We examined long-term outcomes of adult MB patients at one institution. Records of 29 consecutive patients (18 male, 11 female) aged ≥ 18 years who received radiotherapy (RT) for primary MB from 1990 to 2016 were reviewed. Median age at diagnosis was 28 years (range 18-72 years). Seventeen patients were standard risk and 12 were high risk. Nineteen patients had gross total resection, seven had subtotal resection, and three had biopsy only. Median craniospinal irradiation and boost doses were 36 Gy (range 23.4-39.6 Gy) and 55.8 Gy (range 54-59.4 Gy), respectively. Of 24 patients receiving chemotherapy, 20 received concurrent + adjuvant and 4 received adjuvant only. At median follow-up of 9.0 years (range 1.1-20.5 years), five patients recurred: four in the posterior fossa and one in both the posterior fossa and above the tentorium. Five patients died: two of disease progression and three after possible treatment complications (seizure, lobar pneumonia, and multifactorial sepsis). At last follow-up, 23 patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Long-term effects include executive dysfunction (n = 17), weakness/ataxia (n = 16), and depression/anxiety (n = 13). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 10-year overall survival and failure-free survival are 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 59-93%) and 79% (CI 55-91%), respectively. Despite encouraging disease control in this cohort, long-term sequelae may limit quality of life. Multimodality pediatric regimens using lower RT doses may be considered to reduce treatment-related morbidity.
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102
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Keil VC, Warmuth-Metz M, Reh C, Enkirch SJ, Reinert C, Beier D, Jones DTW, Pietsch T, Schild HH, Hattingen E, Hau P. Imaging Biomarkers for Adult Medulloblastomas: Genetic Entities May Be Identified by Their MR Imaging Radiophenotype. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1892-1898. [PMID: 28798218 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The occurrence of medulloblastomas in adults is rare; nevertheless, these tumors can be subdivided into genetic and histologic entities each having distinct prognoses. This study aimed to identify MR imaging biomarkers to classify these entities and to uncover differences in MR imaging biomarkers identified in pediatric medulloblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible preoperative MRIs from 28 patients (11 women; 22-53 years of age) of the Multicenter Pilot-study for the Therapy of Medulloblastoma of Adults (NOA-7) cohort were assessed by 3 experienced neuroradiologists. Lesions and perifocal edema were volumetrized and multiparametrically evaluated for classic morphologic characteristics, location, hydrocephalus, and Chang criteria. To identify MR imaging biomarkers, we correlated genetic entities sonic hedgehog (SHH) TP53 wild type, wingless (WNT), and non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastomas (in adults, Group 4), and histologic entities were correlated with the imaging criteria. These MR imaging biomarkers were compared with corresponding data from a pediatric study. RESULTS There were 19 SHH TP53 wild type (69%), 4 WNT-activated (14%), and 5 Group 4 (17%) medulloblastomas. Six potential MR imaging biomarkers were identified, 3 of which, hydrocephalus (P = .03), intraventricular macrometastases (P = .02), and hemorrhage (P = .04), when combined, could identify WNT medulloblastoma with 100% sensitivity and 88.3% specificity (95% CI, 39.8%-100.0% and 62.6%-95.3%). WNT-activated nuclear β-catenin accumulating medulloblastomas were smaller than the other entities (95% CI, 5.2-22.3 cm3 versus 35.1-47.6 cm3; P = .03). Hemorrhage was exclusively present in non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastomas (P = .04; n = 2/5). MR imaging biomarkers were all discordant from those identified in the pediatric cohort. Desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastomas were more rarely in contact with the fourth ventricle (4/15 versus 7/13; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS MR imaging biomarkers can help distinguish histologic and genetic medulloblastoma entities in adults and appear to be different from those identified in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Keil
- From the Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (V.C.K., C.R., S.J.E., H.H.S., E.H.), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Warmuth-Metz
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (M.W.-M.), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Reh
- From the Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (V.C.K., C.R., S.J.E., H.H.S., E.H.), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Wilhelm Sander-Therapieeinheit NeuroOnkologie (C.R., P.H.)
- Department of Neurology (C.R., P.H.), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S J Enkirch
- From the Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (V.C.K., C.R., S.J.E., H.H.S., E.H.), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Reinert
- From the Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (V.C.K., C.R., S.J.E., H.H.S., E.H.), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Beier
- Department of Neurology (D.B.), University Hospital Odense and Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology (D.B.), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D T W Jones
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (D.T.W.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology (T.P.), Brain Tumor Reference Center of the German Society for Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Bonn, Germany
| | - H H Schild
- From the Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (V.C.K., C.R., S.J.E., H.H.S., E.H.), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Hattingen
- From the Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology (V.C.K., C.R., S.J.E., H.H.S., E.H.), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Hau
- Wilhelm Sander-Therapieeinheit NeuroOnkologie (C.R., P.H.)
- Department of Neurology (C.R., P.H.), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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103
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Zhao F, Li C, Zhou Q, Qu P, Wang B, Wang X, Zhang S, Wang X, Zhao C, Zhang J, Luo L, Ai L, Xu L, Liu P. Distinctive localization and MRI features correlate of molecular subgroups in adult medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:353-360. [PMID: 28808827 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is recognized as comprising four molecular subgroups with distinct transcriptional profiles, clinical features, and outcomes. Previous studies demonstrate that pediatric MBs present with subgroup-specific MRI manifestations. We hypothesized that combination of anatomical localization and conventional features based on MR imaging can predict these subgroups in adult MBs. MR Imaging manifestations of 125 adult patients with MB were analyzed retrospectively based on pre-operative MRI scans. MB molecular subgroups were evaluated by the expression profiling array and immunohistochemistry. A pediatric MB cohort of 60 patients were analyzed for comparison with data of adult patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor location (P < 0.0001) and pattern of enhancement (P = 0.0048) were significantly correlated with molecular subgroups in adult MBs. Ninety-two percent of adult MBs were correctly predicted by using logistic regression model based on the anatomical localization patterns and pattern of enhancement. Exclusively intra-cerebellar growth, localization in the rostral cerebellum, and no brainstem contact were specific to adult SHH-MBs. Group 4-MBs in adult were characterized by minimal/no enhancement compared with other two subgroups. Infant SHH-MBs represented significant different localization patterns compared with SHH tumors in children and adults. We identified that molecular subgroups of adult MBs could be well predicted by tumor localization patterns and enhancement pattern. Our study also provided important evidence that MB subgroups in adult possibly derived from different cellular origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zhao
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunde Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Peiran Qu
- Department of Neuroimaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neuroimaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhao
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Neuroimaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinan Liu
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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104
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Juhnke BO, Mynarek M, Rutkowski S. Refining medulloblastoma subgroups. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:847-848. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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105
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Abstract
Current therapies for medulloblastoma were introduced primarily in the 1980s and consist of predominantly cytotoxic, nontargeted approaches. Mortality from medulloblastoma remains significant. In addition, many survivors suffer from severe treatment-related effects of radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Further intensification of nonspecific therapy is unlikely to offer additional benefits, because survival rates have reached a plateau. Recent publications in medulloblastoma have revolved largely around the recognition that medulloblastoma per se does not exist, but rather, that there are a group of histologically similar but clinically and molecularly distinct entities that have been grouped under that rubric. Distinguishing the four molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma-wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), group 3, and group 4-in the daily treatment of patients, as well in the setting of clinical trials, is an important challenge in the near term for the pediatric neuro-oncology community. The preponderance of morbidity in treating patients with medulloblastoma is secondary to the treatment or prophylaxis of leptomeningeal metastases, and the cause of most deaths is leptomeningeal metastases. Recurrence of medulloblastoma is a nearly universally fatal event, with no significant salvage rate. The extent of spatial and temporal intratumoral heterogeneity as medulloblastoma metastasizes to leptomeninges and as it evolves in the face of radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy is just beginning to be understood as a major barrier to therapeutic success. Pediatric neuro-oncology clinicians and scientists must now determine how best to incorporate rapid changes in our biologic understanding of medulloblastoma into the next generation of upfront clinical trials, with the goal of both improving survival for the highest-risk patients and improving quality of life for survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ramaswamy
- All authors: Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- All authors: Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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106
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Cavalli FMG, Remke M, Rampasek L, Peacock J, Shih DJH, Luu B, Garzia L, Torchia J, Nor C, Morrissy AS, Agnihotri S, Thompson YY, Kuzan-Fischer CM, Farooq H, Isaev K, Daniels C, Cho BK, Kim SK, Wang KC, Lee JY, Grajkowska WA, Perek-Polnik M, Vasiljevic A, Faure-Conter C, Jouvet A, Giannini C, Nageswara Rao AA, Li KKW, Ng HK, Eberhart CG, Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, Gillespie GY, Olson JM, Leary S, Weiss WA, Lach B, Chambless LB, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Vibhakar R, Hauser P, van Veelen MLC, Kros JM, French PJ, Ra YS, Kumabe T, López-Aguilar E, Zitterbart K, Sterba J, Finocchiaro G, Massimino M, Van Meir EG, Osuka S, Shofuda T, Klekner A, Zollo M, Leonard JR, Rubin JB, Jabado N, Albrecht S, Mora J, Van Meter TE, Jung S, Moore AS, Hallahan AR, Chan JA, Tirapelli DPC, Carlotti CG, Fouladi M, Pimentel J, Faria CC, Saad AG, Massimi L, Liau LM, Wheeler H, Nakamura H, Elbabaa SK, Perezpeña-Diazconti M, Chico Ponce de León F, Robinson S, Zapotocky M, Lassaletta A, Huang A, Hawkins CE, Tabori U, Bouffet E, Bartels U, Dirks PB, Rutka JT, Bader GD, Reimand J, Goldenberg A, Ramaswamy V, Taylor MD. Intertumoral Heterogeneity within Medulloblastoma Subgroups. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:737-754.e6. [PMID: 28609654 PMCID: PMC6163053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While molecular subgrouping has revolutionized medulloblastoma classification, the extent of heterogeneity within subgroups is unknown. Similarity network fusion (SNF) applied to genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression data across 763 primary samples identifies very homogeneous clusters of patients, supporting the presence of medulloblastoma subtypes. After integration of somatic copy-number alterations, and clinical features specific to each cluster, we identify 12 different subtypes of medulloblastoma. Integrative analysis using SNF further delineates group 3 from group 4 medulloblastoma, which is not as readily apparent through analyses of individual data types. Two clear subtypes of infants with Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma with disparate outcomes and biology are identified. Medulloblastoma subtypes identified through integrative clustering have important implications for stratification of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence M G Cavalli
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ladislav Rampasek
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - John Peacock
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - David J H Shih
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jonathon Torchia
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Carolina Nor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- UPCI Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Yuan Yao Thompson
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Claudia M Kuzan-Fischer
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Keren Isaev
- Informatics Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Byung-Kyu Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 30322, South Korea
| | - Wieslawa A Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Marta Perek-Polnik
- Department of Oncology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
| | - Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Centre de Pathologie et Neuropathologie Est, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron 69677, France; ONCOFLAM - Neuro-Oncologie et Neuro-Inflammation Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | | | - Anne Jouvet
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron 69677, France
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Kay Ka Wai Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, USA
| | - Sarah Leary
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurological Surgery and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Lola B Chambless
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael K Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter Hauser
