101
|
Chao A, Tsai CL, Jung SM, Chuang WC, Kao C, Hsu A, Chen SH, Lin CY, Lee YC, Lee YS, Wang TH, Wang HS, Lai CH. BAI1-Associated Protein 2-Like 1 (BAIAP2L1) Is a Potential Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222696 PMCID: PMC4519316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1)-associated protein 2-like 1 (BAIAP2L1), also known as insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate (IRTKS), is involved in plasma membrane protrusion and actin formation during cell morphogenesis and migration. BAIAP2L1 is recently reported to promote cell proliferation through activation of the EGFR-ERK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we report the first comprehensive study of BAIAP2L1 upregulation in human ovarian cancer. Upregulation of BAIAP2L1 in ovarian tumors was first found during RNA screening and confirmed by immunohistochemical studies on ovarian cancers and other cancer types. Significant upregulation of BAIAP2L1 in ovarian cancer was validated by analyzing multiple independent cohorts in publicly available data sets. Furthermore, BAIAP2L1 protein expression in metastatic lesions was higher than the corresponding primary tumors. Functional assays in ovarian cancer cells revealed that BAIAP2L1 is involved in promoting cell proliferation and avoiding apoptosis. In conclusion, results of this study not only indicate that BAIAP2L1 can be used as a biomarker for human ovarian cancer but also reveal its role in cancer biology. Further elucidation of the role of BAIAP2L1 in context of the insulin receptor signaling pathways of cancer cells is warranted for developing cancer therapeutics by targeting cancer-specific metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (THW); (YSL)
| | - Tzu-Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (THW); (YSL)
| | - Hsin-Shih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Jiang BH, Tseng WL, Li HY, Wang ML, Chang YL, Sung YJ, Chiou SH. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1: Cellular Pluripotency, Reprogramming, and Tumorogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15531-45. [PMID: 26184161 PMCID: PMC4519911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribos)ylation (PARylation) is the catalytic function of the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (Parps) family for post-translational modification in cellular process. Being a major member of Parps, Parp1 is a crucial nuclear factor with biological significance in modulating DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling through PARylation of downstream proteins. In addition, high expression level and activity of Parp1 are correlated with pluripotent status, reprogramming, and cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic modulation of Parp1 is explored for regulating wide variety of gene expression. Genetic and pharmaceutical disruption of Parp1 further confirmed the importance of Parp1 in cell growth, DNA repair, and reprogramming efficiency. Taken together, the proximity toward the understanding of the modulation of Parp1 including interaction and modification in different fields will provide new insight for future studies. In this review, the biological significance of Parp1 in transcription and the epigenetic modulation of Parp1 in pluripotent status, reprogramming process and cancer will be summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hua Jiang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lien Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yang Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- VGH-YM Genomic Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Jen Sung
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Cogoi S, Zorzet S, Shchekotikhin AE, Xodo LE. Potent Apoptotic Response Induced by Chloroacetamidine Anthrathiophenediones in Bladder Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5476-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Cogoi
- Department
of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe
4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sonia Zorzet
- Department
of Life Science, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 7-9, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Luigi E. Xodo
- Department
of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe
4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Wu PS, Yen JH, Kou MC, Wu MJ. Luteolin and Apigenin Attenuate 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal-Mediated Cell Death through Modulation of UPR, Nrf2-ARE and MAPK Pathways in PC12 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130599. [PMID: 26087007 PMCID: PMC4472230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin and apigenin are dietary flavones and exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) has been implicated as a causative agent in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigates the cytoprotective effects of luteolin and apigenin against 4-HNE-mediated cytotoxicity in neuronal-like catecholaminergic PC12 cells. Both flavones restored cell viability and repressed caspase-3 and PARP-1 activation in 4-HNE-treated cells. Luteolin also mitigated 4-HNE-mediated LC3 conversion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Luteolin and apigenin up-regulated 4-HNE-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to an increase in endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 and decrease in the expression of UPR-targeted pro-apoptotic genes. They also induced the expression of Nrf2-targeted HO-1 and xCT in the absence of 4-HNE, but counteracted their expression in the presence of 4-HNE. Moreover, we found that JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors significantly antagonized the increase in cell viability induced by luteolin and apigenin. Consistently, enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK was observed in luteolin- and apigenin-treated cells. In conclusion, this result shows that luteolin and apigenin activate MAPK and Nrf2 signaling, which elicit adaptive cellular stress response pathways, restore 4-HNE-induced ER homeostasis and inhibit cytotoxicity. Luteolin exerts a stronger cytoprotective effect than apigenin possibly due to its higher MAPK, Nrf2 and UPR activation, and ROS scavenging activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Kou
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Kamiya M, Kawase T, Hayama K, Tsuchimochi M, Okuda K, Yoshie H. X-Ray-Induced Damage to the Submandibular Salivary Glands in Mice: An Analysis of Strain-Specific Responses. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:307-18. [PMID: 26309806 PMCID: PMC4497710 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers often causes xerostomia (dry mouth) by acutely damaging the salivary glands through the induction of severe acute inflammation. By contrast, the mechanism underlying the X-ray-induced delayed salivary dysfunction is unknown and has attracted increasing attention. To identify and develop a mouse model that distinguishes the delayed from the acute effects, we examined three different mouse strains (C57BL/6, ICR, and ICR-nu/nu) that showed distinct T-cell activities to comparatively analyze their responses to X-ray irradiation. Three strains were irradiated with X-rays (25 Gy), and functional changes of the submandibular glands were examined by determining pilocarpine-induced saliva secretion. Structural changes were evaluated using histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of CD3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-xL. In C57BL/6 mice, the X-ray irradiation induced acute inflammation accompanied by severe inflammatory cell infiltration at 4 days postirradiation, causing substantial destruction and significant dysfunction at 2 weeks. Fibrotic repair was observed at 16 weeks. In ICR-nu/nu mice, the inflammation and organ destruction were much milder than in the other mice strains, but increased apoptotic cells and a significant reduction in salivary secretion were observed at 4 and 8 weeks and beyond, respectively. These results suggest that in C57BL/6 mice, X-ray-induced functional and structural damage to the salivary glands is caused mainly by acute inflammation. By contrast, although neither acute inflammation nor organ destruction was observed in ICR-nu/nu mice, apoptotic cell death preceded the dysfunction in salivary secretion in the later phase. These data suggest that the X-ray-irradiated ICR-nu/nu mouse may be a useful animal model for developing more specific therapeutic methods for the delayed dysfunction of salivary glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mana Kamiya
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstitution, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstitution, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Advanced Research Center, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Hayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuchimochi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okuda
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Majeed R, Hussain A, Sangwan PL, Chinthakindi PK, Khan I, Sharma PR, Koul S, Saxena AK, Hamid A. PI3K target based novel cyano derivative of betulinic acid induces its signalling inhibition by down-regulation of pGSK3β and cyclin D1 and potentially checks cancer cell proliferation. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:964-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabiya Majeed
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Aashiq Hussain
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Payare L. Sangwan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; Govt. of India; New Delhi India
| | - Praveen K. Chinthakindi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Imran Khan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Parduman R. Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Surrinder Koul
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Ajit K. Saxena
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu; India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; Govt. of India; New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
κ-Carrageenan from marine red algae, Kappaphycus alvarezii – A functional food to prevent colon carcinogenesis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
108
|
