101
|
Leone A, Diorio G, Sexton W, Schell M, Alexandrow M, Fahey JW, Kumar NB. Sulforaphane for the chemoprevention of bladder cancer: molecular mechanism targeted approach. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35412-35424. [PMID: 28423681 PMCID: PMC5471065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical course for both early and late stage Bladder Cancer (BC) continues to be characterized by significant patient burden due to numerous occurrences and recurrences requiring frequent surveillance strategies, intravesical drug therapies, and even more aggressive treatments in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. For these reasons, BC is also the most expensive cancer to treat. Fortunately, BC offers an excellent platform for chemoprevention interventions with potential to optimize the systemic and local exposure of promising agents to the bladder mucosa. However, other than smoking cessation, there is a paucity of research that systematically examines agents for chemoprevention of bladder cancers. Adopting a systematic, molecular-mechanism based approach, the goal of this review is to summarize epidemiological, in vitro, and preclinical studies, including data regarding the safety, bioavailability, and efficacy of agents evaluated for bladder cancer chemoprevention. Based on the available studies, phytochemicals, specifically isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane, present in Brassicaceae or “cruciferous” vegetables in the precursor form of glucoraphanin are: (a) available in standardized formulations; (b) bioavailable- both systemically and in the bladder; (c) observed to be potent inhibitors of BC carcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms; and (d) without toxicities at these doses. Based on available evidence from epidemiological, in vitro, preclinical, and early phase trials, phytochemicals, specifically isothiocyanates (ITCs) such as sulforaphane (SFN) represent a promising potential chemopreventitive agent in bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leone
- Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gregory Diorio
- Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wade Sexton
- Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Schell
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark Alexandrow
- Cancer Biology and Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nagi B Kumar
- Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Beaver LM, Lӧhr CV, Clarke JD, Glasser ST, Watson GW, Wong CP, Zhang Z, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Shannon J, Thuillier P, Ho E. Broccoli Sprouts Delay Prostate Cancer Formation and Decrease Prostate Cancer Severity with a Concurrent Decrease in HDAC3 Protein Expression in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy002. [PMID: 30019025 PMCID: PMC6041877 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous vegetables have been associated with the chemoprevention of cancer. Epigenetic regulators have been identified as important targets for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Treatment of human prostate cancer cells with sulforaphane (SFN), a chemical from broccoli and broccoli sprouts, inhibits epigenetic regulators such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, but it is not known whether consumption of a diet high in broccoli sprouts impacts epigenetic mechanisms in an in vivo model of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE In the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, we tested the hypothesis that a broccoli sprout diet suppresses prostate cancer, inhibits HDAC expression, alters histone modifications, and changes the expression of genes regulated by HDACs. METHODS TRAMP mice were fed a 15% broccoli sprout or control AIN93G diet; tissue samples were collected at 12 and 28 wk of age. RESULTS Mice fed broccoli sprouts had detectable amounts of SFN metabolites in liver, kidney, colon, and prostate tissues. Broccoli sprouts reduced prostate cancer incidence and progression to invasive cancer by 11- and 2.4-fold at 12 and 28 wk of age, respectively. There was a significant decline in HDAC3 protein expression in the epithelial cells of prostate ventral and anterior lobes at age 12 wk. Broccoli sprout consumption also decreased histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation in the ventral lobe (age 12 wk), and decreased histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation in all prostate lobes (age 28 wk). A decline in p16 mRNA levels, a gene regulated by HDAC3, was associated with broccoli sprout consumption, but no significant changes were noted at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS Broccoli sprout intake was associated with a decline in prostate cancer occurrence and HDAC3 protein expression in the prostate, extending prior work that implicated loss of HDAC3/ corepressor interactions as a key preventive mechanism by SFN in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Christiane V Lӧhr
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - John D Clarke
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sarah T Glasser
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Greg W Watson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Philippe Thuillier
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Natural Products for the Management and Prevention of Breast Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8324696. [PMID: 29681985 PMCID: PMC5846366 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8324696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among all types of cancer, breast cancer is one of the most challenging diseases, which is responsible for a large number of cancer related deaths. Hormonal therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been used as treatment of breast cancer, for a very long time. Due to severe side effects and multidrug resistance, these treatment approaches become increasingly ineffective. However, adoption of complementary treatment approach can be a big solution for this situation, as it is evident that compounds derived from natural source have a great deal of anticancer activity. Natural compounds can fight against aggressiveness of breast cancer, inhibit cancerous cell proliferation, and modulate cancer related pathways. A large number of research works are now focusing on the natural and dietary compounds and trying to find out new and more effective treatment strategies for the breast cancer patients. In this review, we discussed some significant natural chemical compounds with their mechanisms of actions, which can be very effective against the breast cancer and can be more potent by their proper modifications and further clinical research. Future research focusing on the natural anti-breast-cancer agents can open a new horizon in breast cancer treatment, which will play a great role in enhancing the survival rate of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
|
104
|
Yang Y, Yang I, Cao M, Su ZY, Wu R, Guo Y, Fang M, Kong AN. Fucoxanthin Elicits Epigenetic Modifications, Nrf2 Activation and Blocking Transformation in Mouse Skin JB6 P+ Cells. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:32. [PMID: 29603113 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2) is a master regulator of the anti-oxidative stress response, which is involved in the defense against many oxidative stress/inflammation-mediated diseases, including anticancer effects elicited by an increasing number of natural products. Our previous studies showed that the epigenetic modification of the Nrf2 gene plays a key role in restoring the expression of Nrf2. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epigenetic regulation of Nrf2 by astaxanthin (AST) and fucoxanthin (FX), carotenoids which are abundant in microalgae and seaweeds, in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells. FX induced the anti-oxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase and upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and Nrf2 downstream genes in HepG2-C8 cells overexpressing the ARE-luciferase reporter. Both FX and AST decreased colony formation in 12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced transformation of JB6 P+ cells. FX decreased the methylation of the Nrf2 promoter region in the JB6 P+ cells by the bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing. Both FX and AST significantly reduced DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity but did not affect histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in JB6 P+ cells. In summary, our results show that FX activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, induces the epigenetic demethylation of CpG sites in Nrf2 and blocks the TPA-induced transformation of JB6 P+ cells, indicating the potential health-promoting effects of FX in skin cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Irene Yang
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Mingnan Cao
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Yue Guo
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Mingzhu Fang
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Inducers of Senescence, Toxic Compounds, and Senolytics: The Multiple Faces of Nrf2-Activating Phytochemicals in Cancer Adjuvant Therapy. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4159013. [PMID: 29618945 PMCID: PMC5829354 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4159013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of senescence in cancer and the subsequent clearance of senescent cells are suggested as therapeutic intervention in the eradication of cancer. Several natural compounds that activate Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2) pathway, which is involved in complex cytoprotective responses, have been paradoxically shown to induce cell death or senescence in cancer. Promoting the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway may be desirable for chemoprevention, but it might be detrimental in later stages and advanced cancers. However, senolytic activity shown by some Nrf2-activating compounds could be used to target senescent cancer cells (particularly in aged immune-depressed organisms) that escape immunosurveillance. We herein describe in vitro and in vivo effects of fifteen Nrf2-interacting natural compounds (tocotrienols, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, genistein, resveratrol, silybin, phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, triptolide, allicin, berberine, piperlongumine, fisetin, and phloretin) on cellular senescence and discuss their use in adjuvant cancer therapy. In light of available literature, it can be concluded that the meaning and the potential of adjuvant therapy with natural compounds in humans remain unclear, also taking into account the existence of few clinical trials mostly characterized by uncertain results. Further studies are needed to investigate the therapeutic potential of those compounds that display senolytic activity.