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Marie-Lise C van Veelen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Young Shin Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Enrique López-Aguilar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Pediatría Centro Médico Nacional Century XXI, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Istituto Neurologico Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Maura Massimino
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Division of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540-0006, Japan
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Jeffrey R Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Timothy E Van Meter
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0646, USA
| | - Shin Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun-gun 519-763, Chonnam South Korea
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia; Oncology Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Andrew R Hallahan
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia; Oncology Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Daniela P C Tirapelli
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - José Pimentel
- Divison of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon 1649-035, Portugal
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon 1649-035, Portugal
| | - Ali G Saad
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Luca Massimi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome 00198, Italy
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Helen Wheeler
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Samer K Elbabaa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow & Babies Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michal Zapotocky
- Division of Haematology / Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Alvaro Lassaletta
- Division of Haematology / Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Haematology / Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Cynthia E Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Haematology / Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Haematology / Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ute Bartels
- Division of Haematology / Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada; McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Informatics Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Haematology / Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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107
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Liu KW, Pajtler KW, Worst BC, Pfister SM, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in pediatric brain tumors. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaaf7593. [PMID: 28292958 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf7593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children. Although surgery, aggressive radiation, and chemotherapy have improved outcomes, many patients still die of their disease. Moreover, those who survive often suffer devastating long-term side effects from the therapies. A greater understanding of the molecular underpinnings of these diseases will drive the development of new therapeutic approaches. Advances in genomics and epigenomics have provided unprecedented insight into the molecular diversity of these diseases and, in several cases, have revealed key genes and signaling pathways that drive tumor growth. These not only serve as potential therapeutic targets but also have facilitated the creation of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease for preclinical studies. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of the three most common malignant pediatric brain tumors-medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade glioma-and the implications for development of safer and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Liu
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Worst
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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108
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Update on the integrated histopathological and genetic classification of medulloblastoma - a practical diagnostic guideline. Clin Neuropathol 2017; 35:344-352. [PMID: 27781424 PMCID: PMC5094373 DOI: 10.5414/np300999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The revised WHO classification of tumors of the CNS 2016 has introduced the concept of the integrated diagnosis. The definition of medulloblastoma entities now requires a combination of the traditional histological information with additional molecular/genetic features. For definition of the histopathological component of the medulloblastoma diagnosis, the tumors should be assigned to one of the four entities classic, desmoplastic/nodular (DNMB), extensive nodular (MBEN), or large cell/anaplastic (LC/A) medulloblastoma. The genetically defined component comprises the four entities WNT-activated, SHH-activated and TP53 wildtype, SHH-activated and TP53 mutant, or non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma. Robust and validated methods are available to allow a precise diagnosis of these medulloblastoma entities according to the updated WHO classification, and for differential diagnostic purposes. A combination of immunohistochemical markers including β-catenin, Yap1, p75-NGFR, Otx2, and p53, in combination with targeted sequencing and copy number assessment such as FISH analysis for MYC genes allows a precise assignment of patients for risk-adapted stratification. It also allows comparison to results of study cohorts in the past and provides a robust basis for further treatment refinement.
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109
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Abstract
Primary brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma, are associated with significant morbidity and are often recalcitrant to standard therapies. In recent years, brain tumors have been the focus of large-scale genomic sequencing efforts, providing unprecedented insight into the genomic aberrations and cellular signaling mechanisms that drive these cancers. Discoveries from these efforts have translated into novel diagnostic algorithms, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies in Neuro-Oncology. However, the cellular mechanisms that drive brain tumors are heterogeneous and complex: applying this new knowledge to improve patient outcomes remains a challenge. Efforts to characterize and target these molecular vulnerabilities are evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Harrison
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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110
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111
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Lou E, Schomaker M, Wilson JD, Ahrens M, Dolan M, Nelson AC. Complete and sustained response of adult medulloblastoma to first-line sonic hedgehog inhibition with vismodegib. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:1010-1016. [PMID: 27682250 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1220453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is an aggressive primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the cerebellum that is rare in adults. Medulloblastomas fall into 4 prognostically significant molecular subgroups that are best defined by experimental gene expression profiles: the WNT pathway, sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, and subgroups 3 and 4 (non-SHH/WNT). Medulloblastoma of adults belong primarily to the SHH category. Vismodegib, an SHH-pathway inhibitor FDA-approved in 2012 for treatment of basal cell carcinoma, has been used successfully in the setting of chemorefractory medulloblastoma, but not as a first-line therapy. In this report, we describe a sustained response of an unresectable multifocal form of adult medulloblastoma to vismodegib. Molecular analysis in this case revealed mutations in TP53 and a cytogenetic abnormality, i17q, that is prevalent and most often associated with subgroup 4 rather than the SHH-activated form of medulloblastoma. Our findings indicate that vismodegib may also block alternate, non-canonical forms of downstream SHH pathway activation. These findings provide strong impetus for further investigation of vismodegib in clinical trials in the first-line setting for pediatric and adult forms of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Lou
- a Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Matthew Schomaker
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Jon D Wilson
- c Nephropath/Arkana Laboratories , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Mary Ahrens
- d Familial Cancer Clinic, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Michelle Dolan
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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112
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Kaur K, Kakkar A, Kumar A, Purkait S, Mallick S, Suri V, Sharma MC, Julka PK, Gupta D, Suri A, Sarkar C. Clinicopathological characteristics, molecular subgrouping, and expression of miR-379/miR-656 cluster (C14MC) in adult medulloblastomas. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:423-430. [PMID: 27576698 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a childhood tumor comprising four molecular subgroups: WNT, SHH, group 3 and group 4, with diagnostic and prognostic connotations. Very few studies are available on molecular subgrouping of adult MBs due to their rarity. Recently, loss of chromosome14q has been reported in SHH MBs, with downregulation of miR-379/miR-656 cluster (C14MC) in pediatric SHH MBs. Hence, the present study on adult MBs was undertaken to enumerate clinicopathological characteristics and molecular subgroups, and to analyze expression of C14MC and its transcriptional regulators, MEF2, JUN and ESRRG. Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin, GAB1 and YAP1 was performed to identify molecular subgroups. MYC amplification was evaluated by FISH. Expression profiling of 47 miRNAs from C14MC was performed using customized Taqman low-density array. Expression of transcriptional regulators was examined using RT-PCR. Seventy-one adult MBs were analyzed. They had male predominance and majority were located laterally (52 %). A significant proportion of cases were of Desmoplastic/nodular histology (32 %); MBEN was not seen. WNT tumors constituted 4.2 %, SHH 62 %, and non-WNT/non-SHH 33.8 %. MYC amplification was identified in 11.1 % cases. Patient outcome was worse in adults. Significant downregulation of C14MC was observed in all MB subgroups, and MEF-2 expression was downregulated. Adult MBs are distinct from childhood MBs in terms of location, histopathological subtypes, molecular subgroups, as well as prognosis. Silencing of C14MC in all MB subgroups suggests its role as a tumor suppressor locus in tumorigenesis. Deregulation of C14MC can possibly be attributed to repression of MEF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavneet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Suvendu Purkait
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Supriya Mallick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Mehar C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pramod K Julka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Faried A, Pribadi MA, Sumargo S, Arifin MZ, Hernowo BS. Adult medulloblastoma: A rare case report and literature review. Surg Neurol Int 2016; 7:S481-4. [PMID: 27512610 PMCID: PMC4960923 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.185782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant embryonal tumor which commonly arises in the cerebellum. It is relatively rare and accounts for less than 2% of all primary brain tumors. The tumor primarily occurs in childhood; however, rarely, it may be found in adult population. In addition, medulloblastoma in adult population shows features which are quite distinct from the pediatric group. Case Description: We report the case of a 33-year-old man who presented to our institution with a history of blurred vision of both eyes for 5 months preceded by intermittent headache since the previous year. Preoperative investigation suggested a posterior fossa mass and we suspected an ependymoma. The patient underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt and craniotomy tumor removal, followed by radiotherapy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination were performed, and the results showed a diagnosis of medulloblastoma. Conclusion: This case is exceptional because adult medulloblastoma occurrence in our center is extremely rare, and the diagnosis can only be established through histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Faried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A Pribadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sheila Sumargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Z Arifin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Bethy S Hernowo
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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114
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The Neuroradiological Spectra of Adult and Pediatric Medulloblastoma Differ : Results from a Literature-based Meta-analysis. Clin Neuroradiol 2016; 28:99-107. [PMID: 27334102 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-016-0517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current knowledge on the spectrum of the neuroradiological appearance of adult medulloblastoma is sparse. Due to the rarity of the disease, adult patients were generally diagnosed and treated similar to children; however, pediatric and adult medulloblastomas display substantial molecular differences that may influence the neuroradiological phenotype. This study therefore aimed at assessment of the neuroradiological spectrum of adult medulloblastoma in comparison to pediatric tumors. METHODS All available publications on adult medulloblastoma published until June 2013 were screened for imaging data on single patients. A total of 109 patients were identified and compared to 118 pediatric patients described in 4 cohorts. RESULTS The average age of the adult patients was 34.3 years. Most adult medulloblastomas (57.6 %) were localized laterally (vs. 14.4 % in pediatric patients). On T1-weighted sequences, only 41.1 % of all adult medulloblastomas appeared hypointense (vs. 89.3 %) and 69.6 % were hyperintense on T2 sequences (vs. 83 %). In contrast to pediatric patients only 53.3 % showed strong contrast enhancement (pediatric patients 77.1 %), while the contrast uptake of the remainder was described as subtle, moderate or lacking. Contrast enhancement was more often described as inhomogeneous in adults (35.5 % as compared to 15.2 % in children) and 26.4 % had cysts. CONCLUSION Although the neuroradiological spectrum of medulloblastoma in adults was similar to children, an atypical presentation with inhomogeneous contrast enhancement, more hyperintense signal on T1 and a more hypointense signal on T2-weighted sequences was common. Given the rarity of the tumor, awareness of these differences constitutes a prerequisite to avoid delays in diagnostics.