Baumgart T, Kriesen S, Neels O, Hildebrandt G, Manda K. Investigation of epothilone B-induced cell death mechanisms in human epithelial cancer cells -in consideration of combined treatment with ionizing radiation. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:213-24. [PMID: 25919223 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epothilone B was shown to have promising chemo- and radiosensitizing effects on cells, but the mechanisms underlying cell death remain ambiguous. The aim of the study was to examine selected cell death pathways on the basis of FaDu and A549 cells. Western blot analyses were used for investigation of specific apoptotic markers. Immunofluorescence imaging and flow cytometry were utilized for examination of cell death mechanisms. DNA-staining was used for studying influence of epothilone B on micronucleus rate. We showed that epothilone B can initiate cell death via apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, but induction of cell death was cell type specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonja Baumgart
- 1Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Chung HJ, Park KR, Lee HJ, Lee J, Kim JH, Kim YC, Han SY. Effects of KRC-108 on the Aurora A activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:605-11. [PMID: 25912878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aurora A is involved in regulating multiple steps of mitosis. Over-expression of Aurora A is related to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis. KRC-108 is a novel multi-kinase inhibitor which has anti-tumor activity in vivo. In this study, we identified the inhibitory effects of KRC-108 on Aurora A kinase and growth-inhibitory characteristics of KRC-108. The in vitro kinase activity assay, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that KRC-108 inhibited Aurora A activity. KRC-108 exhibited cytotoxicity against human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29. Colony formation assays showed that KRC-108 reduced the colony growth of HT-29 cells. KRC-108 also inhibited migration of HT-29 cells. The expression levels of cyclin B1 and CDC2 were decreased by KRC-108 in HT-29 cells. Cell cycle analysis and flow cytometry indicated that the inhibitory effects of KRC-108 on cell growth are due to induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis by inhibition of Aurora A. KRC-108 induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell line by Aurora A inhibition. The reported in vivo anti-tumor effects of KRC-108 might partly be due to anti-Aurora A effects. This study suggests that KRC-108 has potential for development as an anti-tumor agent, although further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ryang Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Apoptosis in human compressive myelopathy due to metastatic neoplasia. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015; 40:E450-7. [PMID: 25868101 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical assessment of apoptotic markers in human cases of compressive myelopathy due to neoplastic compression. OBJECTIVE To characterize the role of apoptosis in neoplastic compressive myelopathy in human postmortem tissue with extramedullary tumor involvement. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Neoplasms, whether primary or metastatic, may lead to compression of the spinal cord and development of a compressive myelopathy syndrome. Apoptotic processes of cell death are thought to contribute to cell death in chronic compressive myelopathy because of degenerative spondylosis, but this has not previously been described in neoplastic compression. METHODS Six postmortem cases of human neoplastic compressive myelopathy were assessed for apoptosis using a panel of immunohistochemical markers including Fas, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3 and 9, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS Apoptosis was maximal at the site of tumor compression. Glial cells, predominantly oligodendrocytes, were immunopositive for DNA-PKcs, PARP, AIF, and TUNEL. Axons were immunopositive for caspase 3, DNA-PKcs, and AIF. Neurons were immunopositive for DNA-PKcs, PARP, AIF, and TUNEL. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates that apoptosis plays a role in human neoplastic compressive myelopathy. Necrosis dominates the severe end of the spectrum of compression. The prominent oligodendroglial involvement is suggestive that apoptosis may be important in the ongoing remodeling of white matter due to sustained compression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Collapse
|
111
|
Papadopoulos EI, Yousef GM, Scorilas A. Gemcitabine impacts differentially on bladder and kidney cancer cells: distinct modulations in the expression patterns of apoptosis-related microRNAs and BCL2 family genes. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3197-207. [PMID: 25833690 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder and renal cancer are two representative cases of tumors that respond differentially to gemcitabine. Previous studies have shown that gemcitabine can trigger apoptosis in various cancer cells. Herein, we sought to investigate the impact of gemcitabine on the expression levels of the BCL2 family members BCL2, BAX, and BCL2L12 and the apoptosis-related microRNAs miR-182, miR-96, miR-145, and miR-16 in the human bladder and kidney cancer cell lines T24 and Caki-1, respectively. Cancer cells' viability as well as the IC50 doses of gemcitabine were estimated by the MTT assay, while the detection of cleaved PARP via Western blotting was used as an indicator of apoptosis. Furthermore, T24 and Caki-1 cells' ability to recover from treatment was also monitored. Two different highly sensitive quantitative real-time RT-PCR methodologies were developed in order to assess the expression levels of BCL2 family genes and microRNAs. Exposure of cancer cells to gemcitabine produced the IC50 values of 30 and 3 nM for Caki-1 and T24 cells, correspondingly, while cleaved PARP was detected only in Caki-1 cells. T24 cells demonstrated the ability to recover from gemcitabine treatment, whereas Caki-1 cells' recovery capability was dependent on the initial time of exposure. BCL2 and BAX were significantly modulated in treated Caki-1 cells. Instead, T24 cells exhibited alterations only in the latter, as well as in all studied microRNAs. Therefore, according to our data, bladder and renal cancer cells' response to gemcitabine is accompanied by distinct alterations in the expression levels of their apoptosis-related genes and microRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel I Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15701, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Lee JN, Kim SG, Lim JY, Dutta RK, Kim SJ, Choe SK, So HS, Park R. 3-Aminotriazole protects from CoCl2-induced ototoxicity by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in mice. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:781-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
113
|
Cai R, Xue W, Liu S, Petersen RB, Huang K, Zheng L. Overexpression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase prevents neurovascular degeneration after retinal injury. FASEB J 2015; 29:2749-58. [PMID: 25805836 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of many vascular and neuronal diseases. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been found down-regulated or dysfunctional in several tissues upon I/R injury. To investigate the role of GAPDH in retinal I/R injury-induced neurovascular degeneration, the injured retinas of GAPDH transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were analyzed. I/R injury induced neurovascular degeneration, energy failure, DNA damage, and necroptosis in the retinas of WT mice. In contrast, the GAPDH Tg mice showed resistance to all of these injury-induced abnormalities. In addition, I/R-induced effects were further examined in a neuroblastoma cell line and an endothelial cell line, which were transfected with a vector encoding human GAPDH or a control vector. After I/R challenge, energy failure, DNA damage, and elevation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIP) 1/3 were observed in the cells transfected with the control vector. However, overexpression of GAPDH in these cells prevented the injury-induced RIP3 up-regulation by restoring energy production and preventing DNA damage. Together, the protective role of GAPDH in retinal neurovascular degeneration after I/R injury provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of I/R injury and a potential therapeutic target to attenuate I/R injury-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Cai
- *College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Xue
- *College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- *College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- *College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Huang
- *College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zheng
- *College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Repeated low-dose 17β-estradiol treatment prevents activation of apoptotic signaling both in the synaptosomal and cellular fraction in rat prefrontal cortex following cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2015; 83-84:1-8. [PMID: 25777481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance in blood circulation is associated with numerous pathological conditions characterized by cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Activation of pro-apoptotic signaling previously detected in the synaptosomal fraction may underlie neurodegeneration in the prefrontal cortex of rats submitted to permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (two-vessel occlusion, 2VO). 17β-Estradiol (E) exerts potent neuroprotective effects in the brain affecting, among other, ischemia-induced pathological changes. As most significant changes in rats submitted to 2VO were observed on 7th day following the insult, of interest was to examine whether 7 day treatment with low dose of E (33.3 µg/kg/day) prevents formerly reported neurodegeneration and may represent additional therapy during the early post-ischemic period. Role of E treatment on apoptotic pathway was monitored on Bcl-2 family members, cytochrome c, caspase 3 and PARP protein level in the synaptosomal (P2) fraction of the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, changes of these proteins were examined in the cytosolic, mitochondrial and nuclear fraction, with the emphasis on potential involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt) activation and their role in nuclear translocation of transcriptional nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) associated with alteration of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression. The extent of cellular damage was determined using DNA fragmentation and Fluoro-Jade B staining. The absence of activation of apoptotic cascade both in the P2 and cell accompanied with decreased DNA fragmentation and number of degenerating neurons clearly indicates that E treatment ensures the efficient protection against ischemic insult. Moreover, E-mediated modulation of pro-apoptotic signaling in the cortical cellular fractions involves cooperative activation of ERK and Akt, which may be implicated in the observed prevention of neurodegenerative changes.