Collapse
|
106
|
Gao L, Cheng D, Yang J, Wu R, Li W, Kong AN. Sulforaphane epigenetically demethylates the CpG sites of the miR-9-3 promoter and reactivates miR-9-3 expression in human lung cancer A549 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29525530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic aberrations contribute to the development and progression of cancers such as lung cancer. The promoter region of miR-9-3 was recently found to be hypermethylated in lung cancer, resulting in down-regulation of miR-9-3 and poor patient prognosis. Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound that is obtained from cruciferous vegetables, has potent anticancer activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SFN on restoring the miR-9-3 level in lung cancer A549 cells through epigenetic regulation. DNA methylation of the miR-9-3 promoter was examined using bisulfite genomic sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation analysis. The expression levels of miR-9-3 and several epigenetic modifying enzymes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The transcriptional activity of the miR-9-3 promoter was evaluated by patch methylation, and histone modifications were analyzed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. We found that CpG methylation was reduced in the miR-9-3 promoter and that miR-9-3 expression was increased after 5 days of treatment with SFN. In vitro methylation analysis showed that the methylated recombinant construct exhibited lower luciferase reporter activity than the unmethylated counterpart. ChIP assays revealed that SFN treatment increased H3K4me1 enrichment at the miR-9-3 promoter. Furthermore, SFN treatment attenuated enzymatic DNMT activity and DNMT3a, HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC6 and CDH1 protein expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that SFN may exert its chemopreventive effects partly through epigenetic demethylation and restoration of miR-9-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - David Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Eitsuka T, Nakagawa K, Kato S, Ito J, Otoki Y, Takasu S, Shimizu N, Takahashi T, Miyazawa T. Modulation of Telomerase Activity in Cancer Cells by Dietary Compounds: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E478. [PMID: 29415465 PMCID: PMC5855700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is expressed in ~90% of human cancer cell lines and tumor specimens, whereas its enzymatic activity is not detectable in most human somatic cells, suggesting that telomerase represents a highly attractive target for selective cancer treatment. Accordingly, various classes of telomerase inhibitors have been screened and developed in recent years. We and other researchers have successfully found that some dietary compounds can modulate telomerase activity in cancer cells. Telomerase inhibitors derived from food are subdivided into two groups: one group directly blocks the enzymatic activity of telomerase (e.g., catechin and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), and the other downregulates the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, via signal transduction pathways (e.g., retinoic acid and tocotrienol). In contrast, a few dietary components, including genistein and glycated lipid, induce cellular telomerase activity in several types of cancer cells, suggesting that they may be involved in tumor progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the effects of dietary factors on telomerase regulation in cancer cells and discusses their molecular mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Eitsuka
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Shunji Kato
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Junya Ito
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Soo Takasu
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Naoki Shimizu
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Food & Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Martin SL, Kala R, Tollefsbol TO. Mechanisms for the Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cells by Sulforaphane through Epigenetic Modulation of MicroRNA-21 and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Down-regulation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18:97-106. [PMID: 28176652 PMCID: PMC5577390 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170206104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modulations such as histone modifications are becoming increasingly valued for their ability to modify genes without altering the DNA sequence. Many bioactive compounds have been shown to alter genetic and epigenetic profiles in various cancers. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such as kale, cabbage and broccoli sprouts, is one of the most potent histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to date. Recently, it has been identified that HDACis may play a vital role in regulating microRNAs (miRs) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify if aberrant HDAC, hTERT and miR levels could be regulated through novel dietary-based approaches in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. METHODS We evaluated the in vitro epigenetic effects of SFN on CRC cells by MTT assay, cellular density assay, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cell cycle analysis, western-blot assay, HDAC activity assay and teloTAGGG telomerase PCR Elisa assay. RESULTS We demonstrated the inhibitory effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of SFN in both HCT116 and RKO CRC cells, and showed for the first time that SFN treatment decreased cell density, significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in CRC cells. We also found that practical doses of SFN significantly down-regulated oncogenic miR-21, HDAC and hTERT mRNA, protein and enzymatic levels in CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that the regulation of HDAC, hTERT and miR-21 is a promising approach for delaying and/or preventing CRC and may be accomplished via the consumption of SFN in cruciferous vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Rishabh Kala
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Daniel M, Tollefsbol TO. Pterostilbene down-regulates hTERT at physiological concentrations in breast cancer cells: Potentially through the inhibition of cMyc. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:3326-3337. [PMID: 29125889 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase, which has been shown to be upregulated in many cancers. Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring stilbenoid and phytoalexin found primarily in blueberries that exhibits antioxidant activity and inhibits the growth of various cancer cell types. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with pterostilbene, at physiologically achievable concentrations, can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells and down-regulate the expression of hTERT. We found that pterostilbene inhibits the cellular proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in both a time- and dose-dependent manner, without significant toxicity to the MCF10A control cells. Pterostilbene was also shown to increase apoptosis in both breast cancer cell lines. Dose-dependent cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2/M phase was observed after treatment with pterostilbene in MCF-7 and MDA-231 cells, respectively. hTERT expression was down-regulated after treatment in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. Pterostilbene also reduced telomerase levels in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, cMyc, a proposed target of the pterostilbene-mediated inhibition of hTERT, was down-regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally after treatment. Collectively, these findings highlight a promising use of pterostilbene as a natural, preventive, and therapeutic agent against the development and progression of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daniel
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Penta D, Somashekar BS, Meeran SM. Epigenetics of skin cancer: Interventions by selected bioactive phytochemicals. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 34:42-49. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanamjai Penta
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
| | - Bagganahalli S. Somashekar
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Gianfredi V, Vannini S, Moretti M, Villarini M, Bragazzi NL, Izzotti A, Nucci D. Sulforaphane and Epigallocatechin Gallate Restore Estrogen Receptor Expression by Modulating Epigenetic Events in the Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2017; 10:126-135. [DOI: 10.1159/000480636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
112
|
Gianfredi V, Nucci D, Vannini S, Villarini M, Moretti M. In vitro Biological Effects of Sulforaphane (SFN), Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and Curcumin on Breast Cancer Cells: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:969-978. [PMID: 28872903 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1359322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Much of the recent research in neoplasia has been focusing on the epigenetics of cancer cells, particularly as regards the search for potential molecular biomarkers that could be used for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and prognosis of several types of cancer. Carcinogenesis often starts with mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and it leads to anomalies in cellular processes as vital as cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Because malignant changes arise as a result of genetic as well as epigenetic mechanisms, one possible means of intervention involves reprogramming gene expression, so as to-at least in part-revert the molecular alterations. DNA methylation and demethylation, acetylation and deacetylation of histones, and microRNAs are a few examples of the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for tumor development and progression. Many biologically active compounds present in food-including sulforaphane, curcumin, and epigallocatechin-have been found to modulate those processes. We here systematically review information on the effects of such bioactive dietary compounds on human breast cancer cell lines, and explore the mechanisms underlying those effects with a view to their potential therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Gianfredi
- a Graduate School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , Piazzale Gambuli, Perugia , Italy
| | - Daniele Nucci
- b Digestive Endoscopy Unit , Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-I.R.C.C.S , Padua , Italy
| | - Samuele Vannini
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Sgarbieri VC, Pacheco MTB. Premature or pathological aging: longevity. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this literature review was to summarize and characterize the main factors and events that may negatively influence quality of life and human longevity. The factors that act on premature aging processes are essentially the same as those of natural or healthy aging, but in a more intense and uncontrolled manner. Such factors are: 1) genetic (genome); 2) metabolic (metabolome); 3) environmental (life conditions and style, including diet). Factors 1 and 2 are more difficult to control by individuals; once depending on socioeconomic, cultural and educational conditions. Differently of environmental factors that may be totally controlled by individuals. Unfamiliarity with these factors leads to chronic and/or degenerative diseases that compromise quality of life and longevity.