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115
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Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Bouffet E, Bailey S, Clifford SC, Doz F, Kool M, Dufour C, Vassal G, Milde T, Witt O, von Hoff K, Pietsch T, Northcott PA, Gajjar A, Robinson GW, Padovani L, André N, Massimino M, Pizer B, Packer R, Rutkowski S, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Pomeroy SL. Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma in the molecular era: the current consensus. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:821-31. [PMID: 27040285 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Historical risk stratification criteria for medulloblastoma rely primarily on clinicopathological variables pertaining to age, presence of metastases, extent of resection, histological subtypes and in some instances individual genetic aberrations such as MYC and MYCN amplification. In 2010, an international panel of experts established consensus defining four main subgroups of medulloblastoma (WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4) delineated by transcriptional profiling. This has led to the current generation of biomarker-driven clinical trials assigning WNT tumors to a favorable prognosis group in addition to clinicopathological criteria including MYC and MYCN gene amplifications. However, outcome prediction of non-WNT subgroups is a challenge due to inconsistent survival reports. In 2015, a consensus conference was convened in Heidelberg with the objective to further refine the risk stratification in the context of subgroups and agree on a definition of risk groups of non-infant, childhood medulloblastoma (ages 3-17). Published and unpublished data over the past 5 years were reviewed, and a consensus was reached regarding the level of evidence for currently available biomarkers. The following risk groups were defined based on current survival rates: low risk (>90 % survival), average (standard) risk (75-90 % survival), high risk (50-75 % survival) and very high risk (<50 % survival) disease. The WNT subgroup and non-metastatic Group 4 tumors with whole chromosome 11 loss or whole chromosome 17 gain were recognized as low-risk tumors that may qualify for reduced therapy. High-risk strata were defined as patients with metastatic SHH or Group 4 tumors, or MYCN-amplified SHH medulloblastomas. Very high-risk patients are Group 3 with metastases or SHH with TP53 mutation. In addition, a number of consensus points were reached that should be standardized across future clinical trials. Although we anticipate new data will emerge from currently ongoing and recently completed clinical trials, this consensus can serve as an outline for prioritization of certain molecular subsets of tumors to define and validate risk groups as a basis for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Simon Bailey
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Francois Doz
- Department of Paediatric, Adolescents and Young Adults Oncology, Curie Institute, and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology (B062), DKFZ, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christelle Dufour
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Till Milde
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology (G340), DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology (G340), DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja von Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Amar Gajjar
- St. Jude's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Laetitia Padovani
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas André
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Maura Massimino
- Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori", Milan, Italy
| | - Barry Pizer
- Department of Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Roger Packer
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology (B062), DKFZ, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott L Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most frequent malignant brain tumors in children. The current standard treatment regimen consists of surgical resection, craniospinal irradiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Although these treatments have the potential to increase the survival of 70–80% of patients with MB, they are also associated with serious treatment-induced morbidity. The current risk stratification of MB is based on clinical factors, including age at presentation, metastatic status, and the presence of residual tumor following resection. In addition, recent genomic studies indicate that MB consists of at least four distinct molecular subgroups: WNT, sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. WNT and SHH MBs are characterized by aberrations in the WNT and SHH signaling pathways, respectively. WNT MB has the best prognosis compared to the other MBs, while SHH MB has an intermediate prognosis. The underlying signaling pathways associated with Group 3 and 4 MBs have not been identified. Group 3 MB is frequently associated with metastasis, resulting in a poor prognosis, while Group 4 is sometimes associated with metastasis and has an intermediate prognosis. Group 4 is the most frequent MB and represents 35% of all MBs. These findings suggest that MB is a heterogeneous disease, and that MB subgroups have distinct molecular, demographic, and clinical characteristics. The molecular classification of MBs is redefining the risk stratification of patients with MB, and has the potential to identify new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kijima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization
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117
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Zhao F, Ohgaki H, Xu L, Giangaspero F, Li C, Li P, Yang Z, Wang B, Wang X, Wang Z, Ai L, Zhang J, Luo L, Liu P. Molecular subgroups of adult medulloblastoma: a long-term single-institution study. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:982-90. [PMID: 27106407 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent transcriptomic approaches have demonstrated that there are at least 4 distinct subgroups in medulloblastoma (MB); however, survival studies of molecular subgroups in adult MB have been inconclusive because of small sample sizes. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular subgroups in adult MB and identify their clinical and prognostic implications in a large, single-institution cohort. METHODS We determined gene expression profiles for 13 primary adult MBs. Bioinformatics tools were used to establish distinct molecular subgroups based on the most informative genes in the dataset. Immunohistochemistry with subgroup-specific antibodies was then used for validation within an independent cohort of 201 formalin-fixed MB tumors, in conjunction with a systematic analysis of clinical and histological characteristics. RESULTS Three distinct molecular variants of adult MB were identified: the SHH, WNT, and group 4 subgroups. Validation of these subgroups in the 201-tumor cohort by immunohistochemistry identified significant differences in subgroup-specific demographics, histology, and metastatic status. The SHH subgroup accounted for the majority of the tumors (62%), followed by the group 4 subgroup (28%) and the WNT subgroup (10%). Group 4 tumors had significantly worse progression-free and overall survival compared with tumors of the other molecular subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We have identified 3 subgroups of adult MB, characterized by distinct expression profiles, clinical features, pathological features, and prognosis. Clinical variables incorporated with molecular subgroup are more significantly informative for predicting adult patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zhao
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Hiroko Ohgaki
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Lei Xu
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Chunde Li
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Peng Li
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Xingchao Wang
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Zhenmin Wang
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Lin Ai
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Lin Luo
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Pinan Liu
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., J.Z., P.L.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (F.Z., C.L., P.L., Z.Y., B.W., X.W., Z.W., P.L.); Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (L.A.); Section of Molecular Pathology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (H.O.); Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (L.X.); Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G.)