Collapse
|
115
|
Rogalska A, Marczak A. Epothilone B induces human ovarian cancer OV-90 cell apoptosis via external pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:700-712. [PMID: 25721485 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated molecular events associated with apoptosis induced by Epothilone B (EpoB, Patupilone) and paclitaxel (PTX) in human ovarian papillary serous adenocarcinoma cell line (OV-90). Epothilones are compounds of natural origin with mechanisms of action similar to taxanes, but with more potent antiproliferative activity. Apoptosis was one of the major forms of cell death induced by EpoB. The mode of cell death was assessed colorimetrically, fluorimetrically, cytometry, and by immunoblot analyses through measuring DNA fragmentation, the level of TRAIL, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3. We measured also additional markers of apoptosis, like phosphatidylserine externalization and morphological changes. Moreover, we estimated glycoprotein P (P-gp) activity in OV-90 ovarian cancer cell line. The studies indicated that the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, which is triggered by certain TNF family members and engages their respective receptors on the surface of the target cell, was predominant. We were the first to have demonstrated (using immunoassay) the release of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) after treatment with EpoB. EpoB and PTX mediate activation of both initiator caspases-8 and -9, leading to the appearance of caspase-3. In EpoB treated cells, DNA fragmentation was also detected. EpoB leads to the reduction in DNA repair capacity. In summary, we report that Epothilone B induces apoptosis in OV-90 cells via a TRAIL and caspase 8-dependent pathway. PTX leads to smaller apoptotic events in comparison to EpoB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Kutuzov MM, Khodyreva SN, Ilina ES, Sukhanova MV, Amé JC, Lavrik OI. Interaction of PARP-2 with AP site containing DNA. Biochimie 2015; 112:10-9. [PMID: 25724268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes the stability of genome is provided by functioning of DNA repair systems. One of the main DNA repair pathways in eukaryotes is the base excision repair (BER). This system requires precise regulation for correct functioning. Two members of the PARP family - PARP-1 and PARP-2, which can be activated by DNA damage - are widely considered as regulators of DNA repair processes, including BER. In contrast to PARP-1, the role of PARP-2 in BER has not been extensively studied yet. Since AP site is one of the most frequent type of DNA damage and a key intermediate of BER at the stage preceding formation of DNA breaks, in this paper we focused on the characterization of PARP-2 interaction with AP site-containing DNAs. We demonstrated that PARP-2, like PARP-1, can interact with the intact AP site via Schiff base formation, in spite of crucial difference in the structure of the DNA binding domains of these PARPs. By cross-linking of PARPs to AP DNA, we determined that the N-terminal domains of both PARPs are involved in formation of cross-links with AP DNA. We have also confirmed that DNA binding by PARP-2, in contrast to PARP-1, is not modulated by autoPARylation. PARP-2, like PARP-1, can inhibit the activity of APE1 by binding to AP site, but, in contrast to PARP-1, this inhibitory influence is hardly regulated by PAR synthesis. At the same time, 5'-dRP lyase activity of both PARPs is comparable, although being much weaker than that of Pol β, which is considered as the main 5'-dRP lyase of the BER process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail M Kutuzov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Khodyreva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Ilina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria V Sukhanova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jean-Christophe Amé
- UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, MEDALIS, ESBS, Illkirch, France
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Singh K, Poteryakhina A, Zheltukhin A, Bhatelia K, Prajapati P, Sripada L, Tomar D, Singh R, Singh AK, Chumakov PM, Singh R. NLRX1 acts as tumor suppressor by regulating TNF-α induced apoptosis and metabolism in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1073-86. [PMID: 25639646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironment plays an important role at different stages of tumor development. The specific mechanisms of the association and its role in providing a survival advantage to the tumor cells are not well understood. Mitochondria are emerging as a central platform for the assembly of signaling complexes regulating inflammatory pathways, including the activation of type-I IFN and NF-κB. These complexes in turn may affect metabolic functions of mitochondria and promote tumorigenesis. NLRX1, a mitochondrial NOD-like receptor protein, regulate inflammatory pathways, however its role in regulation of cross talk of cell death and metabolism and its implication in tumorigenesis is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that NLRX1 sensitizes cells to TNF-α induced cell death by activating Caspase-8. In the presence of TNF-α, NLRX1 and active subunits of Caspase-8 are preferentially localized to mitochondria and regulate the mitochondrial ROS generation. NLRX1 regulates mitochondrial Complex I and Complex III activities to maintain ATP levels in the presence of TNF-α. The expression of NLRX1 compromises clonogenicity, anchorage-independent growth, migration of cancer cells in vitro and suppresses tumorigenicity in vivo in nude mice. We conclude that NLRX1 acts as a potential tumor suppressor by regulating the TNF-α induced cell death and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritarth Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Andrei Zheltukhin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Khyati Bhatelia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Paresh Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Lakshmi Sripada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rochika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Arun K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Lee YH, Chen RS, Chang NC, Lee KR, Huang CT, Huang YC, Ho FM. Synergistic Impact of Nicotine and Shear Stress Induces Cytoskeleton Collapse and Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2220-30. [PMID: 25631203 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is the major component in cigarette smoke and has been recognized as a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. However, the definite pathogenesis of nicotine-mediated endothelial dysfunction remains unclear because hemodynamic factor in most of prior in vitro studies was excluded. To understand how nicotine affects endothelium in the dynamic environment, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated by different laminar shear stresses (LSS; 0, 6, 8, and 12 dynes cm(-2)) with and without 10(-4) M nicotine for 12 h in a parallel plate flow system, following detections of cellular morphology and apoptotic level. Our results showed that cells sheared by 12 dynes cm(-2) LSS with nicotine excessively elongated and aligned with the flow direction, and exhibited significant apoptosis as compared to the groups with nicotine or LSS alone. We reasoned that the irregular morphological rearrangement and elevated apoptosis were resulted from the interruption of mechanostasis due to cytoskeletal collapse. Furthermore, all the impaired responses can be rescued by treatment with free radical scavenger ascorbic acid (10(-4) M), indicating oxidative stress was likely mediated with the impairments. In summary, our findings demonstrated an essential role of LSS in nicotine-mediated endothelial injury occurring in the physiological environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Lin ZYC, Hirano T, Shibata S, Seki NM, Kitajima R, Sedohara A, Siomi MC, Sasaki E, Siomi H, Imamura M, Okano H. Gene expression ontogeny of spermatogenesis in the marmoset uncovers primate characteristics during testicular development. Dev Biol 2015; 400:43-58. [PMID: 25624265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis has been investigated extensively in rodents and a strictly controlled developmental process has been defined at cellular and molecular levels. In comparison, primate spermatogenesis has been far less well characterized. However, important differences between primate and rodent spermatogenesis are emerging so it is not always accurate to extrapolate findings in rodents to primate systems. Here, we performed an extensive immunofluorescence study of spermatogenesis in neonatal, juvenile, and adult testes in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) to determine primate-specific patterns of gene expression that underpin primate germ cell development. Initially we characterized adult spermatogonia into two main classes; mitotically active C-KIT(+)Ki67(+) cells and mitotically quiescent SALL4(+)PLZF(+)LIN28(+)DPPA4(+) cells. We then explored the expression of a set of markers, including PIWIL1/MARWI, VASA, DAZL, CLGN, RanBPM, SYCP1 and HAPRIN, during germ cell differentiation from early spermatocytes through round and elongating spermatids, and a clear program of gene expression changes was determined as development proceeded. We then examined the juvenile marmoset testis. Markers of gonocytes demonstrated two populations; one that migrates to the basal membrane where they form the SALL4(+) or C-KIT(+) spermatogonia, and another that remains in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. This later population, historically identified as pre-spermatogonia, expressed meiotic and apoptotic markers and were eliminated because they appear to have failed to correctly migrate. Our findings provide the first platform of gene expression dynamics in adult and developing germ cells of the common marmoset. Although we have characterized a limited number of genes, these results will facilitate primate spermatogenesis research and understanding of human reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takamasa Hirano