Collapse
|
114
|
Li Y, Meeran SM, Tollefsbol TO. Combinatorial bioactive botanicals re-sensitize tamoxifen treatment in ER-negative breast cancer via epigenetic reactivation of ERα expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9345. [PMID: 28839265 PMCID: PMC5570897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer prevention has primarily focused on single chemopreventive compounds that may not be sufficiently efficacious. We sought to investigate potential combinatorial effects of epigenetic bioactive botanicals including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea polyphenols (GTPs) and sulforaphane (SFN) in broccoli sprouts (BSp) on neutralizing epigenetic aberrations in estrogen receptor-α (ERα) leading to enhanced anti-hormone therapeutic efficacy in ERα-negative breast cancer. Our results showed that this combinatorial treatment re-sensitized ERα-dependent cellular inhibitory responses to an estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen (TAM), via at least in part, epigenetic reactivation of ERα expression in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. Further in vivo studies revealed the combinatorial diets of GTPs and BSp significantly inhibited breast tumor growth in ERα-negative mouse xenografts, especially when combined with TAM treatment. This novel treatment regimen can lead to remodeling of the chromatin structure by histone modifications and recruitment changes of transcriptional factor complex in the ERα promoter thereby contributing to ERα reactivation and re-sensitized chemotherapeutic efficacy of anti-hormone therapy. Our studies indicate that combinatorial bioactive botanicals from GTPs and BSp are highly effective in inhibiting ERα-negative breast cancer due at least in part to epigenetic reactivation of ERα, which in turn increases TAM-dependent anti-estrogen chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA. .,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
| | - Syed M Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570019, India
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
|
116
|
Lewinska A, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Deregowska A, Wnuk M. Sulforaphane-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence are accompanied by DNA Hypomethylation and Changes in microRNA Profile in Breast Cancer Cells. Theranostics 2017; 7:3461-3477. [PMID: 28912888 PMCID: PMC5596436 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations and phytochemicals, epigenetic modulators, are considered as promising candidates for epigenetic therapy of cancer. In the present study, we have investigated cancer cell fates upon stimulation of breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3) with low doses of sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate. SFN (5-10 µM) promoted cell cycle arrest, elevation in the levels of p21 and p27 and cellular senescence, whereas at the concentration of 20 µM, apoptosis was induced. The effects were accompanied by nitro-oxidative stress, genotoxicity and diminished AKT signaling. Moreover, SFN stimulated energy stress as judged by decreased pools of ATP and AMPK activation, and autophagy induction. Anticancer effects of SFN were mediated by global DNA hypomethylation, decreased levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3B) and diminished pools of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation. SFN (10 µM) also affected microRNA profiles, namely SFN caused upregulation of sixty microRNAs and downregulation of thirty two microRNAs, and SFN promoted statistically significant decrease in the levels of miR-23b, miR-92b, miR-381 and miR-382 in three breast cancer cells. Taken together, we show for the first time that SFN is an epigenetic modulator in breast cancer cells that results in cell cycle arrest and senescence, and SFN may be considered to be used in epigenome-focused anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewinska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | | | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Baranek M, Belter A, Naskręt-Barciszewska MZ, Stobiecki M, Markiewicz WT, Barciszewski J. Effect of small molecules on cell reprogramming. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:277-313. [PMID: 27918060 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The essential idea of regenerative medicine is to fix or replace tissues or organs with alive and patient-specific implants. Pluripotent stem cells are able to indefinitely self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of the body which makes them a potent substantial player in regenerative medicine. The easily accessible source of induced pluripotent stem cells may allow obtaining and cultivating tissues in vitro. Reprogramming refers to regression of mature cells to its initial pluripotent state. One of the approaches affecting pluripotency is the usage of low molecular mass compounds that can modulate enzymes and receptors leading to the formation of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It would be great to assess the general character of such compounds and reveal their new derivatives or modifications to increase the cell reprogramming efficiency. Many improvements in the methods of pluripotency induction have been made by various groups in order to limit the immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, increase the efficiency and accelerate the kinetics. Understanding the epigenetic changes during the cellular reprogramming process will extend the comprehension of stem cell biology and lead to potential therapeutic approaches. There are compounds which have been already proven to be or for now only putative inducers of the pluripotent state that may substitute for the classic reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) in order to improve the time and efficiency of pluripotency induction. The effect of small molecules on gene expression is dosage-dependent and their application concentration needs to be strictly determined. In this review we analysed the role of small molecules in modulations leading to pluripotency induction, thereby contributing to our understanding of stem cell biology and uncovering the major mechanisms involved in that process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Baranek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Belter
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Z Naskręt-Barciszewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Stobiecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - W T Markiewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - J Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Russo M, Spagnuolo C, Russo GL, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Nrf2 targeting by sulforaphane: A potential therapy for cancer treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1391-1405. [PMID: 28001083 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1259983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, extensive studies have reported the potential chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin, occurring in large amounts in Brassica genus plants. Sulforaphane was found to be active against several forms of cancer. A growing body of data shows that sulforaphane acts against cancer at different levels, from development to progression, through pleiotropic effects. In this review, we discuss the available experimental and clinical data on the potential therapeutic role of sulforaphane against cancer. Its effects range from the protection of cells from DNA damage to the modulation of the cell cycle via pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastasis activities. At molecular level, sulforaphane modulates cellular homeostasis via the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Although data from clinical studies are limited, sulforaphane remains a good candidate in the adjuvant therapy based on natural molecules against several types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- b Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Maria Daglia
- c Department of Drug Sciences , Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- d Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- e Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- e Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Zhao L, Yang Y, Yin S, Yang T, Luo J, Xie R, Long H, Jiang L, Zhu B. CTCF promotes epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis by broadly controlling the expression of metastasis-associated genes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62217-62230. [PMID: 28977939 PMCID: PMC5617499 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) functions as both an oncogenic and a tumor suppressor, depending on the cancer type, through epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic regulation plays a key role in cancer metastasis. Our objective was to investigate whether CTCF plays a crucial role in epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis. First, we found that CTCF expression was increased in ovarian cancer tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. Increased expression of CTCF predicts poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. In addition, CTCF knockdown significantly inhibited the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, although it had no effect on cell proliferation and tumor growth. More importantly, CTCF expression was higher in metastatic lesions compared to primary tumors from the same ovarian cancer patients. We also demonstrated that CTCF affects a number of metastasis-associated genes, including CTBP1, SERPINE1 and SRC. Additionally, our ChIP-seq results revealed that these genes have multiple CTCF-binding sites, findings that were further confirmed by ChIP-PCR. Our results suggest that CTCF could be a novel drug target to treat ovarian cancer by interfering with cancer cell metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Zhao