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Mallick S, Gandhi AK, Benson R, Sharma DN, Haresh KP, Gupta S, Julka PK, Rath GK. Outcomes of adult medulloblastoma treated with a multimodality approach: A tertiary cancer center experience. South Asian J Cancer 2016; 4:174-8. [PMID: 26981508 PMCID: PMC4772394 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.175954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adult medulloblastoma (AMB) is a rare central nervous system tumor. We aimed to analyze the treatment outcomes of AMB treated at our institute with surgery followed by craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the treatment charts of 31 patients of AMB treated from 2003-2011. The patient demography, treatment details and survival data were collected in a predesigned proforma. Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze disease free survival (DFS) and the impact of prognostic factors was determined by univariate analysis (log rank test). RESULTS Male: Female ratio was 21:10. Cerebrospinal fluid dissemination was noted in 16% cases. CSI (36 Gray at 1.8 Gray/fraction to entire neuraxis and 20 Gray at 2 Gray/fraction boost to posterior fossa) was used in all cases. 26 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin plus etoposide). Median follows up was 26.85 months (9.47-119.73 months). The estimated 3 and 5 years DFS was found to be 84.9% and 50.7% respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor located laterally had a trend towards better DFS (HR 3.04; 95%CI 0.722 to 12.812; P = 0.07) compared to midline tumors. Other factors like adjuvant chemotherapy, age, gender, surgical extent had no statistically significant impact on survival. CONCLUSION The results of our study (largest series from India) show that the regimen of surgery, adjuvant CSI and chemotherapy is feasible and confers descent survival. AMB patients should be treated with a multimodality approach in a tertiary care centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Mallick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar Gandhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rony Benson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Daya Nand Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunhi Parambath Haresh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Julka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Goura Kisor Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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119
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Singh AR, Joshi S, Zulcic M, Alcaraz M, Garlich JR, Morales GA, Cho YJ, Bao L, Levy ML, Newbury R, Malicki D, Messer K, Crawford J, Durden DL. PI-3K Inhibitors Preferentially Target CD15+ Cancer Stem Cell Population in SHH Driven Medulloblastoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150836. [PMID: 26938241 PMCID: PMC4777592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma (MB) subtype is driven by a proliferative CD15+ tumor propagating cell (TPC), also considered in the literature as a putative cancer stem cell (CSC). Despite considerable research, much of the biology of this TPC remains unknown. We report evidence that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K) play a crucial role in the propagation, survival and potential response to therapy in this CD15+ CSC/TPC-driven malignant disease. Using the ND2-SmoA1 transgenic mouse model for MB, mouse genetics and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), we demonstrate that the CD15+TPCs are 1) obligately required for SmoA1Tg-driven tumorigenicity 2) regulated by PTEN and PI-3K signaling 3) selectively sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of pan PI-3K inhibitors in vitro and in vivo but resistant to chemotherapy 4) in the SmoA1Tg mouse model are genomically similar to the SHH human MB subgroup. The results provide the first evidence that PTEN plays a role in MB TPC signaling and biology and that PI-3K inhibitors target and suppress the survival and proliferation of cells within the mouse and human CD15+ cancer stem cell compartment. In contrast, CD15+ TPCs are resistant to cisplatinum, temozolomide and the SHH inhibitor, NVP-LDE-225, agents currently used in treatment of medulloblastoma. These studies validate the therapeutic efficacy of pan PI-3K inhibitors in the treatment of CD15+ TPC dependent medulloblastoma and suggest a sequential combination of PI-3K inhibitors and chemotherapy will have augmented efficacy in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R. Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Shweta Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Muamera Zulcic
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Alcaraz
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Yoon J. Cho
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Lei Bao
- Biostatistics Department, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Newbury
- Department of Pathology, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Denise Malicki
- Department of Pathology, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Karen Messer
- Biostatistics Department, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - John Crawford
- Department of Neurosciences Division of Child Neurology, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Durden
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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120
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Dietl S, Schwinn S, Dietl S, Riedel S, Deinlein F, Rutkowski S, von Bueren AO, Krauss J, Schweitzer T, Vince GH, Picard D, Eyrich M, Rosenwald A, Ramaswamy V, Taylor MD, Remke M, Monoranu CM, Beilhack A, Schlegel PG, Wölfl M. MB3W1 is an orthotopic xenograft model for anaplastic medulloblastoma displaying cancer stem cell- and Group 3-properties. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:115. [PMID: 26883117 PMCID: PMC4756501 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and can be divided in different molecular subgroups. Patients whose tumor is classified as a Group 3 tumor have a dismal prognosis. However only very few tumor models are available for this subgroup. Methods We established a robust orthotopic xenograft model with a cell line derived from the malignant pleural effusions of a child suffering from a Group 3 medulloblastoma. Results Besides classical characteristics of this tumor subgroup, the cells display cancer stem cell characteristics including neurosphere formation, multilineage differentiation, CD133/CD15 expression, high ALDH-activity and high tumorigenicity in immunocompromised mice with xenografts exactly recapitulating the original tumor architecture. Conclusions This model using unmanipulated, human medulloblastoma cells will enable translational research, specifically focused on Group 3 medulloblastoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2170-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dietl
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schwinn
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Dietl
- Department of Surgery II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Riedel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF Würzburg), Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Deinlein
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andre O von Bueren
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Giles H Vince
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology / Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology / Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF Würzburg), Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Riffaud L, Hénaux PL. Facteurs pronostiques des médulloblastomes de l’adulte : revue de la littérature et perspectives. Neurochirurgie 2016; 62:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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122
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Grossman R, Ram Z. Posterior Fossa Intra-Axial Tumors in Adults. World Neurosurg 2015; 88:140-145. [PMID: 26743385 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The posterior fossa is the site of many types of tumors, and brain metastases are the most common malignancies in that location among adults. Other brain tumors, such as ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, mostly occur during childhood and are relatively rare in adults. Most primary malignant brain tumors, such as gliomas and lymphomas, tend to be located in the supratentorial compartment. METHODS This review summarizes prognostic factors, therapeutic management, and molecular data of intra-axial posterior fossa tumors in adults, including ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and pilocytic astrocytomas. RESULTS The literature on intra-axial posterior fossa tumors in adults relies mainly on limited retrospective clinical studies, and such studies employ a wide range of treatment approaches that are usually based on therapies developed specifically for children or for supratentorial brain tumors. CONCLUSIONS The clinical course and surgical outcome of adult patients with intra-axial brain tumors in the posterior fossa are summarized in this review. The prognostic factors and therapeutic management of patients with these tumors are controversial because of their rarity, their heterogeneity, and the lack of sufficient data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Zvi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
Our understanding of medulloblastoma biology has increased dramatically over the past decade, in part a result of the recognition that there exists tremendous intertumoral heterogeneity not apparent by morphology alone. A particular area that significantly changed our approach to medulloblastoma has been an increased understanding of the role of p53. A role for p53 in medulloblastoma has been established over the past 20 years, however, not until recently has its significance been identified. Recent developments in the understanding of intertumor heterogeneity has clarified the role of TP53 mutations, as the importance of TP53 mutations is highly dependent on the molecular subgroup of medulloblastoma, with TP53 mutant Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastomas forming an extremely high-risk group of patients. As such, there is now a tremendous push to understand the role that p53 plays in treatment resistance of medulloblastoma. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of p53 in medulloblastoma drawn primarily from recent advances in integrated genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Carolina Nör
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Brandes AA, Franceschi E. Shedding light on adult medulloblastoma: current management and opportunities for advances. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2015:e82-7. [PMID: 24857151 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2014.34.e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Few evidence-based guidelines are available for the treatment of adult medulloblastoma, an extremely rare disease. Therapeutic regimens, typically modeled following pediatric protocols, consist of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Because of the rarity of this disease in adults, any treatment undertaken is based mainly on small and retrospective studies. Unlike pediatric patients, adults with medulloblastoma have been treated according to risk-adapted therapeutic strategies in only a few prospective studies. Overall, approximately 30% of patients experience recurrence and die of disease-related causes. Although the patients could respond to second-line treatments, the prognosis of patients with recurrence remains dismal. An important challenge for the future will be the biologic characterization of medulloblastoma in adults, with the identification of specific genetic patterns of patients with different prognosis and different response to targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba A Brandes
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL-IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL-IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science, Bologna, Italy
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125
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Wang F, Remke M, Bhat K, Wong ET, Zhou S, Ramaswamy V, Dubuc A, Fonkem E, Salem S, Zhang H, Hsieh TC, O'Rourke ST, Wu L, Li DW, Hawkins C, Kohane IS, Wu JM, Wu M, Taylor MD, Wu E. A microRNA-1280/JAG2 network comprises a novel biological target in high-risk medulloblastoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2709-24. [PMID: 25576913 PMCID: PMC4413612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) has been previously implicated in high-risk medulloblastoma (MB) pathogenesis. However, the exact biological functions of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ signaling in MB biology remain poorly understood. Here, we report the subgroup specific expression of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ and their associated biological pathways in MB tumors. c-MYC, a downstream target of PDGFRβ but not PDGFRα, is involved in PDGFRβ signaling associated with cell proliferation, cell death, and invasion. Concurrent inhibition of PDGFRβ and c-MYC blocks MB cell proliferation and migration synergistically. Integrated analysis of miRNA and miRNA targets regulated by both PDGFRβ and c-MYC reveals that increased expression of JAG2, a target of miR-1280, is associated with high metastatic dissemination at diagnosis and a poor outcome in MB patients. Our study may resolve the controversy on the role of PDGFRs in MB and unveils JAG2 as a key downstream effector of a PDGFRβ-driven signaling cascade and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Marc Remke
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Eric T Wong