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naomi M Seki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Kitajima
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Ayako Sedohara
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Mikiko C Siomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Siomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masanori Imamura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Li J, Diaz J, Wang X, Tsang SH, You J. Phosphorylation of Merkel cell polyomavirus large tumor antigen at serine 816 by ATM kinase induces apoptosis in host cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1874-84. [PMID: 25480786 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.594895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) infection and DNA integration into the host genome correlate with 80% of all Merkel cell carcinoma cases. Integration of the MCV genome frequently results in mutations in the large tumor antigen (LT), leading to expression of a truncated LT that retains pRB binding but with a deletion of the C-terminal domain. Studies from our laboratory and others have shown that the MCV LT C-terminal helicase domain contains growth-inhibiting properties. Additionally, we have shown that host DNA damage response factors are recruited to viral replication centers. In this study, we identified a novel MCV LT phosphorylation site at Ser-816 in the C-terminal domain. We demonstrate that activation of the ATM pathway stimulated MCV LT phosphorylation at Ser-816, whereas inhibition of ATM kinase activity prevented LT phosphorylation at this site. In vitro phosphorylation experiments confirmed that ATM kinase is responsible for phosphorylating MCV LT at Ser-816. Finally, we show that ATM kinase-mediated MCV LT Ser-816 phosphorylation may contribute to the anti-tumorigenic properties of the MCV LT C-terminal domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- From the The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Jason Diaz
- the Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Xin Wang
- the Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44295
| | - Sabrina H Tsang
- the Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Jianxin You
- the Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
TNF-α regulates miRNA targeting mitochondrial complex-I and induces cell death in dopaminergic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:451-61. [PMID: 25481834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurological disorder of the elderly population and majorly shows the selective loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the brain. The mechanisms leading to increased cell death of DAergic neurons are not well understood. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine is elevated in blood, CSF and striatum region of the brain in PD patients. The increased level of TNF-α and its role in pathogenesis of PD are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the role of TNF-α in the regulation of cell death and miRNA mediated mitochondrial functions using, DAergic cell line, SH-SY5Y (model of dopaminergic neuron degeneration akin to PD). The cells treated with low dose of TNF-α for prolonged period induce cell death which was rescued in the presence of zVAD.fmk, a caspase inhibitor and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant. TNF-α alters mitochondrial complex-I activity, decreases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, increases reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial turnover through autophagy. TNF-α differentially regulates miRNA expression involved in pathogenesis of PD. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the putative targets of altered miRNA included both pro/anti apoptotic genes and subunits of mitochondrial complex. The cells treated with TNF-α showed decreased level of nuclear encoded transcript of mitochondrial complexes, the target of miRNA. To our knowledge, the evidences in the current study demonstrated that TNF-α is a potential regulator of miRNAs which may regulate mitochondrial functions and neuronal cell death, having important implication in pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
|
122
|
Liu MM, Chen XY, Huang YQ, Feng P, Guo YL, Yang G, Chen Y. Hybrids of phenylsulfonylfuroxan and coumarin as potent antitumor agents. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9343-56. [PMID: 25350923 DOI: 10.1021/jm500613m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen furoxan-based nitric oxide (NO) releasing coumarin derivatives (6a-c, 8a-g, 10a, 13a,b, 15, and 17a,b) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against the A549, HeLa, A2780, A2780/CDDP, and HUVEC cell lines. Most derivatives displayed potent antiproliferation activities. Among them, 8b exhibited the strongest antiproliferation activity on the four sensitive cell lines mentioned above and three drug resistant tumor cell lines A2780/CDDP, MDA-MB-231/Gem, and SKOV3/CDDP with IC50 values from 14 to 53 nM and from 62 to 140 nM, respectively. Furthermore, 8b inhibited the growth of A2780 in vivo and displayed lower toxicity on nontumorigenesis T29, showing good selectivity against malignant cells in vitro. Preliminary pharmacological studies showed that 8b induces apoptosis, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in the A2780 cell line, and disrupts the phosphorylation of MEK1 and ERK1. Overall, the NO-releasing capacity and the inhibition of ERK/MAPK pathway signaling may explain the potent antineoplastic activity of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Martínez-Fernández de la Cámara C, Olivares-González L, Hervás D, Salom D, Millán JM, Rodrigo R. Infliximab reduces Zaprinast-induced retinal degeneration in cultures of porcine retina. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:172. [PMID: 25301432 PMCID: PMC4200228 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) mutations cause around 4 to 5% of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a rare form of retinal dystrophy. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in the progression of RP. The aims of this study were to corroborate the presence of high TNFα concentration in the eyes of RP patients and to evaluate whether the blockade of TNFα with Infliximab, a monoclonal anti-TNFα antibody, prevented retinal degeneration induced by PDE6 inhibition in cultures of porcine retina. Methods Aqueous humor from 30 patients with RP and 13 healthy controls were used to quantify the inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10 by a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Retinal explants from pig were exposed to Zaprinast, a PDE6 inhibitor, for 24 hours in the absence or the presence of Infliximab. Cell death was evaluated by TUNEL assay. The number and distribution of caspase-3 positive cells, indirect poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP) activation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) content were visualized by immunolabeling. Antioxidant total capacity, nitrites and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation were determined to evaluate antioxidant-oxidant status. Results IL-6 and TNFα concentrations were higher in the aqueous humor of RP patients than in controls. Infliximab prevented retinal degeneration, as judging by the reduced presence of TUNEL-positive cells, the reduction of caspase-3 activation and also reduction of glial activation, in an ex vivo model of porcine retina. Additionally, Infliximab partially reduced oxidative stress in retinal explants exposed to Zaprinast. Conclusions Inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNFα were elevated in the aqueous humor of RP patients corroborating previous studies suggesting sustained chronic inflammation. Our study suggests that TNFα is playing an important role in cell death in an ex vivo model of retinal degeneration by activating different cell pathways at different cell layers of the retina that should be further studied. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0172-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
124
|
Ivanović-Matić S, Bogojević D, Martinović V, Petrović A, Jovanović-Stojanov S, Poznanović G, Grigorov I. Catalase inhibition in diabetic rats potentiates DNA damage and apoptotic cell death setting the stage for cardiomyopathy. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:947-59. [PMID: 25298180 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that has a multifactorial etiology, with oxidative stress as an important component. Our previous observation of a significant diabetes-related increase in rat cardiac catalase (CAT) activity suggested that CAT could play a major role in delaying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, in the present work, we examined the effects of the daily administration of the CAT inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (1 mg/g), on the hearts of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Administration of CAT inhibitor was started from the 15th day after the last STZ treatment (40 mg/kg/5 days), and maintained until the end of the 4th or 6th weeks of diabetes. Compared to untreated diabetic rats, at the end of the observation period, CAT inhibition lowered the induced level of cardiac CAT activity to the basal level and decreased CAT protein expression, mediated through a decline in the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 /nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (Nrf2/NF-κB p65) subunit ratio. The perturbed antioxidant defenses resulting from CAT inhibition promoted increased H₂O₂production (P < 0.05) and lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05). Generated cytotoxic stimuli increased DNA damage (P < 0.05) and activated pro-apoptotic events, observed as a decrease (P < 0.05) in the ratio of the apoptosis regulator proteins Bcl-2/Bax, increased (P < 