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cancer, PLA 324 Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongkai Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lubin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Dietary Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070728. [PMID: 28698459 PMCID: PMC5537842 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies suggested the inverse correlation between the intake of vegetables and fruits and the incidence of breast cancer. Substantial experimental studies indicated that many dietary natural products could affect the development and progression of breast cancer, such as soy, pomegranate, mangosteen, citrus fruits, apple, grape, mango, cruciferous vegetables, ginger, garlic, black cumin, edible macro-fungi, and cereals. Their anti-breast cancer effects involve various mechanisms of action, such as downregulating ER-α expression and activity, inhibiting proliferation, migration, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast tumor cells, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and sensitizing breast tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review summarizes the potential role of dietary natural products and their major bioactive components in prevention and treatment of breast cancer, and special attention was paid to the mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
121
|
Park JH, Yoo Y, Park YJ. Epigenetics: Linking Nutrition to Molecular Mechanisms in Aging. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:81-89. [PMID: 28702424 PMCID: PMC5503416 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging has become a major goal of public health. Many studies have provided evidence and theories to explain molecular mechanisms of the aging process. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for life span and the progression of aging. Epigenetics is a fascinating field of molecular biology, which studies heritable modifications of DNA and histones that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mark that shows progressive changes during aging. Recent studies have investigated aging-related DNA methylation as a biomarker that predicts cellular age. Interestingly, growing evidence proposes that nutrients play a crucial role in the regulation of epigenetic modifiers. Because various nutrients and their metabolites function as substrates or cofactors for epigenetic modifiers, nutrition can modulate or reverse epigenetic marks in the genome as well as expression patterns. Here, we will review the results on aging-associated epigenetic modifications and the possible mechanisms by which nutrition, including nutrient availability and bioactive compounds, regulate epigenetic changes and affect aging physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Park
- Metabolism and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeongran Yoo
- Metabolism and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Metabolism and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Lefranc F, Tabanca N, Kiss R. Assessing the anticancer effects associated with food products and/or nutraceuticals using in vitro and in vivo preclinical development-related pharmacological tests. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:14-32. [PMID: 28602819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is part of a special issue entitled "Role of dietary pattern, foods, nutrients and nutraceuticals in supporting cancer prevention and treatment" and describes a pharmacological strategy to determine the potential contribution of food-related components as anticancer agents against established cancer. Therefore, this review does not relate to chemoprevention, which is analysed in several other reviews in the current special issue, but rather focuses on the following: i) the biological events that currently represent barriers against the treatment of certain types of cancers, primarily metastatic cancers; ii) the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological pre-clinical tests that can be used to analyse the potential anticancer effects of food-related components; and iii) several examples of food-related components with anticancer effects. This review does not represent a catalogue-based listing of food-related components with more or less anticancer activity. By contrast, this review proposes an original pharmacological strategy that researchers can use to analyse the potential anticancer activity of any food-related component-e.g., by considering the crucial characteristics of cancer biological aggressiveness. This review also highlights that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy should restrict the use of "food complements" without supervision by a medical nutritionist. By contrast, an equilibrated diet that includes the food-related components listed herein would be beneficial for cancer patients who are not undergoing chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station,13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired-formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium), 5 rue d'Egmont, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Royston KJ, Udayakumar N, Lewis K, Tollefsbol TO. A Novel Combination of Withaferin A and Sulforaphane Inhibits Epigenetic Machinery, Cellular Viability and Induces Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051092. [PMID: 28534825 PMCID: PMC5455001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With cancer often classified as a disease that has an important epigenetic component, natural compounds that have the ability to regulate the epigenome become ideal candidates for study. Humans have a complex diet, which illustrates the need to elucidate the mechanisms of interaction between these bioactive compounds in combination. The natural compounds withaferin A (WA), from the Indian winter cherry, and sulforaphane (SFN), from cruciferous vegetables, have numerous anti-cancer effects and some report their ability to regulate epigenetic processes. Our study is the first to investigate the combinatorial effects of low physiologically achievable concentrations of WA and SFN on breast cancer cell proliferation, histone deacetylase1 (HDAC1) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). No adverse effects were observed on control cells at optimal concentrations. There was synergistic inhibition of cellular viability in MCF-7 cells and a greater induction of apoptosis with the combinatorial approach than with either compound administered alone in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. HDAC expression was down-regulated at multiple levels. Lastly, we determined the combined effects of these bioactive compounds on the pro-apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and found decreases in BCL-2 and increases in BAX. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the ability of low concentrations of combinatorial WA and SFN to promote cancer cell death and regulate key epigenetic modifiers in human breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra J Royston
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Neha Udayakumar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Kayla Lewis
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Ratovitski EA. Anticancer Natural Compounds as Epigenetic Modulators of Gene Expression. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:175-205. [PMID: 28367075 PMCID: PMC5345332 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that hallmarks of cancer include: "genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to inactivation of cancer suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, deregulation of intracellular signaling cascades, alterations of cancer cell metabolism, failure to undergo cancer cell death, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, metastasis, deregulation of immune response and changes in cancer microenvironment, which underpin cancer development". Natural compounds as bioactive ingredients isolated from natural sources (plants, fungi, marine life forms) have revolutionized the field of anticancer therapeutics and rapid developments in preclinical studies are encouraging. Natural compounds could affect the epigenetic molecular mechanisms that modulate gene expression, as well as DNA damage and repair mechanisms. The current review will describe the latest achievements in using naturally produced compounds targeting epigenetic regulators and modulators of gene transcription in vitro and in vivo to generate novel anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Ratovitski
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Chen KL, Jung P, Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul E, Liguori C, Lumibao J, Mazewski C, Ranard K, Rowles JL, Wang Y, Xue L, Madak-Erdogan Z. Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Cancer Hallmarks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7. [PMID: 30581989 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2017.07.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diet and nutrition are undeniably two factors that have a major impact on the prevention, progression, and treatment of various cancers. In this review, we will discuss how bioactives from diet and nutritional status affect each of the hallmarks of cancer. We will present recent research and discuss using diet and nutrition as a means to prevent and treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | | | - Carli Liguori
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Jan Lumibao
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Candice Mazewski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | | | - Joe L Rowles
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Louisa Xue