- Brain Tumor Center & Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Adrian Dubuc
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ekokobe Fonkem
- Scott & White Neuroscience Institute, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Saeed Salem
- Department of Computer Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Tze-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Lizi Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David W Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Isaac S Kohane
- Informatics Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Clifford SC, Lannering B, Schwalbe EC, Hicks D, O' Toole K, Nicholson SL, Goschzik T, zur Mühlen A, Figarella-Branger D, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Gustafsson G, Pietsch T. Biomarker-driven stratification of disease-risk in non-metastatic medulloblastoma: Results from the multi-center HIT-SIOP-PNET4 clinical trial. Oncotarget 2015; 6:38827-39. [PMID: 26420814 PMCID: PMC4770740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve stratification of risk-adapted treatment for non-metastatic (M0), standard-risk medulloblastoma patients by prospective evaluation of biomarkers of reported biological or prognostic significance, alongside clinico-pathological variables, within the multi-center HIT-SIOP-PNET4 trial. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were collected from 338 M0 patients (>4.0 years at diagnosis) for pathology review and assessment of the WNT subgroup (MBWNT) and genomic copy-number defects (chromosome 17, MYC/MYCN, 9q22 (PTCH1) and DNA ploidy). Clinical characteristics were reviewed centrally. RESULTS The favorable prognosis of MBWNT was confirmed, however better outcomes were observed for non-MBWNT tumors in this clinical risk-defined cohort compared to previous disease-wide clinical trials. Chromosome 17p/q defects were heterogeneous when assessed at the cellular copy-number level, and predicted poor prognosis when they occurred against a diploid (ch17(im)/diploid(cen)), but not polyploid, genetic background. These factors, together with post-surgical tumor residuum (R+) and radiotherapy delay, were supported as independent prognostic markers in multivariate testing. Notably, MYC and MYCN amplification were not associated with adverse outcome. In cross-validated survival models derived for the clinical standard-risk (M0/R0) disease group, (ch17(im)/diploid(cen); 14% of patients) predicted high disease-risk, while the outcomes of patients without (ch17(im)/diploid(cen)) did not differ significantly from MBWNT, allowing re-classification of 86% as favorable-risk. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers, established previously in disease-wide studies, behave differently in clinically-defined standard-risk disease. Distinct biomarkers are required to assess disease-risk in this group, and define improved risk-stratification models. Routine testing for specific patterns of chromosome 17 imbalance at the cellular level, and MBWNT, provides a strong basis for incorporation into future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Clifford
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Birgitta Lannering
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg and The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ed C. Schwalbe
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Hicks
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran O' Toole
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Leigh Nicholson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Goschzik
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja zur Mühlen
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - François Doz
- Institut Curie and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Kaur K, Kakkar A, Kumar A, Mallick S, Julka PK, Gupta D, Suri A, Suri V, Sharma MC, Sarkar C. Integrating Molecular Subclassification of Medulloblastomas into Routine Clinical Practice: A Simplified Approach. Brain Pathol 2015. [PMID: 26222673 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is composed of four molecular subgroups viz. WNT, SHH, groups 3 and 4, identified using various high-throughput methods. Translation of this molecular data into pathologist-friendly techniques that would be applicable in laboratories all over the world is a major challenge. Ninety-two MBs were analyzed using a panel of 10 IHC markers, real-time PCR for mRNA and miRNA expression, and FISH for MYC amplification. β-catenin, GAB1 and YAP1 were the only IHC markers of utility in classification of MBs into three subgroups viz. WNT (9.8%), SHH (45.6%) and non-WNT/SHH (44.6%). mRNA expression could further classify some non-WNT/SHH tumors into groups 3 and 4. This, however, was dependent on integrity of RNA extracted from FFPE tissue. MYC amplification was seen in 20% of non-WNT/SHH cases and was associated with the worst prognosis. For routine diagnostic practice, we recommend classification of MBs into three subgroups: WNT, SHH and non-WNT/SHH, with supplementation by prognostic markers like MYC for non-WNT/SHH tumors. Using this panel, we propose a new three-tier risk stratification system for MBs. Molecular subgrouping with this limited panel is rapid, economical, works well on FFPE tissue and is reliable as it correlates significantly with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Brandes AA, Bartolotti M, Marucci G, Ghimenton C, Agati R, Fioravanti A, Mascarin M, Volpin L, Ammannati F, Masotto B, Gardiman MP, De Biase D, Tallini G, Crisi G, Bartolini S, Franceschi E. New perspectives in the treatment of adult medulloblastoma in the era of molecular oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 94:348-59. [PMID: 25600839 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common central nervous system tumor in children, while it is extremely rare in adults. Multimodal treatment involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of this disease, and recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the identification of molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, Groups 3 and 4), each of which have different cytogenetic, mutational and gene expression signatures, demographics, histology and prognosis. The present review focuses on the state of the art for adult medulloblastoma treatment and on novel molecular advances and their future implications in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Bartolotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University, of Bologna, Section of Pathology, M. Malpighi, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Agati
- Department of Neuroradiology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Fioravanti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Volpin
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Franco Ammannati
- Department of Neurosurgery I, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Barbara Masotto
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Paola Gardiman
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Medicine (DIMES) - Anatomic Pathology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (DIMES) - Anatomic Pathology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Girolamo Crisi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
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129
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Ramaswamy V, Samuel N, Remke M. Can miRNA-based real-time PCR be used to classify medulloblastomas? CNS Oncol 2015; 3:173-5. [PMID: 25055122 DOI: 10.2217/cns.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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130
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Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and, as such, has been the focus of tremendous efforts to genomically characterize it. What was once thought to be a single disease has been divided into multiple, molecularly unique subgroups through gene expression profiling. Each subgroup is not only unique in its origin and pathogenesis but also in the prognosis and potential therapeutic options. Targeted therapy of malignancies has long been the goal of clinical oncology. The progress made in the classification of medulloblastoma should be used as a model for future studies. With the evolution of epigenetic and genomic sequencing, especially when used in tandem with high-throughput pharmacologic screening protocols, the potential for subgroup-specific targeting is closer than ever. This review focuses on the development of the molecular classification system and its potential use in developing prognostic models as well as for the advancement of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Samkari
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Section of Oncology, St Christopher׳s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roger J Packer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Brain Tumor Institute, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children׳s National Health System, Washington, DC
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Medulloblastoma subgroups remain stable across primary and metastatic compartments. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:449-57. [PMID: 25689980 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma comprises four distinct molecular variants with distinct genetics, transcriptomes, and outcomes. Subgroup affiliation has been previously shown to remain stable at the time of recurrence, which likely reflects their distinct cells of origin. However, a therapeutically relevant question that remains unanswered is subgroup stability in the metastatic compartment. We assembled a cohort of 12-paired primary-metastatic tumors collected in the MAGIC consortium, and established their molecular subgroup affiliation by performing integrative gene expression and DNA methylation analysis. Frozen tissues were collected and profiled using Affymetrix gene expression arrays and Illumina methylation arrays. Class prediction and hierarchical clustering were performed using existing published datasets. Our molecular analysis, using consensus integrative genomic data, establishes the unequivocal maintenance of molecular subgroup affiliation in metastatic medulloblastoma. We further validated these findings by interrogating a non-overlapping cohort of 19 pairs of primary-metastatic tumors from the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute using an orthogonal technique of immunohistochemical staining. This investigation represents the largest reported primary-metastatic paired cohort profiled to date and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate subgroup-specific molecular aberrations within the metastatic compartment. Our findings further support the hypothesis that medulloblastoma subgroups arise from distinct cells of origin, which are carried forward from ontogeny to oncology.
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132
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Stone TJ, Jacques TS. Medulloblastoma: selecting children for reduced treatment. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:106-8. [PMID: 25630746 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T J Stone
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Adamski J, Bartels U, Tabori U, Wang X, Huang A, Hawkins C, Mabbott D, Laperriere N, Taylor MD, Bouffet E. Medulloblastoma subgroup-specific outcomes in irradiated children: who are the true high-risk patients? Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:291-7. [PMID: 25605817 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of integrated genomics has fundamentally changed our understanding of medulloblastoma. Although survival differences exist among the 4 principal subgroups, this has yet to be elucidated in a North American cohort of irradiated patients. METHODS Ninety-two consecutive patients between the ages of 3 and 17 treated with surgery, craniospinal irradiation, and chemotherapy were identified at the Hospital for Sick Children. Molecular subgrouping was performed using nanoString. RESULTS Two treatment periods were identified: prior to 2006 as per the protocols of the Children's Oncology Group, and after 2006 per the St Jude Medulloblastoma 03 protocol. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) over the entire cohort was 0.801 (95% CI: 0.692-0.875) with no significant difference between treatment protocols. Strikingly, we found that Group 4 patients had excellent 5-year PFS of 0.959 (95% CI: 0.744-0.994) for average risk and 0.887 (95% CI: 0.727-0.956) across all Group 4 patients. Group 3 patients had 5-year PFS of 0.733 (95% CI: 0.436-0.891). Sonic hedgehog patients did poorly across both treatment protocols, with 5-year PFS of 0.613 (95% CI: 0.333-0.804), likely owing to a high proportion of TP53 mutated patients in this age group. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of irradiated patients over 3 years of age, PFS for Group 4 patients was significantly improved compared with initial reports. The impact of subgroup affiliation in these children needs to be assessed in large prospectively treated cooperative protocols to determine if more than just WNT patients can be safely selected for de-escalation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Marc Remke
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Jennifer Adamski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Ute Bartels
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Donald Mabbott
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Normand Laperriere
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., J.A., U.B., U.T., A.H., D.M., N.L., E.B.); Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., A.H., C.H., M.D.T); Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (V.R., M.R., X.W., M.D.T.); Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.H.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.L.)