0.05) presence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) 85 kDa apoptotic fragment and cytoplasmic levels of cytochrome C. These findings confirm an important function of CAT in the suppression of events leading to diabetes-promoted cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ivanović-Matić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Owonikoko TK, Zhang G, Deng X, Rossi MR, Switchenko JM, Doho GH, Chen Z, Kim S, Strychor S, Christner SM, Beumer J, Li C, Yue P, Chen A, Sica GL, Ramalingam SS, Kowalski J, Khuri FR, Sun SY. Poly (ADP) ribose polymerase enzyme inhibitor, veliparib, potentiates chemotherapy and radiation in vitro and in vivo in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1579-94. [PMID: 25124282 PMCID: PMC4298385 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) plays a key role in DNA repair and is highly expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We investigated the therapeutic impact of PARP inhibition in SCLC. In vitro cytotoxicity of veliparib, cisplatin, carboplatin, and etoposide singly and combined was determined by MTS in 9 SCLC cell lines (H69, H128, H146, H526, H187, H209, DMS53, DMS153, and DMS114). Subcutaneous xenografts in athymic nu/nu mice of H146 and H128 cells with relatively high and low platinum sensitivity, respectively, were employed for in vivo testing. Mechanisms of differential sensitivity of SCLC cell lines to PARP inhibition were investigated by comparing protein and gene expression profiles of the platinum sensitive and the less sensitive cell lines. Veliparib showed limited single-agent cytotoxicity but selectively potentiated (≥50% reduction in IC50) cisplatin, carboplatin, and etoposide in vitro in five of nine SCLC cell lines. Veliparib with cisplatin or etoposide or with both cisplatin and etoposide showed greater delay in tumor growth than chemotherapy alone in H146 but not H128 xenografts. The potentiating effect of veliparib was associated with in vitro cell line sensitivity to cisplatin (CC = 0.672; P = 0.048) and DNA-PKcs protein modulation. Gene expression profiling identified differential expression of a 5-gene panel (GLS, UBEC2, HACL1, MSI2, and LOC100129585) in cell lines with relatively greater sensitivity to platinum and veliparib combination. Veliparib potentiates standard cytotoxic agents against SCLC in a cell-specific manner. This potentiation correlates with platinum sensitivity, DNA-PKcs expression and a 5-gene expression profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
PARP1-driven apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:106713. [PMID: 25161998 PMCID: PMC4137605 DOI: 10.1155/2014/106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is considered a malignancy resulting from defects in apoptosis. For this reason, targeting apoptotic pathways in CLL may be valuable for its management. Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) is the main member of a family of nuclear enzymes that act as DNA damage sensors. Through binding on DNA damaged structures, PARP1 recruits repair enzymes and serves as a survival factor, but if the damage is severe enough, its action may lead the cell to apoptosis through caspase activation, or necrosis. We measured the PARP1 mRNA and protein pretreatment levels in 26 patients with CLL and the corresponding posttreatment levels in 15 patients after 3 cycles of immunochemotherapy, as well as in 15 healthy blood donors. No difference was found between the pre- and posttreatment levels of PARP1, but we found a statistically significant relative increase of the 89 kDa fragment of PARP1 that is cleaved by caspases in the posttreatment samples, indicating PARP1-related apoptosis in CLL patients after treatment. Our findings constitute an important step in the field, especially in the era of PARP1 inhibitors, and may serve as a base for future clinical trials with these agents in CLL.
Collapse
|
127
|
Patel MR, Jacobson BA, Belgum H, Raza A, Sadiq A, Drees J, Wang H, Jay-Dixon J, Etchison R, Federspiel MJ, Russell SJ, Kratzke RA. Measles vaccine strains for virotherapy of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 9:1101-10. [PMID: 25157763 PMCID: PMC4145613 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncolytic virus therapy is a promising therapy for numerous tumor types. Edmonston-strain measles virus (MV) has been tested in clinical trials for ovarian cancer, glioma, and myeloma. Therefore, the antitumor activity of MV against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was assessed. METHODS Human NSCLC cells and immortalized lung epithelial cell lines, Beas2B, were infected with either MV-producing green fluorescent protein or MV-producing carcinoembryonic antigen. Cells were assessed for viability, induction of apoptosis by caspase and poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, and for viral transgene production. The dependency of MV entry on CD46 and nectin-4 were determined using blocking antibodies. The role of host translational activity on viral replication was assessed by overexpression of eIF4E and translation inhibition. Antitumor activity was assessed by measuring treated NSCLC xenografts from flanks of nude mice. RESULTS MV infection of NSCLC cells results in potent cell killing in most of the cell lines compared with immortalized Beas2B cells and induces apoptosis. MV infection was prevented by blocking of CD46, however independent of nectin-4 blockade. Tumor weights are diminished after intratumoral injections of MV-producing carcinoembryonic antigen in one of two cell lines and result in detectable viral transgene in serum of mice. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that MV is oncolytic for human NSCLC and this was independent of nectin-4 expression. Dysregulated protein translational machinery may play a role in determining tumor tropism in NSCLC. MV combined with gemcitabine could be explored further as chemovirotherapy for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish R Patel
- *Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and †Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Medical Center, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Rogalska A, Gajek A, Marczak A. Epothilone B induces extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:675-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
129
|
Castri P, Lee YJ, Ponzio T, Maric D, Spatz M, Bembry J, Hallenbeck J. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and its cleavage products differentially modulate cellular protection through NF-kappaB-dependent signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:640-51. [PMID: 24333653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and its cleavage products regulate cell viability and NF-kappaB activity when expressed in neurons. PARP-1 cleavage generates a 24 kDa (PARP-1(24)) and an 89 kDa fragment (PARP-1(89)). Compared to WT (PARP-1WT), the expression of an uncleavable PARP-1 (PARP-1(UNCL)) or of PARP-1(24) conferred protection from oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) or OGD/restoration of oxygen and glucose (ROG) damage in vitro, whereas expression of PARP-1(89) was cytotoxic. Viability experiments were performed in SH-SY5Y, a human neuroblastoma cell line, as well as in rat primary cortical neurons. Following OGD, the higher viability in the presence of PARP-1UNCL or PARP-1(24) was not accompanied with decreased formation of poly(ADP-riboses) or higher NAD levels. PARP-1 is a known cofactor for NF-kappaB, hence we investigated whether PARP-1 cleavage influences the inflammatory response. All PARP-1 constructs mimicked PARP-1WT in regard to induction of NF-kappaB translocation into the nucleus and its increased activation during ischemic challenge. However, expression of PARP-1(89) construct induced significantly higher NF-kB activity than PARP-1WT; and the same was true for NF-kappaB-dependent iNOS promoter binding activity. At a protein level, PARP-1UNCL and PARP-1(24) decreased iNOS (and lower levels of iNOS transcript) and COX-2, and increased Bcl-xL The increased levels of NF-kB and iNOS transcriptional activities, seen with cytotoxic PARP-189, were accompanied by higher protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS (and higher levels of INOS transcript) and lower protein expression of Bcl-xL Taken together, these findings suggest that PARP-1 cleavage products may regulate cellular viability and inflammatory responses in opposing ways during in vitro models of "ischemia".
Collapse
|
130
|
High-dialysate-glucose-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:642793. [PMID: 24891925 PMCID: PMC4026970 DOI: 10.1155/2014/642793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) are a critical component of the peritoneal membrane and play a pivotal role in dialysis adequacy. Loss of HPMCs can contribute to complications in peritoneal dialysis. Compelling evidence has shown that high-dialysate glucose is a key factor causing functional changes and cell death in HPMCs. We investigated the mechanism of HPMC apoptosis induced by high-dialysate glucose, particularly the role of mitochondria in the maintenance of HPMCs. HPMCs were incubated at glucose concentrations of 5 mM, 84 mM, 138 mM, and 236 mM. Additionally, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as an antioxidant to clarify the mechanism of high-dialysate-glucose-induced apoptosis. Exposing HPMCs to high-dialysate glucose resulted in substantial apoptosis with cytochrome c release, followed by caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. High-dialysate glucose induced excessive reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation as well as oxidative damage to DNA. Mitochondrial fragmentation, multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions, and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential were also observed. The mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death were suppressed using NAC. These results indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main causes of high-dialysate-glucose-induced HPMC apoptosis.