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Park JE, Sun Y, Lim SK, Tam JP, Dekker M, Chen H, Sze SK. Dietary phytochemical PEITC restricts tumor development via modulation of epigenetic writers and erasers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40569. [PMID: 28079155 PMCID: PMC5228035 DOI: 10.1038/srep40569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of bioactive phytochemicals including the cruciferous vegetable derivative phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) can reduce risk of human cancers, but possible epigenetic mechanisms of these effects are yet unknown. We therefore sought to identify the molecular basis of PEITC-mediated epigenetic tumor restriction. Colon cancer cells treated with low-dose PEITC for >1 month exhibited stable alterations in expression profile of epigenetic writers/erasers and chromatin-binding of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins. Sustained PEITC exposure not only blocked HDAC binding to euchromatin but was also associated with hypomethylation of PcG target genes that are typically hypermethylated in cancer. Furthermore, PEITC treatment induced expression of pro-apoptotic genes in tumor cells, which was partially reversed by overexpression of PcG member BMI-1, suggesting opposing roles for PEITC and PcG proteins in control of tumor progression. These data demonstrate that PEITC regulates chromatin binding of key epigenetic writers/erasers and PcG complexes to restrict tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #05-05 Immunos, 138648 Singapore
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Matthijs Dekker
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 472 Bevier Hall, 905 S. Goodwin, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Beaver LM, Kuintzle R, Buchanan A, Wiley MW, Glasser ST, Wong CP, Johnson GS, Chang JH, Löhr CV, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Hendrix DA, Ho E. Long noncoding RNAs and sulforaphane: a target for chemoprevention and suppression of prostate cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:72-83. [PMID: 28131897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important in cancer development and progression. The impact of diet on lncRNA expression is largely unknown. Sulforaphane (SFN), obtained from vegetables like broccoli, can prevent and suppress cancer formation. Here we tested the hypothesis that SFN attenuates the expression of cancer-associated lncRNAs. We analyzed whole-genome RNA-sequencing data of normal human prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells treated with 15 μM SFN or dimethylsulfoxide. SFN significantly altered expression of ~100 lncRNAs in each cell type and normalized the expression of some lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in cancer cells. SFN-mediated alterations in lncRNA expression correlated with genes that regulate cell cycle, signal transduction and metabolism. LINC01116 was functionally investigated because it was overexpressed in several cancers, and was transcriptionally repressed after SFN treatment. Knockdown of LINC01116 with siRNA decreased proliferation of prostate cancer cells and significantly up-regulated several genes including GAPDH (regulates glycolysis), MAP1LC3B2 (autophagy) and H2AFY (chromatin structure). A four-fold decrease in the ability of the cancer cells to form colonies was found when the LINC01116 gene was disrupted through a CRISPR/CAS9 method, further supporting an oncogenic function for LINC01116 in PC-3 cells. We identified a novel isoform of LINC01116 and bioinformatically investigated the possibility that LINC01116 could interact with target genes via ssRNA:dsDNA triplexes. Our data reveal that chemicals from the diet can influence the expression of functionally important lncRNAs, and suggest a novel mechanism by which SFN may prevent and suppress prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Rachael Kuintzle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Alex Buchanan
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Michelle W Wiley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Sarah T Glasser
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Gavin S Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Mail Stop 1201, Houston, TX 77030-3303.
| | - Jeff H Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331; Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Mail Stop 1201, Houston, TX 77030-3303.
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331; The School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 1148 Kelley Engineering Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Emily Ho
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331; Moore Family Center, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
d,l-Sulforaphane Induces ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Gliomablastoma Cells by Inactivating STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010072. [PMID: 28054986 PMCID: PMC5297707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
d,l-Sulforaphane (SFN), a synthetic analogue of broccoli-derived isomer l-SFN, exerts cytotoxic effects on multiple tumor cell types through different mechanisms and is more potent than the l-isomer at inhibiting cancer growth. However, the means by which SFN impairs glioblastoma (GBM) cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of SFN in GBM cells and determined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell viability assays, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot results revealed that SFN could induced apoptosis of GBM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, via up-regulation of caspase-3 and Bax, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Mechanistically, SFN treatment led to increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in GBM cells. Meanwhile, SFN also suppressed both constitutive and IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3, and the activation of upstream JAK2 and Src tyrosine kinases, dose- and time-dependently. Moreover, blockage of ROS production by using the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine totally reversed SFN-mediated down-regulation of JAK2/Src-STAT3 signaling activation and the subsequent effects on apoptosis by blocking the induction of apoptosis-related genes in GBM cells. Taken together, our data suggests that SFN induces apoptosis in GBM cells via ROS-dependent inactivation of STAT3 phosphorylation. These findings motivate further evaluation of SFN as a cancer chemopreventive agent in GBM treatment.
Collapse
|
129
|
Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Age-related epigenetic drift and phenotypic plasticity loss: implications in prevention of age-related human diseases. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1637-1651. [PMID: 27882781 PMCID: PMC5618938 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered as one of the most important developmental processes in organisms and is closely associated with global deteriorations of epigenetic markers such as aberrant methylomic patterns. This altered epigenomic state, referred to 'epigenetic drift', reflects deficient maintenance of epigenetic marks and contributes to impaired cellular and molecular functions in aged cells. Epigenetic drift-induced abnormal changes during aging are scantily repaired by epigenetic modulators. This inflexibility in the aged epigenome may lead to an age-related decline in phenotypic plasticity at the cellular and molecular levels due to epigenetic drift. This perspective aims to provide novel concepts for understanding epigenetic effects on the aging process and to provide insights into epigenetic prevention and therapeutic strategies for age-related human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Avin BA, Umbricht CB, Zeiger MA. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase regulation by DNA methylation, transcription factor binding and alternative splicing (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2199-2205. [PMID: 27779655 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic subunit of telomerase, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), plays an essential role in telomere maintenance to oppose cellular senescence and, is highly regulated in normal and cancerous cells. Regulation of hTERT occurs through multiple avenues, including a unique pattern of CpG promoter methylation and alternative splicing. Promoter methylation affects the binding of transcription factors, resulting in changes in expression of the gene. In addition to expression level changes, changes in promoter binding can affect alternative splicing in a cotranscriptional manner. The alternative splicing of hTERT results in either the full length transcript which can form the active telomerase complex with hTR, or numerous inactive isoforms. Both regulation strategies are exploited in cancer to activate telomerase, however, the exact mechanism is unknown. Therefore, unraveling the link between promoter methylation status and alternative splicing for hTERT could expose yet another level of hTERT regulation. In an attempt to provide insight into the cellular control of active telomerase in cancer, this review will discuss our current perspective on CpG methylation of the hTERT promoter region, summarize the different forms of alternatively spliced variants, and examine examples of transcription factor binding that affects splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Avin
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher B Umbricht
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Martha A Zeiger