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Swartling FJ, Čančer M, Frantz A, Weishaupt H, Persson AI. Deregulated proliferation and differentiation in brain tumors. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 359:225-54. [PMID: 25416506 PMCID: PMC4286433 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons, is deregulated in neural stem cell (NSC)- and progenitor-derived murine models of malignant medulloblastoma and glioma, the most common brain tumors of children and adults, respectively. Molecular characterization of human malignant brain tumors, and in particular brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), has identified neurodevelopmental transcription factors, microRNAs, and epigenetic factors known to inhibit neuronal and glial differentiation. We are starting to understand how these factors are regulated by the major oncogenic drivers in malignant brain tumors. In this review, we will focus on the molecular switches that block normal neuronal differentiation and induce brain tumor formation. Genetic or pharmacological manipulation of these switches in BTSCs has been shown to restore the ability of tumor cells to differentiate. We will discuss potential brain tumor therapies that will promote differentiation in order to reduce treatment resistance, suppress tumor growth, and prevent recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Aaron Frantz
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Anders I Persson
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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135
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Faria CC, Golbourn BJ, Dubuc AM, Remke M, Diaz RJ, Agnihotri S, Luck A, Sabha N, Olsen S, Wu X, Garzia L, Ramaswamy V, Mack SC, Wang X, Leadley M, Reynaud D, Ermini L, Post M, Northcott PA, Pfister SM, Croul SE, Kool M, Korshunov A, Smith CA, Taylor MD, Rutka JT. Foretinib is effective therapy for metastatic sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2014; 75:134-46. [PMID: 25391241 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, with metastases present at diagnosis conferring a poor prognosis. Mechanisms of dissemination are poorly understood and metastatic lesions are genetically divergent from the matched primary tumor. Effective and less toxic therapies that target both compartments have yet to be identified. Here, we report that the analysis of several large nonoverlapping cohorts of patients with medulloblastoma reveals MET kinase as a marker of sonic hedgehog (SHH)-driven medulloblastoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of phosphorylated, active MET kinase in an independent patient cohort confirmed its correlation with increased tumor relapse and poor survival, suggesting that patients with SHH medulloblastoma may benefit from MET-targeted therapy. In support of this hypothesis, we found that the approved MET inhibitor foretinib could suppress MET activation, decrease tumor cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in SHH medulloblastomas in vitro and in vivo. Foretinib penetrated the blood-brain barrier and was effective in both the primary and metastatic tumor compartments. In established mouse xenograft or transgenic models of metastatic SHH medulloblastoma, foretinib administration reduced the growth of the primary tumor, decreased the incidence of metastases, and increased host survival. Taken together, our results provide a strong rationale to clinically evaluate foretinib as an effective therapy for patients with SHH-driven medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Faria
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brian J Golbourn
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adrian M Dubuc
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roberto J Diaz
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amanda Luck
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nesrin Sabha
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samantha Olsen
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xin Wang
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Leadley
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Denis Reynaud
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology and Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology and Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sidney E Croul
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology and Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian A Smith
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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136
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Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, and represents a significant clinical challenge in pediatric oncology, since overall survival currently remains under 70%. Patients with tumors overexpressing MYC or harboring a MYC oncogene amplification have an extremely poor prognosis. Pharmacologically inhibiting MYC expression may, thus, have clinical utility given its pathogenetic role in medulloblastoma. Recent studies using the selective small molecule BET inhibitor, JQ1, have identified BET bromodomain proteins, especially BRD4, as epigenetic regulatory factors for MYC and its targets. Targeting MYC expression by BET inhibition resulted in antitumoral effects in various cancers. Our aim here was to evaluate the efficacy of JQ1 against preclinical models for high-risk MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Treatment of medulloblastoma cell lines with JQ1 significantly reduced cell proliferation and preferentially induced apoptosis in cells expressing high levels of MYC. JQ1 treatment of medulloblastoma cell lines downregulated MYC expression and resulted in a transcriptional deregulation of MYC targets, and also significantly altered expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression and p53 signalling. JQ1 treatment prolonged the survival of mice harboring medulloblastoma xenografts and reduced the tumor burden in these mice. Our preclinical data provide evidence to pursue testing BET inhibitors, such as JQ1, as molecular targeted therapeutic options for patients with high-risk medulloblastomas overexpressing MYC or harboring MYC amplifications.
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137
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He X, Zhang L, Chen Y, Remke M, Shih D, Lu F, Wang H, Deng Y, Yu Y, Xia Y, Wu X, Ramaswamy V, Hu T, Wang F, Zhou W, Burns DK, Kim SH, Kool M, Pfister SM, Weinstein LS, Pomeroy SL, Gilbertson RJ, Rubin JB, Hou Y, Wechsler-Reya R, Taylor MD, Lu QR. The G protein α subunit Gαs is a tumor suppressor in Sonic hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma. Nat Med 2014; 20:1035-42. [PMID: 25150496 PMCID: PMC4334261 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant childhood brain tumor, exhibits distinct molecular subtypes and cellular origins. Genetic alterations driving medulloblastoma initiation and progression remain poorly understood. Herein, we identify GNAS, encoding the G-protein Gsα, as a potent tumor suppressor gene that defines a subset of aggressive Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-driven human medulloblastomas. Ablation of the single Gnas gene in anatomically-distinct progenitors is sufficient to induce Shh-associated medulloblastomas, which recapitulate their human counterparts. Gsα is highly enriched at the primary cilium of granule neuron precursors and suppresses Shh-signaling by regulating both the cAMP-dependent pathway and ciliary trafficking of Hedgehog pathway components. Elevation of a Gsα effector, cAMP, effectively inhibits tumor cell proliferation and progression in Gnas mutants. Thus, our gain- and loss-of-function studies identify a previously unrecognized tumor suppressor function for Gsα that acts as a molecular link across Shh-group medulloblastomas of disparate cellular and anatomical origins, illuminating G-protein modulation as a potential therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian He
- 1] Department of Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. [2] Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Marc Remke
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Shih
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fanghui Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yaqi Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dennis K Burns
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott L Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yiping Hou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Robert Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Development Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Q Richard Lu
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. [3] Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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138
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Cosman R, Brown CSB, DeBraganca KC, Khasraw M. Patterns of care in adult medulloblastoma: results of an international online survey. J Neurooncol 2014; 120:125-9. [PMID: 25026996 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The literature on medulloblastoma in adults is generally limited to case reports and retrospective series, and there is no accepted standard of care. The Cooperative Trials Group for Neuro-Oncology (COGNO) sought to determine the range and consistency of clinicians' approaches to management as a basis for future trials. We aimed to identify current treatment strategies for adult medulloblastoma through an online survey launched at the 2012 Society of Neuro-Oncology meeting and by email invitation. Clinicians who had treated at least one adult patient with medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), or pineoblastoma in the preceding year were asked about their most recent patient and invited to discuss their approach to a typical clinical scenario. Between November 2012 and January 2013, 45 clinicians (11 medical oncologists, 8 radiation oncologists, 5 pediatric oncologists, and 21 others) from Australia (24), United States (3), Europe (4) and other countries (14) completed the survey. Responding clinicians had treated 54 cases in the past 12 months. The most common histological type was medulloblastoma (64%), then PNET (20%). Most patients were male (68%), and had high-risk disease (65%). Complete surgical resection in 56 and 32% had molecular testing. Radiotherapy was predominantly cranio-spinal (92%) and given mostly post-resection (80%). Combination chemotherapy was more common than single-agent chemotherapy. The choice of chemotherapy varied considerably. There is substantial variation in the treatment of adult medulloblastoma, most pronounced in the choice of chemotherapeutic agents, highlighting the need for further collaborative research to guide evidence-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Cosman
- Cooperative Trials Group for Neuro-Oncology (COGNO), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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139