Collapse
|
131
|
Chen R, Huo L, Shi X, Bai R, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Chang Y, Chen C. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles is an earlier biomarker for nanotoxicological evaluation. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2562-2574. [PMID: 24490819 DOI: 10.1021/nn406184r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used in cosmetics and sunscreens, advanced textiles, self-charging and electronic devices; the potential for human exposure and the health impact at each stage of their manufacture and use are attracting great concerns. In addition to pulmonary damage, nanoparticle exposure is also strongly correlated with the increase in incidences of cardiovascular diseases; however, their toxic potential remains largely unclear. Herein, we investigated the cellular responses and endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress induced by ZnO NPs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in comparison with the Zn2+ ions and CeO2 NPs. We found that the dissolved zinc ion was the most significant factor for cytotoxicity in HUVECs. More importantly, ZnO NPs at noncytotoxic concentration, but not CeO2 NPs, can induce significant cellular ER stress response with higher expression of spliced xbp-1, chop, and caspase-12 at the mRNA level, and associated ER marker proteins including BiP, Chop, GADD34, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, and cleaved Caspase-12 at the protein levels. Moreover, ER stress was widely activated after treatment with ZnO NPs, while six of 84 marker genes significantly increased. ER stress response is a sensitive marker for checking the interruption of ER homeostasis by ZnO NPs. Furthermore, higher dosage of ZnO NPs (240 μM) quickly rendered ER stress response before inducing apoptosis. These results demonstrate that ZnO NPs activate ER stress-responsive pathway and the ER stress response might be used as an earlier and sensitive end point for nanotoxicological study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China , Beijing 100090, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Hepatoprotective effects of melatonin against pronecrotic cellular events in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:441-50. [PMID: 24604251 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated damage to liver tissue underlies the pathological alterations in liver morphology and function that are observed in diabetes. We examined the effects of the antioxidant action of melatonin against necrosis-inducing DNA damage in hepatocytes of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Daily administration of melatonin (0.2 mg/kg) was initiated 3 days before diabetes induction and maintained for 4 weeks. Melatonin-treated diabetic rats exhibited improved markers of liver injury (P < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. Melatonin prevented the diabetes-related morphological deterioration of hepatocytes, DNA damage (P < 0.05), and hepatocellular necrosis. The improvement was due to containment of the pronecrotic oxygen radical load, observed as inhibition (P < 0.05) of the diabetes-induced rise in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide increase in the liver. This was accompanied by improved necrotic markers of cellular damage: a significant reduction in cleavage of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) into necrotic 55- and 62-kDa fragments, and inhibition of nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation and accumulation in the serum of the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein. We conclude that melatonin is hepatoprotective in diabetes. It reduces extensive DNA damage and resulting necrotic processes. Melatonin application could thus present a viable therapeutic option in the management of diabetes-induced liver injury.
Collapse
|
133
|
Antiviral signaling protein MITA acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by regulating NF-κB induced cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:144-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
134
|
Pinazo-Durán MD, Gómez-Ulla F, Arias L, Araiz J, Casaroli-Marano R, Gallego-Pinazo R, García-Medina JJ, López-Gálvez MI, Manzanas L, Salas A, Zapata M, Diaz-Llopis M, García-Layana A. Do nutritional supplements have a role in age macular degeneration prevention? J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:901686. [PMID: 24672708 PMCID: PMC3941929 DOI: 10.1155/2014/901686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids ( ω -3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω -3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω -3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω -3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Pinazo-Durán
- University of Valencia, Spain ; The Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gómez-Ulla
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; The Institute Gomez-Ulla, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Foundation RetinaPlus, Spain
| | - Luis Arias
- University of Barcelona, Spain ; Retina Section, Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Araiz
- Vitreous and Retina Department, UPV/EHU and Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ricardo Casaroli-Marano
- Clinic Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
- Macula Section, Department of Ophthalmology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose J García-Medina
- University of Murcia, General University Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain ; Ophthalmic Reseach Unit "Santiago Grisolia", Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel López-Gálvez
- The University of Valladolid, Diabetes and Telemedicine Unit at the IOBA, Spain ; The Retina Unit of the Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lucía Manzanas
- The University of Valladolid, Spain ; The Vitreo-Retina Unit of the Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Anna Salas
- Research Institute of the Hospital of Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Zapata
- Retina Section of the Hospital of Vall Hebron, The Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Diaz-Llopis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain ; University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Qi Z, Liu M, Liu Y, Zhang M, Yang G. Tetramethoxychalcone, a chalcone derivative, suppresses proliferation, blocks cell cycle progression, and induces apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106206. [PMID: 25180593 PMCID: PMC4152132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antitumor functions of a synthetic chalcone derivative 4,3',4',5'- tetramethoxychalcone (TMOC) in ovarian cancer cells. We found that TMOC inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of cisplatin sensitive cell line A2780 and resistant cell line A2780/CDDP, as well as ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment of A2780 cells with TMOC resulted in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4, and the up-regulation of p16, p21 and p27 proteins. We demonstrated that TMOC might induce cell apoptosis through suppressing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but enhancing the expression of Bax and the cleavage of PARP-1. Treatment of TMOC also reduced the invasion and migration of A2780 cells. Finally, we found that TMOC inhibited the constitutive activation of STAT3 signaling pathway and induced the expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN regardless of the p53 status in cell lines. These data suggest that TMOC may be developed as a potential chemotherapeutic agent to effectively treat certain cancers including ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qi
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (GY)
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Central Laboratory, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (GY)
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Singh B, Guru SK, Kour S, Jain SK, Sharma R, Sharma PR, Singh SK, Bhushan S, Bharate SB, Vishwakarma RA. Synthesis, antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:864-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
137
|
Dinicola S, Morini V, Coluccia P, Proietti S, D'Anselmi F, Pasqualato A, Masiello MG, Palombo A, De Toma G, Bizzarri M, Cucina A. Nicotine increases survival in human colon cancer cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2256-63. [PMID: 24095863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is implicated in the development of colon cancer. Furthermore, nicotine increases cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) activation in human colon carcinoma cells. An open issue is whether nicotine interfere with colorectal cancer pharmacological treatment, by inhibiting drug-mediated apoptosis. To assess this hypothesis, we evaluated nicotine effect on Caco-2 and HCT-8 colon cancer cells, treated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Camptothecin (CPT), chemotherapeutics commonly utilized as adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. Nicotine decreased anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects exerted by chemotherapeutics on both cell lines. These effects partially reverted by exposure to α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX), an inhibitor of α7-nAChR. Nicotine addition to Caco-2 and HCT-8, treated with 5-FU or CPT, decreased the cleavage of substrate of caspase 3 and 7, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Moreover, P-ERK/ERK ratio was modified by nicotine addition to 5-FU and CPT treated cells in an opposite manner. However, when co-administrating PD98059, an ERK phosphorylation inhibitor, an increased apoptosis was observed. In Caco-2 and HCT-8 nicotine reverted 5-FU and CPT apoptotic effects through AKT phosphorylation, as demonstrated by apoptotic increase in presence of LY294002, an AKT phosphorylation inhibitor. Nicotine interfered with colorectal cancer pharmacological treatment in vitro by inhibiting apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Nicotine anti-apoptotic effects were exerted through ERK and AKT pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazza Sassari 3, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Tiloke C, Phulukdaree A, Chuturgoon AA. The antiproliferative effect of Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract on cancerous human alveolar epithelial cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:226. [PMID: 24041017 PMCID: PMC3852616 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of lung cancer is expected to increase due to increases in exposure to airborne pollutants and cigarette smoke. Moringa oleifera (MO), a medicinal plant found mainly in Asia and South Africa is used in the traditional treatment of various ailments including cancer. This study investigated the antiproliferative effect of MO leaf extract (MOE) in cancerous A549 lung cells. METHODS A crude aqueous leaf extract was prepared and the cells were treated with 166.7 μg/ml MOE (IC50) for 24 h and assayed for oxidative stress (TBARS and Glutathione assays), DNA fragmentation (comet assay) and caspase (3/7 and 9) activity. In addition, the expression of Nrf2, p53, Smac/DIABLO and PARP-1 was determined by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of Nrf2 and p53 was assessed using qPCR. RESULTS A significant increase in reactive oxygen species with a concomitant decrease in intracellular glutathione levels (p < 0.001) in MOE treated A549 cells was observed. MOE showed a significant reduction in Nrf2 protein expression (1.89-fold, p < 0.05) and mRNA expression (1.44-fold). A higher level of DNA fragmentation (p < 0.0001) was seen in the MOE treated cells. MOE's pro-apoptotic action was confirmed by the significant increase in p53 protein expression (1.02-fold, p < 0.05), p53 mRNA expression (1.59-fold), caspase-9 (1.28-fold, p < 0.05), caspase-3/7 (1.52-fold) activities and an enhanced expression of Smac/DIABLO. MOE also caused the cleavage and activation of PARP-1 into 89 KDa and 24 KDa fragments (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION MOE exerts antiproliferative effects in A549 lung cells by increasing oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation and inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlette Tiloke