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Yang Q, Pröll MJ, Salilew-Wondim D, Zhang R, Tesfaye D, Fan H, Cinar MU, Große-Brinkhaus C, Tholen E, Islam MA, Hölker M, Schellander K, Uddin MJ, Neuhoff C. LPS-induced expression of CD14 in the TRIF pathway is epigenetically regulated by sulforaphane in porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Innate Immun 2016; 22:682-695. [PMID: 27688705 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916669418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AMs) are important in defense against bacterial lung inflammation. Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) is involved in recognizing bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through MyD88-dependent and TRIF pathways of innate immunity. Sulforaphane (SFN) shows anti-inflammatory activity and suppresses DNA methylation. To identify CD14 epigenetic changes by SFN in the LPS-induced TRIF pathway, an AMs model was investigated in vitro. CD14 gene expression was induced by 5 µg/ml LPS at the time point of 12 h and suppressed by 5 µM SFN. After 12 h of LPS stimulation, gene expression was significantly up-regulated, including TRIF, TRAF6, NF-κB, TRAF3, IRF7, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-β. LPS-induced TRAM, TRIF, RIPK1, TRAF3, TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-β were suppressed by 5 µM SFN. Similarly, DNMT3a expression was increased by LPS but significantly down-regulated by 5 µM SFN. It showed positive correlation of CD14 gene body methylation with in LPS-stimulated AMs, and this methylation status was inhibited by SFN. This study suggests that SFN suppresses CD14 activation in bacterial inflammation through epigenetic regulation of CD14 gene body methylation associated with DNMT3a. The results provide insights into SFN-mediated epigenetic down-regulation of CD14 in LPS-induced TRIF pathway inflammation and may lead to new methods for controlling LPS-induced inflammation in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Maren J Pröll
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Rui Zhang
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Huitao Fan
- 2 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, USA
| | - Mehmet U Cinar
- 3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Turkey
| | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammad A Islam
- 4 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Michael Hölker
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad J Uddin
- 4 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Braakhuis AJ, Campion P, Bishop KS. Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics. Nutrients 2016; 8:E547. [PMID: 27608040 PMCID: PMC5037532 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from numerous observational and clinical studies suggest that polyphenolic phytochemicals such as phenolic acids in olive oil, flavonols in tea, chocolate and grapes, and isoflavones in soy products reduce the risk of breast cancer. A dietary food pattern naturally rich in polyphenols is the Mediterranean diet and evidence suggests those of Mediterranean descent have a lower breast cancer incidence. Whilst dietary polyphenols have been the subject of breast cancer risk-reduction, this review will focus on the clinical effects of polyphenols on reducing recurrence. Overall, we recommend breast cancer patients consume a diet naturally high in flavonol polyphenols including tea, vegetables (onion, broccoli), and fruit (apples, citrus). At least five servings of vegetables and fruit daily appear protective. Moderate soy protein consumption (5-10 g daily) and the Mediterranean dietary pattern show the most promise for breast cancer patients. In this review, we present an overview of clinical trials on supplementary polyphenols of dietary patterns rich in polyphenols on breast cancer recurrence, mechanistic data, and novel delivery systems currently being researched.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Braakhuis
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Peta Campion
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Center, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Aggarwal R, Jha M, Shrivastava A, Jha AK. Natural Compounds: Role in Reversal of Epigenetic Changes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:972-89. [PMID: 26547065 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915080027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of carcinogenesis are characterized by alterations in the expression of multiple genes that occur via genetic and epigenetic alterations, leading to genome rearrangements and instability. The reversible process of epigenetic regulation, which includes changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and alteration in microRNA (miRNA) expression that alter phenotype without any change in the DNA sequence, is recognized as a key mechanism in cancer cell metabolism. Recent advancements in the rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics have shown the anticarcinogenic potential of natural compounds targeting epigenetic mechanism as a common molecular approach for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the potential of natural chemopreventive agents to reverse cancer-related epigenetic aberrations by regulating the activity of histone deacetylases, histone acetyltransferases, DNA methyltransferase I, and miRNAs. Furthermore, there is impetus for determining novel and effective chemopreventive strategies, either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents that exhibit similar properties, for improving the therapeutic aspects of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, U. P. 201009, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Genetic and epigenetic cancer chemoprevention on molecular targets during multistage carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2389-404. [PMID: 27538406 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
135
|
Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7080050. [PMID: 27548225 PMCID: PMC4999838 DOI: 10.3390/genes7080050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to maintain their telomere length via expression of an enzymatic complex called telomerase. Similarly, more than 85%–90% of cancer cells are found to upregulate the expression of telomerase, conferring them with the potential to proliferate indefinitely. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is the rate-limiting factor in reconstituting telomerase activity in vivo. To date, the expression and function of the human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene are known to be regulated at various molecular levels (including genetic, mRNA, protein and subcellular localization) by a number of diverse factors. Among these means of regulation, transcription modulation is the most important, as evident in its tight regulation in cancer cell survival as well as pluripotent stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we discuss how hTERT gene transcription is regulated, mainly focusing on the contribution of trans-acting factors such as transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, as well as genetic alterations in hTERT proximal promoter.
Collapse
|
136
|
Li Y, Buckhaults P, Cui X, Tollefsbol TO. Combinatorial epigenetic mechanisms and efficacy of early breast cancer inhibition by nutritive botanicals. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1019-37. [PMID: 27478970 PMCID: PMC5066124 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Aberrant epigenetic events are important contributors to the pathogenesis of different types of cancers and dietary botanicals with epigenetic properties can influence early cancer development leading to cancer prevention effects. We sought to investigate potential combinatorial effects of bioactive dietary components including green tea polyphenols (GTPs) and broccoli sprouts (BSp) on neutralizing epigenetic aberrations during breast tumorigenesis. Materials & methods: The combinatorial effects were evaluated in a breast cancer transformation cellular system and breast cancer mouse xenografts. Results & conclusion: Combined treatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate in GTPs and sulforaphane in BSp resulted in a synergistic inhibition of breast cancer cellular growth. Further studies revealed this combination led to genome-wide epigenetic alterations. Combinatorial diets significantly inhibited tumor growth in breast cancer mouse xenografts. Collectively, these studies indicate that combined GTPs and BSp are highly effective in inhibiting early breast cancer development by, at least in part, regulating epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Carraro JCC, Hermsdorff HHM, Mansego ML, Zulet MÁ, Milagro FI, Bressan J, Martínez JA. Higher Fruit Intake Is Related to TNF-α Hypomethylation and Better Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Subjects. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2016; 9:95-105. [PMID: 27467584 DOI: 10.1159/000448101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study hypothesized an association between healthy dietary patterns, hypermethylation of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoter and decreased risk of metabolic changes. METHODS Forty normal-weight young women were involved in this cross-sectional study. DNA was isolated from white blood cells, and CpG site methylation in TNF-α was analyzed by Sequenom EpiTyper. The quality of the diet was assessed by Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2005). RESULTS Contradicting our hypothesis, HEI-2005 score was negatively associated with CpG5 (r = -0.460, p = 0.003) and TNF-α total methylation (r = -0.355, p = 0.026). A higher intake of fruits was related to lower insulin, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α methylation. No other dietary pattern was related to TNF-α methylation. TNF-α total methylation correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.323; p = 0.042) and CpG5 methylation with body mass index (r = 0.333, p = 0.036). Furthermore, fiber intake was negatively associated with the CpG5 (r = -0.324, p = 0.041) and TNF-α total methylation (r = -0.434, p = 0.005), whereas vitamin C intake was negatively associated with TNF-α total methylation (r = -0.411, p = 0.009). Intakes of apples and citrus fruits were negatively associated with TNF-α total methylation. CONCLUSION A healthy dietary pattern and higher fruit intake (particularly apples and citrus fruits) were related to better glucose tolerance in healthy subjects, which could be mediated by lower TNF-α methylation.