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Pietsch T, Schmidt R, Remke M, Korshunov A, Hovestadt V, Jones DTW, Felsberg J, Kaulich K, Goschzik T, Kool M, Northcott PA, von Hoff K, von Bueren AO, Friedrich C, Mynarek M, Skladny H, Fleischhack G, Taylor MD, Cremer F, Lichter P, Faldum A, Reifenberger G, Rutkowski S, Pfister SM. Prognostic significance of clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of medulloblastomas in the prospective HIT2000 multicenter clinical trial cohort. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:137-49. [PMID: 24791927 PMCID: PMC4059991 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to prospectively evaluate clinical, histopathological and molecular variables for outcome prediction in medulloblastoma patients. Patients from the HIT2000 cooperative clinical trial were prospectively enrolled based on the availability of sufficient tumor material and complete clinical information. This revealed a cohort of 184 patients (median age 7.6 years), which was randomly split at a 2:1 ratio into a training (n = 127), and a test (n = 57) dataset in order to build and test a risk score for this population. Independent validation was performed in a non-overlapping cohort (n = 83). All samples were subjected to thorough histopathological investigation, CTNNB1 mutation analysis, quantitative PCR, MLPA and FISH analyses for cytogenetic variables, and methylome analysis. By univariable analysis, clinical factors (M-stage), histopathological variables (large cell component, endothelial proliferation, synaptophysin pattern), and molecular features (chromosome 6q status, MYC amplification, subgrouping) were found to be prognostic. Molecular consensus subgrouping (WNT, SHH, Group 3, Group 4) was validated as an independent feature to stratify patients into different risk groups. When comparing methods for the identification of WNT-driven medulloblastoma, this study identified CTNNB1 sequencing and methylation profiling to most reliably identify these patients. After removing patients with particularly favorable (CTNNB1 mutation, extensive nodularity) or unfavorable (MYC amplification) markers, a risk score for the remaining “intermediate molecular risk” population dependent on age, M-stage, pattern of synaptophysin expression, and MYCN copy-number status was identified, with speckled synaptophysin expression indicating worse outcome. Test and independent validation of the score confirmed significant discrimination of patients by risk profile. Methylation subgrouping and CTNNB1 mutation status represent robust tools for the risk stratification of medulloblastoma. A simple clinico-pathological risk score was identified, which was confirmed in a test set and by independent clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rene Schmidt
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, WW University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T. W. Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaulich
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Goschzik
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul A. Northcott
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja von Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - André O. von Bueren
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Friedrich
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Mynarek
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Gudrun Fleischhack
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Pediatrics III, Children’s Hospital of University Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Faldum
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, WW University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
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140
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Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Shih D, Wang X, Northcott PA, Faria CC, Raybaud C, Tabori U, Hawkins C, Rutka J, Taylor MD, Bouffet E. Duration of the pre-diagnostic interval in medulloblastoma is subgroup dependent. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1190-4. [PMID: 24616042 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children presenting with medulloblastoma have a wide range of initial presenting symptoms. However, the influence of underlying tumor biology on the initial presentation of medulloblastoma is currently unknown. In light of the recent discovery of distinct medulloblastoma subgroups, we sought to define the initial presentation of childhood medulloblastoma in a subgroup specific manner. PROCEDURE We assembled a cohort of 126 medulloblastoma cases at the Hospital for Sick Children between 1994 and 2012 and determined subgroup affiliation using nanoString. Clinical details pertaining to the initial presentation were determined through a retrospective chart review. RESULTS The median pre-diagnostic interval across all medulloblastoma cases was 4 weeks (IQR: 4-12 weeks). Strikingly, when the pre-diagnostic interval was then determined in a subgroup specific manner, cases with WNT and Group 4 tumors showed significantly longer median pre-diagnostic intervals of 8 weeks compared to 2 weeks for SHH and 4 weeks for Group 3 (P = 0.0001). Younger age was significantly associated with a prolonged pre-diagnostic interval (P = 0.02 for all). When stratifying by subgroup the association with age was only significant in Group 4 (P = 0.04 for Group 4). Improved survival was significantly associated with a longer pre-diagnostic interval (P = 0.02), however is no longer significant when controlling for subgroup (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS The duration of the pre-diagnostic interval in childhood medulloblastoma is highly subgroup dependent, further highlighting the clinical heterogeneity and biological relevance of the four principle subgroups of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
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141
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Balik V, Trojanec R, Holzerova M, Tuckova L, Sulla I, Megova M, Vaverka M, Hrabalek L, Ehrmann J. An adult multifocal medulloblastoma with diffuse acute postoperative cerebellar swelling: immunohistochemical and molecular genetics analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2014; 38:1-10; discussion 10. [PMID: 24913771 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-014-0556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant tumor typically affecting children, occurs only exceptionally in adults. Multifocal presentation of this malignancy in adulthood is even much rarer—only four cases with favorable postoperative course have been reported, so far. The study illustrates a very rare rapid postoperative clinical deterioration due to diffuse cerebellar swelling (DCS) in an adult multifocal MB (MMB). To the best of their knowledge, authors for the first time performed genetic analysis of MMB and demonstrated expression patterns of selected markers that put the patient within the sonic hedgehog (SHH) molecular subgroup and at least partially explain her unsatisfactory clinical course. Herein, authors summarized the relevant literature concerning this issue with the aim to determine features that would facilitate diagnosis and therapy of such a scarce clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Balik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
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142
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Romero-Rojas AE, Diaz-Perez JA, Raju S, Lozano-Castillo A. Neuroradiology and histopathology in two cases of adult medulloblastoma. Neuroradiol J 2014; 27:163-8. [PMID: 24750703 DOI: 10.15274/nrj-2014-10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common central nervous system neoplasm in children and only rarely presents in the adult population. Recent molecular biology findings have characterized MB as a heterogeneous neoplasm distinguished by well-defined tumour subsets each with specific histologic and molecular features. Available immunohistochemical stains can now be used to differentiate the distinct molecular types of MB. This report analyzed the histopathologic and neuroradiologic features of two new cases of adult MB. Imaging studies in these patients revealed the morphological appearance of high-grade, well-circumscribed heterogeneous tumours with necrosis, located laterally within the posterior cranial fossa. Histopathology of resected samples demonstrated high-grade tumours (WHO grade IV) containing sheets of undifferentiated neural cells with high mitotic activity and evidence of necrosis. The histopathologic and molecular characteristics of these cases of MB are reviewed for potential applications in new molecular methods of imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA - Department of Pathology, University of Santander; Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Sharat Raju
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Batora N, Sturm D, Jones D, Kool M, Pfister S, Northcott P. Transitioning from genotypes to epigenotypes: Why the time has come for medulloblastoma epigenomics. Neuroscience 2014; 264:171-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Pan-genomic analyses of genetic and epigenetic alterations and gene expression profiles are providing important new insights into the pathogenesis and molecular classification of cancers. The technologies and methods used for these studies are rapidly diversifying and improving. The use of such methodologies for the analysis of adrenocortical tumours has revealed clear transcriptomic (mRNA and microRNA expression profiles), epigenomic (DNA methylation profiles) and genomic (DNA mutations and chromosomal alterations) differences between benign and malignant tumours. Interestingly, genomic studies of adrenal cancers have also identified subtypes of malignant tumours, which demonstrate distinct patterns of molecular alterations and are associated with different clinical outcomes. These discoveries have created the opportunity for classifying adrenocortical tumours on the basis of molecular analyses. Following these genomic studies, efforts to develop new molecular tools that improve diagnosis and prognostication of patients with adrenocortical tumours have also been made. This Review describes the progress that has been made towards classification of adrenocortical tumours to date based on key genomic approaches. In addition, the potential for the development and use of various molecular tools to personalize the management of patients with adrenocortical tumours is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Assié
- 1] Department of Endocrinology, Referral Centre for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. [2] INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anne Jouinot
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- 1] Department of Endocrinology, Referral Centre for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. [2] INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris Descartes University, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
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The WIP1 oncogene promotes progression and invasion of aggressive medulloblastoma variants. Oncogene 2014; 34:1126-40. [PMID: 24632620 PMCID: PMC4722800 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, is comprised of four disease variants. The WIP1 oncogene is overexpressed in Group 3 and 4 tumors, which contain medulloblastomas with the most aggressive clinical behavior. Our data demonstrate increased WIP1 expression in metastatic medulloblastomas, and inferior progression-free and overall survival of patients with WIP1 high-expressing medulloblastoma. Microarray analysis identified up-regulation of genes involved in tumor metastasis, including the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, in medulloblastoma cells with high WIP1 expression. Stimulation with the CXCR4 ligand SDF1ααactivated PI-3 kinase signaling, and promoted growth and invasion of WIP1 high-expressing medulloblastoma cells in a p53-dependent manner. When xenografted into the cerebellum of immunodeficient mice, medulloblastoma cells with stable or endogenous high WIP1 expression exhibited strong expression of CXCR4 and activated AKT in primary and invasive tumor cells. WIP1 or CXCR4 knock-down inhibited medulloblastoma growth and invasion. WIP1 knock-down also improved the survival of mice xenografted with WIP1 high-expressing medulloblastoma cells. WIP1 knock-down inhibited cell surface localization of CXCR4 by suppressing expression of the G protein receptor kinase 5, GRK5. Restoration of wild-type GRK5 promoted Ser339 phosphorylation of CXCR4 and inhibited the growth of WIP1-stable medulloblastoma cells. Conversely, GRK5 knock-down inhibited Ser339 phosphorylation of CXCR4, increased cell surface localization of CXCR4, and promoted the growth of medulloblastoma cells with low WIP1 expression. These results demonstrate cross-talk among WIP1, CXCR4, and GRK5, which may be important for the aggressive phenotype of a subclass of medulloblastomas in children.