- Postal address: Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella, 4013, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Postal address: Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella, 4013, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Abstract
FUS1/TUSC2 is a mitochondrial tumor suppressor with activity to regulate cellular oxidative stress by maintaining balanced ROS production and mitochondrial homeostasis. Fus1 expression is inhibited by ROS, suggesting that individuals with a high level of ROS may have lower Fus1 in normal tissues and, thus, may be more prone to oxidative stress-induced side effects of cancer treatment, including radiotherapy. As the role of Fus1 in the modulation of cellular radiosensitivity is unknown, we set out to determine molecular mechanisms of Fus1 involvement in the IR response in normal tissues. Mouse whole-body irradiation methodology was employed to determine the role for Fus1 in the radiation response and explore underlying molecular mechanisms. Fus1(-/-) mice were more susceptible to radiation compared with Fus1(+/+) mice, exhibiting increased mortality and accelerated apoptosis of the GI crypt epithelial cells. Following untimely reentrance into the cell cycle, the Fus1(-/-) GI crypt cells died at accelerated rate via mitotic catastrophe that resulted in diminished and/or delayed crypt regeneration after irradiation. At the molecular level, dysregulated dynamics of activation of main IR response proteins (p53, NFκB, and GSK-3β), as well as key signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress response (SOD2, PRDX1, and cytochrome c), apoptosis (BAX and PARP1), cell cycle (Cyclins B1 and D1), and DNA repair (γH2AX) were found in Fus1(-/-) cells after irradiation. Increased radiosensitivity of other tissues, such as immune cells and hair follicles was also detected in Fus1(-/-) mice. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown radioprotective function of the mitochondrial tumor suppressor Fus1 in normal tissues and suggest new individualized therapeutic approaches based on Fus1 expression.
Collapse
|
140
|
Myhre S, Lingjærde OC, Hennessy BT, Aure MR, Carey MS, Alsner J, Tramm T, Overgaard J, Mills GB, Børresen-Dale AL, Sørlie T. Influence of DNA copy number and mRNA levels on the expression of breast cancer related proteins. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:704-18. [PMID: 23562353 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For a panel of cancer related proteins, the aim was to shed light on which molecular level the expression of each protein was mainly regulated in breast tumors, and to investigate whether differences in regulation were reflected in different molecular subtypes. DNA, mRNA and protein lysates from 251 breast tumor specimens were analyzed using appropriate microarray technologies. Data from all three levels were available for 52 proteins selected for their known involvement in cancer, primarily through the PI3K/Akt pathway. For every protein, in cis Spearman rank correlations between the three molecular levels were calculated across all samples and within each intrinsic gene expression subtype, enabling 63 comparisons altogether due to multiple gene probes matching to single proteins. Subtype-specific relationships between the three molecular levels were studied by calculating the variance of subtype-specific correlation and differences between overall and average subtype-specific correlation. The findings were validated in an external dataset comprising 703 breast tumor specimens. The proteins were sorted into four groups based on the calculated rank correlation values between the three molecular levels. Group A consisted of eight proteins with significant correlation between DNA copy number levels and mRNA expression, and between mRNA expression and protein expression (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05). Group B consisted of 14 proteins with significant correlation between mRNA expression and protein expression. Group C consisted of 15 proteins with significant correlation between copy number levels and mRNA expression. For the remaining 25 proteins (group D), no significant correlations was observed. Stratification of tumors according to intrinsic subtype enabled identification of positive correlations between copy number levels, mRNA and protein expression that were undetectable when considering the entire sample set. Protein pairings that either demonstrated high variance in correlation values between subtypes, or between subtypes and the total dataset were studied in particular. The protein expression of cleaved caspase 7 was most highly expressed, and correlated highest to CASP7 gene expression within the basal-like subtype, accompanied by the lowest amounts of hsa-miR-29c. Luminal A-like subtype demonstrated highest amounts of hsa-miR-29c (a miRNA with a putative target sequence in CASP7 mRNA), low expression of cleaved caspase 7 and low correlation to CASP7 gene expression. Such pattern might be an indication of hsa-miR-29c miRNA functioning as a repressor of translation of CASP7 within the luminal-A subtype. Across the entire cohort no correlation was found between CCNB1 copy number and gene expression. However, within most gene intrinsic subtypes, mRNA and protein expression of cyclin B1 was found positively correlated to copy number data, suggesting that copy number can affect the overall expression of this protein. Aberrations of cyclin B1 copy number also identified patients with reduced overall survival within each subtype. Based on correlation between the three molecular levels, genes and their products could be sorted into four groups for which the expression was likely to be regulated at different molecular levels. Further stratification suggested subtype-specific regulation that was not evident across the entire sample set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simen Myhre
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Hassler M, Ladurner AG. Towards a structural understanding of PARP1 activation and related signalling ADP-ribosyl-transferases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2012; 22:721-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
142
|
Abstract
Pyridine nucleotides (PNs), such as NAD(H) and NADP(H), mediate electron transfer in many catabolic and anabolic processes. In general, NAD(+) and NADP(+) receive electrons to become NADH and NADPH by coupling with catabolic processes. These electrons are utilized for biologically essential reactions such as ATP production, anabolism and cellular oxidation-reduction (redox) regulation. Thus, in addition to ATP, NADH and NADPH could be defined as high-energy intermediates and "molecular units of currency" in energy transfer. We discuss the significance of PNs as energy/electron transporters and signal transducers, in regulating cell death and/or survival processes. In the first part of this review, we describe the role of NADH and NADPH as electron donors for NADPH oxidases (Noxs), glutathione (GSH), and thioredoxin (Trx) systems in cellular redox regulation. Noxs produce superoxide/hydrogen peroxide yielding oxidative environment, whereas GSH and Trx systems protect against oxidative stress. We then describe the role of NAD(+) and NADH as signal transducers through NAD(+)-dependent enzymes such as PARP-1 and Sirt1. PARP-1 is activated by damaged DNA in order to repair the DNA, which attenuates energy production through NAD(+) consumption; Sirt1 is activated by an increased NAD(+)/NADH ratio to facilitate signal transduction for metabolic adaption as well as stress responses. We conclude that PNs serve as an important interface for distinct cellular responses, including stress response, energy metabolism, and cell survival/death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Oka
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UMDNJ-Newark, 185 S Orange Ave, MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Recruitment of the tumour suppressor protein p73 by Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus latent nuclear antigen contributes to the survival of primary effusion lymphoma cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:3676-85. [PMID: 22964633 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) and two rare lymphoproliferative disorders, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and the plasmablastic variant of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). The KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen-1 (LANA), required for the replication and maintenance of latent viral episomal DNA, is involved in the transcriptional regulation of viral and cellular genes and interacts with different cellular proteins, including the tumour suppressor p53. Here, we report that LANA also recruits the p53-related nuclear transcription factor p73, which influences cellular processes like DNA damage response, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Both the full-length isoform TAp73α, as well as its dominant negative regulator ΔNp73α, interact with LANA. LANA affects TAp73α stability and sub-nuclear localisation, as well as TAp73α-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes. We observed that the small-molecule inhibitor Nutlin-3, which disrupts the interaction of p53 and p73 with MDM2, induces apoptotic cell death in p53 wild-type, as well as p53-mutant PEL cell lines, suggesting a possible involvement of p73. The small-molecule RETRA, which activates p73 in the context of mutant p53, leads to the induction of apoptosis in p53-mutant PEL cell lines. RNAi-mediated knockdown of p73 confirmed that these effects depend on the presence of the p73 protein. Furthermore, both Nutlin-3 and RETRA disrupt the LANA-p73 interaction in different PEL cell lines. These results suggest that LANA modulates p73 function and that the LANA-p73 interaction may represent a therapeutic target to interfere with the survival of latently KSHV-infected cells.