Collapse
|
138
|
Lubecka-Pietruszewska K, Kaufman-Szymczyk A, Stefanska B, Cebula-Obrzut B, Smolewski P, Fabianowska-Majewska K. Sulforaphane Alone and in Combination with Clofarabine Epigenetically Regulates the Expression of DNA Methylation-Silenced Tumour Suppressor Genes in Human Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2016; 8:91-101. [PMID: 26372775 DOI: 10.1159/000439111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sporadic breast cancer is frequently associated with aberrant DNA methylation patterns that are reversible and responsive to environmental factors, including diet. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical from cruciferous vegetables, on the methylation and expression of PTEN and RARbeta2 tumour suppressor genes as well as on the expression of regulators of DNA methylation reaction, DNMT1 , p53 , and p21 , in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells with different invasive potential. We also evaluate the role of SFN epigenetic effects in support of therapy with clofarabine (ClF) that was recently shown to modulate the epigenome as well. METHODS Promoter methylation and gene expression were estimated using methylation-sensitive restriction analysis and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS In both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, SFN at IC 50 (22 and 46 μ M , respectively) and a physiologically relevant 10 μ M concentration lead to hypomethylation of PTEN and RARbeta2 promoters with concomitant gene upregulation. The combination of SFN and ClF enhances these effects, resulting in an increase in cell growth arrest and apoptosis at a non-invasive breast cancer stage. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that SFN activates DNA methylation-silenced tumour suppressor genes in breast cancer cells and may contribute to SFN-mediated support of therapy with an anti-cancer drug, ClF, increasing its applications in solid tumours.
Collapse
|
139
|
Novío S, Cartea ME, Soengas P, Freire-Garabal M, Núñez-Iglesias MJ. Effects of Brassicaceae Isothiocyanates on Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2016; 21:E626. [PMID: 27187332 PMCID: PMC6272898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the major progress made in the field of cancer biology, cancer is still one of the leading causes of mortality, and prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most encountered malignancies among men. The effective management of this disease requires developing better anticancer agents with greater efficacy and fewer side effects. Nature is a large source for the development of chemotherapeutic agents, with more than 50% of current anticancer drugs being of natural origin. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are degradation products from glucosinolates that are present in members of the family Brassicaceae. Although they are known for a variety of therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial properties, nowadays, cell line and animal studies have additionally indicated the chemopreventive action without causing toxic side effects of ITCs. In this way, they can induce cell cycle arrest, activate apoptosis pathways, increase the sensitivity of resistant PCa to available chemodrugs, modulate epigenetic changes and downregulate activated signaling pathways, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation, progression and invasion-metastasis. The present review summarizes the chemopreventive role of ITCs with a particular emphasis on specific molecular targets and epigenetic alterations in in vitro and in vivo cancer animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Novío
- Lennart Levi Stress and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - María Elena Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC) Aptdo. 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Pilar Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC) Aptdo. 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Manuel Freire-Garabal
- Lennart Levi Stress and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Núñez-Iglesias
- Lennart Levi Stress and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Lewis KA, Tollefsbol TO. Regulation of the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Subunit through Epigenetic Mechanisms. Front Genet 2016; 7:83. [PMID: 27242892 PMCID: PMC4860561 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome-shortening is characteristic of normal cells, and is known as the end replication problem. Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for extending the ends of the chromosomes in de novo synthesis, and occurs in germ cells as well as most malignant cancers. There are three subunits of telomerase: human telomerase RNA (hTERC), human telomerase associated protein (hTEP1), or dyskerin, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). hTERC and hTEP1 are constitutively expressed, so the enzymatic activity of telomerase is dependent on the transcription of hTERT. DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation are basic epigenetic regulations involved in the expression of hTERT. Non-coding RNA can also serve as a form of epigenetic control of hTERT. This epigenetic-based regulation of hTERT is important in providing a mechanism for reversibility of hTERT control in various biological states. These include embryonic down-regulation of hTERT contributing to aging and the upregulation of hTERT playing a critical role in over 90% of cancers. Normal human somatic cells have a non-methylated/hypomethylated CpG island within the hTERT promoter region, while telomerase-positive cells paradoxically have at least a partially methylated promoter region that is opposite to the normal roles of DNA methylation. Histone acetylation of H3K9 within the promoter region is associated with an open chromatin state such that transcription machinery has the space to form. Histone methylation of hTERT has varied control of the gene, however. Mono- and dimethylation of H3K9 within the promoter region indicate silent euchromatin, while a trimethylated H3K9 enhances gene transcription. Non-coding RNAs can target epigenetic-modifying enzymes, as well as transcription factors involved in the control of hTERT. An epigenetics diet that can affect the epigenome of cancer cells is a recent fascination that has received much attention. By combining portions of this diet with epigenome-altering treatments, it is possible to selectively regulate the epigenetic control of hTERT and its expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Lewis
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BirminghamAL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
A Novel Combinatorial Epigenetic Therapy Using Resveratrol and Pterostilbene for Restoring Estrogen Receptor-α (ERα) Expression in ERα-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155057. [PMID: 27159275 PMCID: PMC4861292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death in women. Specifically, estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-negative breast cancers are clinically more aggressive and normally do not respond to conventional hormone-directed therapies such as tamoxifen. Although epigenetic-based therapies such as 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A as DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, respectively, can regulate the expression of ERα, this can often lead to a number of side effects. Plant-based dietary compounds such as resveratrol and pterostilbene in novel combinatorial therapy provides new avenues to target these side effects and provide similar results with a higher level of safety. Here, we report that combinatorial resveratrol and pterostilbene leads to the reactivation of ERα expression in ERα-negative breast cancer cells in a time-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the ERα promoter in each cell type revealed an increase in enrichment of acetyl-H3, acetyl-H3lysine9 (H3K9) and acetyl-H4 active chromatin markers in the ERα promoter region after combinatorial treatment. This treatment also resulted in a significant change in HDAC and histone acetyl transferase (HAT) enzyme activity in these cells after 3 days of treatments. The combination resulted in a significant decrease in DNMT enzyme activity and 5-methylcytosine levels in MDA-MB-157 breast cancer cells. Moreover, reactivation of ERα expression by resveratrol combined with pterostilbene was found to sensitize ERα-dependent response to 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated cellular proliferation and antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT)-mediated inhibition of cellular proliferation in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. E2 and 4-OHT further affected the ERα-responsive downstream progesterone receptor (PGR) gene in ERα reactivated MDA-MB-157 cells. Collectively, our findings provide a new and safer way of restoring ERα expression by regulating epigenetic mechanisms with the use of phytochemicals in combinatorial therapy. This combination can further provide effective treatment options for hormonal refractory breast cancer with available anti-hormonal therapy.