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Snuderl M, Triscott J, Northcott PA, Shih HA, Kong E, Robinson H, Dunn SE, Iafrate AJ, Yip S. Deep sequencing identifies IDH1 R132S mutation in adult medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2014; 33:e27-31. [PMID: 24616312 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.49.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matija Snuderl
- New York University Langone Medical Center and Medical School, New York, NY
| | - Joanna Triscott
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Helen A Shih
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Esther Kong
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hayley Robinson
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sandra E Dunn
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen Yip
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Collins JT, Narayana MJ, Morris K, Casey J, Inglis PL, Cheuk R, Rajah T, Robertson T, Kennedy GA. Adult medulloblastoma: feasibility and effectiveness of utilising high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue in newly diagnosed patients. Intern Med J 2014; 44:209-10. [PMID: 24528821 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J T Collins
- Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
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148
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Shih DJH, Northcott PA, Remke M, Korshunov A, Ramaswamy V, Kool M, Luu B, Yao Y, Wang X, Dubuc AM, Garzia L, Peacock J, Mack SC, Wu X, Rolider A, Morrissy AS, Cavalli FMG, Jones DTW, Zitterbart K, Faria CC, Schüller U, Kren L, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Shin Ra Y, Garami M, Hauser P, Chan JA, Robinson S, Bognár L, Klekner A, Saad AG, Liau LM, Albrecht S, Fontebasso A, Cinalli G, De Antonellis P, Zollo M, Cooper MK, Thompson RC, Bailey S, Lindsey JC, Di Rocco C, Massimi L, Michiels EMC, Scherer SW, Phillips JJ, Gupta N, Fan X, Muraszko KM, Vibhakar R, Eberhart CG, Fouladi M, Lach B, Jung S, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Fèvre-Montange M, Jouvet A, Jabado N, Pollack IF, Weiss WA, Lee JY, Cho BK, Kim SK, Wang KC, Leonard JR, Rubin JB, de Torres C, Lavarino C, Mora J, Cho YJ, Tabori U, Olson JM, Gajjar A, Packer RJ, Rutkowski S, Pomeroy SL, French PJ, Kloosterhof NK, Kros JM, Van Meir EG, Clifford SC, Bourdeaut F, Delattre O, Doz FF, Hawkins CE, Malkin D, Grajkowska WA, Perek-Polnik M, Bouffet E, Rutka JT, Pfister SM, Taylor MD. Cytogenetic prognostication within medulloblastoma subgroups. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:886-96. [PMID: 24493713 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.50.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma comprises four distinct molecular subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. Current medulloblastoma protocols stratify patients based on clinical features: patient age, metastatic stage, extent of resection, and histologic variant. Stark prognostic and genetic differences among the four subgroups suggest that subgroup-specific molecular biomarkers could improve patient prognostication. PATIENTS AND METHODS Molecular biomarkers were identified from a discovery set of 673 medulloblastomas from 43 cities around the world. Combined risk stratification models were designed based on clinical and cytogenetic biomarkers identified by multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses. Identified biomarkers were tested using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on a nonoverlapping medulloblastoma tissue microarray (n = 453), with subsequent validation of the risk stratification models. RESULTS Subgroup information improves the predictive accuracy of a multivariable survival model compared with clinical biomarkers alone. Most previously published cytogenetic biomarkers are only prognostic within a single medulloblastoma subgroup. Profiling six FISH biomarkers (GLI2, MYC, chromosome 11 [chr11], chr14, 17p, and 17q) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, we can reliably and reproducibly identify very low-risk and very high-risk patients within SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 medulloblastomas. CONCLUSION Combining subgroup and cytogenetic biomarkers with established clinical biomarkers substantially improves patient prognostication, even in the context of heterogeneous clinical therapies. The prognostic significance of most molecular biomarkers is restricted to a specific subgroup. We have identified a small panel of cytogenetic biomarkers that reliably identifies very high-risk and very low-risk groups of patients, making it an excellent tool for selecting patients for therapy intensification and therapy de-escalation in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J H Shih
- David J.H. Shih, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Betty Luu, Yuan Yao, Xin Wang, Adrian M. Dubuc, Livia Garzia, John Peacock, Stephen C. Mack, Xiaochong Wu, Adi Rolider, A. Sorana Morrissy, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Claudia C. Faria, Stephen W. Scherer, Uri Tabori, Cynthia E. Hawkins, David Malkin, Eric Bouffet, James T. Rutka, and Michael D. Taylor, Hospital for Sick Children; David J.H. Shih, Marc Remke, Vijay Ramaswamy, Yuan Yao, Xin Wang, Adrian M. Dubuc, John Peacock, Stephen C. Mack, and Michael D. Taylor, University of Toronto, Toronto; Boleslaw Lach, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario; Jennifer A. Chan, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Steffen Albrecht, Adam Fontebasso, and Nada Jabado, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Paul A. Northcott, Andrey Korshunov, Marcel Kool, David T.W. Jones, and Stefan M. Pfister, German Cancer Research Center; Stefan M. Pfister, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Ulrich Schüller, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Stefan Rutkowski, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Karel Zitterbart, Masaryk University School of Medicine; Karel Zitterbart and Leos Kren, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Toshihiro Kumabe and Teiji Tominaga, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Young Shin Ra, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center; Ji-Yeoun Lee, Byung-Kyu Cho, Seung-Ki Kim, and Kyu-Chang Wang, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul; Shin Jung, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Chonnam, South Korea; Peter Hauser and Miklós Garami, Semmelweis University, Budapest; László Bognár and Almos Klekner, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Debrecen, Hungary; Shenandoah Robinson, Boston Children's Hospital; Scott L. Pomeroy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Ali G. Saad, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little
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Alentorn A, Sanson M, Mokhtari K, Marie Y, Hoang-Xuan K, Delattre JY, Idbaih A. Insights revealed by high-throughput genomic arrays in nonglial primary brain tumors. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 12:265-77. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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150
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Remke M, Ramaswamy V, Peacock J, Shih DJH, Koelsche C, Northcott PA, Hill N, Cavalli FMG, Kool M, Wang X, Mack SC, Barszczyk M, Morrissy AS, Wu X, Agnihotri S, Luu B, Jones DTW, Garzia L, Dubuc AM, Zhukova N, Vanner R, Kros JM, French PJ, Van Meir EG, Vibhakar R, Zitterbart K, Chan JA, Bognár L, Klekner A, Lach B, Jung S, Saad AG, Liau LM, Albrecht S, Zollo M, Cooper MK, Thompson RC, Delattre OO, Bourdeaut F, Doz FF, Garami M, Hauser P, Carlotti CG, Van Meter TE, Massimi L, Fults D, Pomeroy SL, Kumabe T, Ra YS, Leonard JR, Elbabaa SK, Mora J, Rubin JB, Cho YJ, McLendon RE, Bigner DD, Eberhart CG, Fouladi M, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Faria CC, Croul SE, Huang A, Bouffet E, Hawkins CE, Dirks PB, Weiss WA, Schüller U, Pollack IF, Rutkowski S, Meyronet D, Jouvet A, Fèvre-Montange M, Jabado N, Perek-Polnik M, Grajkowska WA, Kim SK, Rutka JT, Malkin D, Tabori U, Pfister SM, Korshunov A, von Deimling A, Taylor MD. TERT promoter mutations are highly recurrent in SHH subgroup medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:917-29. [PMID: 24174164 PMCID: PMC3830749 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations were recently shown to drive telomerase activity in various cancer types, including medulloblastoma. However, the clinical and biological implications of TERT mutations in medulloblastoma have not been described. Hence, we sought to describe these mutations and their impact in a subgroup-specific manner. We analyzed the TERT promoter by direct sequencing and genotyping in 466 medulloblastomas. The mutational distributions were determined according to subgroup affiliation, demographics, and clinical, prognostic, and molecular features. Integrated genomics approaches were used to identify specific somatic copy number alterations in TERT promoter-mutated and wild-type tumors. Overall, TERT promoter mutations were identified in 21 % of medulloblastomas. Strikingly, the highest frequencies of TERT mutations were observed in SHH (83 %; 55/66) and WNT (31 %; 4/13) medulloblastomas derived from adult patients. Group 3 and Group 4 harbored this alteration in <5 % of cases and showed no association with increased patient age. The prognostic implications of these mutations were highly subgroup-specific. TERT mutations identified a subset with good and poor prognosis in SHH and Group 4 tumors, respectively. Monosomy 6 was mostly restricted to WNT tumors without TERT mutations. Hallmark SHH focal copy number aberrations and chromosome 10q deletion were mutually exclusive with TERT mutations within SHH tumors. TERT promoter mutations are the most common recurrent somatic point mutation in medulloblastoma, and are very highly enriched in adult SHH and WNT tumors. TERT mutations define a subset of SHH medulloblastoma with distinct demographics, cytogenetics, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Remke
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - John Peacock
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - David J. H. Shih
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Christian Koelsche
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul A. Northcott
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Hill
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Florence M. G. Cavalli
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen C. Mack
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mark Barszczyk
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Sorana Morrissy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - David T. W. Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Livia Garzia
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Adrian M. Dubuc
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Nataliya Zhukova
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Robert Vanner
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Johan M. Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J. French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Van Meir
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer A. Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Shin Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Chonnam, South Korea
| | - Ali G. Saad
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Linda M. Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael K. Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Reid C. Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Oliver O. Delattre
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François F. Doz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie and University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Miklós Garami
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Hauser
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carlos G. Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy E. Van Meter
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Luca Massimi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Fults
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Scott L. Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, ME USA
| | - Toshiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Young Shin Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeffrey R. Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Samer K. Elbabaa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joshua B. Rubin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | | | - Charles G. Eberhart
- Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | | | - Claudia C. Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children and The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sidney E. Croul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Cynthia E. Hawkins
- Department of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Peter B. Dirks
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children and The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - William A. Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ian F. Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Meyronet
- Neuro-oncology and Neuro-inflammation Team, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Neuroscience Center, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Lyon, 69003 France
| | - Anne Jouvet
- Neuro-oncology and Neuro-inflammation Team, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Neuroscience Center, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Lyon, 69003 France
| | - Michelle Fèvre-Montange
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Marta Perek-Polnik
- Department of Oncology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - James T. Rutka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children and The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children and The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
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