Collapse
|
144
|
Manikandan P, Ramalingam SM, Vinothini G, Ramamurthi VP, Singh IP, Anandan R, Gopalakrishnan M, Nagini S. Investigation of the chemopreventive potential of neem leaf subfractions in the hamster buccal pouch model and phytochemical characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 56:271-81. [PMID: 22939101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention by medicinal plants has evolved as a practical strategy to control the incidence of cancer. Azadirachta indica (neem) containing various bioactive components is a promising candidate for chemoprevention. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of the bioactive subfractions ethyl acetate chloroform insoluble fraction (ECIF) and the methanol ethyl acetate insoluble fraction (MEIF) following activity-guided fractionation of neem leaf extract. Analysis of the mechanism of chemoprevention revealed multitargeted mode of action that involved modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, and abrogation of NF-κB signaling. HP-TLC, GC-MS and LC-MS analyses indicated the presence of several polar phytochemical entities in the neem leaf subfractions that might be responsible for their potent chemopreventive efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palrasu Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002 Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Liu Z, Zhao Y, Li J, Xu S, Liu C, Zhu Y, Liang S. The venom of the spider Macrothele raveni induces apoptosis in the myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line. Leuk Res 2012; 36:1063-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
146
|
Wang Z, Wang F, Tang T, Guo C. The role of PARP1 in the DNA damage response and its application in tumor therapy. Front Med 2012; 6:156-64. [PMID: 22660976 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-strand break repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of many key proteins in vivo and thus plays important roles in multiple DNA damage response pathways, rendering it a promising target in cancer therapy. The tumor-suppressor effects of PARP inhibitors have attracted significant interest for development of novel cancer therapies. However, recent evidence indicated that the underlying mechanism of PARP inhibitors in tumor therapy is more complex than previously expected. The present review will focus on recent progress on the role of PARP1 in the DNA damage response and PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy. The emerging resistance of BRCA-deficient tumors to PARP inhibitors is also briefly discussed from the perspective of DNA damage and repair. These recent research advances will inform the selection of patient populations who can benefit from the PARP inhibitor treatment and development of effective drug combination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Disease Genomics and Individual Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Erener S, Pétrilli V, Kassner I, Minotti R, Castillo R, Santoro R, Hassa PO, Tschopp J, Hottiger MO. Inflammasome-activated caspase 7 cleaves PARP1 to enhance the expression of a subset of NF-κB target genes. Mol Cell 2012; 46:200-11. [PMID: 22464733 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Caspase 1 is part of the inflammasome, which is assembled upon pathogen recognition, while caspases 3 and/or 7 are mediators of apoptotic and nonapoptotic functions. PARP1 cleavage is a hallmark of apoptosis yet not essential, suggesting it has another physiological role. Here we show that after LPS stimulation, caspase 7 is activated by caspase 1, translocates to the nucleus, and cleaves PARP1 at the promoters of a subset of NF-κB target genes negatively regulated by PARP1. Mutating the PARP1 cleavage site D214 renders PARP1 uncleavable and inhibits PARP1 release from chromatin and chromatin decondensation, thereby restraining the expression of cleavage-dependent NF-κB target genes. These findings propose an apoptosis-independent regulatory role for caspase 7-mediated PARP1 cleavage in proinflammatory gene expression and provide insight into inflammasome signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Süheda Erener
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Sousa FG, Matuo R, Soares DG, Escargueil AE, Henriques JAP, Larsen AK, Saffi J. PARPs and the DNA damage response. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1433-40. [PMID: 22431722 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is an important posttranslational modification catalyzed by a variety of enzymes, including poly (ADP ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as a substrate to synthesize and transfer ADP-ribose units to acceptor proteins. The PARP family members possess a variety of structural domains, span a wide range of functions and localize to various cellular compartments. Among the molecular actions attributed to PARPs, their role in the DNA damage response (DDR) has been widely documented. In particular, PARPs 1-3 are involved in several cellular processes that respond to DNA lesions, which include DNA damage recognition, signaling and repair as well as local transcriptional blockage, chromatin remodeling and cell death induction. However, how these enzymes are able to participate in such numerous and diverse mechanisms in response to DNA damage is not fully understood. Herein, the DDR functions of PARPs 1-3 and the emerging roles of poly (ADP ribose) polymers in DNA damage are reviewed. The development of PARP inhibitors, their applications and mechanisms of action are also discussed in the context of the DDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio G Sousa
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Basu S, Rajakaruna S, Menko AS. Insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 and nuclear factor κB are crucial survival signals that regulate caspase-3-mediated lens epithelial cell differentiation initiation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:8384-97. [PMID: 22275359 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now known that the function of the caspase family of proteases is not restricted to effectors of programmed cell death. For example, there is a significant non-apoptotic role for caspase-3 in cell differentiation. Our own studies in the developing lens show that caspase-3 is activated downstream of the canonical mitochondrial death pathway to act as a molecular switch in signaling lens cell differentiation. Importantly, for this function, caspase-3 is activated at levels far below those that induce apoptosis. We now have provided evidence that regulation of caspase-3 for its role in differentiation induction is dependent on the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) survival-signaling pathway. IGF-1R executed this regulation of caspase-3 by controlling the expression of molecules in the Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) families. This effect of IGF-1R was mediated through NFκB, demonstrated here to function as a crucial downstream effector of IGF-1R. Inhibition of expression or activation of NFκB blocked expression of survival proteins in the Bcl-2 and IAP families and removed controls on the activation state of caspase-3. The high level of caspase-3 activation that resulted from inhibiting this IGF-1R/NFκB signaling pathway redirected cell fate from differentiation toward apoptosis. These results provided the first evidence that the IGF-1R/NFκB cell survival signal is a crucial regulator of the level of caspase-3 activation for its non-apoptotic function in signaling cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Basu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Pourgholami MH, Mekkawy AH, Badar S, Morris DL. Minocycline inhibits growth of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 125:433-40. [PMID: 22252097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE These studies were designed to determine whether minocycline inhibits ovarian cancer growth in vitro and in vivo and the molecular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of minocycline on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis was assessed using human ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR-3, SKOV-3 and A2780. Then, the capacity of minocycline to inhibit growth of OVCAR-3 xenografts in female nude mice was examined. RESULTS Minocycline inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, down-regulated cyclins A, B and E leading to arrest of cells in the G(0) phase of the cycle and suppression of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, exposure of these cells to minocycline led to DNA laddering, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP-1. In nude mice bearing sub-cutaneous tumors, minocycline suppressed tumor proliferation index, angiogenesis and tumor growth. CONCLUSION These findings provide the initial basis for further evaluation of minocycline in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Pourgholami
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|