Collapse
|
142
|
Shankar E, Kanwal R, Candamo M, Gupta S. Dietary phytochemicals as epigenetic modifiers in cancer: Promise and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:82-99. [PMID: 27117759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of diet and environment on human health has been known since ages. Plant-derived natural bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) have acquired an important role in human diet as potent antioxidants and cancer chemopreventive agents. In past few decades, the role of epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of mammalian genome have been comprehensively addressed. Although the effects of dietary phytochemicals on gene expression and signaling pathways have been widely studied in cancer, the impact of these dietary compounds on mammalian epigenome is rapidly emerging. The present review outlines the role of different epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation and maintenance of mammalian genome and focuses on the role of dietary phytochemicals as epigenetic modifiers in cancer. Above all, the review focuses on summarizing the progress made thus far in cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals, the heightened interest and challenges in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rajnee Kanwal
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mario Candamo
- Department of Biology, School of Undergraduate Studies, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Hashimoto Y, Zumwalt TJ, Goel A. DNA methylation patterns as noninvasive biomarkers and targets of epigenetic therapies in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2016; 8:685-703. [PMID: 27102979 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently detected in gastrointestinal tumors, and can therefore potentially be used to screen, diagnose, prognosticate, and predict colorectal cancers (CRCs). Although colonoscopic screening remains the gold standard for CRC screening, this procedure is invasive, expensive, and suffers from poor patient compliance. Methylated DNA is an attractive choice for a biomarker substrate because CRCs harbor hundreds of aberrantly methylated genes. Furthermore, abundance in extracellular environments and resistance to degradation and enrichment in serum, stool, and other noninvasive bodily fluids, allows quantitative measurements of methylated DNA biomarkers. This article describes the most important studies that investigated the efficacy of serum- or stool-derived methylated DNA as population-based screening biomarkers in CRC, details several mechanisms and factors that control DNA methylation, describes a better use of prevailing technologies that discover novel DNA methylation biomarkers, and illustrates the diversity of demethylating agents and their applicability toward clinical impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hashimoto
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J Zumwalt
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Deb M, Sengupta D, Kar S, Rath SK, Roy S, Das G, Patra SK. Epigenetic drift towards histone modifications regulates CAV1 gene expression in colon cancer. Gene 2016; 581:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
145
|
Peek GW, Tollefsbol TO. Down-regulation of hTERT and Cyclin D1 transcription via PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways in MCF-7 Cancer cells with PX-866 and Raloxifene. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:95-102. [PMID: 27017931 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic and limiting component of telomerase and also a transcription factor. It is critical to the integrity of the ends of linear chromosomes and to the regulation, extent and rate of cell cycle progression in multicellular eukaryotes. The level of hTERT expression is essential to a wide range of bodily functions and to avoidance of disease conditions, such as cancer, that are mediated in part by aberrant level and regulation of cell cycle proliferation. Value of a gene in regulation depends on its ability to both receive input from multiple sources and transmit signals to multiple effectors. The expression of hTERT and the progression of the cell cycle have been shown to be regulated by an extensive network of gene products and signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways. The PI3K inhibitor PX-866 and the competitive estrogen receptor ligand raloxifene have been shown to modify progression of those pathways and, in combination, to decrease proliferation of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that combinations of modulators of those pathways decreased not only hTERT transcription but also transcription of additional essential cell cycle regulators such as Cyclin D1. By evaluating known expression profile signatures for TGF-β pathway diversions, we confirmed additional genes such as heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB EGF) by which those pathways and their perturbations may also modify cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Peek
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Sulforaphane suppresses in vitro and in vivo lung tumorigenesis through downregulation of HDAC activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
147
|
Shukla S, Sinha S, Khan S, Kumar S, Singh K, Mitra K, Maurya R, Meeran SM. Cucurbitacin B inhibits the stemness and metastatic abilities of NSCLC via downregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21860. [PMID: 26905250 PMCID: PMC4764833 DOI: 10.1038/srep21860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective anti-metastatic drugs creates a major hurdle for metastatic lung cancer therapy. For successful lung cancer treatment, there is a strong need of newer therapeutics with metastasis-inhibitory potential. In the present study, we determined the anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic potential of a natural plant triterpenoid, Cucurbitacin B (CuB) against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) both in vitro and in vivo. CuB demonstrated a strong anti-migratory and anti-invasive ability against metastatic NSCLC at nanomolar concentrations. CuB also showed significant tumor angiogenesis-inhibitory effects as evidenced by the inhibition of migratory, invasive and tube-forming capacities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CuB-mediated inhibition of angiogenesis was validated by the inhibition of pre-existing vasculature in chick embryo chorio-allantoic membrane and matrigel plugs. Similarly, CuB inhibited the migratory behavior of TGF-β1-induced experimental EMT model. The CuB-mediated inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis was attributable to the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis, validated by siRNA-knockdown of Wnt3 and Wnt3a. The CuB-mediated downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was also validated using 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis model in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that CuB inhibited the metastatic abilities of NSCLC through the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samriddhi Shukla
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sajid Khan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Electron Microscopy Unit, SAIF, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- Electron Microscopy Unit, SAIF, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Abbas A, Hall JA, Patterson WL, Ho E, Hsu A, Al-Mulla F, Georgel PT. Sulforaphane modulates telomerase activity via epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer cell lines. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:71-81. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have revealed that diets rich in sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables, are associated with a marked decrease in prostate cancer incidence. The chemo-preventive role of SFN is associated with its histone de-acetylase inhibitor activity. However, the effect of SFN on chromatin composition and dynamic folding, especially in relation to HDAC inhibitor activity, remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that SFN can inhibit the expression and activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase, in 2 prostate cancer cell lines. This decrease in gene expression is correlated with SFN-induced changes in chromatin structure and composition. The SFN-mediated changes in levels of histone post-translational modifications, more specifically acetylation of histone H3 lysine 18 and di-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4, 2 modifications linked with high risk of prostate cancer recurrence, were associated with regulatory elements within the hTERT promoter region. Chromatin condensation may also play a role in SFN-mediated hTERT repression, since expression and recruitment of MeCP2, a known chromatin compactor, were altered in SFN treated prostate cancer cells. Chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) of MeCP2 showed enrichment over regions of the hTERT promoter with increased nucleosome density. These combined results strongly support a role for SFN in the mediation of epigenetic events leading to the repression of hTERT in prostate cancer cells. This ability of SFN to modify chromatin composition and structure associated with target gene expression provides a new model by which dietary phytochemicals may exert their chemoprevention activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ata Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - J. Adam Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - William L. Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Oregon State University, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anna Hsu
- Oregon State University, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Kuwait University, Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Pathology Unit, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Philippe T. Georgel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Meeran SM. Epigenetic targets in cancer and aging: dietary and therapeutic interventions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:689-703. [PMID: 26667209 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1132702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in normal growth and embryonic development by controlling the transcriptional activities of several genes. A growing number of epigenetic changes have been reported in the regulation of key genes involved in cancer and aging. Drugs with epigenetic modulatory activities, mainly histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, have received wider attention in aging and cancer research. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the major epigenetic alterations in cancer and aging, with special emphasis on possible therapeutic targets and interventions by dietary as well as bioactive phytochemicals. EXPERT OPINION Some epigenetic-targeting drugs have received FDA approval and many others are undergoing different phases of clinical trials for cancer therapy. In addition to the synthetic compounds, several bioactive phytochemicals and dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction, have been shown to possess epigenetic modulatory activities in multiple cancers. These epigenetic modulators have been shown to delay aging and minimize the risk of cancer both in preclinical as well as clinical models. Therefore, knowledge of bioactive phytochemicals along with dietary interventions can be utilized for cancer prevention and therapy both alone and with existing drugs to achieve optimum efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Yang AY, Kim H, Li W, Kong ANT. Natural compound-derived epigenetic regulators targeting epigenetic readers, writers and erasers. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 16:697-713. [PMID: 26306989 PMCID: PMC4955582 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150826114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications can affect gene expression in a long-term manner without changes in the primary nucleotide sequence of the DNA. These epigenetic alterations involve dynamic processes that occur in histones, chromatin-associated proteins and DNA. In response to environmental stimuli, abnormal epigenetic alterations cause disorders in the cell cycle, apoptosis and other cellular processes and thus contribute to the incidence of diverse diseases, including cancers. In this review, we will summarize recent studies focusing on certain epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers associated with cancer development and how newly discovered natural compounds and their derivatives could interact with these targets. These advances provide insights into epigenetic alterations in cancers and the potential utility of these alterations as therapeutic targets for the future development of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Room 228, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|